Femoral bone drilling device
By using a femoral bone drilling device to collect and pulverize the tunnel bone as bone graft material, the problem of bone loss during drilling and limited bone graft material in existing technologies has been solved, achieving bone regeneration and complication-free bone grafting results.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510916693.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-14
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
In minimally invasive hip-preserving surgery for femoral head necrosis, existing techniques cannot effectively collect and utilize the tunnel bone lost during drilling, and conventional bone graft materials such as autologous bone and artificial bone have complications or limited bone regeneration capacity.
Design a femoral bone drilling device, including a puncture guide needle, an outer cannula, a hollow drill tube, and an inner cannula. Through different combinations, drilling, tube drilling, and retrieval operations are performed to collect the tunnel bone as a whole and crush it into bone graft material, avoiding the need for iliac bone harvesting.
It achieves complete collection and utilization of tunnel bone, promotes bone regeneration, avoids bone harvesting damage and complications, and provides an efficient source of bone graft material.
Smart Images
Figure CN120938535A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical devices, specifically relating to a femoral bone drilling device. Background Technology
[0002] In minimally invasive hip-preserving surgery for avascular necrosis of the femoral head, a hole is drilled on one side of the femur according to the patient's condition. Then, surgical instruments are used to remove the necrotic part of the femoral head through the hole, and bone graft material is filled into the necrotic area to complete the surgical procedure.
[0003] Commonly used bone graft materials include autologous bone and artificial bone. Iliac bone harvesting requires a second surgical incision and is often accompanied by complications such as donor site pain and hematoma formation, prolonging the patient's recovery period. While artificial bone materials can avoid bone harvesting damage, their bone regeneration capacity is limited. In addition, during current drilling procedures, bone fragments are often pulverized and lost along the grooves of the drilling instruments during bone tunneling, without being collected. Even if the outflowing bone fragments are collected, they cannot be reused as bone graft material. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address at least one of the above-mentioned shortcomings and to provide a device that can drill and remove the entire femoral bone.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0006] A femoral bone drilling device includes a puncture guide needle, an outer cannula, a hollow drill tube, and an inner cannula. The puncture guide needle is concentrically fitted inside the outer cannula for drilling a central guide hole in the femur. The hollow drill tube is concentrically fitted outside the puncture guide needle, with its outer wall fitting against the inner wall of the outer cannula. The inner cannula is concentrically fitted outside the puncture guide needle, with its outer wall fitting against the inner wall of the outer cannula. The hollow drill tube and the inner cannula are selectively fitted between the puncture guide needle and the outer cannula, and the inner diameter of the inner cannula is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the hollow drill tube. The device first fits the hollow drill tube between the puncture guide needle and the outer cannula to drill a bone column. After removing the hollow drill tube, the inner cannula is inserted, and the bone column is clamped between the puncture guide needle and the inner cannula and then removed.
[0007] This application aims to improve the drilling procedure by collecting the entire tunnel bone during the operation and then using the fragmented tunnel bone as a bone graft material for reimplantation after scraping away necrotic bone. This can promote bone regeneration and eliminate the need for iliac bone harvesting.
[0008] According to the above-mentioned femoral bone drilling device, a guide sleeve is provided on the proximal end of the guide needle for supporting and guiding on the inner wall of the hollow drill tube or the inner sleeve.
[0009] Preferably, the femoral bone drilling device has three operating states: drilling tube state, retrieval state, and drilling state. In the drilling tube state, a puncture guide needle, an outer tube, and a hollow drill tube are used for drilling operations; in the retrieval state, a puncture guide needle and an outer tube are used for retrieval operations; and in the drilling state, a puncture guide needle is used for drilling operations.
[0010] According to the above-mentioned femoral bone drilling device, the distal end of the guide needle is provided with a drill bit, a first thread and a second thread in sequence from distal to proximal, and the first thread and the second thread are spaced apart to form a through portion between them.
[0011] According to the above-mentioned femoral bone drilling device, the through-hole portion has a smooth wall, the first thread and the second thread are provided at both ends of the through-hole portion and are composed of external threads, the outer diameter of the second thread is larger than that of the first thread and the pitch is smaller than that of the first thread.
[0012] According to the above-mentioned femoral bone drilling device, the guide sleeve is in the shape of a perforated cylinder, and the number of guide sleeves is 2-6.
[0013] According to the above-mentioned femoral bone drilling device, the outer diameter of the hollow drill tube is equal to the outer diameter of the inner sleeve, and the wall thickness of the hollow drill tube is greater than that of the inner sleeve.
[0014] According to the above-mentioned femoral bone drilling device, the diameter of the puncture guide needle is 3mm, the outer diameter of the hollow drill tube is 9mm and the wall thickness is 1mm, and the outer diameter of the inner sleeve is 9mm and the wall thickness is 0.5mm.
[0015] According to the above-mentioned femoral bone drilling device, the femoral bone drilling device further includes a manual rotating handle, which is detachably coupled to the puncture guide needle.
[0016] According to the above-mentioned femoral bone drilling device, it further includes a guide needle holder, which is detachably connected to the puncture guide needle for removing the bone column by tapping.
[0017] The femoral bone drilling device of the present invention can extract the whole segment of bone that would be broken and flow out in conventional surgical drilling, collect the whole segment of tunnel bone (or bone column), scrape off the necrotic bone and crush it to be used as bone graft material for reimplantation, so as to promote bone regeneration, and achieve autologous reimplantation without the need for iliac bone harvesting. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the femoral bone drilling device of the present invention, which includes the main components;
[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1Exploded side view of the embodiment device assembled in the drill pipe configuration;
[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Exploded side view of the device in the embodiment when it is assembled in the sleeve position;
[0021] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the hollow drill pipe in the embodiment, wherein the length is omitted by using a break line;
[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of the puncture guide needle in the embodiment shows an exemplary structure of the guide sleeve and the first and second threads;
[0023] Figure 6-12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of each step of the femoral bone drilling device of the present invention.
[0024] Among them, there is a puncture guide needle 11, an outer sleeve 12, a hollow drill pipe 13, an inner sleeve 14, a manual swivel 15, a distal end of the guide needle 11a, a proximal end of the guide needle 11b, a drill bit 111, a first thread 112, a second thread 113, a through part 114, a guide sleeve 115, a sleeve cavity 116, a drill pipe body 131, and drill teeth 132. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention and to more clearly define the scope of protection of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to certain specific embodiments.
[0026] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a femoral bone drilling device is provided, comprising a puncture guide needle 11, an outer sheath 12, a hollow drill tube 13, and an inner sheath 14. The puncture guide needle 11 and the outer sheath 12 are required for use, while the hollow drill tube 13 and the inner sheath 14 are optional; that is, they cannot be used simultaneously. Therefore, this femoral bone drilling device has three usage states: first, a drilling state consisting of the puncture guide needle 11, the outer sheath 12, and the hollow drill tube 13, used for drilling operations; second, a retrieval state consisting of the puncture guide needle 11 and the outer sheath 12 (which may also include the inner sheath 14), used for retrieval operations; and third, a drilling state consisting only of the puncture guide needle 11, used for drilling operations. In use, the puncture guide needle 11 is first used to drill a hole in the femur. After drilling is completed, the hollow drill tube 13 and the outer sleeve 12 are installed to perform drilling operations. After completion, the hollow drill tube 13 is removed, and finally the inner sleeve 14 is installed to perform the retrieval operation.
[0027] In this embodiment, the puncture guide needle 11 is preferably concentrically fitted inside the outer sleeve 12 for drilling a central guide hole on the femur. The hollow drill tube 13 is concentrically fitted outside the puncture guide needle 11, and the outer wall of the hollow drill tube 13 is in contact with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 12. The inner sleeve 14 is concentrically fitted outside the puncture guide needle 11, and the outer wall of the inner sleeve 14 is in contact with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 12. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the inner sheath 14 is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the hollow drill tube 13, which facilitates the insertion of the inner sheath 14 after drilling is completed. After drilling, the hollow drill tube 13 will form a circular channel concentric with the puncture guide needle 11 inside the femur (or it can be understood as opening a cavity with the same shape as the hollow drill tube 13 inside the femur, which may be shorter than the hollow drill tube 13). The inner sheath 14 is subsequently inserted into this circular channel. Therefore, having an inner sheath 14 with a larger inner diameter is more conducive to insertion.
[0028] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the outer casing 12, hollow drill pipe 13, and inner casing 14 are all hollow cylindrical pipes, each with a cylindrical hollow cavity inside. The hollow drill pipe 13 includes a drill pipe body 131 and drill teeth 132 located at the distal end of the drill pipe body 131 for drilling operations by rotating the hollow drill pipe 13.
[0029] like Figure 5 As shown, the puncture guide needle 11 is formed into a distal end 11a and a proximal end 11b at its distal and proximal ends, respectively, where the distal end refers to the end away from the doctor and the proximal end refers to the end closer to the doctor. A guide sleeve 115 is fitted on the proximal end 11b of the guide needle. The guide sleeve 115 is used to support and guide the hollow drill tube 13 or the inner sleeve 14 on the inner wall to guide the hollow drill tube 13 and the inner sleeve 14 to perform tunnel bone drilling and tunnel bone removal in a straight direction as much as possible. The guide sleeve 115 is provided with a cavity 116, and the cavities 116 of multiple guide sleeves 115 are fitted onto the proximal end 11b of the guide needle at intervals.
[0030] The guide needle 11 has a drill bit 111, a first thread 112, and a second thread 113 arranged sequentially from far to near on its distal end 11a. The first thread 112 and the second thread 113 are spaced apart to form a penetration portion 114 between them, i.e., the first and second threads are respectively located at both ends of the penetration portion 114. Preferably, the first thread 112 and the second thread 113 are external threads provided on the outer wall of the guide needle 11, and the penetration portion 114 has a smooth wall. The diameter of the second thread 113 is larger and denser than that of the first thread 112, i.e., the outer diameter of the second thread 113 is larger than that of the first thread 112 to form a larger diameter, and the pitch of the second thread 113 is smaller than that of the first thread 112 to form a denser thread. The purpose of the large diameter design is that after the first thread 112 drills into the bone, the large diameter thread of the second thread 113 can also lock with the bone cortex; the purpose of the close thread design of the second thread 113 is to lock with the cortical bone; the purpose of the sparse thread pitch design of the first thread 112 is to better engage with the cancellous bone in the femoral head.
[0031] Preferably, the guide sleeve 115 is a perforated cylindrical shape, and the number of guide sleeves 115 is 2-6, with 3 in this embodiment, so as to facilitate linear support and guidance.
[0032] In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the hollow drill tube 13 is equal to the outer diameter of the inner sleeve 14, and the wall thickness of the hollow drill tube 13 is greater than the wall thickness of the inner sleeve 14, so that the inner diameter of the inner sleeve 14 is greater than the inner diameter of the hollow drill tube 13. Specifically, in this example, the diameter of the puncture guide needle 11 is 3mm, the outer diameter of the hollow drill tube 13 is 9mm and the wall thickness is 1mm, and the outer diameter of the inner sleeve 14 is 9mm and the wall thickness is 0.5mm.
[0033] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the femoral bone drilling device also includes a manual handle 15, which is detachably coupled to the puncture guide needle 11 so that the doctor can manually operate the puncture guide needle 11 to rotate for drilling.
[0034] Preferably, the femoral bone extraction device may further include a guide needle holder (not shown in the figure), which is detachably connected to the puncture guide needle 11 for removing the entire tunnel-shaped bone column by tapping the guide needle holder. The doctor can then scrape away necrotic bone from the removed tunnel bone column and reimplant it as bone graft material to promote bone regeneration. To facilitate the fixation of the guide needle holder to the puncture guide needle 11, the outer sheath 12 can be removed before installing the guide needle holder.
[0035] Since the hollow drill tube 13 and the inner sleeve 14 are selectively fitted between the puncture guide needle 11 and the outer sleeve 12, the operation process of performing surgery using the femoral bone drilling device of this embodiment is as follows (a three-dimensional model diagram is provided to illustrate the surgical principle):
[0036] 1. For example Figure 6 As shown, the drilling operation is performed using the puncture guide needle 11. Compared with the existing surgical methods, the puncture guide needle 11 used in this embodiment has a diameter of 3mm, which is relatively small.
[0037] 2. For example Figure 7 As shown, after the above drilling operation is completed, the hollow drill tube 13 and the outer sleeve 12 will be inserted. The outer sleeve 12 is installed within the muscle tissue to form a channel on the lateral side of the femur for the hollow drill tube 13 to be installed, ensuring that subsequent drilling operations of the hollow drill tube 13 are not affected by the surrounding muscle tissue. Figure 7 The hollow drill pipe 13 and the outer casing 12 are shown in a half-section view, which is helpful to show the assembly status of the two.
[0038] 3. For example Figure 8-9 As shown, the hollow drill pipe 13 is driven to rotate for drilling operations. The hollow drill pipe 13 can be rotated manually, or it can be driven by a motor or pneumatic system. Figure 9 The hollow drill pipe 13 and the outer casing 12 are shown in a half-section view, which is helpful to show the assembly status of the two.
[0039] 4. Remove the hollow drill pipe 13 from the outer casing 12, leaving the outer casing 12 in its original position to provide a passage.
[0040] 5. Place the inner cannula 14 between the puncture guide needle 11 and the outer cannula 12, such as... Figure 10-11 As shown, since the inner sleeve 14 is designed to have a smaller wall thickness, the gap in the hole drilled by the hollow drill pipe 13 is conducive to the inner sleeve 14 passing through it.
[0041] 6. Connect the guide needle holder (not shown in the figure) to the puncture guide needle 11 to form a fixed connection. The doctor taps the guide needle holder, which can cause the puncture guide needle 11 and the entire tunnel bone column to break distally, allowing the entire bone column to be removed. Figure 12 As shown. The entire bone column is sandwiched between the puncture guide needle 11 and the inner cannula 14, which helps ensure the integrity of the bone column and prevents contamination. Figure 11 , 12 The inner sleeve 14 is also shown in a half-section effect, which is helpful for showing the assembly state (the guide needle holder is not shown).
[0042] 7. Finally, the entire bone column that was removed is scraped to remove necrotic bone and then crushed to be used as bone graft material for reimplantation to promote bone regeneration. This allows for autologous reimplantation without the need for iliac bone harvesting.
[0043] It should be noted that, in Figure 6-12In all cases, the femur is shown in a half-section, which allows for a better display of the working status of the femur drilling device of the present invention at each step.
[0044] Therefore, the present invention also discloses a method for autologous reimplantation of a whole bone column taken out in a minimally invasive hip-preserving surgery using the above-mentioned femoral bone drilling device as a bone graft material.
Claims
1. A femoral bone drilling device, characterized in that, The device includes a puncture guide needle (11), an outer sheath (12), a hollow drill tube (13), and an inner sheath (14). The puncture guide needle (11) is concentrically fitted inside the outer sheath (12) for drilling a central guide hole on the femur. The hollow drill tube (13) is concentrically fitted outside the puncture guide needle (11), and the outer wall of the hollow drill tube (13) is fitted with the inner wall of the outer sheath (12). The inner sheath (14) is concentrically fitted outside the puncture guide needle (11), and the outer wall of the inner sheath (14) is fitted with the inner wall of the outer sheath (12). The inner diameter of the inner sheath (14) is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the hollow drill tube (13).
2. The femoral bone drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A guide sleeve (115) is fitted on the proximal end (11b) of the guide needle to support and guide it on the inner wall of the hollow drill pipe (13) or the inner sleeve (14); Preferably, the femoral bone drilling device has three usage states: in the drilling state, it uses a puncture guide needle (11), an outer tube (12), and a hollow drill tube (13) for drilling operations; in the retrieval state, it uses a puncture guide needle (11) and an outer tube (12) for retrieval operations; and in the drilling state, it uses a puncture guide needle (11) for drilling operations.
3. The femoral bone drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distal end (11a) of the guide pin is provided with a drill bit (111), a first thread (112) and a second thread (113) in sequence from far to near. The first thread (112) and the second thread (113) are spaced apart to form a through portion (114) between them.
4. The femoral bone drilling device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The through portion (114) has a smooth wall. The first thread (112) and the second thread (113) are provided at both ends of the through portion (114) and are composed of external threads. The outer diameter of the second thread (113) is larger than that of the first thread (112) and the pitch is smaller than that of the first thread (112).
5. The femoral bone drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide sleeve (115) is a perforated cylindrical shape, and the number of guide sleeves (115) is 2-6.
6. The femoral bone drilling device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the hollow drill pipe (13) is equal to the outer diameter of the inner casing (14), and the wall thickness of the hollow drill pipe (13) is greater than that of the inner casing (14).
7. The femoral bone drilling device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The diameter of the puncture guide needle (11) is 3mm, the outer diameter of the hollow drill tube (13) is 9mm and the wall thickness is 1mm, and the outer diameter of the inner sleeve (14) is 9mm and the wall thickness is 0.5mm.
8. The femoral bone drilling device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The femoral bone drilling device also includes a handle (15), which is detachably coupled to the puncture guide needle (11).
9. The femoral bone drilling device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a guide needle holder, which is detachably connected to the puncture guide needle (11) for removing the bone column by tapping.