Multifunctional irrigation and drainage system

Abstract

The invention provides a multifunctional irrigation and drainage system, and relates to the field of irrigation and drainage control, a mountainous and hilly area is divided into a plurality of terrace units according to the altitude, the irrigation and drainage system comprises a sensor system, an interception flashboard, a runoff water delivery pipe network, a sewage interception and water storage treatment pond, a reverse circulation pipe network and a control system, the control process comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring multi-source sensing parameters of each terrace, and performing data fusion on the sensing parameters; s2, obtaining the interception water storage amount in the rainfall process; s3, the water demand of the terrace units is obtained, and water allocation from the wet water area to the water-deficient area is achieved; s4, collecting redundant runoff to realize runoff allocation; and S5, constructing a multi-objective optimization function to realize dynamic optimization. The system effectively solves the problems of uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in mountains and hills, loss of water and soil nutrients and the like through intelligent regulation and control of rainfall runoff.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of irrigation and drainage control technology, and specifically to a multifunctional irrigation and drainage system. Background Technology

[0002] Mountainous and hilly areas generally refer to mountains, hills, and rugged plateaus. These terrains are characterized by differences in altitude and slope. While rainfall is abundant in mountainous and hilly regions, it is characterized by uneven spatial distribution, significant vertical differentiation, and marked seasonal fluctuations (i.e., rainfall is concentrated and unstable depending on the season). This results in drought events exhibiting seasonal and regional characteristics. Furthermore, due to the influence of altitude and slope, heavy rainfall runoff in mountainous and hilly areas causes intense erosion of arable land, leading to severe water and nutrient loss. This not only reduces soil nutrient and productivity but also poses a high risk of environmental pollution to downstream agricultural water bodies, impacting the agricultural ecological landscape and reducing crop yields in mountainous and hilly areas. Currently, in order to cope with seasonal droughts, achieve disaster prevention and mitigation, and develop water-saving agriculture to maximize the use of rainfall in mountainous and hilly areas, water storage ponds are usually set up in mountainous and hilly planting areas for purposes such as rainwater interception and drought irrigation. However, the current water allocation is mainly based on the performance of crops in each terrace and human experience, which has a certain lag. For example, water allocation is only carried out when crops show signs of drought, which has a certain impact on crop growth and yield. At the same time, the artificial allocation of water is usually randomly transferred from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas, which is highly random and has low allocation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a multifunctional irrigation and drainage system. This system effectively solves problems such as uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and loss of soil and nutrients in mountainous and hilly areas through intelligent regulation of rainfall and runoff. It achieves objectives such as rainfall interception, drought irrigation, allocation of water resources between abundant and scarce areas, runoff circulation, and pollution control and interception. At the same time, it avoids the lag in water allocation and ensures the high efficiency of water allocation.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A multifunctional irrigation and drainage system divides mountainous and hilly areas into multiple terraced units according to altitude. T i ( i =1,2,…, n , i The larger the value, the higher the altitude. The irrigation and drainage system includes a sensor system, intercepting gates, runoff water conveyance network, sewage interception and storage ponds, reverse circulation network, and control system. The specific control process includes: Step S1: Obtain multi-source sensing parameters for each terrace and perform data fusion on the sensing parameters; Step S2: Combine the soil erosion resistance and water storage capacity of the terraced units to obtain the amount of water intercepted and stored during rainfall; Step S3: Identify the drought level of crops and obtain the water demand of the corresponding terrace unit; and through path optimization and altitude adaptation, realize the allocation of water from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas; Step S4: Collect excess runoff from the terraced fields and intercept and control pollution, then recycle and allocate the treated runoff to high-altitude water-scarce areas. Step S5: Construct a multi-objective optimization function to achieve dynamic optimization of "interception-irrigation-allocation-circulation-pollution control".

[0005] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the sensor system includes meteorological and hydrological sensor components, state sensor components, water quality sensor components, and nutrient sensor components. The meteorological and hydrological sensor components integrate a satellite remote sensing platform and an anemometer for rainfall monitoring and wind speed and direction measurement. The state sensor components are distributed in each level of terraced field units to monitor parameters such as soil moisture content, nutrients, and temperature (using soil moisture content sensors, soil nutrient sensors, and soil temperature sensors for corresponding tests), crop canopy temperature (capturing canopy temperature in real time using an infrared thermal imager and a spectral camera, with monitoring points 20cm above the crops), and terraced field water storage (measured using radar level gauges and pressure sensors). The water quality sensor components are located at the watershed outlet of each level of terraced field units to monitor pollutant concentrations (e.g., COD, ammonia nitrogen). The nutrient sensor components are located in the intercepting and water storage ponds and in each level of terraced field units to analyze the nitrogen and phosphorus content in runoff in real time.

[0006] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the interception gate is set at the ridge of each terrace unit, and the opening of the interception gate is dynamically adjusted according to the rainfall intensity, pollutant concentration and water storage volume; the runoff water conveyance network is connected to the interception gate of each terrace unit; the sewage interception and water storage treatment pond is laid along the contour line of the terrace unit and is connected to the runoff water conveyance network; the reverse circulation network is connected to the sewage interception and water storage treatment pond and each terrace unit, and one-way valves and water pumps are installed on the reverse circulation network so that the water body circulates from downstream to upstream, ensuring the water supply needs of the high-altitude terrace units.

[0007] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the multi-source sensing parameters in step S1 include real-time rainfall intensity. R real (t) Soil moisture content of terraced units Crop canopy temperature T c,i (t) Soil nutrient concentration N i (t) Water storage capacity of terraced fieldsS i (t) and downstream water pollutant concentration P d (t) ; Weighted adaptive fusion is used to fuse the sensing parameters, specifically as follows:

[0008]

[0009] In the formula: M x Indicates monitoring parameters X The number of sensors; Indicates the first k Measurement error of each sensor; X k (t) Indicates the first k Each sensor at time t The original measurement value; X f (t) It represents the measured value after data fusion, effectively solving the measurement error of a single sensor and ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0010] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the step S2 of "obtaining the intercepted water volume during the rainfall process" specifically refers to: First, based on terraced fields T i The maximum effective water storage capacity and soil permeability are used to obtain the corresponding terrace unit. T i Non-erosion rainfall interception threshold R sa,i :

[0011] In the formula: K r,i Representing terraced fields T i The soil erosion resistance coefficient; K s,i Representing terraced fields T i Soil permeability; These represent the corresponding weight coefficients ( ); Indicates the nutrient sensitivity coefficient; N sa Indicates the safe nutrient threshold for crops; S max,i Representing terraced fieldsT i Maximum effective water storage capacity:

[0012] In the formula: A i Representing terraced fields T i The area; h sa,i Representing terraced fields T i The corresponding safe water storage depth; indicates the altitude weighting coefficient; H i Representing terraced fields T i altitude; This indicates the average elevation of the terraced field unit; Considering downstream pollution levels, dynamically adjust rainfall interception thresholds (intercept runoff in advance to prevent downstream pollution from exceeding standards):

[0013] In the formula: Indicates the pollution response coefficient; P tar Indicates downstream water quality targets; Finally, the terraced field unit was obtained. T i Actual amount of interception I i (t) :

[0014] In the formula: Indicates the time step; The actual interception amount obtained from the corresponding terrace unit is intercepted by controlling the opening of the interception gate. The excess amount flows to the corresponding interception and storage pond and the downstream terrace unit through the runoff water transmission network in proportion.

[0015] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, step S3, "identifying the drought level of crops and obtaining the water requirement of the corresponding terrace unit," specifically involves: First, based on terraced fields T i Obtain the corresponding water requirement of crops based on altitude. ET c,i :

[0016] In the formula: ET 0 refers to crop evapotranspiration; K c,i Representing terraced fieldsT i The crop coefficient; Indicates the altitude influence coefficient; Indicates the temperature sensitivity coefficient; T c,re Indicates the suitable canopy temperature for crops; Then, obtain the soil moisture content threshold during drought. :

[0017] In the formula: Representing terraced fields T i Soil wilting moisture content; Representing terraced fields T i Soil field water holding capacity; This represents the minimum moisture content ratio that ensures the non-stress growth of crops. This represents the threshold correction coefficient; Then, predict and regulate water volume. Soil moisture content after a certain time (corrected for hysteresis during water transport):

[0018] In the formula: This represents the terraced field unit after data fusion. T i Soil moisture content; Representing terraced fields T i Soil bulk density (i.e., the dry weight of a unit volume of soil). when At that time, the corresponding terraced field unit T i Water volume regulation is carried out at this time, and the terraced fields are... T i The water requirement is: .

[0019] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, step S3, "realizing water allocation from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas through path optimization and altitude adaptation," specifically refers to: First, define the resource status of water-rich and water-scarce areas: Fengshui District: , S avg This represents the average water storage capacity of all terraced units at a given time. Water-scarce areas: ; Then, construct the allocation path map: using terraced fields as units.T i For nodes, T j (Fengshui District) → T k The allocation path for "(water-scarce area)" is the edge, and the edge weight is obtained. W j,k :

[0020] In the formula: w 1. w 2. w 3. w 4. w 5. w 6 represents the corresponding weight coefficients ( w 1+ w 2+ w 3+ w 4+ w 5+ w 6=1); L j,k Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k Path length; Indicates the water loss coefficient; Indicates the water demand ratio in areas of abundance and scarcity; Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k The timing of water volume adjustment; Finally, an improved Dijkstra's algorithm is used to solve for the minimum weight path, achieving efficient allocation. The objective function of the improved Dijkstra's algorithm is:

[0021] In the formula: Path This represents the set of paths from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas, with the following constraints:

[0022] In the formula: Q j→k Indicates terraced units T j To the terraced fields T k The amount of water allocated, and its relationship with the terraced fields. T k (i.e., terraced fields) T k Water demand in water-scarce areas Qk Consistent; S sa,j This indicates the safe water storage capacity reserved in areas with abundant water (i.e., the water storage capacity to prevent these areas from falling into drought):

[0023] In the formula: This represents the percentage coefficient of water storage capacity. This represents the altitude correction factor.

[0024] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, step S4 specifically includes: Determine the nutrient concentration in the intercepting and storing water treatment tank: like , N safe The threshold representing the safe nutrient utilization of crops indicates that the water in the corresponding intercepting and water storage pond will not be included in the allocation. N J-i Indicates the first i Soil nutrient concentration in each intercepting and water storage pond; if The water in the corresponding intercepting and storage ponds is then allocated through a reverse circulation pipe network, in the terraced units. T i Allocation priority P i for:

[0025] In the formula: u 1. u 2. u 3. u 4 represents the corresponding weights ( u 1+ u 2+ u 3+ u 4=1); The terraced fields are sorted according to their priority from highest to lowest, with priority given to the terraced fields that rank higher.

[0026] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, step S5 specifically includes: With "water use efficiency" U w Nutrient retention rate U n Allocation efficiency U t To achieve the objective, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed, and the multi-objective optimization function is:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula: Indicates the recovery rate; b l This indicates the proportion of runoff from the water conveyance network that flows to the corresponding intercepting and storage ponds. Represents the distribution sensitivity coefficient; This represents the standard deviation of rainfall intensity between terraced fields; This indicates the average rainfall intensity within the terraced field unit; Indicates the fluctuation penalty coefficient; Indicates the standard deviation of canopy temperature; N ir,i Indicates the nutrient concentration in irrigation water; C x Indicates the number of allocations; v w , v n , v t These represent the corresponding weight coefficients ( v w + v n + v t =1); Indicates the pollution penalty coefficient; The constraints are: .

[0029] The following are the technical effects of the present invention: This invention dynamically calculates the non-erosion rainfall interception threshold and actual interception amount for each terrace unit by coupling multiple parameters such as soil erosion resistance coefficient, permeability, and downstream pollution threshold. This avoids problems such as insufficient interception leading to rainwater runoff and excessive interception causing waterlogging, which are inherent in traditional fixed interception methods. Simultaneously, it incorporates altitude correction to adapt to the vertically differentiated rainfall characteristics of mountainous and hilly areas, significantly improving rainfall interception and utilization rates. Through a reverse circulation network and monitoring of soil moisture content and crop canopy temperature, it predicts in advance that the soil moisture content after water adjustment will fall below the threshold for non-stressed crop growth. This allows for early initiation of water allocation, avoiding the lag problem of "water allocation only after crops show drought symptoms," and reducing the irreversible impact of drought on crop growth. Furthermore, by constructing an allocation path map with terrace units as nodes, it achieves targeted and efficient allocation from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas. Combined with the allocation priority ranking in the interception and storage treatment ponds, it achieves precise and efficient water allocation, avoiding problems such as chaotic allocation and uneven water redistribution that occur with random allocation.

[0030] This invention introduces a multifunctional intelligent irrigation and drainage system into mountainous and hilly areas. This system not only effectively addresses seasonal droughts by intercepting and resisting drought, providing gravity irrigation, regulating and controlling floods, and mitigating erosion, but also achieves spatiotemporal mismatch, emission reduction and pollution control. This enhances the system's self-regulation capabilities, ensures stable grain production and supply in mountainous and hilly areas, and avoids problems such as reduced grain yield or inconsistent growth due to uneven rainfall distribution. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the irrigation and drainage system in a mountainous and hilly area according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a partial enlarged view of the sewage interception and water storage treatment tank in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Among them, 10 is the terraced field unit; 20 is the runoff water conveyance network; 21 is the diversion dam; 30 is the reverse circulation network; and 40 is the sewage interception and water storage treatment pond. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are presented for illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1: A multifunctional irrigation and drainage system divides mountainous and hilly areas into multiple terraced units according to altitude. T i ( i =1,2,…, n , i The larger the value, the higher the altitude, such as Figure 1As shown), the irrigation and drainage system includes a sensor system, intercepting gates, runoff conveying pipeline 20, sewage interception and storage pond 40, reverse circulation pipeline 30, and a control system. The sensor system includes meteorological and hydrological sensor components, state sensor components, water quality sensor components, and nutrient sensor components. The meteorological and hydrological sensor components integrate a satellite remote sensing platform and an anemometer (the anemometer can be set at the highest point in mountainous and hilly areas) for rainfall monitoring and wind speed and direction measurement. The state sensor components are distributed in each level of terraced field units to monitor parameters such as soil moisture content, nutrients, and temperature (using soil moisture content as the monitoring parameter). The system includes sensors for soil nutrients and soil temperature, which are tested accordingly. Crop canopy temperature is captured in real-time using an infrared thermal imager and a spectral camera, with monitoring points 20cm above the crop. Terraced water storage is measured using radar level gauges and pressure sensors. Water quality sensors are installed at the watershed outlets of each terrace unit to monitor pollutant concentrations (e.g., COD, ammonia nitrogen). Nutrient sensors are installed in the intercepting and water storage ponds and each terrace unit to analyze nitrogen and phosphorus content in runoff in real-time (monitored by corresponding nutrient content). Interception gates are installed at the ridges of each terrace unit 10, and their opening is dynamically adjusted based on rainfall intensity, pollutant concentration, and water storage (interception gates can be electric gates or integrated torque sensors). The runoff conveying network 20 is connected to the interception gates of each terrace unit 10 (e.g.,...). Figure 1 As shown, the runoff water conveyance network 20 runs along the slope direction through each level of terrace unit 10, and interception gates are set at the ridges of the runoff water conveyance network 20 and each level of terrace unit; the sewage interception and storage treatment pond 40 is laid out along the contour lines of the terrace unit 10 (one set of sewage interception and storage treatment pond 40 is set for every 2 to 5 levels of terraces, such as...) Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, a set of intercepting and storing water treatment ponds 40 is set up for every three levels of terraced fields; at the same time, the intercepting and storing water treatment ponds 40 may include a sedimentation zone, an adsorption zone, and a biodegradation zone, thereby treating pollutants flowing with the runoff. The intercepting and storing water treatment ponds 40 are connected to the runoff water conveyance pipeline 20 (i.e., the intercepting and storing water treatment ponds 40 correspond to the runoff water conveyance pipeline 20, such as...). Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, two runoff water pipelines 20 are set up, and two treatment tanks are set up in a set of intercepting sewage and storing water treatment tanks 40. The reverse circulation network 30 is connected to the intercepting sewage and storing water treatment tanks 40 and the terraced field units 10 at each level, and a one-way valve and a water pump are set on the reverse circulation network 30 so that the water body circulates from the downstream to the upstream, ensuring the water supply needs of the high-altitude terraced field units.

[0035] The specific control process includes: Step S1: Obtain multi-source sensing parameters for each terrace and perform data fusion on the sensing parameters; Multi-source sensing parameters include real-time rainfall intensity R real(t) Soil moisture content of terraced units Crop canopy temperature T c,i (t) Soil nutrient concentration N i (t) Water storage capacity of terraced fields S i (t) and downstream water pollutant concentration P d (t) ; Weighted adaptive fusion is used to fuse the sensing parameters, specifically as follows:

[0036] In the formula: M x Indicates monitoring parameters X The number of sensors; Indicates the first k Measurement error of each sensor (obtained through calibration experiments); X k (t) Indicates the first k Each sensor at time t The original measurement value; X f (t) It represents the measured value after data fusion, effectively solving the measurement error of a single sensor and ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0037] Step S2: Based on the soil's erosion resistance and the water storage capacity of the terraced unit, obtain the amount of water intercepted and stored during rainfall; specifically: First, based on terraced fields T i The maximum effective water storage capacity and soil permeability are used to obtain the corresponding terrace unit. T i Non-erosion rainfall interception threshold R sa,i :

[0038] In the formula: K r,i Representing terraced fields T i The soil erosion resistance coefficient (obtained through indoor erosion experiments; the larger the value, the stronger the erosion resistance, generally 0.1 to 1). K s,i Representing terraced fields T iSoil permeability (the soil permeability of the terrace unit can be obtained through in-situ testing methods, such as the Guelph infiltration meter method). These represent the corresponding weighting coefficients (obtained from experimental data). ); This indicates the nutrient sensitivity coefficient (usually 0.3). N sa Indicates the safe nutrient threshold for crops; S max,i Representing terraced fields T i Maximum effective water storage capacity:

[0039] In the formula: A i Representing terraced fields T i The area; h sa,i Representing terraced fields T i The corresponding safe water storage depth; indicating the altitude weighting coefficient (generally 0.2, meaning that for every 100m increase in altitude of the terraced unit, the upper limit of water storage increases by 20%). H i Representing terraced fields T i altitude; This indicates the average elevation of the terraced field unit; Considering downstream pollution levels, dynamically adjust rainfall interception thresholds (intercept runoff in advance to prevent downstream pollution from exceeding standards):

[0040] In the formula: This represents the pollution response coefficient (obtained through experimental calibration, typically 0.6). P tar This indicates the downstream water quality target (pre-set based on the actual crops planted and pollution prevention targets). Finally, the terraced field unit was obtained. T i Actual amount of interception I i (t) :

[0041] In the formula: Indicates the time step (usually 15 minutes); The actual interception amount obtained from the corresponding terrace unit 10 is intercepted by controlling the opening of the interception gate. The excess portion flows to the corresponding intercepting and storage pond and the downstream terrace unit through the runoff conveying network 20 according to the ratio (generally 2:8 or 3:7). For example, according to the ratio, a diversion dam 21 is set at the flow direction between the runoff conveying network 20 and the corresponding intercepting and storage pond 40 (e.g., Figure 2 As shown, the height of the diversion dam 21 accounts for 20% or 30% of the depth of the runoff conveying pipeline 20. The diversion dam 21 directs the upstream runoff into the intercepting and storage water treatment pond 40 for treatment. At the same time, the diversion dam 21 reduces the runoff velocity, thereby reducing the scouring intensity of the runoff on the soil. Furthermore, the diversion dam 21 can effectively intercept pollutants, silt and other substances in the runoff, which not only avoids serious soil erosion, but also avoids the risk of pollution of downstream agricultural water bodies by pollutants.

[0042] Step S3: Identify the drought level of the crop and obtain the water requirement of the corresponding terrace unit 10, specifically: First, based on terraced fields T i Obtain the corresponding water requirement of crops based on altitude. ET c,i :

[0043] In the formula: ET 0 refers to crop evapotranspiration; K c,i Representing terraced fields T i The crop coefficient (set according to crop type and growth stage, for example: wheat jointing stage) K c =1.2); This represents the altitude influence coefficient (generally 1x10). -4 / m); This indicates the temperature sensitivity coefficient (typically 0.04℃). -1 ); T c,re This indicates the optimal canopy temperature for crops (obtained through empirical data, e.g., 28°C for corn, 25°C for wheat). Then, obtain the soil moisture content threshold during drought. :

[0044] In the formula: Representing terraced fields T i Soil wilting moisture content; Representing terraced fields T i Soil field water holding capacity; This represents the minimum moisture content ratio required to ensure crop growth without stress (typically 0.6). This represents the threshold correction factor (typically 0.1). Then, predict and regulate water volume. Soil moisture content after a certain time (corrected for hysteresis during water transport):

[0045] In the formula: This represents the terraced field unit after data fusion. T i Soil moisture content; Representing terraced fields T i Soil bulk density (i.e., the dry weight of a unit volume of soil). when At that time, the corresponding terraced field unit T i Water volume regulation is carried out at this time, and the terraced fields are... T i The water requirement is: .

[0046] And through route optimization and altitude adaptation (via the reverse circulation pipeline network 30), water allocation from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas is achieved, specifically: First, define the resource status of water-rich and water-scarce areas: Fengshui District: , S avg This represents the average water storage capacity of all terraced units at a given time. Water-scarce areas: ; Then, construct the allocation path map: using terraced fields as units. T i For nodes, T j (Fengshui District) → T k The allocation path for "(water-scarce area)" is the edge, and the edge weight is obtained. W j,k :

[0047] In the formula: w 1. w 2. w 3. w 4. w 5. w 6 represents the corresponding weight coefficients ( w 1+ w2+ w 3+ w 4+ w 5+ w 6=1); L j,k Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k Path length; This represents the water loss coefficient (typically 0.001 / m). Indicates the water demand ratio in areas of abundance and scarcity; Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k The timing for adjusting water volume (determined based on water flow velocity and path length); Finally, an improved Dijkstra's algorithm is used to solve for the minimum weight path, achieving efficient allocation. The objective function of the improved Dijkstra's algorithm is:

[0048] In the formula: Path This represents the set of paths from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas, with the following constraints:

[0049] In the formula: Q j→k Indicates terraced units T j To the terraced fields T k The amount of water allocated, and its relationship with the terraced fields. T k (i.e., terraced fields) T k Water demand in water-scarce areas Q k Consistent; S sa,j This indicates the safe water storage capacity reserved in areas with abundant water (i.e., the water storage capacity to prevent these areas from falling into drought):

[0050] In the formula: This represents the water storage capacity ratio coefficient (generally 0.1 to 0.2). This represents the altitude correction factor (typically 0.01 to 0.02).

[0051] Step S4: Collect excess runoff from terraced unit 10 and intercept and control pollution (i.e., collect excess runoff through the interception and storage treatment pond 40), and then circulate and allocate the treated runoff (i.e., allocate it through the reverse circulation pipeline network 30) to high-altitude water-scarce areas, specifically as follows: Determine the nutrient concentration in the intercepting and storing water treatment tank: like , N safe The threshold representing the safe nutrient utilization of crops indicates that the water in the corresponding intercepting and water storage pond will not be included in the allocation. N J-i Indicates the first i Soil nutrient concentration in each intercepting and water storage pond; if The water in the corresponding intercepting and storage ponds is then allocated through a reverse circulation pipe network, in the terraced units. T i Allocation priority P i for:

[0052] In the formula: u 1. u 2. u 3. u 4 represents the corresponding weights ( u 1+ u 2+ u 3+ u 4=1); The terraced fields are sorted according to their priority from highest to lowest, with priority given to the terraced fields that rank higher.

[0053] Step S5: Construct a multi-objective optimization function to achieve dynamic optimization of "interception-irrigation-allocation-circulation-pollution control", specifically as follows: With "water use efficiency" U w Nutrient retention rate U n Allocation efficiency U t To achieve the objective, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed, and the multi-objective optimization function is:

[0054]

[0055] In the formula: This indicates the recovery rate (typically 0.8–0.9). b lThis indicates the proportion of runoff from the water conveyance network that flows to the corresponding intercepting and storage ponds. This represents the distribution sensitivity coefficient (typically 0.8). This represents the standard deviation of rainfall intensity between terraced fields; This indicates the average rainfall intensity within the terraced field unit; This represents the fluctuation penalty coefficient (typically 1.2). Indicates the standard deviation of canopy temperature; N ir,i This indicates the nutrient concentration in the irrigation water (obtained through real-time monitoring during the irrigation process). C x Indicates the number of allocations; v w , v n , v t These represent the corresponding weight coefficients ( v w + v n + v t =1); This represents the pollution penalty coefficient (generally 0.3 during the reproductive period and 0.5 during the non-reproductive period). The constraints are: .

[0056] Example 2: As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the scheme of Example 1, ET The specific method for obtaining the reference crop evapotranspiration is as follows: Crop evapotranspiration demand was obtained using the Penman-Monteith model. ET 0:

[0057] In the formula: K c Represents the crop coefficient; This represents the rate of change of saturated vapor pressure with temperature (reflecting the effect of temperature on saturated vapor pressure). R n Indicates net radiation (representing the energy driven by evaporation); RG It represents soil heat flux (i.e., the amount of heat exchanged between the surface and deep layers of soil). This represents the conversion coefficient between the wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperature difference and the water vapor pressure (related to atmospheric pressure). v 2 indicates the wind speed at a height of two meters; T air Indicates air temperature; es This represents the saturated vapor pressure (i.e., the maximum vapor pressure that air can hold at the current temperature). e a Indicates the actual water vapor pressure;

[0058] In the formula: RH Indicates relative humidity; P air Indicates atmospheric pressure;

[0059] In the formula: This represents the crop albedo (determined based on crop type; in this example, it refers to the crop's...). ); R s This represents solar radiation on the Earth's surface (obtained through observations at weather stations). This represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (typically 5.67 x 10⁻⁶). -8 MJ (m 2 ·d·K 4 )); T max Indicates the daily maximum temperature. T min Indicates the daily minimum temperature; R so This represents clear-sky solar radiation (which can be calculated using geographic location and date).

[0060] Example 3: As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the scheme of Example 1, the soil wilting moisture content The calibrated test can be performed using the pressure membrane method. Specifically, the following steps are taken: First, take the undisturbed soil from terrace unit 10, sieve it, and put it into the sample chamber of the pressure membrane instrument. Then, apply a suction force of 15 bar and continue pumping air until the flow rate stabilizes (about 24 hours). Finally, take out the soil sample, measure the moisture content using the drying method, and the moisture content of the soil sample after equilibrium is the soil wilting moisture content.

[0061] Soil field water holding capacity The calibration test can be performed using the pressure membrane method. Specifically: First, take undisturbed soil from terrace unit 10, sieve it, and place it in the sample chamber of the pressure membrane apparatus. Then, apply a suction force of 0.33 bar and continuously pump air until the flow rate stabilizes (approximately 12 hours). Next, remove the soil sample, measure its moisture content using the drying method, and the moisture content of the soil sample after equilibrium is the preliminary field capacity of the soil. Finally, the preliminary soil field capacity was corrected to obtain the final soil field capacity. :

[0062] In the formula, This represents the correction factor, which is obtained based on the actual soil conditions (generally, 0.9 to 1.0 for sandy soil and 0.8 to 0.9 for clay soil).

[0063] Example 4: As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides an irrigation and drainage regulation method for rainfall in mountainous and hilly areas, which uses any one of the irrigation and drainage systems in Examples 1 to 3 above for regulation.

Claims

1. A multifunctional irrigation and drainage system, characterized in that: The mountainous and hilly areas are divided into multiple terraced units according to their altitude. T i The irrigation and drainage system includes a sensor system, intercepting gates, runoff water conveyance network, sewage interception and storage tanks, reverse circulation network, and control system. The specific control process includes: Step S1: Obtain multi-source sensing parameters for each terrace and perform data fusion on the sensing parameters; Step S2: Combine the soil erosion resistance and water storage capacity of the terraced units to obtain the amount of water intercepted and stored during rainfall; Step S3: Identify the drought level of crops and obtain the water demand of the corresponding terrace unit; and through path optimization and altitude adaptation, realize the allocation of water from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas; Step S4: Collect excess runoff from the terraced fields and intercept and control pollution, then recycle and allocate the treated runoff to high-altitude water-scarce areas. Step S5: Construct a multi-objective optimization function to achieve dynamic optimization of "interception-irrigation-allocation-circulation-pollution control".

2. The multifunctional irrigation and drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor system includes meteorological and hydrological sensor components, state sensor components, water quality sensor components, and nutrient sensor components. The meteorological and hydrological sensor components integrate a satellite remote sensing platform and an anemometer. The state sensor components are distributed in each level of terraced field units, the water quality sensor components are set at the watershed outlet of each level of terraced field units, and the nutrient sensor components are set in the intercepting and water storage treatment ponds and in each level of terraced field units.

3. A multifunctional irrigation and drainage system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The interception gates are installed at the ridges of each terrace unit; the runoff water conveyance network is connected to the interception gates of each terrace unit; the sewage interception and water storage treatment ponds are laid out along the contour lines of the terrace units and are connected to the runoff water conveyance network; the reverse circulation network is connected to the sewage interception and water storage treatment ponds and each terrace unit and is equipped with one-way valves and water pumps.

4. A multifunctional irrigation and drainage system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The multi-source sensing parameters in step S1 include real-time rainfall intensity. R real (t) Soil moisture content of terraced units Crop canopy temperature T c,i (t) Soil nutrient concentration N i (t) Water storage capacity of terraced fields S i (t) and downstream water pollutant concentration P d (t) ; Weighted adaptive fusion is used to fuse the sensing parameters, specifically as follows: In the formula: M x Indicates monitoring parameters X The number of sensors; Indicates the first k Measurement error of each sensor; X k (t) Indicates the first k Each sensor at time t The original measurement value; X f (t) This represents the measured value after data fusion.

5. A multifunctional irrigation and drainage system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The specific steps in step S2, "obtaining the intercepted and stored water volume during the rainfall process," are as follows: First, based on terraced fields T i The maximum effective water storage capacity and soil permeability are used to obtain the corresponding terrace unit. T i Non-erosion rainfall interception threshold R sa,i : In the formula: K r,i Representing terraced fields T i The soil erosion resistance coefficient; K s,i Representing terraced fields T i Soil permeability; These represent the corresponding weight coefficients; Indicates the nutrient sensitivity coefficient; N sa Indicates the safe nutrient threshold for crops; S max,i Representing terraced fields T i Maximum effective water storage capacity: In the formula: A i Representing terraced fields T i The area; h sa,i Representing terraced fields T i The corresponding safe water storage depth; indicates the altitude weighting coefficient; H i Representing terraced fields T i altitude; This indicates the average elevation of the terraced field unit; Taking into account downstream pollution levels, the rainfall interception threshold will be dynamically adjusted. In the formula: Indicates the pollution response coefficient; P tar Indicates downstream water quality targets; Finally, the terraced field unit was obtained. T i Actual amount of interception I i (t) : In the formula: Indicates the time step; The actual interception amount obtained from the corresponding terrace unit is intercepted by controlling the opening of the interception gate. The excess amount flows to the corresponding interception and storage pond and the downstream terrace unit through the runoff water transmission network in proportion.

6. A multifunctional irrigation and drainage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step S3, "identifying the drought level of crops and obtaining the water requirement of the corresponding terrace unit," specifically involves: First, based on terraced fields T i Obtain the corresponding water requirement of crops based on altitude. ET c,i : In the formula: ET 0 refers to crop evapotranspiration; K c,i Representing terraced fields T i The crop coefficient; Indicates the altitude influence coefficient; Indicates the temperature sensitivity coefficient; T c,re Indicates the suitable canopy temperature for crops; Then, obtain the soil moisture content threshold during drought. : In the formula: Representing terraced fields T i Soil wilting moisture content; Representing terraced fields T i Soil field water holding capacity; This represents the minimum moisture content ratio that ensures the non-stress growth of crops. This represents the threshold correction coefficient; Then, predict and regulate water volume. Soil moisture content after time: In the formula: This represents the terraced field unit after data fusion. T i Soil moisture content; Representing terraced fields T i Soil bulk density; when At that time, the corresponding terraced field unit T i Water volume regulation is carried out at this time, and the terraced fields are... T i The water requirement is: 。 7. A multifunctional irrigation and drainage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step S3, "achieving water allocation from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas through path optimization and altitude adaptation," specifically refers to: First, define the resource status of water-rich and water-scarce areas: Fengshui District: , S avg This represents the average water storage capacity of all terraced units at a given time. Water-scarce areas: ; Then, construct the allocation path map: using terraced fields as units. T i For nodes, T j → T k The allocation path is the edge, and the edge weight is obtained. W j,k : In the formula: w 1. w 2. w 3. w 4. w 5. w 6 represents the corresponding weight coefficients; L j,k Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k Path length; Indicates the water loss coefficient; Indicates the water demand ratio in areas of abundance and scarcity; Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k The timing of water volume adjustment; Finally, an improved Dijkstra's algorithm is used to solve for the minimum weight path, achieving efficient allocation. The objective function of the improved Dijkstra's algorithm is: In the formula: Path This represents the set of paths from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas, with the following constraints: In the formula: Q j→k Indicates terraced units T j To the terraced fields T k The amount of water allocated, and its relationship with the terraced fields. T k water demand Q k Consistent; S sa,j This indicates the safe water storage capacity remaining in the high-water area: In the formula: This represents the percentage coefficient of water storage capacity. This represents the altitude correction factor.

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