MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) fuze safety and relief safety device and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-electromechanical, and discloses an MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) fuze safety and relief device and a working method thereof. A frame sliding groove is formed in the middle of the security frame, and the medicine cavity sliding block is arranged in the frame sliding groove in a sliding mode. A cantilever beam moving cavity is formed in the security frame, and the recoil safety mechanism is arranged in the cantilever beam moving cavity; the recoil safety mechanism comprises a recoil cantilever beam and a recoil spring; the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam is connected with the inner wall of the cantilever beam movable cavity; the free end of the recoil cantilever beam can move in the direction of the elastic shaft to achieve combination and separation with the medicine cavity sliding block. The recoil spring is arranged between the free end of the recoil cantilever beam and the inner wall of the cantilever beam moving cavity; wherein the axis of the recoil spring is parallel to the direction of the elastic shaft; according to the invention, the stress concentration phenomenon of the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam is obviously reduced, so that the high overload adaptability of the safety mechanism in the fuze is effectively improved, and the reliability of the fuze in an extreme environment is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microelectromechanical technology, and specifically relates to a MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] As a core device for controlling energy release, the fuse mainly realizes the functions of safety protection and reliable detonation. With the development of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology, MEMS technology has been successfully applied to the fuse's safety and detonation device, enabling it to be widely used in fields such as engineering blasting, aerospace, industrial safety, meteorological detection, and weaponry.

[0003] Generally, a fuse typically includes a safety release mechanism, an explosion-proof sequence, and an ignition control mechanism. The safety release mechanism includes a safety system and a safety release device, which is mainly responsible for handling operations, maintaining a safe lock-on state during launch and flight, and accurately releasing the safety after the target conditions are met, so that the fuse enters the ready-to-fire state. Specifically, the safety system is equipped with a multi-level safety mechanism to achieve redundant protection, and the safety release device completes a reliable switch between the "locked" and "released" states under extreme mechanical environments to ensure the safe detonation of the ammunition.

[0004] Currently, existing safety release mechanisms generally suffer from poor adaptability to high overload conditions, directly limiting the reliability of the fuse in extreme environments. Specifically, most existing safety release mechanisms employ a homogeneous cantilever beam structure design for the recoil safety mechanism, which relies on the overall bending deformation of the homogeneous cantilever beam structure caused by recoil acceleration. However, under high overload (e.g., acceleration of 20,000g) impact, the fixed end of the homogeneous cantilever beam structure is prone to brittle fracture due to stress concentration, leading to unexpected release or functional failure of the recoil safety mechanism. This is because the cross-sectional stiffness distribution of the homogeneous cantilever beam structure cannot adapt to the nonlinear changes of dynamic loads and lacks a stress buffering mechanism. For example, the uniform mass distribution at the free end of the homogeneous cantilever beam structure causes the instantaneous stress peak at the fixed end during bending deformation to far exceed the material's yield strength. For instance, the fracture strength of a silicon-based MEMS beam is approximately 1 GPa, while the actual stress can reach 1.5 GPa, thus causing the homogeneous cantilever beam structure to fracture brittlely due to stress concentration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a MEMS fuze safety and deactivation device and its working method, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing safety and deactivation mechanisms generally have poor adaptability to high overload, which directly restricts the reliability of the fuze in extreme environments.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This invention provides a MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device, including a safety frame, a propellant chamber slider, and a recoil safety mechanism; The security frame is provided with a frame slide groove in the middle, and the medicine chamber slider is slidably disposed in the frame slide groove; the security frame is provided with a cantilever beam movable cavity, and the recoil safety mechanism is disposed in the cantilever beam movable cavity; The rear seat safety mechanism includes a rear seat cantilever beam and a rear seat spring; The fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam is connected to the inner wall of the movable cavity of the cantilever beam; the free end of the recoil cantilever beam can move along the direction of the spring axis to achieve engagement and disengagement with the drug cavity slider; the recoil spring is disposed between the free end of the recoil cantilever beam and the inner wall of the movable cavity of the cantilever beam; wherein, the axis of the recoil spring is parallel to the direction of the spring axis.

[0007] Furthermore, the recoil safety mechanism also includes a mass block; The drug chamber slider is provided with a slider slot, and the mass block is disposed at the free end of the recoil cantilever beam; wherein, one end of the mass block is fixedly connected to the side of the free end of the recoil cantilever beam, and the other end of the mass block is fitted into the slider slot.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a centrifugal safety mechanism, which is disposed between the inner wall of the frame slide groove and the drug chamber slider; The centrifugal safety mechanism includes a centrifugal connecting rod and a centrifugal spring; One end of the centrifugal connecting rod is connected to the drug chamber slider, and the other end of the centrifugal connecting rod is connected to one end of the centrifugal spring, and the other end of the centrifugal spring is connected to the inner wall of the frame slide groove; wherein, the axis of the centrifugal spring is perpendicular to the direction of the spring shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, the security frame is also provided with a thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity, and a thermal sensing safety mechanism is provided inside the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity; wherein, the thermal sensing safety mechanism is used to realize the engagement and separation with the drug cavity slider based on the thermal expansion effect and mechanical prestress.

[0010] Furthermore, the thermal safety mechanism includes a thermal locking pin and a thermal sensing component; The security frame is provided with a pin through hole, and the thermal pin is slidably disposed in the pin through hole; the medicine chamber slider is provided with a pin slot, the first end of the thermal pin is fitted in the pin slot, and the second end of the thermal pin extends into the thermal mechanism mounting cavity; The thermal sensing components are inclinedly disposed within the mounting cavity of the thermal sensing mechanism and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the second end of the thermal sensing pin; wherein, one end of the thermal sensing component is connected to the side wall of the thermal sensing pin, and the other end of the thermal sensing component is connected to the inner wall of the mounting cavity of the thermal sensing mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, the thermal sensing component includes a plurality of metal ribs; the plurality of metal ribs are arranged parallel to each other, the first end of the metal rib is connected to the side wall of the thermal sensing pin, and the second end of the metal rib is connected to the inner wall of the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity; wherein, the metal rib is made of a metal thermally sensitive material, the first end of the metal rib is located away from the movable cavity of the cantilever beam, and the second end of the metal rib is located close to the movable cavity of the cantilever beam.

[0012] Furthermore, the surface of the security frame is provided with a thermal sensing window; the thermal sensing window communicates with the mounting cavity of the thermal sensing mechanism, and the thermal sensing window is aligned with the thermal sensing component.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a pre-installation pin; the pre-installation pin is disposed in the frame slide groove, one end of the pre-installation pin is connected to the inner wall of the frame slide groove, and the other end of the pre-installation pin is connected to the drug cavity slider.

[0014] Furthermore, the explosive chamber slider is provided with a detonation transmission hole.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for operating a MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device, comprising: Under normal operating conditions, the free end of the rear cantilever beam remains engaged with the drug chamber slider. In the firing state, due to the recoil force parallel to the projectile axis, the free end of the recoil cantilever beam moves along the projectile axis and away from the propellant chamber slider, thereby separating from the propellant chamber slider to release the recoil safety mechanism; wherein, when the free end of the recoil cantilever beam moves along the projectile axis, the recoil spring is compressed to alleviate the stress concentration phenomenon at the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The MEMS fuze safety and release device provided by this invention, by setting a recoil spring at the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam and aligning the axis of the recoil spring parallel to the direction of the spring shaft, utilizes the flexible deformation of the recoil spring to absorb the dynamic impact of recoil acceleration, converting rigid impact into elastic potential energy and releasing it gradually. This significantly reduces stress concentration at the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam, thereby greatly reducing the risk of brittle fracture and fatigue failure of the recoil cantilever beam under high overload conditions. This effectively improves the high overload adaptability of the fuze's release mechanism, ensuring the reliability of the fuze in extreme environments. Furthermore, based on the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the spring, the buffer efficiency can be adaptively adjusted according to the overload intensity, ensuring the threshold accuracy of the release action while significantly improving the fatigue life of the recoil cantilever beam under cyclic loads. In addition, the spring's geometry is highly compatible with MEMS technology processing, enabling low-cost, high-precision manufacturing of the device and achieving a closed-loop safety mechanism of "release and lock simultaneously."

[0017] Furthermore, by setting a mass block at the free end of the rear seat cantilever beam and fixing the mass block to the free end of the rear seat cantilever beam to form an integrated structure, the risk of collision caused by the free end of the rear seat cantilever beam due to inertial free movement can be effectively avoided while ensuring the safety of the rear seat safety mechanism.

[0018] Furthermore, the centrifugal safety mechanism is positioned between the inner wall of the frame slide groove and the propellant chamber slider, employing a combination of a centrifugal connecting rod and a centrifugal spring. Centrifugal force drives the centrifugal spring to deform, which in turn causes the propellant chamber slider to slide via the centrifugal connecting rod, aligning the detonation hole of the propellant chamber slider to release the safety mechanism. The critical deformation of the spring allows for precise control of the safety release threshold. Secondly, the symmetry and repeatable deformation characteristics of the spring ensure the consistency of the safety release action at high speeds. Simultaneously, it effectively simplifies the machining and assembly process, significantly reducing manufacturing costs. Moreover, it breaks through the traditional reliance on precision manufacturing for centrifugal mechanisms, providing a new paradigm for reliable safety release under complex mechanical environments.

[0019] Furthermore, by setting up a thermally sensitive safety mechanism and based on the thermal expansion effect and mechanical prestress, the combination and separation between the mechanism and the drug cavity slider are realized, forming a thermal-mechanical synergistic safety release logic. This eliminates the need to rely on the linear expansion of a single thermally sensitive material, effectively distinguishes between transient and steady-state temperature fields, and avoids malfunctions caused by environmental interference.

[0020] Furthermore, the thermal sensing component adopts a combination structure of several metal ribs, and the metal ribs are made of thermally sensitive metal material. Under normal service conditions, the preset angle between the metal ribs and the thermal sensing pin ensures that the thermal sensing pin is reliably engaged in the pin slot. Under firing conditions, the temperature of the projectile and fuse rises sharply, causing the thermal sensing pin and metal ribs to generate a temperature-sensitive effect. The metal ribs expand due to the temperature increase and generate mechanical stress, causing the thermal sensing pin to move away from the propellant cavity slider, thereby releasing the safety. Based on the synergistic effect of thermal expansion and mechanical stress, the thermal response speed is accelerated, and the mechanical constraint avoids false triggering in non-target scenarios, significantly improving the reliability of safety release under complex temperature environments.

[0021] The working method of the MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device provided by the present invention possesses all the advantages of the aforementioned MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 An isometric schematic diagram of the MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device provided in the embodiment; Figure 2 A front view of the MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device provided for an embodiment; Figure 3 Rear view of the MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device provided for the embodiment; Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the rear-mounted safety mechanism in the embodiment; Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the thermal protection mechanism in the embodiment.

[0023] Among them, 1 is the security frame, 2 is the blast chamber slider, 3 is the recoil safety mechanism, 4 is the centrifugal safety mechanism, 5 is the thermal safety mechanism, 6 is the pre-installed pin; 7 is the spring shaft; 101 is the frame slide groove, 102 is the cantilever beam movable cavity, 103 is the thermal mechanism mounting cavity, 104 is the pin through hole, 105 is the thermal window; 201 is the detonation hole, 202 is the slider slot, 203 is the pin slot; 301 is the recoil cantilever beam, 302 is the mass block, 303 is the recoil spring; 401 is the centrifugal connecting rod, 402 is the centrifugal spring; 501 is the thermal pin, 502 is the thermal component. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects clearer, the following specific embodiments provide a further detailed description of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0025] Before introducing the proposed solution, let's first explain the concepts involved in this application: Fuze: Also known as fuse, it is the core device in ammunition, explosive devices or weapons used to control the release of energy; it is a control system that uses target information and environmental information to detonate or ignite the warhead charge under predetermined conditions.

[0026] Security mechanism: The security mechanism is an important component of the fuze and a key factor in ensuring the reliability and safety of the fuze. Under non-firing conditions, the security mechanism separates the explosion-proof sequence, preventing the ammunition from detonating and keeping the ammunition in a safe state. When the shell is fired, the safety release devices in the security mechanism release the safety devices in sequence, the slider moves to the designated position, the explosion-proof sequence aligns, and the fuze switches from a safe state to a ready-to-fire state.

[0027] Safety system: This is the core module geometry in the fuze that ensures the ammunition remains absolutely locked in non-target scenarios (such as storage, transportation, and initial launch). It achieves multiple layers of protection through multi-level redundant protection mechanisms (such as mechanical locks, environmental force sensors, and thermal triggers), and the safety system can only be released when all preset conditions (such as recoil acceleration, centrifugal force, and temperature thresholds) are met. For example, a certain type of fuze requires the simultaneous achievement of characteristic recoil force, rotational speed, and temperature conditions to unlock, thereby avoiding the risk of premature detonation caused by maintenance or unexpected impacts. The core objective of the safety system is to achieve "redundant protection and dynamic locking," providing basic safety assurance for the entire life cycle of the ammunition.

[0028] Safety release device: It is responsible for releasing the fuse's safety state to activate the detonation function after predetermined conditions (such as terminal environmental forces or time thresholds) are met. It switches the explosion-proof sequence from "isolation" to "alignment" through physical actions (such as slider movement or pin unlocking). Typical designs of safety release devices include mechanical (such as centrifugal slider driven by centrifugal force), thermal (bimetallic strip bending due to heat to push the pin), and composite (multiple environmental forces triggering together). The key is to accurately determine the safety release conditions and reliably execute the action to ensure a dynamic balance of "locking when it should be locked and releasing when it should be released".

[0029] Explosion-proof sequence: This is a key structure in the fuze that physically isolates the energy transmission path of the explosion. It is used to block the energy transmission channel between the detonator and the main charge when the safety is off. Its core function is to prevent accidental detonation and to accurately align the detonation path after the safety is off to ensure reliable detonation. Typical implementations of explosion-proof sequence include mechanical explosion-proof (such as isolation pins and misaligned detonation holes) and dynamic explosion-proof (such as rotating baffles aligning the detonation holes through centrifugal force). For example, a certain type of fuze adopts a misaligned double-hole design. Before the safety is off, the two holes are misaligned to block the detonation. After the safety is off, the two holes are aligned by the movement of a slider to form a continuous detonation chain.

[0030] This invention provides a MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device, including a safety frame 1, a propellant chamber slider 2, and a recoil safety mechanism 3. The safety frame 1 has a frame groove 101 in its middle, and the propellant chamber slider 2 is slidably disposed within the frame groove 101. The safety frame 1 has a cantilever beam movable cavity 102, and the recoil safety mechanism 3 is disposed within the cantilever beam movable cavity 102. The recoil safety mechanism 3 includes a recoil cantilever beam 301 and a recoil spring 303. The fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 is connected to the inner wall of the cantilever beam movable cavity 102. The free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 can move along the direction of the spring shaft 7, realizing engagement and disengagement with the propellant chamber slider 2. The recoil spring 303 is disposed between the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 and the inner wall of the cantilever beam movable cavity 102. The axis of the recoil spring 303 is parallel to the direction of the spring shaft 7.

[0031] In the above embodiments, by setting a recoil spring at the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam and setting the axis of the recoil spring parallel to the direction of the spring shaft, the dynamic load transmission path of the recoil force is reconstructed, significantly reducing the stress concentration phenomenon at the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam. Specifically, by combining the nonlinear deformation of the spring to absorb impact energy, the stress concentration problem of traditional homogeneous cantilever beams under high overload is effectively alleviated, brittle fracture and plastic deformation at the fixed end of the cantilever beam are avoided, and the structural integrity is ensured under extreme overload conditions. At the same time, the rigid connection between the mass block and the cantilever beam eliminates the collision risk caused by the free movement of inertial components after the fuse is released, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the fuse throughout its entire life cycle.

[0032] The following specific embodiments further explain and illustrate the MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device provided by the present invention: Example As attached Figure 1-5 The present embodiment provides a MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device, including a mounting frame 1, a propellant chamber slider 2, a recoil safety mechanism 3, a centrifugal safety mechanism 4, a thermal safety mechanism 5, and a pre-installed pin 6.

[0033] The mounting frame 1 is arranged parallel to the spring shaft 7, and a frame slide groove 101 is provided in the middle of the security frame 1; the mounting frame 1 is also provided with a cantilever beam movable cavity 102 and a thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity 103, and the cantilever beam movable cavity 102 and the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity 103 are distributed on both sides of the frame slide groove 101.

[0034] The propellant chamber slider 2 is disposed within the frame slide groove 101 and can slide along the frame slide groove 101; wherein, the sliding direction of the propellant chamber slider 2 within the frame slide groove 101 is perpendicular to the direction of the spring shaft 7; the propellant chamber slider 2 is provided with a detonation transmission hole 201; when the MEMS fuze safety and deactivation device is not fully deactivated, a preset misalignment is formed between the detonation transmission hole 201 and the explosion-proof sequence; when the MEMS fuze safety and deactivation device is fully deactivated, the detonation transmission hole 201 and the explosion-proof sequence are aligned.

[0035] The recoil safety mechanism 3 is disposed within the movable cavity 102 of the cantilever beam. The recoil safety mechanism 3 is used to release the safety by engaging and disengaging with the drug cavity slider 2 through the cantilever beam structure based on recoil force. The centrifugal safety mechanism 4 is disposed within the frame slide groove 101 and between the inner wall of the frame slide groove 101 and the drug cavity slider 2. The centrifugal safety mechanism 4 is used to release the safety by moving the drug cavity slider 2 based on centrifugal force. The thermal safety mechanism 5 is disposed within the thermal mechanism mounting cavity 103. The thermal safety mechanism 5 is used to release the safety by engaging and disengaging with the drug cavity slider 2 based on thermal expansion and mechanical stress.

[0036] The recoil safety mechanism 3 includes a recoil cantilever beam 301, a mass block 302, and a recoil spring 303; the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 is connected to the inner wall of the movable cavity 102 of the cantilever beam, and the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 can move along the direction of the spring shaft 7 to realize the engagement and disengagement of the medicine cavity slider 2.

[0037] Specifically, the recoil cantilever beam 301 is disposed within the cantilever beam movable cavity 102 and is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the spring shaft 7; wherein, the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one end of the cantilever beam movable cavity 102, and the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 extends toward the inner wall of the other end of the cantilever beam movable cavity 102; a slider channel is provided on the security frame 1, and the slider channel is disposed between the cantilever beam movable cavity 102 and the frame slide groove 101; wherein, one end of the slider channel communicates with the cantilever beam movable cavity 102, and the other end of the slider channel communicates with the frame slide groove 101; it should be noted that the slider channel is disposed near the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 to serve as a sliding channel for the mass block 302.

[0038] The mass block 302 is disposed on the free end side of the rear seat cantilever beam 301, and the mass block 302 is fixedly connected to the free end of the rear seat cantilever beam 301, so that the rear seat cantilever beam 301 and the mass block 302 form an integral structure; specifically, the first end of the mass block 302 is fixedly connected to the free end side of the rear seat cantilever beam 301; the second end of the mass block 302 passes through the slider channel and extends into the frame slide groove 101; wherein, within the frame slide groove 101, the second end of the mass block 302 can engage and disengage with the medicine cavity slider 2; more specifically, the medicine cavity slider 2 is provided with a slider slot 202, which is used for the engagement between the mass block 302 and the medicine cavity slider 2, that is, the second end of the mass block 302 is fitted into the slider slot 202.

[0039] The recoil spring 303 is disposed between the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 and one inner wall of the movable cavity 102 of the cantilever beam, and is used to convert the rigid impact borne by the recoil cantilever beam 301 into elastic potential energy and release it gradually; specifically, the recoil spring 303 is disposed on the side of the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301, and is disposed away from the mass block 302; one end of the recoil spring 303 is connected to the side of the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301, and the other end of the recoil spring 303 is connected to one inner wall of the movable cavity 102 of the cantilever beam; wherein, the axis of the recoil spring 303 is parallel to the direction of the spring shaft 7.

[0040] In this embodiment, the working principle of the rear recoil safety mechanism 3 is as follows: To address the dynamic failure phenomenon of traditional cantilever beam recoil structures under high overload, this embodiment introduces a recoil spring 303 at the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam 301. The flexible deformation of the recoil spring 303 absorbs dynamic impact energy, gradually converting rigid impact into elastic potential energy. This effectively overcomes the problem of instantaneous brittle failure of traditional cantilever beam recoil structures under ultra-high overload due to rigid connections. Furthermore, based on the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the spring, the recoil spring 303 adaptively adjusts its buffering efficiency according to the overload intensity. This ensures the threshold accuracy of the recoil safety mechanism 3's release action and significantly improves the fatigue life of the recoil cantilever beam 301 under cyclic loads. In addition, the geometric configuration of the recoil spring 303 is highly compatible with microelectromechanical processing technology, enabling low-cost, high-precision manufacturing of complex structures, thus achieving a "lock-on-release" safety closed loop for the recoil safety mechanism 3.

[0041] Secondly, by setting a mass block 302 at the free end of the rear seat cantilever beam 301 and fixing the mass block 302 to the free end of the rear seat cantilever beam 301 to form an integrated structure, it is possible to ensure the safety of the rear seat safety mechanism 3 while preventing secondary collision damage to the fuse by the mass block. That is, through the integrated fixing design of the rear seat cantilever beam 301 and the mass block 302, the collision risk caused by the free movement of the inertial components after the safety mechanism is released is avoided.

[0042] The centrifugal safety mechanism 4 includes a centrifugal connecting rod 401 and a centrifugal spring 402. One end of the centrifugal connecting rod 401 is connected to the end of the medicine chamber slider 2, and the other end of the centrifugal connecting rod 401 is connected to one end of the centrifugal spring 402. The other end of the centrifugal spring 402 is connected to the inner wall of the frame slide groove 101. The centrifugal connecting rod 401 and the centrifugal spring 402 are arranged coaxially and perpendicular to the direction of the spring shaft 7. That is, the axis of the centrifugal spring 402 is perpendicular to the direction of the spring shaft 7.

[0043] In this embodiment, the working principle of the centrifugal safety mechanism 4 is as follows: Traditional centrifugal safety mechanisms, which transmit motion through mechanical linkage components (such as sliders and guide rails), suffer from reliability limitations due to the machining accuracy and wear tolerance of the parts. In this embodiment, a centrifugal connecting rod 401 and a centrifugal spring 402 are sequentially positioned between the inner wall of the chamber slider 2 and the frame groove 101, forming a centrifugal force-spring deformation coupled safety release mechanism. This allows the centrifugal force to directly drive the deformation of the centrifugal spring 402, which in turn drives the chamber slider 2 to slide via the centrifugal connecting rod 401, aligning the detonation hole 201 of the chamber slider 2 and releasing the safety. Furthermore, the critical deformation of the centrifugal spring 402 allows for precise control of the safety release threshold. The symmetry and repeatable deformation characteristics of the spring ensure consistent safety release action at high speeds, while simplifying the machining and assembly process and significantly reducing manufacturing costs.

[0044] The thermal safety mechanism 5 includes a thermal pin 501 and a thermal component 502.

[0045] The security frame 1 is provided with a pin through hole 104, which is located between the frame slide groove 101 and the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity 103; wherein, one end of the pin through hole 104 is connected to the frame slide groove 101, and the other end of the pin through hole 104 is connected to the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity 103.

[0046] The thermal pin 501 is slidably disposed within the pin through hole 104; the medicine chamber slider 2 is provided with a pin slot 203, the first end of the thermal pin 501 is fitted within the pin slot 203, and the second end of the thermal pin 501 extends into the thermal mechanism mounting cavity 103; the thermal component 502 is obliquely disposed within the thermal mechanism mounting cavity 103 and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the second end of the thermal pin 501; wherein, one end of the thermal component 502 is fixed to the side of the thermal pin 501, and the thermal component 502... The other end is fixed to the inner wall of the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity 103; wherein, under normal service conditions, the thermal sensing pin 501 passes through the pin through hole 104 and is inserted into the pin slot 203; under firing conditions, due to the rapid increase in temperature of the projectile and the fuse, the thermal sensing pin 501 and the thermal sensing component 502 generate a temperature sensing effect; due to the inclined setting of the thermal sensing component 502, mechanical stress is generated, which in turn drives the thermal sensing pin 501 to move away from the propellant cavity slider 2, so that the second end of the thermal sensing pin 501 disengages from the pin slot 203, at which time the propellant cavity slider 2 enters the ready-to-trigger state.

[0047] Specifically, the thermal sensing component 502 includes a plurality of metal ribs; the plurality of metal ribs are arranged parallel to each other, the first end of the metal rib is connected to the side wall of the thermal sensing pin 501, and the second end of the metal rib is connected to the inner wall of the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity 103; wherein, the metal rib is made of a metal thermally sensitive material, the first end of the metal rib is disposed away from the cantilever beam movable cavity 102, and the second end of the metal rib is disposed close to the cantilever beam movable cavity 102; it should be noted that disposing the first end of the metal rib away from the cantilever beam movable cavity 102 and the second end of the metal rib close to the cantilever beam movable cavity 102 makes... A preset angle is formed between the metal rib and the side wall of the thermally sensitive pin 501, causing the metal rib to generate mechanical strain when heated. This mechanical strain is then transmitted to the thermally sensitive pin 501, pushing it to move away from the drug chamber slider 2, thereby disengaging the safety device. It should be noted that the entire process is based on the mechanical strain generated by the thermal expansion of the thermistor metal. The preset angle between the metal rib and the thermally sensitive pin 501 is used to transmit and amplify the mechanical stress generated by the temperature change, thereby pushing the thermally sensitive pin 501 to move. When the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature threshold, the movement distance of the thermally sensitive pin 501 reaches a preset displacement value, thereby disengaging the safety device and putting the fuse into a ready-to-trigger state.

[0048] Preferably, the surface of the security frame 1 is provided with a thermal window 105; the thermal window 105 communicates with the thermal mechanism mounting cavity 103, and the thermal window 105 is aligned with the thermal component 502.

[0049] In this embodiment, the working principle of the thermal protection mechanism 5 is as follows: To address the issues of delayed response and environmental misjudgment in existing thermal fuse mechanisms, this embodiment employs a thermally sensing pin 501 and an inclined thermal sensing component 502. The thermal sensing component 502 utilizes a combination structure of several metal ribs to combine thermal expansion effects with mechanical stress release, forming a thermo-mechanical coordinated fuse release logic. Specifically, the heating of the thermally sensing pin 501 and the metal ribs triggers the rapid release of mechanical stress. The deformation of the metal ribs transfers this stress to the thermally sensing pin 501, causing it to disengage from the pin slot 203 as the condition for fuse release. This clear threshold reduces interference from other factors. It can accurately distinguish between transient high temperature inside the barrel and external interference heat; secondly, the thermal sensing component 502 adopts a combination structure of several metal ribs, and the metal ribs are made of metal thermistor material, which can avoid relying on the linear expansion of a single thermistor material, thereby effectively distinguishing between transient and steady-state temperature fields, and thus avoiding the phenomenon of false operation caused by environmental interference; in this embodiment, based on the synergistic effect of thermal expansion and mechanical stress, it not only accelerates the thermal response speed, but also avoids false triggering in non-target scenarios through mechanical constraints, significantly improving the reliability of protection release under complex temperature environments.

[0050] The pre-installation pin 6 is disposed in the frame slide 101. The pre-installation pin 6 is used to prevent accidental damage to the fuse during manufacturing and transportation. Specifically, the pre-installation pin 6 is disposed at one end away from the centrifugal safety mechanism 4. One end of the pre-installation pin 6 is connected to the inner wall of the frame slide 101, and the other end of the pre-installation pin 6 is connected to the drug chamber slider 2.

[0051] The MEMS fuze safety and release device described in this embodiment achieves reliable release and enhanced safety under extreme mechanical conditions through structural dynamics optimization, multi-physics field coordinated triggering, and process integration. Specifically, by setting a recoil spring at the free end of the recoil cantilever beam, the nonlinear buffering mechanism of the spring enables the reconstruction of the dynamic load transfer path, reducing stress concentration and enhancing impact resistance. Secondly, in the centrifugal safety mechanism, the release logic based on centrifugal force-elastic deformation coupling simplifies the traditional mechanical linkage design, and the release threshold is precisely controlled by the critical deformation of the spring. In addition, in the thermal safety mechanism, the coordinated triggering of thermal expansion and mechanical stress enables the use of temperature change and displacement threshold as dual criteria to achieve rapid response and false triggering suppression in transient high temperatures. Furthermore, based on microelectromechanical processes and modular assembly technology, the device meets the requirements of integrated manufacturing and standardized production, balancing the needs of high performance and low-cost mass production. This embodiment systematically solves the contradiction between structural failure, insufficient release accuracy, and process economy of traditional fuzes under high overload environments, providing full-chain technical support for the safety and battlefield adaptability of ammunition.

[0052] In this embodiment, by introducing a recoil spring and a mass block, and through the asymmetric mass distribution and recoil spring design, the stress transmission path of the cantilever beam is reconstructed, significantly reducing local stress concentration and improving impact resistance, while avoiding the collision risk of inertial components after release. A recoil spring with nonlinear stiffness buffering performance is introduced at the free end of the recoil cantilever beam, absorbing dynamic impact energy through flexible deformation, balancing the accuracy of the release threshold and structural durability, and extending the service life of the device. The complex mechanical linkage design is abandoned, and centrifugal force is directly used to drive the deformation of the elastic element to trigger the release, simplifying the action logic, reducing reliance on precision machining, and improving reliability under high-speed environments. Combining thermal expansion effect and mechanical constraints, the transient and steady-state temperature fields are accurately distinguished through dual criteria of temperature change and displacement threshold, solving the response lag and false triggering problems of traditional thermal sensing devices. Microfabrication technology enables integrated manufacturing of key functional units, and combined with modular assembly processes, process complexity and tolerance accumulation are reduced, promoting the mass production economy of high-performance fuses.

[0053] Work methods: The MEMS fuse safety and deactivation device described in this embodiment operates as follows: The MEMS fuse safety and release device is installed parallel to the spring shaft 7; after installation, the pre-installed pin 6 is removed. Under normal operating conditions, the recoil safety mechanism 3, centrifugal safety mechanism 4, and thermal safety mechanism 5 show no significant deformation, and the propellant chamber slider 2 is in its designed original position; in the recoil safety mechanism 3, the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 remains engaged with the propellant chamber slider 2; in the centrifugal safety mechanism 4, the offline spring 402 shows no deformation; in the thermal safety mechanism 5, the thermal pin 501 remains engaged with the pin slot 203.

[0054] In the launch state, the recoil safety mechanism 3, centrifugal safety mechanism 4, and thermal safety mechanism 5 operate independently due to the three conditions of recoil force, centrifugal force, and temperature, until all three safety mechanisms are disengaged, the fuse is released, and the missile enters the ready-to-launch state.

[0055] Specifically, in the recoil safety mechanism 3, due to the recoil force parallel to the projectile axis, the free end of the recoil cantilever beam moves along the projectile axis and away from the propellant chamber slider, thereby separating from the propellant chamber slider and releasing the recoil safety mechanism. When the free end of the recoil cantilever beam moves along the projectile axis, the recoil spring is compressed to alleviate stress concentration at the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam. It should be noted that due to the strong acceleration during launch, an impact response is applied, causing the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 to deflect and momentarily compress the recoil spring 303. At this time, the recoil spring 303 can effectively alleviate stress concentration at the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam 301, preventing damage to the recoil cantilever beam 301. As the deflection further increases, the mass block at the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301 releases the recoil safety mechanism.

[0056] In the thermal safety mechanism 5, as the ambient temperature rises sharply during high-speed flight, the metal ribs in the thermal component 502 undergo thermal expansion, pulling the thermal pin 501 to move away from the drug chamber slider 2, thus releasing the thermal safety mechanism.

[0057] In the offline safety mechanism 4, due to the high-speed rotation during flight, centrifugal force will be generated. Under the action of centrifugal force, the centrifugal spring 402 will be deformed. With the release of the recoil safety mechanism 3 and the thermal safety mechanism 5, the deformation of the centrifugal spring 402 will drive the propellant chamber slider 2 to move through the centrifugal connecting rod 401. When the displacement of the propellant chamber slider 2 reaches the preset length, the propellant chamber slider 2 reaches the designated position, the detonation hole 2 is aligned, and at this time all safety devices are engaged, and the missile enters the ready-to-detonate state.

[0058] The MEMS fuze safety and release device of this invention significantly improves the impact resistance and reliability of the rear safety mechanism 3 by introducing a recoil spring 303 and fixing the mass block 302 to the free end of the recoil cantilever beam 301. Specifically, by introducing a recoil spring 303 into the recoil safety mechanism 3, the nonlinear deformation of the recoil spring 303 absorbs impact energy, effectively alleviating the stress concentration problem of traditional homogeneous cantilever beams under high overload, realizing the reconstruction of the dynamic load transmission path, effectively avoiding brittle fracture and plastic deformation at the fixed end of the cantilever beam, ensuring structural integrity under extreme overload conditions, and eliminating the collision risk caused by the free movement of inertial components after release of the safety mechanism through the rigid connection between the mass block 302 and the recoil cantilever beam 301, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the fuze throughout its entire life cycle.

[0059] In this invention, a centrifugal safety mechanism 4 is constructed by introducing a combination of a centrifugal connecting rod 401 and a centrifugal spring 402, achieving high-precision threshold control and simplified manufacturing process. Specifically, a composite release mechanism is adopted, where centrifugal force directly drives the deformation of the centrifugal spring 402, eliminating the need for precision components such as sliders and guide rails required in traditional mechanical linkages. The symmetry and repeatable deformation characteristics of the spring are utilized to precisely trigger the release action when the critical deformation is reached under centrifugal force, without relying on complex processing techniques. Furthermore, through standardized spring stiffness calibration and modular assembly design, threshold drift caused by part processing errors is significantly reduced, while simplifying the production process and reducing processing costs, thereby elevating the consistency and reliability of the release action of the centrifugal safety mechanism 4 to a new level.

[0060] In this invention, a thermally sensitive pin 501 and a thermally sensitive component 502 are introduced into the thermally sensitive safety mechanism 5. Through the synergistic design of thermal expansion effect and mechanical preload release, a thermo-mechanical coupling triggering logic is constructed. Specifically, the thermally sensitive pin 501 expands due to heat, pushing the preload spring to release rapidly. Combined with the dual criteria of temperature change rate and absolute threshold, it can accurately distinguish between transient high temperature inside the chamber and external interference heat sources. This mechanism improves the thermal response speed to the millisecond level and uses mechanical constraints to avoid false triggering in non-target scenarios, effectively enhancing the response speed and environmental discrimination capability of the thermally sensitive safety mechanism 5. This enables the rapid and accurate release action in complex temperature environments, significantly reducing the risk of duds or premature detonation.

[0061] The MEMS fuze safety and deactivation device described in this invention is based on an integrated manufacturing technology of cantilever beam-spring-mass block using microelectromechanical processes, combined with a modular assembly process. This solves the problems of tolerance accumulation and high costs caused by traditional separate processing. Photolithography and etching processes enable monolithic integration of complex structures, ensuring high-precision matching of functional units; the snap-fit ​​assembly design of the centrifugal and thermal sensing components simplifies production steps. This solution not only reduces mass production costs to less than half that of traditional processes but also improves yield to industry-leading levels through automated testing and standardized production, laying the foundation for the large-scale application of high-performance fuzes.

[0062] In this invention, the design of the recoil spring and centrifugal spring conforms to MEMS technology. Secondly, the integrated micromachining technology of cantilever beam-spring-mass block realizes the monolithic integration of key structures. Through photolithography and etching technology based on microelectromechanical processes, complex geometric features can be formed simultaneously, ensuring high-precision matching of functional units. The modular assembly design of the centrifugal safety mechanism and the thermal safety mechanism greatly simplifies the production process. It not only solves the problem of integrating heterogeneous materials, but also reduces the mass production cost to less than half of the traditional process while ensuring performance through standardized manufacturing and automated production, laying a solid foundation for the large-scale application of high overload fuses.

[0063] The above embodiments are merely one of the implementation methods for achieving the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, but also includes any variations, substitutions and other implementation methods that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A MEMS fuze safety and deactivation device, characterized in that, Includes a security frame (1), a drug chamber slider (2), and a recoil safety mechanism (3); The security frame (1) is provided with a frame slide groove (101) in the middle, and the medicine chamber slider (2) is slidably disposed in the frame slide groove (101); the security frame (1) is provided with a cantilever beam movable cavity (102), and the rear recoil safety mechanism (3) is disposed in the cantilever beam movable cavity (102); The rear seat safety mechanism (3) includes a rear seat cantilever beam (301) and a rear seat spring (303). The fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam (301) is connected to the inner wall of the movable cavity (102) of the cantilever beam; the free end of the recoil cantilever beam (301) can move along the direction of the spring shaft (7) to achieve engagement and disengagement with the drug cavity slider (2); the recoil spring (303) is disposed between the free end of the recoil cantilever beam (301) and the inner wall of the movable cavity (102) of the cantilever beam; wherein, the axis of the recoil spring (303) is parallel to the direction of the spring shaft (7).

2. The MEMS fuze security and deactivation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The recoil safety mechanism (3) also includes a mass block (302); The drug cavity slider (2) is provided with a slider slot (202), and the mass block (302) is provided at the free end of the rear seat cantilever beam (301); wherein, one end of the mass block (302) is fixedly connected to the side of the free end of the rear seat cantilever beam (301), and the other end of the mass block (302) is fitted in the slider slot (202).

3. The MEMS fuze safety and deactivation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a centrifugal safety mechanism (4), which is disposed between the inner wall of the frame slide (101) and the drug chamber slider (2); The centrifugal safety mechanism (4) includes a centrifugal connecting rod (401) and a centrifugal spring (402). One end of the centrifugal connecting rod (401) is connected to the drug chamber slider (2), and the other end of the centrifugal connecting rod (401) is connected to one end of the centrifugal spring (402). The other end of the centrifugal spring (402) is connected to the inner wall of the frame slide groove (101). The axis of the centrifugal spring (402) is perpendicular to the direction of the spring shaft (7).

4. The MEMS fuze security and deactivation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The security frame (1) is also provided with a thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity (103), and a thermal sensing safety mechanism (5) is provided in the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity (103); wherein, the thermal sensing safety mechanism (5) is used to realize the connection and separation between the thermal sensing mechanism and the drug cavity slider (2) based on the thermal expansion effect and mechanical prestress.

5. A MEMS fuze safety and deactivation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thermal safety mechanism (5) includes a thermal plug (501) and a thermal component (502); The security frame (1) is provided with a pin through hole (104), and the thermal pin (501) is slidably disposed in the pin through hole (104); the medicine chamber slider (2) is provided with a pin slot (203), the first end of the thermal pin (501) is fitted in the pin slot (203), and the second end of the thermal pin (501) extends into the thermal mechanism mounting cavity (103); The thermal sensing component (502) is inclinedly disposed in the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity (103) and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the second end of the thermal sensing pin (501); wherein, one end of the thermal sensing component (502) is connected to the side wall of the thermal sensing pin (501), and the other end of the thermal sensing component (502) is connected to the inner wall of the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity (103).

6. A MEMS fuze security and deactivation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thermal sensing component (502) includes a plurality of metal ribs; the plurality of metal ribs are arranged parallel to each other, the first end of the metal rib is connected to the side wall of the thermal sensing pin (501), and the second end of the metal rib is connected to the inner wall of the thermal sensing mechanism mounting cavity (103); wherein, the metal rib is made of a metal thermally sensitive material, the first end of the metal rib is located away from the movable cavity (102) of the cantilever beam, and the second end of the metal rib is located close to the movable cavity (102) of the cantilever beam.

7. A MEMS fuze safety and deactivation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The surface of the security frame (1) is provided with a thermal window (105); the thermal window (105) is in communication with the thermal mechanism mounting cavity (103), and the thermal window (105) is aligned with the thermal component (502).

8. A MEMS fuze security and deactivation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pre-installation pin (6); the pre-installation pin (6) is disposed in the frame slide groove (101), one end of the pre-installation pin (6) is connected to the inner wall of the frame slide groove (101), and the other end of the pre-installation pin (6) is connected to the drug cavity slider (2).

9. A MEMS fuze safety and deactivation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detonation hole (201) is provided on the blast chamber slider (2).

10. The operating method of the MEMS fuze security and deactivation device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Under normal working conditions, the free end of the rear seat cantilever beam (3) remains engaged with the drug chamber slider (2); In the firing state, due to the recoil force parallel to the projectile axis (7), the free end of the recoil cantilever beam (3) moves along the projectile axis (7) and away from the propellant chamber slider (2), thereby separating from the propellant chamber slider (2) to release the recoil safety mechanism (3); wherein, when the free end of the recoil cantilever beam (3) moves along the projectile axis (7), the recoil spring (303) is compressed to alleviate the stress concentration phenomenon at the fixed end of the recoil cantilever beam (3).

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