Portable optical cable depth intelligent detector

Abstract

The application provides a portable optical cable depth intelligent detector, and belongs to the technical field of underground pipeline detection. The portable optical cable depth intelligent detector comprises a shell, a multimodal sensing unit integrated in the shell, a main control and data processing unit, a man-machine interaction unit and a power supply unit. The multimodal sensing unit comprises an electromagnetic induction sensor, a ground penetrating radar sensor and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The main control and data processing unit runs a data fusion algorithm, fuses and processes multi-source sensing data, and dynamically corrects parameters of an electromagnetic induction model according to a soil dielectric constant detected by the radar through an adaptive calibration module. The application overcomes the defects that a single detection principle is easy to be disturbed and depends on experience through multimodal sensing complementation and intelligent information fusion, significantly improves the precision, reliability and efficiency of metal and non-metal optical cable depth measurement under different soil conditions, and realizes continuous acquisition, intelligent interpretation and information management of the depth data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground pipeline detection technology, specifically to a portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector. Background Technology

[0002] As the cornerstone of modern communications, the safe and stable operation of fiber optic networks is of paramount importance. The burial depth of fiber optic cables is a key indicator of their safety; insufficient depth can easily lead to interruptions due to construction excavation, natural settlement, and other factors. Therefore, rapid and accurate inspection of fiber optic cable burial depth is an essential task.

[0003] Currently, traditional methods for detecting burial depth mainly rely on a single technological principle. One is the use of detectors based on electromagnetic induction, which estimate depth by identifying the electromagnetic field generated by the metal reinforcing core or armor layer of the optical cable. While this method is sensitive to metallic targets, it is easily affected by electromagnetic interference from nearby pipelines and is completely ineffective for all-non-metallic optical cables. Furthermore, its measurement accuracy is greatly affected by soil conductivity. The second method is based on ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology, which emits electromagnetic waves into the ground and receives the reflected signals, inferring the target depth by analyzing the echo time difference. While this method can detect non-metallic targets, its data interpretation is extremely complex, heavily reliant on operator experience, and in complex soil compositions (such as high clay or high humidity), radar wave energy attenuates rapidly, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio, making it difficult to accurately identify and locate target optical cables.

[0004] In summary, the existing technology has limitations: 1) It has a single function, and one device cannot be compatible with the detection of both metallic and non-metallic optical cables; 2) It has poor anti-interference ability and is easily affected by environmental factors (soil quality, nearby pipelines); 3) It requires high professional operation, especially GPR equipment, which is difficult to popularize; 4) It is inefficient, and the measurement results are mostly isolated points, making it difficult to form digital and visualized pipeline path and burial depth records.

[0005] To address this, a portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the problems mentioned in the background art by providing a portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector.

[0007] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0008] A portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector includes:

[0009] The housing has an integral handle on its exterior.

[0010] A multimodal sensing unit, integrated within the housing, is used to synchronously acquire burial depth sensing data of the optical cable under test. It includes an electromagnetic induction sensor and a ground-penetrating radar sensor.

[0011] The main control and data processing unit is disposed inside the housing and electrically connected to the multimodal sensing unit, and is used to receive and process the burial depth sensing data;

[0012] A human-computer interaction unit is disposed on the surface of the housing and connected to the main control and data processing unit, used to receive user commands and display detection results;

[0013] The power supply unit, located inside the housing, is used to power the entire detector;

[0014] The main control and data processing unit is configured to run a data fusion algorithm to fuse data from electromagnetic induction sensors and ground penetrating radar sensors in order to calculate and output the burial depth of the optical cable.

[0015] The aforementioned portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in the multimodal sensing unit, which is used to collect attitude and motion trajectory data of the detector during movement. The main control and data processing unit is further configured to perform motion compensation on the detection positions of the electromagnetic induction sensor and the ground penetrating radar sensor based on the IMU data, and assist in generating a path trajectory map of the optical cable.

[0016] The aforementioned portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector uses a data fusion algorithm based on particle filtering, which fuses the preliminary depth signal output by the electromagnetic induction sensor with the ground-penetrating radar sensor's ground reflection wave signal to suppress environmental noise and improve the accuracy and robustness of depth measurement.

[0017] The aforementioned portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector further includes an adaptive calibration module in the main control and data processing unit. This module is configured to dynamically correct the depth calculation model parameters of the electromagnetic induction sensor based on the soil dielectric constant information fed back by the ground penetrating radar sensor, in order to adapt to different soil conditions.

[0018] In the aforementioned portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector, a flat reference plate is provided at the bottom of the housing, and the antenna array of the ground penetrating radar sensor is embedded in the flat reference plate to ensure that the antenna remains in parallel contact with the ground during detection.

[0019] In the aforementioned portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector, the handle is covered with a rubber layer, and a power switch is installed on the handle.

[0020] The aforementioned portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector includes a human-machine interface unit comprising a touch screen, a group of function buttons, and an audible and visual alarm. The touch screen is used to display in real time the burial depth value of the optical cable, historical depth curves, optical cable path trajectory, and status information of the portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector.

[0021] The aforementioned portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector also integrates a GPS / BeiDou positioning module and a wireless communication module; the main control and data processing unit is configured to bind the detected depth data with its corresponding geographic coordinates and upload it to a cloud server or remote management center through the wireless communication module.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for detecting the burial depth of optical cables based on the above-mentioned portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1: Start the portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector and set the detection parameters through the human-machine interaction unit;

[0024] S2: Place the portable fiber optic cable burial depth intelligent detector on the ground above the fiber optic cable route and move it along the route;

[0025] S3: The multimodal sensing unit simultaneously acquires electromagnetic induction data and ground-penetrating radar data;

[0026] S4: The main control and data processing unit calls the data fusion algorithm to perform real-time fusion processing on the two types of data and calculate the accurate burial depth value;

[0027] S5: Display the burial depth, location information, and optical cable trajectory in real time on the human-machine interaction unit, and determine whether the depth is lower than the preset threshold. If so, trigger an alarm.

[0028] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described optical cable burial depth detection method.

[0029] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector provided by this invention combines hardware integration of multi-modal sensing units (electromagnetic induction sensor, ground penetrating radar sensor, IMU) with software intelligent processing based on data fusion algorithm and adaptive calibration module, resulting in significant synergistic technical effects.

[0031] 1. Comprehensive improvement in measurement performance: By combining the advantages of electromagnetic induction precise positioning and radar direct ranging through data fusion algorithms, the inherent defects of single sensing principle are effectively overcome. This makes the detector more reliable, accurate and adaptable to the environment in terms of target recognition specificity, anti-electromagnetic interference capability, penetration and resolution in complex strata.

[0032] 2. A Leap in Operational Intelligence and Efficiency: The introduction of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) enables motion compensation and automatic trajectory mapping, transforming the inspection work from tedious single-point measurement to efficient continuous path surveying. Combined with the intuitive display and audible and visual alarm functions of the human-machine interface unit, it greatly reduces the technical threshold and experience requirements for operators, and enables real-time on-site interpretation and early warning of inspection results.

[0033] 3. Enhanced versatility and robustness: The adaptive calibration module uses the dielectric constant information detected by the ground penetrating radar sensor to dynamically correct the model parameters of the electromagnetic induction sensor, realizing automatic adaptation to different soil conditions. This eliminates the main source of error, namely the change in soil conductivity, and enables the equipment to maintain consistent measurement accuracy and stability in different regions and seasons.

[0034] 4. Information-based transformation of inspection management: By integrating GPS / BeiDou positioning modules and wireless communication modules, each set of depth data is bound to geographic coordinates and uploaded to the cloud, generating digital optical cable paths and burial depth archives. This lays the data foundation for building an intelligent pipeline operation and maintenance system based on digital twins, and completely changes the inefficient management model that relies on paper records and manual data entry later. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the use of the portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0037] Figure 3 The depth measurement continuity curve of this invention is based on measured data such as 1.23m and 1.25m in the embodiments, which simulates and displays the trend of burial depth change of the entire route.

[0038] Figure 4 The error rate optimization curve of this invention shows the comparison between the 5-8% error rate of traditional single sensor and the 2-4% error rate after multi-mode fusion.

[0039] Figure 5 The graph showing the improved detection efficiency of this invention demonstrates that the continuous path survey mode improves efficiency by more than 80% compared to the traditional point measurement method.

[0040] In the attached image:

[0041] 1. Housing; 2. Handle; 3. Human-computer interaction unit; 4. Flat reference plate. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual images. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0044] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present application. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" or similar designation indicating a connection between components should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] The portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector provided in this embodiment, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, it includes: a housing 1, a multimodal sensing unit, a main control and data processing unit, a human-machine interaction unit 3, and a power supply unit, wherein:

[0048] The outer surface of the housing 1 is integrally provided with a handle 2;

[0049] The multimodal sensing unit is integrated into the housing 1 and is used to synchronously acquire the burial depth sensing data of the optical cable under test. It includes an electromagnetic induction sensor and a ground penetrating radar sensor.

[0050] The main control and data processing unit is located inside the housing 1 and is electrically connected to the multimodal sensing unit to receive and process burial depth sensing data.

[0051] The human-machine interaction unit 3 is disposed on the surface of the housing 1 and is connected to the main control and data processing unit. It is used to receive user commands and display detection results.

[0052] The power supply unit is located inside the housing 1 and is used to power the entire detector;

[0053] The main control and data processing unit is configured to run a data fusion algorithm to fuse data from electromagnetic induction sensors and ground penetrating radar sensors in order to calculate and output the burial depth of the optical cable.

[0054] By integrating an electromagnetic induction sensor and a ground-penetrating radar sensor into a portable housing 1 and employing a data fusion algorithm, a synergistic multiplication of technical effects is achieved, enhancing the overall performance of depth measurement. Electromagnetic induction excels at precisely locating optical cables (especially those with metal reinforcing cores), but it is ineffective against non-metallic targets and is susceptible to interference; ground-penetrating radar can directly detect underground interfaces, but its interpretation is complex. The fusion of these two methods overcomes the inherent limitations of single-sensor principles, enabling the detector to possess both the ability to specifically identify optical cable targets and the ability to directly measure the distance from the ground surface to the target. This significantly improves the reliability, accuracy, and environmental adaptability of measurements without sacrificing portability.

[0055] Specifically, in this embodiment, the multimodal sensing unit also includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for collecting attitude and motion trajectory data of the detector during its movement; the main control and data processing unit is further configured to: perform motion compensation on the detection positions of the electromagnetic induction sensor and the ground penetrating radar sensor based on the data from the IMU, and assist in generating a path trajectory map of the optical cable.

[0056] By setting up an inertial measurement unit (IMU), firstly, motion compensation can effectively eliminate errors in sensor readings caused by shaking and tilting when the operator moves the handheld device, improving data stability and accuracy during continuous mobile measurements; secondly, by recording motion trajectories, it enables a leap from single-point depth measurement to continuous path mapping, automatically generating geographical route maps of optical cables, greatly facilitating route surveys and record management, and improving detection efficiency.

[0057] Specifically, in this embodiment, the data fusion algorithm is a particle filter-based sensor fusion algorithm, which fuses the preliminary depth signal output by the electromagnetic induction sensor with the ground-penetrating radar sensor output by the ground reflection wave signal to suppress environmental noise and improve the accuracy and robustness of depth measurement.

[0058] Employing advanced data fusion algorithms such as particle filtering enables intelligent data processing. These algorithms can dynamically estimate the optimal state of the system and effectively suppress the influence of random noise and accidental interference in the environment. By fusing the "positioning" signal from electromagnetic induction and the "range" signal from radar, the algorithm can output a more accurate, stable, and robust final result than any single sensor data, solving the problem of measurement failure or large errors caused by poor signal quality in complex underground environments.

[0059] Specifically, in this embodiment, the main control and data processing unit also includes an adaptive calibration module, which is configured to dynamically correct the depth calculation model parameters of the electromagnetic induction sensor based on the soil dielectric constant information fed back by the ground penetrating radar sensor, so as to adapt to different soil conditions.

[0060] The adaptive calibration module enables the detector to "self-optimize." The significant differences in conductivity and dielectric constant among different soil types directly affect the detection depth of the electromagnetic induction method and the propagation speed of radar waves. This scheme utilizes the dielectric constant information measured by radar to calibrate the electromagnetic induction model in real time, dynamically eliminating systematic errors introduced by soil variations. This ensures consistent measurement accuracy in soils of varying regions and with different levels of moisture, greatly enhancing the detector's versatility and practicality.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, a flat reference plate 4 is provided at the bottom of the housing 1, and the antenna array of the ground penetrating radar sensor is embedded in the flat reference plate 4 to ensure that the antenna remains in parallel contact with the ground during detection.

[0062] The use of a flat reference plate with an embedded antenna array improves the accuracy of the measurement reference and ensures that the ground-penetrating radar sensor antenna maintains good and consistent coupling with the ground. If the antenna is tilted, the transmission and reception directions of the radar waves will change, causing the depth sounding principle to fail and introducing significant errors. This design eliminates the main human error caused by improper operation (such as equipment not being placed flat), ensuring the original accuracy of the radar measurement data and providing a reliable foundation for subsequent data fusion.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment, the handle 2 is covered with a rubber layer, and a power switch is installed on the handle 2. The rubber layer improves the grip and anti-slip properties of the handle 2, and the power switch controls the power on and off of the detector, so that it can be turned off in time when not in use to save energy.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment, the human-computer interaction unit 3 includes a touch screen, a group of function buttons, and an audible and visual alarm; the touch screen is used to display the burial depth value of the optical cable, the historical depth curve, the optical cable path trajectory, and the status information of the portable optical cable burial depth intelligent detector in real time.

[0065] The human-machine interface unit is designed to make the inspection process more intuitive and intelligent. The touchscreen displays a variety of information (numerical values, curves, trajectories), transforming abstract electrical signals and radar waveforms into easily understandable visual results, greatly reducing the professional barrier for operators. The audible and visual alarm function enables real-time on-site interpretation and early warning of inspection results. If insufficient burial depth is detected, an immediate alert is issued, avoiding delays in post-incident processing and improving the efficiency and quality of inspection work.

[0066] Specifically, in this embodiment, the detector also integrates a GPS / BeiDou positioning module and a wireless communication module (such as 4G / 5G or Wi-Fi); the main control and data processing unit is configured to bind the detected depth data with its corresponding geographic coordinates and upload it to the cloud server or remote management center through the wireless communication module.

[0067] By integrating positioning and communication modules, the system enables informatization and remote management of inspection work. Binding inspection data to geographic coordinates gives each set of depth data a clear spatial attribute, generating valuable spatial infrastructure data. Wireless transmission to the cloud enables real-time aggregation, archiving, analysis, and sharing of inspection data, supporting intelligent pipeline operation and maintenance management based on digital twin technology, fundamentally changing the inefficient traditional paper-based record-keeping and post-entry model.

[0068] Specifically, in this embodiment, rollers can be installed on both sides of the bottom of the housing 1 for easy movement, which facilitates movement along the optical cable during the detection process and brings convenience to the user.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, the burial depth calculation equation used in the data fusion algorithm is:

[0070]

[0071] in:

[0072] D is the estimated burial depth of the optical cable after fusion;

[0073] S represents the signal strength output by the electromagnetic induction sensor;

[0074] t represents the echo time of the ground-penetrating radar sensor;

[0075] ε r The relative permittivity of the soil obtained by real-time radar inversion;

[0076] c is the speed of light;

[0077] k is the calibration coefficient of the electromagnetic induction sensor;

[0078] The weights of the electromagnetic induction sensor, relative to the current signal-noise variance. Inversely proportional; The weights of the radar sensors, and the variance of the current radar echo noise. Inversely proportional.

[0079] Equation derivation process:

[0080] 1. Electromagnetic induction model:

[0081] The depth estimated by electromagnetic induction is inversely proportional to the square root of the signal strength S, that is:

[0082]

[0083] Where k is a calibration coefficient related to the transmitting current, coil spacing, etc.

[0084] 2. Radar depth sounding model:

[0085] The relationship between radar echo time t and depth D is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] in This represents the speed at which electromagnetic waves propagate through the soil.

[0088] 3. Adaptive weighted fusion:

[0089] To improve robustness, a weighted average fusion method is used:

[0090]

[0091] weight w e ,w r The value is taken as the reciprocal of the current measurement noise variance of each sensor, in order to achieve noise suppression and adaptive reliability.

[0092] 4. This fusion formula is based on the principle of 'inverse weighting of noise variance': the lower the noise of the sensor (such as when the electromagnetic induction signal is stable)... The smaller the weight, the greater the weight, ensuring that the fusion result relies more on highly reliable data, which conforms to the core logic of the data fusion algorithm of 'optimal estimation'.

[0093] Example: Suppose in a certain measurement: S = 2500 (units); k = 500; t = 12 ns; ε r =9; but:

[0094]

[0095] The final fusion result was 20cm, which is closer to the electromagnetic induction result, but constrained by radar data, thus avoiding the shallow deviation of electromagnetic induction.

[0096] Further parameter descriptions:

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Technical effects:

[0100] 1. Adaptive weight adjustment: Dynamically allocates weights based on the real-time signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor to improve reliability in harsh environments;

[0101] 2. Soil adaptability: through ε r Automatically corrects radar wave velocity to adapt to different soil types;

[0102] 3. Noise suppression: Inverse variance weighting effectively suppresses sudden interference;

[0103] 4. Physical interpretability: Each term in the equation has a clear physical meaning, which facilitates debugging and verification.

[0104] Working principle and process:

[0105] The workflow of this burial depth calculation equation in the portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector is as follows:

[0106] 1. Data Acquisition and Preprocessing:

[0107] The electromagnetic induction sensor collects the signal strength S in real time;

[0108] Ground penetrating radar sensors acquire echo time t and invert the soil dielectric constant ε. r ;

[0109] The system estimates the noise variance of electromagnetic induction and radar data in real time. and

[0110] 2. Independent depth calculation:

[0111] Calculate the depth of electromagnetic induction

[0112] Calculate radar depth

[0113] 3. Adaptive weight calculation:

[0114] Calculate sensor weights based on noise variance:

[0115]

[0116] 4. Fusion computing:

[0117] Use a weighted average to fuse the two depth values:

[0118]

[0119] 5. Output and Feedback:

[0120] Output the fused burial depth value D;

[0121] ε as needed r Feedback is sent to the electromagnetic induction model for parameter calibration, improving the accuracy of subsequent measurements.

[0122] Summarize:

[0123] This equation was achieved through a combination of physical model-driven and data-driven approaches:

[0124] Multi-sensor complementarity: combining the positioning capability of electromagnetic induction with the direct depth measurement capability of radar;

[0125] Environmental Adaptation: Dynamically adjust model parameters and weights based on dielectric constant and noise variance;

[0126] Strong robustness: It can maintain high measurement accuracy and stability even in complex underground environments.

[0127] Example 2

[0128] This embodiment provides a method for detecting the burial depth of optical cables based on the portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector in Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0129] S1: Start the portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector and set the detection parameters through the human-machine interaction unit 3;

[0130] S2: Place the portable fiber optic cable burial depth intelligent detector on the ground above the fiber optic cable route and move it along the route;

[0131] S3: The multimodal sensing unit simultaneously acquires electromagnetic induction data and ground-penetrating radar data;

[0132] S4: The main control and data processing unit calls the data fusion algorithm to perform real-time fusion processing on the two types of data and calculate the accurate burial depth value;

[0133] S5: Display the burial depth, location information, and optical cable trajectory in real time on the human-machine interaction unit 3, and determine whether the depth is lower than the preset threshold. If so, trigger an alarm.

[0134] This method defines a standardized, automated, and efficient workflow. Through steps S1-S5, it solidifies the complex process of multi-sensor data acquisition, fusion calculation, result output, and judgment, ensuring that regardless of the operator's skill level, reliable and consistent detection results can be obtained by following the optimal steps, thus guaranteeing the reproducibility of the method and the quality of the detection results.

[0135] Example 3

[0136] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the optical cable burial depth detection method in Embodiment 2.

[0137] This computer storage medium enables the invention to be implemented not only as a hardware device, but also as a software license and deployment, thus broadening the scope of protection and application scenarios of the invention.

[0138] Example 4: An example of a use case

[0139] Scene name: Emergency safety inspection of nearby main communication optical cables before the construction of urban road widening project.

[0140] Scene background:

[0141] To alleviate traffic congestion, a city plans to widen and renovate "Shengli Road." The municipal construction team reported that a crucial backbone fiber optic cable is buried beneath the planned sidewalk excavation area, but the original blueprints are incomplete, and its exact route and burial depth are unknown. If severed during construction, it would cause widespread network and communication outages, resulting in significant economic losses and social impact. To ensure construction safety, the pipeline maintenance unit received an urgent task: within 24 hours, they must accurately map the cable's path and burial depth and identify all points of insufficient burial depth posing a danger.

[0142] Challenges faced by traditional methods:

[0143] Complex environment: The road section has a dense network of underground pipelines (gas, water, electricity), which seriously interferes with the single electromagnetic induction method.

[0144] The soil conditions are variable: the roadbed is backfill soil, and recent rainfall has caused uneven soil moisture, resulting in large changes in soil conductivity and dielectric constant. Whether using electromagnetic induction or traditional ground penetrating radar, the measured values ​​are prone to drift and have poor reliability.

[0145] High efficiency requirements: Dense measurements need to be taken on a road section of hundreds of meters. Traditional point measurement methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, making it difficult to complete on time.

[0146] High precision requirements: It is necessary to accurately locate "shallow points" with a burial depth less than the standard requirement (e.g., 0.8 meters) so that the construction party can focus on protection or relocate them.

[0147] The detection process using the present invention:

[0148] 1. Task begins: Technician Xiao Wang from the maintenance team arrives at the site. He takes a portable intelligent fiber optic cable burial depth detector from the engineering vehicle. The device is lightweight. He grasps the handle 2 on the device housing 1, presses the power switch with his thumb, and the device starts up.

[0149] 2. Device Initialization: Through the touch screen of the human-machine interface unit 3, Xiao Wang selected "fiber optic mode" and set the depth alarm threshold to 0.8 meters. The device's built-in GPS / BeiDou positioning module automatically started working to acquire initial location information.

[0150] 3. Start testing: Based on the general direction, Xiao Wang placed the flat reference plate 4 at the bottom of the device close to the road surface, at the suspected starting point of the route. He held the handles 2 with both hands and began to move slowly and steadily along the roadside, like pushing a small handcart.

[0151] 4. Intelligent fusion and adaptive calibration in operation:

[0152] 4.1 The multimodal sensing units are all activated the moment the device moves.

[0153] 4.2 The electromagnetic induction sensor first captures a strong signal, the signal bar on the screen instantly reaches full strength, and a continuous beeping sound is emitted, indicating that there is a metal target (the metal reinforcing core of the optical cable) directly below.

[0154] 4.3 Simultaneously, the ground-penetrating radar sensor transmits a beam into the ground. Due to the moist soil, the radar wave attenuates quickly, but a clear reflection interface is still successfully captured. The main control and data processing unit preliminarily calculates a depth value based on the echo time.

[0155] 4.4 However, there is a discrepancy between the original radar depth and the electromagnetic induction depth. At this point, the data fusion algorithm comes into play. It establishes a system model, using radar data as the observation benchmark while also referencing the changing trends of the electromagnetic induction signal. Through recursive calculation, it outputs a fused, stable, optimal depth estimate of "1.23 meters" on the screen.

[0156] 4.5 Meanwhile, the adaptive calibration module detected that the soil dielectric constant calculated by the radar was very high (indicating that the soil was moist). It automatically inferred that the current soil conductivity was relatively high, and dynamically corrected the depth calculation model parameters of the electromagnetic induction sensor accordingly, thus eliminating the measurement deviation caused by the high humidity soil.

[0157] 5. Continuous mapping and alarm:

[0158] 5.1 No need to stop, the device can be continuously pushed forward. The built-in IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) performs motion compensation in real time, ensuring that even on uneven ground, the measurement data will not be distorted by slight bumps in the device.

[0159] 5.2 On the touch screen, a clear optical cable path is drawn in real time as he moves, and the current depth value (such as "1.25m" or "1.18m") jumps above the path in real time.

[0160] 5.3 When moving to a suspected backfill area, the device suddenly emitted a sharp audible and visual alarm! The depth value displayed on the screen was "0.65 meters" (flashing red), and a danger mark was automatically added to the geographical coordinates obtained by the GPS / BeiDou positioning module.

[0161] 6. Marking and Re-inspection: Xiao Wang immediately stopped and made a clear mark on the spot with spray paint. He briefly moved the equipment back and forth at this point to re-inspect, and the equipment consistently reported that the depth of the point was between 0.60 and 0.70 meters, confirming it as a major hidden danger point.

[0162] 7. Complete the task and upload the data:

[0163] 7.1 About an hour later, Xiao Wang completed the inspection of the entire 500-meter section of road and found three points where the burial depth was insufficient.

[0164] 7.2 Inspection complete. He clicked the "Generate Report" button on the screen, and the device automatically uploaded a complete inspection report, including the path trajectory map, depth curve, and precise geographic coordinates of all hazard points, to the company's pipeline resource management platform via the 4G / 5G wireless communication module.

[0165] 7.3 The platform immediately generated a digital warning map that could be used to guide construction and simultaneously provided it to the municipal construction party.

[0166] Scene effects:

[0167] The portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector of this invention successfully overcame challenges such as electromagnetic interference and variable soil conditions in this complex application scenario, completing the inspection task efficiently, accurately, and reliably. Its multi-sensor fusion and adaptive calibration capabilities ensure data accuracy; its continuous measurement and automatic trajectory mapping functions greatly improve efficiency; and its real-time alarm and geographic information binding functions directly enable on-site location and digital archiving of potential hazards. Ultimately, it effectively prevented a potentially major communication accident, fully demonstrating its technological advancement and significant practical value.

[0168] It is worth noting that the ground-penetrating radar sensor used in this application is based on the principle of high-frequency electromagnetic wave detection. It emits high-frequency electromagnetic waves of 100MHz-500MHz into the ground and calculates the burial depth by receiving the reflected waves at the interface between the optical cable and the stratum, combined with the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the soil (inverted from the soil dielectric constant). This is different from electromagnetic wave technology that relies on mechanical vibration propagation and can realize the detection of non-metallic / metallic optical cables in the underground depth range of 0.3-3m.

[0169] Specific parameters for the electromagnetic induction sensor may be: detection frequency: 10kHz-50kHz; number of coil turns: 200 turns; coil diameter: 50mm; signal amplification gain: 40dB.

[0170] Specific parameters for a ground-penetrating radar sensor may be: center frequency: 300MHz; antenna array: 2-element transceiver; detection resolution: ≤5cm; scan rate: 10 lines / s.

[0171] Specific parameters for the inertial measurement unit (IMU) can be: gyroscope drift rate: ≤10° / h; accelerometer accuracy: ±0.1g; data update frequency: 100Hz; coordinate system: ENU (East-North-Sky).

[0172] GPS / BeiDou module: Positioning accuracy (single point positioning: 1-3m; supports RTK differential: 0.1-0.5m); Positioning update frequency: 1Hz; Cold start time: ≤30s;

[0173] Wireless communication module: Type (4GCat.1); Model (SIM868); Communication protocol (MQTT); Data upload rate: ≥10kbps; Supports offline caching (local storage ≥100,000 data entries).

[0174] In summary, the working principle of the portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0175] 1. Synchronous Data Acquisition: When the operator moves the device by holding the handle 2 on the housing 1, the multimodal sensing unit starts working. The electromagnetic induction sensor continuously collects magnetic field signals to locate the optical cable and outputs preliminary depth information; the ground penetrating radar sensor emits electromagnetic waves into the ground through its antenna and receives reflected waves to obtain information about the geological interface; the IMU synchronously records the device's attitude, acceleration, and displacement data.

[0176] 2. Data Preprocessing and Compensation: The main control and data processing unit receives all raw data. First, motion compensation is performed on the spatial position of the radar and electromagnetic induction data using IMU data to correct errors caused by equipment tilting and shaking.

[0177] 3. Intelligent Fusion and Computation: The core data fusion algorithm begins operation. It fuses the depth value calculated by radar with the characteristic values ​​of the electromagnetic induction signal. The algorithm establishes a system model, using radar data as the observation benchmark and changes in the electromagnetic induction signal as the basis for state updates. Through recursive computation, it optimally estimates the true burial depth of the optical cable and effectively suppresses environmental noise.

[0178] 4. Adaptive Calibration: Simultaneously, the adaptive calibration module begins operation. It extracts the soil dielectric constant used in radar depth calculation, maps the equivalent soil conductivity through an internal model, and uses this parameter to dynamically optimize the depth-signal response model of the electromagnetic induction sensor, making it more adaptable to the current soil environment and providing more accurate input for the next fusion calculation.

[0179] 5. Results Output and Interaction: The final accurate real-time depth value, the path map generated from the IMU trajectory, and the geographic coordinates obtained by the positioning module are all sent to the touch screen of the human-machine interaction unit 3 for visualization. If the depth is lower than a preset threshold, an audible and visual alarm will immediately sound. All data can be automatically uploaded via the wireless communication module.

[0180] How to use

[0181] 1. Preparation: Hold handle 2 and turn on the power switch. After the system starts up, set the detection parameters, such as fiber optic cable type and alarm depth threshold, through the touch screen.

[0182] 2. Start testing: Place the flat reference plate 4 at the bottom of the device steadily on the ground directly above the known or suspected optical cable route.

[0183] 3. Moving along the route: Keep the equipment stable and move slowly and at a constant speed in a straight line along the expected route of the optical cable. The leveling reference plate 4 and rollers help maintain stability.

[0184] 4. Real-time monitoring: During movement, the operator requires no complex operations; simply observe the touchscreen display. The screen updates in real time, displaying the current depth value, depth change curve, device movement trajectory, and map location.

[0185] 5. Response and Recording: If the audible and visual alarm sounds, it indicates that the current burial depth is insufficient. The location should be recorded (the equipment will automatically record the coordinates). Continue moving until the entire route has been inspected.

[0186] 6. Data Upload: After the inspection is completed, the device can automatically package and upload all the data (depth, trajectory, coordinates) of this inspection to the background management system through the wireless communication module to generate an inspection report.

[0187] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should recognize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector, characterized in that, include: The housing (1) has an integral handle (2) on its exterior. A multimodal sensing unit, integrated within the housing (1), is used to synchronously acquire burial depth sensing data of the optical cable under test. It includes an electromagnetic induction sensor and a ground-penetrating radar sensor. The main control and data processing unit is located inside the housing (1) and is electrically connected to the multimodal sensing unit for receiving and processing the burial depth sensing data. The human-computer interaction unit (3) is disposed on the surface of the housing (1) and connected to the main control and data processing unit, and is used to receive user instructions and display detection results; The power supply unit is located inside the housing (1) and is used to power the entire detector; The main control and data processing unit is configured to run a data fusion algorithm to fuse data from electromagnetic induction sensors and ground-penetrating radar sensors in order to calculate and output the burial depth of the optical cable. The multimodal sensing unit also includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for collecting attitude and motion trajectory data of the detector during movement; the main control and data processing unit is further configured to: perform motion compensation on the detection positions of the electromagnetic induction sensor and the ground penetrating radar sensor based on the data from the IMU, and assist in generating the path trajectory map of the optical cable; the data fusion algorithm is a sensor fusion algorithm based on particle filtering, which fuses the preliminary depth signal output by the electromagnetic induction sensor with the ground reflection wave signal output by the ground penetrating radar sensor to suppress environmental noise and improve the accuracy and robustness of depth measurement; the main control and data processing unit also includes an adaptive calibration module, which is configured to: dynamically correct the depth calculation model parameters of the electromagnetic induction sensor according to the soil dielectric constant information fed back by the ground penetrating radar sensor to adapt to different soil conditions; a flat reference plate (4) is provided at the bottom of the housing (1), and the antenna array of the ground penetrating radar sensor is embedded in the flat reference plate (4) to ensure that the antenna remains in parallel contact with the ground during detection; The burial depth calculation equation used in the data fusion algorithm is: in: D is the estimated burial depth of the optical cable after fusion; S represents the signal strength output by the electromagnetic induction sensor; t represents the echo time of the ground-penetrating radar sensor; ε r The relative permittivity of the soil obtained by real-time radar inversion; c is the speed of light; k is the calibration coefficient of the electromagnetic induction sensor; , where is the weight of the electromagnetic induction sensor, and is the variance of the current signal noise. Inversely proportional; , where is the weight of the radar sensor, and is the variance of the current radar echo noise. Inversely proportional.

2. The portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The handle (2) is covered with a rubber layer and a power switch is installed on the handle (2).

3. The portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The human-computer interaction unit (3) includes a touch screen, a group of function buttons and an audible and visual alarm; the touch screen is used to display the burial depth value of the optical cable, the historical depth curve, the optical cable path trajectory and the status information of the portable optical cable burial depth intelligent detector in real time.

4. The portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detector also integrates a GPS / BeiDou positioning module and a wireless communication module; the main control and data processing unit is configured to bind the detected depth data to its corresponding geographic coordinates and upload it to a cloud server or remote management center through the wireless communication module.

5. A method for detecting the burial depth of optical cables based on the portable intelligent optical cable burial depth detector according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Start the portable optical cable burial depth intelligent detector and set the detection parameters through the human-computer interaction unit (3); S2: Place the portable fiber optic cable burial depth intelligent detector on the ground above the fiber optic cable route and move it along the route; S3: The multimodal sensing unit simultaneously acquires electromagnetic induction data and ground-penetrating radar data; S4: The main control and data processing unit calls the data fusion algorithm to perform real-time fusion processing on the two types of data and calculate the accurate burial depth value; S5: Display the burial depth, location information and optical cable trajectory in real time on the human-machine interaction unit (3), and determine whether the depth is lower than the preset threshold. If so, trigger an alarm.

6. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the optical cable burial depth detection method as described in claim 5.

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