An electric heating assembly and an air intake fairing applying the same

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of aircraft fairing, and discloses an electric heating assembly and an air inlet fairing applying the electric heating assembly, the electric heating assembly is applied to ice prevention and deicing of the air inlet fairing, and the electric heating assembly comprises a first heating piece and a second heating piece; the first heating piece is arranged from a near tip to a peripheral wall of the air inlet fairing, a first electrode of the first heating piece and the tip of the fairing form a first temperature zone, a second temperature zone is formed between the first electrode and a second electrode, and a first difference value between an average temperature of the second temperature zone and an average temperature of the first temperature zone is obvious to meet the requirement of a higher temperature of the tip; the first temperature zone is arranged to realize directional heating of the tip area, the ice prevention and deicing capacity of the tip area is obviously improved, and the problem of insufficient heating of the tip and easy icing in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aircraft fairing technology, specifically to an electric heating component and an air intake fairing using the electric heating component thereon. Background Technology

[0002] During flight, the low temperatures and high humidity prevalent in high-altitude environments can easily cause ice to form on the outer surface of the engine intake cowling. This is especially true when temperatures are between -4°C and -10°C and relative humidity is above 80%, making it easier for large and long icicles to form at the tips of the cowling. When these icicles break apart during flight, their fragments can enter the engine's internal ducts with the airflow, posing a safety hazard of foreign object ingestion. In severe cases, this can lead to engine failure or even a flight accident.

[0003] In existing technologies, the common de-icing method is hot gas de-icing. This method typically involves extracting a portion of high-temperature gas from the engine, delivering hot air through pre-designed ducts to the inside of the cowling, and then transferring the heat to the outer surface of the cowling via the air medium to achieve de-icing. However, due to the low thermal conductivity of air and the fact that the cowling is usually composed of multiple layers of materials such as resin-based composites and aluminum alloys, resulting in a large overall thickness, it is difficult for the de-icing system to heat the outer surface of the cowling to an effective de-icing temperature in a timely manner when temporarily activated. Especially under conditions where ice forms rapidly and icicles are large, the response speed of hot gas de-icing cannot meet the actual flight safety requirements. Furthermore, continuously operating the hot gas system for extended periods results in energy waste and reduces the overall engine efficiency.

[0004] Another common de-icing method is electric heating wire de-icing. This method typically involves spirally winding a metal heating wire onto the sub-outer surface of the intake fairing. By applying electricity, the wire generates heat to melt the ice. While this technology can improve the de-icing effect to some extent, the use of resistance wire heating, which has a certain thickness, results in an uneven surface on the intake fairing, affecting its aerodynamic shape.

[0005] Furthermore, for the intake fairing, its tip is the first area to freeze. Neither hot gas de-icing nor resistance wire de-icing can provide a better heating temperature at the tip of the fairing while heating other areas evenly. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides an electric heating component and an air intake shroud using the electric heating component, so as to solve the problem that while the electric heating component in the prior art can uniformly heat the peripheral wall, it is difficult to fully heat the tip of the shroud, resulting in poor anti-icing effect at the tip.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an electric heating assembly for anti-icing and de-icing of an air intake shroud. The electric heating assembly is conformally fitted to the air intake shroud and includes: a first heating element and a second heating element; the first heating element extends from near the tip of the air intake shroud towards its peripheral wall, and includes a first conductive fabric substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the first conductive fabric substrate. Both the first and second electrodes are annular and coaxially spaced on both sides of the first conductive fabric substrate. The first electrode is close to the tip of the air intake shroud, and the first electrode and the tip of the air intake shroud enclose a first temperature zone; the second electrode and the first electrode enclose a second temperature zone. The second heating element is disposed on the peripheral wall of the air intake shroud, and is adjacent to the first heating element. The first heating element and the second heating element are connected in parallel. The second heating element includes a second conductive fabric substrate, and a third electrode and a fourth electrode disposed on the second conductive fabric substrate. The third electrode and the fourth electrode are arranged in a ring structure and are coaxially spaced on both sides of the second conductive fabric substrate. The third electrode and the fourth electrode enclose a third temperature zone. The average temperature of the first temperature zone is higher than the average temperature of the second temperature zone, and the two have a first difference. The average temperature of the second temperature zone is the same as the average temperature of the third temperature zone, or the two have a second difference. The first difference is greater than the second difference.

[0009] It has the following advantages:

[0010] This invention involves placing a first heating element near the tip to the peripheral wall of the air intake fairing, with the first electrode of the first heating element and the tip of the fairing forming a first temperature zone. A second temperature zone is formed between the first and second electrodes. The average temperature of the second temperature zone differs significantly from the average temperature of the first temperature zone, thus meeting the higher temperature requirement of the tip. The first temperature zone enables directional heating of the tip area, significantly improving its anti-icing and de-icing capabilities and solving the problems of insufficient tip heating and easy icing in existing technologies. A second heating element is placed on the peripheral wall of the fairing, forming a third temperature zone between the third and fourth electrodes. The average temperature of the second temperature zone is the same as or differs from the average temperature of the third temperature zone by a small second difference, thereby achieving uniform heating of the fairing peripheral wall. By controlling the first difference to be greater than the second difference, the temperature difference between the tip and the peripheral wall is maintained within a controlled range, enabling rapid response to the de-icing needs of the tip in cold environments and improving the overall thermal response speed and anti-icing effect of the system.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second electrode of the first heating element is disposed adjacent to the third electrode of the second heating element on the adjacent side, and the two electrodes have the same polarity.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second electrode of the first heating element is disposed adjacent to the third electrode of the second heating element on the adjacent side and has a first gap, and the polarities are opposite.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of second heating elements are provided, and the plurality of second heating elements are arranged adjacent to each other on the peripheral wall of the air intake shroud. The plurality of second heating elements and the first heating element are arranged in parallel circuit. The fourth electrode of any second heating element and the third electrode of another adjacent second heating element are arranged adjacent to each other and have the same polarity.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of second heating elements are provided, and the plurality of second heating elements are arranged adjacent to each other on the peripheral wall of the air intake shroud. The plurality of second heating elements and the first heating element are arranged in parallel circuit. The fourth electrode of any second heating element and the third electrode of the adjacent second heating element are adjacent to each other and have a second gap, and have opposite polarities.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first heating element further includes a plurality of first intermediate electrodes, the first intermediate electrodes being located between the first electrode and the second electrode, having a ring structure and being coaxially arranged, and any two adjacent electrodes having opposite polarities.

[0016] The second heating element also includes a plurality of second intermediate electrodes, which are located between the third electrode and the fourth electrode, are in a ring structure and are coaxially arranged, and the polarities of any two adjacent electrodes are opposite.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, one first intermediate electrode and one second intermediate electrode are provided.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the length ratio of the first intermediate electrode to the first electrode is greater than or equal to 5:1.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, both the first conductive fabric substrate and the second conductive fabric substrate include an inorganic fiber fabric and a graphene layer deposited on the surface of the inorganic fiber fabric.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention also provides an air intake shroud, including a housing and the electric heating component, wherein the electric heating component is disposed inside the housing, a first temperature zone is arranged to coincide with the tip of the housing, and a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone extend rearward from the tip of the housing and cover it.

[0021] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an air intake fairing, which includes the following steps:

[0022] A graphene layer is deposited on an inorganic fiber fabric to form a conductive fabric matrix. The conductive fabric matrix is ​​then cut according to the air intake hood structure to prepare the first conductive fabric matrix and the second conductive fabric matrix.

[0023] According to the preset electrode trajectory, a first electrode and a second electrode are set on the first conductive fabric substrate to form a first heating element, and a third electrode and a fourth electrode are set on the second conductive fabric substrate to form a second heating element. A plurality of second heating elements are set, and the first heating elements and the second heating elements are arranged and combined to form an electric heating assembly.

[0024] An electric heating component is formed by combining an electric heating component with a resin heating composite. A multilayer fiber prepreg and the electric heating component prepreg are laid in sequence, and the electric heating component prepreg is placed between two layers of fiber prepreg near the outer side to form a preform.

[0025] The preform is solidified and shaped.

[0026] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an air intake fairing, comprising the following steps:

[0027] A graphene layer is deposited on an inorganic fiber fabric to form a conductive fabric matrix. The conductive fabric matrix is ​​then cut according to the air intake hood structure to prepare the first conductive fabric matrix and the second conductive fabric matrix.

[0028] According to the preset electrode trajectory, a first electrode and a second electrode are set on the first conductive fabric substrate to form a first heating element, and a third electrode and a fourth electrode are set on the second conductive fabric substrate to form a second heating element. A plurality of second heating elements are set, and the first heating elements and the second heating elements are arranged and combined to form an electric heating assembly.

[0029] The multi-layer fiber fabric and the electric heating component are laid out according to the designed layup sequence, and after pre-forming, they are placed in the vacuum chamber.

[0030] Resin is filled into the vacuum cavity so that the resin is completely impregnated with the layers of fiber fabric and electric heating components to form a preform;

[0031] The preform is then cured and molded. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an air intake shroud formed by an electric heating component provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the first heating element provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the second heating element provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the air intake fairing structure provided in the third aspect embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 Infrared electrothermal test images of the electric heating component of the air intake shroud provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0039] 1. Electric heating assembly; 11. First heating element; 111. First conductive fabric substrate; 112. First electrode; 113. Second electrode; 114. First intermediate electrode; 12. Second heating element; 121. Second conductive fabric substrate; 122. Third electrode; 123. Fourth electrode; 124. Second intermediate electrode; 2. Fiber prepreg. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0043] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0044] Reference Figure 1As shown, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an electric heating assembly 1 for use in the anti-icing and de-icing of an air intake shroud. The electric heating assembly 1 is conformally fitted to the air intake shroud and includes: a first heating element 11 and a second heating element 12; the first heating element 11 extends from near the tip of the air intake shroud toward the peripheral wall, and includes a first conductive fabric substrate 111, and a first electrode 112 and a second electrode 113 disposed on the first conductive fabric substrate 111. The first electrode 112 and the second electrode 113 are both annular structures and are coaxially spaced on both sides of the first conductive fabric substrate 111. The first electrode 112 is close to the tip of the air intake shroud, and the first electrode 112 and the tip of the air intake shroud enclose a first temperature zone. The second electrode 113 and the first electrode 112 enclose a... A second temperature zone is formed; a second heating element 12 is disposed on the peripheral wall of the air intake shroud, and the second heating element 12 is disposed adjacent to the first heating element 11. The first heating element 11 and the second heating element 12 are configured in parallel circuit; the second heating element 12 includes a second conductive fabric substrate 121, and a third electrode 122 and a fourth electrode 123 disposed on the second conductive fabric substrate 121. The third electrode 122 and the fourth electrode 123 are arranged in a ring structure and are coaxially spaced on both sides of the second conductive fabric substrate 121. The third electrode 122 and the fourth electrode 123 enclose and form a third temperature zone; the average temperature of the first temperature zone is higher than the average temperature of the second temperature zone, and the two have a first difference; the average temperature of the second temperature zone is the same as the average temperature of the third temperature zone or the two have a second difference; the first difference is greater than the second difference.

[0045] Specifically, this invention involves setting a first heating element 11 near the tip to the peripheral wall of the air intake shroud, with the first electrode 112 of the first heating element 11 enclosing the tip of the shroud to form a first temperature zone. A second temperature zone is formed between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 113. The average temperature of the second temperature zone has a significant first temperature difference from the average temperature of the first temperature zone, thus meeting the higher temperature requirement of the tip. The setting of the first temperature zone enables directional heating of the tip area, significantly improving the anti-icing and de-icing capabilities of the tip area and solving the problems of insufficient tip heating and easy icing in the prior art. The second heating element 12 is set on the peripheral wall of the shroud, with a third temperature zone formed between the third electrode 122 and the fourth electrode 123. The average temperature of the second temperature zone is the same as the average temperature of the third temperature zone or they have a second temperature difference, which is small, thereby achieving uniform heating of the peripheral wall of the shroud. By controlling the first temperature difference to be greater than the second temperature difference, the temperature difference between the tip and the peripheral wall is maintained within a controlled range to maintain a large gradient, thereby enabling rapid response to the de-icing needs of the tip in cold environments and improving the overall thermal response speed and anti-icing effect of the system.

[0046] It is understandable that the second heating element 12 and the first heating element 11 form a parallel circuit structure and are arranged adjacent to each other, which helps to achieve independent control of zones and coordinated heat distribution, so that the peripheral wall part obtains a stable and uniform heating effect and improves the consistency of de-icing performance.

[0047] The electric heating component 1 is conformally designed with the air intake fairing, which can fit the complex curved surface structure, improve the structural compactness and installation convenience, and is suitable for various air intake fairing structures with good versatility and manufacturability.

[0048] It is understandable that when the first difference is 10-20℃ and the second difference is 1-2℃, it can be seen that the average temperature of the first temperature zone is significantly different from that of the third temperature zone, which can meet the higher temperature requirements of the tip area; the average temperature of the second temperature zone is less different from that of the third temperature zone, which can ensure the uniformity of heating of the fairing perimeter wall.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second electrode 113 of the first heating element 11 is disposed adjacent to the third electrode 122 or the fourth electrode 123 of the second heating element 12 on the adjacent side, and the polarities are the same.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second electrode 113 of the first heating element 11 is disposed adjacent to the third electrode 122 or the fourth electrode 123 of the second heating element 12 on the adjacent side and has a first gap, and the polarities are opposite.

[0051] Specifically, when the second electrode 113 and the third electrode 122 have the same polarity, they can be connected together. When the polarities of the second electrode 113 and the third electrode 122 are opposite, there is a first gap between them. The value of the first gap is 1-3mm. The first gap can effectively prevent conductor short circuits caused by thermal expansion or assembly tolerances, while ensuring good electrical insulation between adjacent electrodes and improving the electrical safety of the system. In addition, the gap area cannot generate heat on its own; it relies on the heat diffusion of the first heating element 11 and the second heating element 12. A suitable gap range can achieve effective heat diffusion and ensure the overall uniformity of heating.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of second heating elements 12 are provided, and the plurality of second heating elements 12 are arranged adjacent to each other on the peripheral wall of the air intake shroud. The plurality of second heating elements 12 and the first heating element 11 are arranged in parallel circuit. The fourth electrode 123 of any second heating element 12 and the third electrode 122 of another adjacent second heating element 12 are arranged adjacent to each other and have the same polarity.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of second heating elements 12 are provided, and the plurality of second heating elements 12 are arranged adjacent to each other on the peripheral wall of the air intake shroud. The plurality of second heating elements 12 and the first heating element 11 are arranged in parallel circuit. The fourth electrode 123 of any second heating element 12 and the third electrode 122 of another adjacent second heating element 12 are adjacent to each other and have a second gap, and have opposite polarities.

[0054] Similarly, when the fourth electrode 123 of any second heating element 12 has the same polarity as the third electrode 122 of the adjacent second heating element 12, the fourth electrode 123 and the third electrode 122 can be connected together; when the fourth electrode 123 of any second heating element 12 has the opposite polarity to the third electrode 122 of the adjacent second heating element 12, there is a second gap between the fourth electrode 123 and the third electrode 122.

[0055] Specifically, by arranging multiple second heating elements 12 in segments along the circumferential wall of the rectifier, the difference in length between the two electrodes of the same second heating element 12 is reduced, resulting in higher heating uniformity in different areas of the same heating element. Simultaneously, modular coverage of the heating area can be achieved, thereby significantly improving the heating uniformity and de-icing consistency of the rectifier's peripheral wall. The number of second heating elements 12 can be planned and set according to the size of the rectifier and the heating uniformity requirements, including but not limited to 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

[0056] In addition, the multiple second heating elements 12 are connected in parallel circuits, so even if one of the heating elements fails, the remaining heating elements can still work normally without affecting the overall system operation, thus improving the fault tolerance and operational reliability of the electric heating assembly 1.

[0057] It is understandable that the value of the second gap is in the range of 1-3mm. The setting of the second gap avoids direct contact between heating elements, realizes precise control of a single second heating element 12, and enables effective heat diffusion between adjacent heating elements, thereby improving the structural stability and heating uniformity of the entire heating assembly.

[0058] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the first heating element 11 further includes a plurality of first intermediate electrodes 114, which are located between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 113, and are arranged in a ring structure and coaxially, with any two adjacent electrodes having opposite polarities; the second heating element 12 further includes a plurality of second intermediate electrodes 124, which are located between the third electrode 122 and the fourth electrode 123, and are arranged in a ring structure and coaxially, with any two adjacent electrodes having opposite polarities.

[0059] Specifically, by setting a plurality of first intermediate electrodes 114 between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 113, with adjacent electrodes having opposite polarities, a finer and more regular electric field distribution can be formed in the conductive fabric substrate, reducing current concentration and effectively improving the uniformity of the heating area, thus avoiding local overheating or underheating problems. The first intermediate electrodes 114 divide the first conductive fabric substrate 111 into multiple independent sub-segments, allowing the overall second temperature zone to be further refined and graded for control, thereby improving the temperature uniformity within the second temperature zone.

[0060] Similarly, by setting several second intermediate electrodes 124 between the third electrode 122 and the fourth electrode 123, the temperature uniformity in the third temperature zone can be effectively improved.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, one first intermediate electrode 114 and one second intermediate electrode 124 are provided.

[0062] Specifically, depending on the size and temperature uniformity requirements of the shroud and heating components, multiple first intermediate electrodes 114 and multiple second intermediate electrodes 124 can be set, with adjacent electrodes having opposite polarities.

[0063] By setting multiple electrodes, temperature uniformity can be better achieved, but too many electrodes will lead to complex circuit wiring; therefore, preferably, there is only one first intermediate electrode 114 and one second intermediate electrode 124.

[0064] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the length ratio of the first intermediate electrode 114 to the first electrode 112 is greater than or equal to 5:1.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature range of the first temperature zone is 60~65℃; the temperature range of the second temperature zone is 45~50℃; and the temperature range of the third temperature zone is 45~50℃.

[0066] The first difference ranges from 10 to 20℃; the second difference ranges from 1 to 2℃.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first conductive fabric substrate 111 and the second conductive fabric substrate 121 both include an inorganic fiber fabric and a graphene layer deposited on the surface of the inorganic fiber fabric.

[0068] Specifically, the graphene layer has excellent electrical conductivity and specific surface area. After being deposited on the surface of inorganic fiber fabric, it can form a continuous and uniform conductive network, thereby effectively improving the overall electrothermal conversion efficiency of the conductive fabric and achieving a faster heating response speed. The inorganic fiber fabric includes quartz fiber fabric, glass fiber fabric, ceramic fiber fabric, alumina fiber fabric or boron fiber fabric.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first electrode 112, the second electrode 113, and the first intermediate electrode 114 are all formed on the first conductive fabric substrate 111 by plasma spraying or electroplating; the third electrode 122, the fourth electrode 123, and the second intermediate electrode 124 are formed on the second conductive fabric substrate 121 by plasma spraying or electroplating.

[0070] Specifically, both plasma spraying and electroplating processes can achieve a strong bond between the electrode and the conductive fabric substrate, forming a dense and stable electrode structure. This avoids failures such as peeling and cracking during long-term thermal cycling or mechanical vibration, thereby enhancing the structural stability and service life of the system.

[0071] In a second aspect of the invention, an air intake shroud is also provided, including a housing and an electric heating assembly 1, wherein the electric heating assembly 1 is disposed inside the housing, a first temperature zone is disposed corresponding to the tip of the housing, and a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone extend rearward from the tip of the housing and cover it.

[0072] Specifically, the first temperature zone is set to coincide with the tip of the shell, which can achieve key heating treatment of the near-tip part of the fairing, effectively solving the problems of insufficient heating and delayed de-icing in the tip area in the prior art, and enhancing the anti-icing and de-icing capabilities of key positions; the second and third temperature zones cover the fairing from the tip to the rear in sequence, achieving uniform heating of the fairing perimeter.

[0073] Understandably, the electric heating component 1 is conformally located inside the fairing housing, which has good fit and high integration. It does not affect the fairing's shape and aerodynamic performance, and is conducive to the system achieving efficient de-icing without increasing the burden of additional structures.

[0074] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an air intake fairing, which includes the following steps:

[0075] A graphene layer is deposited on an inorganic fiber fabric to form a conductive fabric substrate. The conductive fabric substrate is cut according to the air intake hood structure to prepare a first conductive fabric substrate 111 and a second conductive fabric substrate 121.

[0076] According to the preset electrode trajectory, a first electrode 112 and a second electrode 113 are set on a first conductive fabric substrate 111 to form a first heating element 11, and a third electrode 122 and a fourth electrode 123 are set on a second conductive fabric substrate 121 to form a second heating element 12. A plurality of second heating elements 12 are set, and the first heating elements 11 and the second heating elements 12 are arranged and combined to form an electric heating assembly 1.

[0077] The electric heating component 1 is combined with resin heating to form the electric heating component 1 prepreg; the multilayer fiber prepreg 2 and the electric heating component 1 prepreg are laid in sequence, and the electric heating component 1 prepreg is placed between the two layers of fiber prepreg 2 near the outer side to form a preform.

[0078] The preform is solidified and shaped.

[0079] Specifically, the resin is epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is combined with the electric heating component 1 by heating to form the electric heating component 1 prepreg. The fiber prepreg 2 is cut according to the structure of the air intake shroud using computer-aided industrial design software. The fiber prepreg 2 and the electric heating component 1 prepreg are laid layer by layer. The electric heating component 1 prepreg is laid on the outermost layer so that the electric heating component 1 prepreg is located between the two outermost layers of fiber prepreg 2 to form a preform. It is then sent to an autoclave for high-temperature curing.

[0080] Because the matrix is ​​made of inorganic fiber fabric and graphene layer, there are gaps between the fiber monomers. After the resin is compounded with the conductive fabric matrix, the resin penetrates into the gaps of the conductive fabric matrix, thereby avoiding delamination and further ensuring the stability of the structure.

[0081] Reference Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the electrode width is 3 mm and the thickness is 80 μm; the conductive fabric substrate is made by depositing a graphene layer on the surface of a glass fiber fabric, the sheet resistance of the conductive fabric substrate is 4700 Ω / sq, and 32 g / m³ is used. 2 An epoxy resin film is laid on each of the upper and lower surfaces of the conductive fabric substrate. The film is then coated at 80°C and -0.1 bar for 30 minutes to produce the prepreg for the electric heating component 1. Multilayer fiber prepreg 2 is then laid on top of the prepreg for the electric heating component 1, and the prepreg for the electric heating component 1 is placed between the two layers of fiber prepreg 2 near the outer edge. The mixture is then cured in an autoclave at -0.5 bar and 150°C for 4 hours to produce the air intake hood.

[0082] Reference Figure 5 As shown, an infrared test image of the electric heating component 1 of the air intake shroud was obtained by energizing the component with a variable voltage. It can be seen that the temperature is highest at the tip of the air intake shroud, which can effectively meet the high-temperature de-icing requirements of the tip of the air intake shroud; the temperature of the lower part of the tip of the air intake shroud is relatively uniform, which can achieve uniform de-icing of the entire shroud.

[0083] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an air intake fairing, comprising the following steps:

[0084] A graphene layer is deposited on an inorganic fiber fabric to form a conductive fabric substrate. The conductive fabric substrate is cut according to the air intake hood structure to prepare a first conductive fabric substrate 111 and a second conductive fabric substrate 121.

[0085] According to the preset electrode trajectory, a first electrode 112 and a second electrode 113 are set on a first conductive fabric substrate 111 to form a first heating element 11, and a third electrode 122 and a fourth electrode 123 are set on a second conductive fabric substrate 121 to form a second heating element 12. A plurality of second heating elements 12 are set, and the first heating elements 11 and the second heating elements 12 are arranged and combined to form an electric heating assembly 1.

[0086] Using computer-aided industrial design software, fiber fabric is cut according to the structure of the air intake shroud. Multi-layer fiber fabric and electric heating component 1 are laid out according to the designed layering sequence and then placed in a vacuum chamber after pre-shaping treatment. If fiber fabric slips, it can be pre-shaped using a resin-based adhesive and setting agent.

[0087] The resin is filled into the vacuum chamber so that the resin is completely impregnated with the layers of fiber fabric and electric heating component 1 to form a preform; wherein the resin can be pre-treated to remove bubbles.

[0088] The preform is sent into a curing oven and cured at high temperature.

[0089] Specifically, the method for preparing the air intake fairing according to the fourth aspect of the present invention eliminates the need for high-pressure molds and allows for the integral molding of complex shapes using a flexible vacuum bag, thereby improving overall integrity and aerodynamic performance. The finished product has uniform thickness, reducing aerodynamic performance deviations caused by shape errors.

[0090] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electric heating component used for anti-icing and de-icing of an intake shroud, characterized in that, The electric heating assembly (1) is conformally fitted to the intake shroud, and the electric heating assembly (1) includes: The first heating element (11) extends from the near tip of the air intake shroud to the peripheral wall. The first heating element (11) includes a first conductive fabric substrate (111), and a first electrode (112) and a second electrode (113) disposed on the first conductive fabric substrate (111). The first electrode (112) and the second electrode (113) are both annular structures and are coaxially spaced on both sides of the first conductive fabric substrate (111). The first electrode (112) is close to the tip of the air intake shroud. The first electrode (112) and the tip of the air intake shroud enclose a first temperature zone. The second electrode (113) and the first electrode (112) enclose a second temperature zone. The second heating element (12) is disposed on the peripheral wall of the air intake shroud. The second heating element (12) is disposed adjacent to the first heating element (11). The first heating element (11) and the second heating element (12) are configured in parallel circuit. The second heating element (12) includes a second conductive fabric substrate (121), and a third electrode (122) and a fourth electrode (123) disposed on the second conductive fabric substrate (121). The third electrode (122) and the fourth electrode (123) are arranged in a ring structure and are coaxially spaced on both sides of the second conductive fabric substrate (121). The third electrode (122) and the fourth electrode (123) enclose a third temperature zone. The average temperature of the first temperature zone is higher than the average temperature of the second temperature zone, and the two have a first difference; the average temperature of the second temperature zone is the same as the average temperature of the third temperature zone or the two have a second difference; the first difference is greater than the second difference.

2. The electric heating assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second electrode (113) of the first heating element (11) is disposed adjacent to the third electrode (122) of the second heating element (12) on the adjacent side, and they have the same polarity.

3. The electric heating assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second electrode (113) of the first heating element (11) is disposed adjacent to the third electrode (122) of the second heating element (12) on the adjacent side and has a first gap, and the polarities are opposite.

4. The electric heating assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second heating element (12) is provided in multiple ways. The multiple second heating elements (12) are arranged adjacent to each other on the peripheral wall of the air intake shroud. The multiple second heating elements (12) and the first heating element (11) are arranged in parallel circuit. The fourth electrode (123) of any second heating element (12) and the third electrode (122) of another adjacent second heating element (12) are arranged adjacent to each other and have the same polarity.

5. The electric heating assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second heating element (12) is provided in multiple ways. The multiple second heating elements (12) are arranged adjacent to each other on the peripheral wall of the air intake shroud. The multiple second heating elements (12) and the first heating element (11) are arranged in parallel circuit. The fourth electrode (123) of any second heating element (12) and the third electrode (122) of another adjacent second heating element (12) are adjacent and have a second gap, and their polarities are opposite.

6. The electric heating assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The first heating element (11) further includes a plurality of first intermediate electrodes (114). The first intermediate electrodes (114) are located between the first electrode (112) and the second electrode (113), and are arranged in a ring structure and coaxially. The polarities of any two adjacent electrodes are opposite. The second heating element (12) also includes a plurality of second intermediate electrodes (124). The second intermediate electrodes (124) are located between the third electrode (122) and the fourth electrode (123), and are arranged in a ring structure and coaxially. The polarities of any two adjacent electrodes are opposite.

7. The electric heating assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, One first intermediate electrode (114) and one second intermediate electrode (124) are provided.

8. The electric heating assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The length ratio of the first intermediate electrode (114) to the first electrode (112) is greater than or equal to 5:

1.

9. The electric heating assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, Both the first conductive fabric substrate (111) and the second conductive fabric substrate (121) include an inorganic fiber fabric and a graphene layer deposited on the surface of the inorganic fiber fabric.

10. An air intake fairing, characterized in that, The device includes a housing and an electric heating assembly (1) as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the electric heating assembly (1) is disposed within the housing, a first temperature zone is disposed corresponding to the tip of the housing, and a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone extend rearward from the tip of the housing and cover it.

11. A method for preparing an air intake fairing, used to prepare the air intake fairing of claim 10, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A graphene layer is deposited on an inorganic fiber fabric to form a conductive fabric matrix. The conductive fabric matrix is ​​then cut according to the air intake hood structure to prepare the first conductive fabric matrix (111) and the second conductive fabric matrix (121). According to the preset electrode trajectory, a first electrode (112) and a second electrode (113) are set on the first conductive fabric substrate (111) to form a first heating element (11), and a third electrode (122) and a fourth electrode (123) are set on the second conductive fabric substrate (121) to form a second heating element (12). A plurality of second heating elements (12) are set, and the first heating elements (11) and the second heating elements (12) are arranged and combined to form an electric heating assembly (1). The electric heating component (1) is combined with the resin heating compound to form the electric heating component (1) prepreg. The multilayer fiber prepreg (2) and the electric heating component (1) prepreg are laid in sequence, and the electric heating component (1) prepreg is placed between the two layers of fiber prepreg (2) near the outside to form a preform. The preform is solidified and shaped.

12. A method for preparing an air intake fairing, used to prepare the air intake fairing of claim 10, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A graphene layer is deposited on an inorganic fiber fabric to form a conductive fabric matrix. The conductive fabric matrix is ​​then cut according to the air intake hood structure to prepare the first conductive fabric matrix (111) and the second conductive fabric matrix (121). According to the preset electrode trajectory, a first electrode (112) and a second electrode (113) are set on the first conductive fabric substrate (111) to form a first heating element (11), and a third electrode (122) and a fourth electrode (123) are set on the second conductive fabric substrate (121) to form a second heating element (12). A plurality of second heating elements (12) are set, and the first heating elements (11) and the second heating elements (12) are arranged and combined to form an electric heating assembly (1). The multilayer fiber fabric and the electric heating component (1) are laid out according to the designed lay-up sequence and then placed in the vacuum chamber after pre-forming treatment; The resin is filled into the vacuum cavity so that the resin is completely impregnated with the layers of fiber fabric and electric heating component (1) to form a preform; The preform is then cured and molded.

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