An ecological protection red line optimization range determination method and system

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines, comprising: acquiring the assessment results of dominant ecosystem services for each spatial scale unit within a target area at different spatial scales; acquiring landscape pattern index data for each spatial scale unit within the target area at different spatial scales; analyzing the driving force of landscape pattern indices on dominant ecosystem services at different spatial scales to determine the optimized spatial scale; identifying abrupt change points in landscape pattern indices and determining landscape pattern index thresholds based on the changing trends of dominant ecosystem services with landscape pattern indices at the optimized spatial scale; and identifying spatial scale units within the target area that do not meet the landscape pattern index threshold requirements, wherein the ecological protection red line area is the optimized scope. This invention determines the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines based on the dynamic coupling relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem services, ensuring the scientific and rational nature of ecological protection red line optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of geographic information systems, landscape ecology and ecosystem services, and specifically to a method and system for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines. Background Technology

[0002] The ecological protection red line system is a core means of maintaining regional ecological security. Since its implementation, researchers have constructed a relatively complete theoretical framework for delineating ecological protection red lines by integrating diverse data on ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, and biodiversity. In recent years, developments in landscape ecology have also provided new optimization dimensions for the spatial allocation of ecological protection red lines. Studies have shown that structural integrity and spatial connectivity in landscape pattern characteristics have a significant impact on the provision of ecosystem services. For example, good landscape connectivity can promote species migration and gene exchange, maintaining ecosystem stability and health; while a complete landscape structure helps improve ecosystem services and ensure the sustainable development of ecosystems.

[0003] The delineation of ecological protection red lines faces two major technical bottlenecks in practice: First, the complexity of ecosystems leads to significant differences in the mechanisms of landscape structure and ecosystem services at different spatial scales, making it difficult for single-scale analysis to accurately depict the actual state of landscape structure and ecosystem services. Second, the existing theoretical framework for delineation lacks a systematic consideration of multi-scale effects, resulting in optimization schemes with poor scale adaptability and insufficient spatial accuracy. In practical applications, due to the neglect of multi-scale effects, a disconnect often exists between landscape composition and configuration and ecosystem service needs within regional ecological protection red lines, greatly weakening the effectiveness of ecological protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method and system for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines. This application determines the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines based on the multi-scale dynamic coupling relationship between landscape patterns and ecosystem services, which can ensure the scientificity and rationality of the spatial optimization of ecological protection red lines.

[0005] On the one hand, this application provides a method for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines, including:

[0006] S100: At different spatial scales, obtain assessment results of one or more dominant ecosystem services for each spatial scale unit within the target area; wherein, the method for obtaining the assessment results of each dominant ecosystem service is as follows:

[0007] S110: Construct a raster model of the target region;

[0008] S120: Assess the dominant ecosystem services for each grid cell separately;

[0009] S130: Sum the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of all grids within each spatial scale unit, i.e., the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of each spatial scale unit.

[0010] S200: At different spatial scales, acquire one or more landscape pattern index data for each spatial scale unit within the target area;

[0011] S300: Based on the assessment results of dominant ecosystem services obtained in step S100 and the landscape pattern index data obtained in step S200, the factor detection module of the geographic detector is used to determine the quantitative contribution of each landscape pattern index to each dominant ecosystem service. Based on the quantitative contribution data, the driving degree of landscape pattern index on dominant ecosystem services at different spatial scales is analyzed, and the spatial scale with the highest driving degree is taken as the optimization spatial scale.

[0012] S400: Identify abrupt change points from the changing trends of dominant ecosystem services with landscape pattern indicators at the optimized spatial scale, and determine the threshold of each landscape pattern indicator based on the landscape pattern indicator values ​​corresponding to the abrupt change points.

[0013] S500: Obtain spatial scale units in the target area that do not meet the threshold requirements of landscape pattern indicators under the optimization spatial scale, as the area to be optimized. The ecological protection red line area in the area to be optimized is the ecological protection red line optimization range.

[0014] Specifically, the target area is either the river basin or an administrative region.

[0015] Specifically, the spatial scale can be selected from various options, including grid scale, county scale, and sub-basin scale, as needed.

[0016] Specifically, dominant ecosystem services include one or more of the following: raw material production, soil conservation, water conservation, flood control, water purification, carbon sequestration, air purification, recreation, and habitat quality services.

[0017] Specifically, sub-step S110 further includes:

[0018] S111: Rasterize the target area;

[0019] S112: Resample the data required to assess dominant ecosystem services into raster data, and perform location-based matching between the raster data and the raster to obtain a raster model of the target area.

[0020] Specifically, landscape pattern indicators should be selected based on integrity and / or connectivity.

[0021] Specifically, the methods for determining the optimized scope of the ecological protection red line also include:

[0022] The assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services in the target area before and after the implementation of the ecological protection red line were obtained, and the implementation effectiveness of the ecological protection red line was evaluated by using the changes in the assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services before and after implementation.

[0023] The method for obtaining the assessment results of each dominant ecosystem service in the target area is as follows: sum the assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services of all grids in the target area, which is the assessment result of the dominant ecosystem services of the target area.

[0024] Furthermore, the methods for determining the optimized scope of the ecological protection red line also include:

[0025] The contribution rate of the ecological protection red line to each dominant ecosystem service was obtained, and the contribution rate was used to assess the contribution of the ecological protection red line to ecosystem services.

[0026] The method for obtaining the contribution rate of the ecological protection red line to each dominant ecosystem service is as follows: sum the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of all grids within the ecological protection red line area to obtain the dominant ecosystem service assessment result of the ecological protection red line; the ratio of the dominant ecosystem service assessment result of the ecological protection red line to the dominant ecosystem service assessment result of the target area is the contribution rate.

[0027] Furthermore, the contribution rate is used to assess the contribution of ecological protection red lines to ecosystem services, including:

[0028] The contribution rate to each dominant ecosystem service is compared with the area proportion A0. When the contribution rate is greater than A0, it indicates that the implementation of the ecological protection red line has made a significant contribution to ecosystem services. The area proportion A0 refers to the area proportion of the ecological protection red line area in the target region.

[0029] On the other hand, this application provides a system for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines, comprising:

[0030] The first unit is used to obtain assessment results of one or more dominant ecosystem services in each spatial scale unit within the target area at different spatial scales; wherein, the first unit further includes:

[0031] The first sub-unit is used to construct the grid model of the target area;

[0032] The second sub-unit is used to assess the dominant ecosystem services of each grid separately;

[0033] The third subunit is used to sum the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of all grids within each spatial scale unit, i.e., the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of each spatial scale unit.

[0034] The second unit is used to obtain one or more landscape pattern index data for each spatial scale unit within the target area at different spatial scales.

[0035] The third unit is used to determine the quantitative contribution of each landscape pattern index to each dominant ecosystem service based on the dominant ecosystem service assessment results obtained in the first unit and the landscape pattern index data obtained in the second unit, using the factor detection module of the geographic detector. Based on the quantitative contribution data, the driving degree of the landscape pattern index on the dominant ecosystem service at different spatial scales is analyzed, and the spatial scale with the highest driving degree is taken as the optimization spatial scale.

[0036] The fourth unit is used to identify abrupt change points from the changing trends of dominant ecosystem services with landscape pattern indicators at the optimized spatial scale, and to determine the threshold of each landscape pattern indicator based on the landscape pattern indicator values ​​corresponding to the abrupt change points.

[0037] The fifth unit is used to obtain spatial scale units in the target area that do not meet the threshold requirements of landscape pattern indicators under the optimization spatial scale, which are used as areas to be optimized. The ecological protection red line area in the area to be optimized is the optimization range of the ecological protection red line.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0039] This application integrates the dynamic coupling relationship between multi-scale landscape patterns and ecosystem services, and determines the spatial analysis scale based on this coupling relationship. At the same time, based on the analysis of the driving effect of landscape pattern indicators on ecosystem service indicators and the identification results of key thresholds, the optimization range of ecological protection red lines is determined. Based on the determined optimization range, an optimization scheme for ecological protection red lines is constructed, which can ensure the scientificity and rationality of the optimization of ecological protection red lines. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method described in this application;

[0041] Figure 2 The results of the dominant ecosystem service assessment of the target area before and after the implementation of the ecological protection red line are shown in the example.

[0042] Figure 3 In the example, the contribution rate of the ecological protection red line to the services of each dominant ecosystem is shown.

[0043] Figure 4 This example illustrates the driving force analysis of landscape pattern indicators on the dominant ecosystem service system at different spatial scales.

[0044] Figure 5 The example shows the changing trend of dominant ecosystem services in a county-level spatial unit as a function of landscape pattern indicators.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the optimized range of the ecological protection red line in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] The following will combine Figure 1 The specific implementation process of the ecological protection red line optimization method in this application is provided, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0048] S100: At different spatial scales, obtain assessment results of one or more dominant ecosystem services in each spatial scale unit within the target area; the target area can be a watershed or an administrative region;

[0049] Specifically, the spatial scale can be selected from various spatial scales, such as grid scale, county scale, and sub-basin scale, as needed. The spatial scale unit is the basic unit of different spatial scales; for the grid scale, its basic unit is the grid; for the county scale, its basic unit is the area enclosed by the county-level administrative boundary.

[0050] Specifically, the dominant ecosystem services are determined based on the ecological protection red line delineation scheme for the target area and / or the actual ecological characteristics of the target area. In some embodiments, the dominant ecosystem services include soil conservation, water conservation, flood regulation, and habitat quality services.

[0051] Specifically, the methods for obtaining the assessment results of each dominant ecosystem service are as follows:

[0052] S110: Construct a raster model of the target region;

[0053] S120: Assess the dominant ecosystem services for each grid cell separately;

[0054] S130: Use the zoning statistics tool in ArcGIS software to sum the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of the raster within each spatial scale unit, i.e., the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of each spatial scale unit.

[0055] Step S110 above further includes:

[0056] S111: Use ArcGIS software to rasterize the target area;

[0057] S112: Resample the data into raster data, and perform location-based matching between the raster data and the raster to obtain the raster model of the target area; wherein, the data is the data required to assess the dominant ecosystem services, including but not limited to land use data, soil data, meteorological data, hydrological data, and DEM data of the target area.

[0058] In sub-step S120, the assessment of ecosystem services is based on existing technology, and mature models can be directly used for quantitative assessment of ecosystem services, such as the InVEST model and the FRESF model (FRESF: the Flood Regulation Ecosystem Services Flow). In some embodiments, the habitat quality module, water conservation module, and soil conservation module in the InVEST model are used to assess habitat quality, water conservation, and soil conservation services, respectively, and the FRESF model is used to assess flood regulation services.

[0059] S200: At different spatial scales, acquire one or more landscape pattern index data for each spatial scale unit within the target area;

[0060] Specifically, landscape pattern indicators are selected that are related to landscape integrity and / or connectivity. For example, in some embodiments, the landscape pattern indicators selected are patch density (PD) and aggregation index (AI). Patch density (PD) is used to characterize landscape integrity; the higher the PD value, the higher the fragmentation and the worse the integrity. Aggregation index (AI) is used to characterize landscape connectivity; the higher the AI ​​value, the higher the connectivity.

[0061] S300: Based on the assessment results of dominant ecosystem services obtained in step S100 and the landscape pattern index data obtained in step S200, the factor detection module of the geographic detector is used to determine the quantitative contribution of each landscape pattern index to each dominant ecosystem service. Based on the quantitative contribution data, the driving degree of landscape pattern index on dominant ecosystem services at different spatial scales is analyzed, and the spatial scale with the highest driving degree is taken as the optimization spatial scale.

[0062] The value of quantitative contribution is related to the degree of driving force. The larger the value of quantitative contribution, the higher the degree of driving force. Therefore, when quantitative contribution data of landscape pattern indicators to each dominant ecosystem service are obtained at different spatial scales, the degree of driving force of landscape pattern indicators to dominant ecosystem services at different spatial scales can be analyzed based on the quantitative contribution data.

[0063] The dominant ecosystem service assessment results and landscape pattern index data used in this step are the dominant ecosystem service assessment results and landscape pattern index data after the implementation of the ecological protection red line.

[0064] S400: Based on the changing trends of dominant ecosystem services with landscape pattern indicators at the optimized spatial scale, identify abrupt change points of landscape pattern indicators, and determine the threshold of each landscape pattern indicator based on the values ​​of the landscape pattern indicators corresponding to the abrupt change points.

[0065] The changing trends of ecosystem services obtained in this step with landscape pattern indicators represent the changing trends after the implementation of the ecological protection red line.

[0066] When landscape pattern indicators are selected that are related to integrity and / or connectivity, the threshold values ​​for the landscape pattern indicators are integrity thresholds and / or connectivity thresholds.

[0067] Specifically, the STARS algorithm is used to detect inflection points in the trend of change, namely the abrupt change points of landscape pattern indicators. The threshold of landscape pattern indicators is determined by taking the values ​​of landscape pattern indicators corresponding to all abrupt change points as a reference.

[0068] Furthermore, when there are multiple dominant ecosystem services, the sequential t-test analysis algorithm is used to detect the inflection points in the changing trends of landscape pattern indicators of each dominant ecosystem service, i.e., the abrupt change points of landscape pattern indicators. Then, the landscape pattern indicator values ​​corresponding to all abrupt change points are used as references to determine the threshold of landscape pattern indicators.

[0069] S500: Obtain spatial scale units in the target area that do not meet the threshold requirements of landscape pattern indicators under the optimization spatial scale, as the area to be optimized. The ecological protection red line area in the area to be optimized is the ecological protection red line optimization range.

[0070] Furthermore, the above methods for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines also include: obtaining the assessment results of each dominant ecosystem service in the target area before and after the implementation of the ecological protection red line, and using the changes in the assessment results of each dominant ecosystem service before and after implementation to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the ecological protection red line.

[0071] Specifically, the assessment results of each dominant ecosystem service in the target area before and after the implementation of the ecological protection red line were obtained separately. This was done by first selecting typical years before and after the implementation of the ecological protection red line, and then obtaining the assessment results of each dominant ecosystem service in the target area under each typical year.

[0072] Specifically, the method for obtaining the assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services in the target area is as follows: the assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services of all grids in the target area are summed using the zoning statistics tool in ArcGIS software to obtain the assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services in the target area.

[0073] Furthermore, the above methods for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines also include: obtaining the contribution rate of ecological protection red lines to each dominant ecosystem service, and using the contribution rate to assess the contribution of ecological protection red lines to ecosystem services.

[0074] Specifically, the method for obtaining the contribution rate of the ecological protection red line to each dominant ecosystem service is as follows: using the zoning statistics tool in ArcGIS software, the assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services of all grids within the ecological protection red line area are summed to obtain the assessment result of the dominant ecosystem services of the ecological protection red line; the ratio of the assessment result of the dominant ecosystem services of the ecological protection red line to the assessment result of the dominant ecosystem services of the target area is the contribution rate.

[0075] Specifically, the contribution rate is used to assess the contribution of ecological protection red lines to ecosystem services, including:

[0076] The contribution rate to each dominant ecosystem service is compared with the area proportion A0. When the contribution rate is greater than A0, it indicates that the implementation of the ecological protection red line has made a significant contribution to ecosystem services. The area proportion A0 refers to the area proportion of the ecological protection red line area in the target region.

[0077] Specifically, the method for obtaining the area proportion A0 is as follows: first, obtain the vector boundary data of the target area and the ecological protection red line respectively, and then calculate the area proportion of the ecological protection red line in the target area based on the vector boundary data.

[0078] Example

[0079] In this embodiment, the target area is Hubei Province. The dominant ecosystem services include soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), flood regulation (FR), and habitat quality services (BM). The spatial scales include grid scale and county scale. The grid size is 5km*5km. The landscape pattern indicators include patch density (PD) and aggregation index (AI), which are used to characterize integrity and connectivity, respectively.

[0080] The InVEST and FRESF models were used to quantitatively evaluate the assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services in the target area before and after the implementation of the ecological protection red line in this embodiment. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2 In the figures, 2010-2015 represents the period before the implementation of the ecological protection red line, and 2015-2020 represents the period after the implementation of the ecological protection red line. Figures (a)-(d) show the assessment results of habitat quality services (BM), soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), and flood control (FR), respectively. Figure 2 It can be seen that soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), and flood regulation (FR) all increased significantly, while habitat quality services (BM) did not change significantly, indicating that the implementation of ecological protection red lines can affect ecosystem services.

[0081] Please see Figure 3The figure shows the contribution rate of the ecological protection red line to the services of each dominant ecosystem in this embodiment. Figure 3 It can be seen that the area of ​​the ecological protection red line in the target area accounts for 19.34% of the total area. The contribution rates of the ecological protection red line to soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), flood regulation (FR), and habitat quality services (BM) are 34.46%, 21.81%, 28.23%, and 24.03%, respectively, all of which are greater than the area proportion of A0. This indicates that the implementation of the ecological protection red line has a significant contribution to changes in ecosystem services.

[0082] At both the grid and county scales, data on dominant ecosystem services assessments and landscape pattern indicators were acquired for each spatial unit within the target area. Based on these data, a driving analysis of the influence of each landscape pattern indicator on the dominant ecosystem services was conducted. Specifically, landscape pattern indicators were used as independent variables, and dominant ecosystem services as dependent variables. The factor detection module of the geographic detector was used to determine the explanatory power of the independent variables on the dependent variables, i.e., the quantitative contribution of the landscape pattern index to the dominant ecosystem service system.

[0083] Please see Figure 4 The figure shows the quantitative contribution values ​​of various landscape pattern indicators to each dominant ecosystem service system at different spatial scales. AI_C and AI_G represent the quantitative contributions of the aggregation index AI to each dominant ecosystem service system at the county and grid scales, respectively, while PD_C and PD_G represent the quantitative contributions of patch density PD to each dominant ecosystem service system at the county and grid scales, respectively. Figure 4 A simple analysis of the quantitative contribution data shows that at the county level, patch density (PD) and aggregation index (AI) have a higher driving effect on dominant ecosystem services, thus the county level is chosen as the optimization spatial scale.

[0084] Based on the assessment results of dominant ecosystem services and landscape pattern indicators at the county-level spatial unit within the target area, the changing trends of each dominant ecosystem service with respect to each landscape pattern indicator are plotted. Figure 5 As shown, the data includes the changing trends of soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), flood storage (FR), and habitat quality (BM) with patch density (PD) and aggregation index (AI), respectively. Figures (a), (c), (e), and (g) show the changing trends of habitat quality (BM), soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), and flood storage (FR) with aggregation index (AI), respectively; while figures (b), (d), (f), and (h) show the changing trends of habitat quality (BM), soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), and flood storage (FR) with patch density (PD), respectively.

[0085] from Figure 5It can be seen that as the aggregation index AI increases, i.e. as connectivity increases, habitat quality (BM) and soil retention (SC) continuously increase, flood storage (FR) first increases and then decreases, while water conservation (WC) shows no significant change. Habitat quality (BM) shows two significant abrupt increases at aggregation index AI values ​​of 90.9 (59) and 98.2 (132). Soil retention (SC) shows a significant abrupt increase at aggregation index AI of 98.2 (132). Flood storage (FR) shows a significant abrupt increase at aggregation index AI of 90.1 (51) and a significant decrease at aggregation index AI of 91.4 (64). Based on the principle of the strictest protection of the ecological protection red line and the principle of consistency of abrupt changes in most ecosystem services, and considering the complexity of the influencing factors of flood storage services, the connectivity threshold of the ecological protection red line is determined to be 90. It should be noted that in the above 90.9 (59), 59 represents the horizontal axis, and 90.9 is the product of the step size and the horizontal axis, i.e. the clustering index. The same data in the same form, such as 98.2 (132), 98.2 (132), 90.1 (51), and 91.4 (64), have the same meaning, and will not be repeated here.

[0086] As patch density (PD) increases, i.e., as fragmentation increases, habitat quality (BM), soil conservation (SC), and water conservation (WC) continuously decrease, while flood regulation (FR) continuously increases. Habitat quality (BM) shows two significant abrupt decreases at patch density (PD) values ​​of 6.7 (21) and 11.1 (43), soil conservation (SC) shows a significant abrupt decrease at patch density (PD) value of 8.5 (30), water conservation (WC) shows two significant abrupt decreases at patch density (PD) values ​​of 8.5 (30) and 13.1 (53), and flood regulation (FR) shows a significant increase at patch density (PD) value of 10.5 (40). Based on the principle of the strictest protection of ecological protection red lines and the principle of consistency of abrupt changes in most ecosystem services, and considering the complexity of factors affecting flood regulation services, the fragmentation threshold for ecological protection red lines is determined to be 6.5. It should be noted that in 6.7 (21) above, 21 represents the horizontal axis, and 6.7 represents the patch density corresponding to the horizontal axis 21. The meanings of data with the same form, such as 11.1 (43), 8.5 (30), 8.5 (30), 13.1 (53), and 10.5 (40), are the same and will not be repeated here.

[0087] In this embodiment, the sequence t-test analysis algorithm (i.e., the STARS algorithm) is used to detect the trend of change, thereby identifying the mutation point.

[0088] The connectivity threshold is used to determine whether each county-level unit meets the connectivity requirements. If the aggregation index AI of the county-level unit is not less than the connectivity threshold, it is determined that the connectivity requirements are met. The fragmentation threshold is used to determine whether each county-level unit meets the integrity requirements. If the patch density PD of the county-level unit is not greater than the fragmentation threshold, it is determined that the integrity requirements are met.

[0089] Classify county-level units based on the judgment results:

[0090] The first type satisfies both connectivity and integrity requirements, see... Figure 6 Medium green area;

[0091] The second category meets only one of the connectivity and integrity requirements, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 The blue area;

[0092] The third category consists of items that satisfy neither connectivity nor integrity requirements, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 The yellow area.

[0093] In this embodiment, 43% of the districts and counties in Hubei Province simultaneously meet the connectivity and integrity requirements, 43% meet one of the connectivity and integrity requirements, and 14% meet neither the connectivity nor integrity requirements. The ecological protection red line areas within the second and third categories of districts and counties are then defined as the optimized scope of the ecological protection red line. Figure 6 It can be seen that the optimized scope of the ecological protection red line in Hubei Province is mainly distributed in the eastern region of Hubei Province and the northern mountainous area.

[0094] Note that the above are merely preferred embodiments and the technical principles employed in this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, although this application has been described in detail through the above embodiments, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Many other equivalent embodiments may be included without departing from the concept of this application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines, characterized in that, include: S100: At different spatial scales, obtain assessment results of one or more dominant ecosystem services in each spatial scale unit within the target area; The spatial scale can be selected from multiple scales, including grid scale, county scale, and sub-basin scale, as needed; the methods for obtaining the assessment results of each dominant ecosystem service are as follows: S110: Construct a raster model of the target region; S120: Assess the dominant ecosystem services for each grid cell separately; S130: Sum the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of all grids within each spatial scale unit, i.e., the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of each spatial scale unit. S200: At different spatial scales, acquire one or more landscape pattern index data for each spatial scale unit within the target area; the landscape pattern indexes are selected based on integrity and / or connectivity. S300: Based on the assessment results of dominant ecosystem services obtained in step S100 and the landscape pattern index data obtained in step S200, the factor detection module of the geographic detector is used to determine the quantitative contribution of each landscape pattern index to each dominant ecosystem service. Based on the quantitative contribution data, the driving degree of landscape pattern index on dominant ecosystem services at different spatial scales is analyzed, and the spatial scale with the highest driving degree is taken as the optimization spatial scale. The method of using the factor detection module of the geographic detector to determine the quantitative contribution of each landscape pattern index to each dominant ecosystem service is as follows: taking the landscape pattern index as the independent variable and the dominant ecosystem service as the dependent variable, the method of using the factor detection module of the geographic detector to determine the degree of explanation of the independent variable to the dependent variable, that is, the quantitative contribution of the landscape pattern index to the dominant ecosystem service system. S400: Identify abrupt change points from the changing trends of dominant ecosystem services with landscape pattern indicators at the optimized spatial scale, and determine the threshold of each landscape pattern indicator based on the landscape pattern indicator values ​​corresponding to the abrupt change points. S500: Obtain spatial scale units in the target area that do not meet the threshold requirements of landscape pattern indicators under the optimization spatial scale, as the area to be optimized. The ecological protection red line area in the area to be optimized is the ecological protection red line optimization range.

2. The method for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The target area is either a river basin or an administrative region.

3. The method for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The dominant ecosystem services include one or more of soil conservation, water conservation, flood control, and habitat quality services.

4. The method for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Sub-step S110 further includes: S111: Rasterize the target area; S112: Resample the data required to assess the dominant ecosystem services into raster data, and perform location-based matching between the raster data and the raster to obtain the raster model of the target area.

5. The method for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, it also... include: The assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services in the target area before and after the implementation of the ecological protection red line were obtained, and the implementation effectiveness of the ecological protection red line was evaluated by using the changes in the assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services before and after implementation. The method for obtaining the assessment results of each dominant ecosystem service in the target area is as follows: sum the assessment results of the dominant ecosystem services of all grids in the target area, which is the assessment result of the dominant ecosystem services of the target area.

6. The method for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines as described in claim 5, characterized in that, it also... include: The contribution rate of the ecological protection red line to each dominant ecosystem service was obtained, and the contribution rate was used to assess the contribution of the ecological protection red line to ecosystem services. The method for obtaining the contribution rate of the ecological protection red line to each dominant ecosystem service is as follows: sum the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of all grids within the ecological protection red line area to obtain the dominant ecosystem service assessment result of the ecological protection red line; the ratio of the dominant ecosystem service assessment result of the ecological protection red line to the dominant ecosystem service assessment result of the target area is the contribution rate.

7. The method for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The assessment of the contribution of ecological protection red lines to ecosystem services using contribution rates includes: The contribution rate to each dominant ecosystem service is compared with the area proportion A0. When the contribution rate is greater than A0, it indicates that the implementation of the ecological protection red line has made a significant contribution to ecosystem services. The area proportion A0 refers to the area proportion of the ecological protection red line area in the target region.

8. A system for determining the optimized scope of ecological protection red lines, characterized in that, include: The first unit is used to obtain assessment results of one or more dominant ecosystem services in each spatial scale unit within the target area at different spatial scales. The spatial scale can be selected from multiple scales, including grid scale, county scale, and sub-basin scale, as needed; wherein, the first unit further includes: The first sub-unit is used to construct the grid model of the target area; The second sub-unit is used to assess the dominant ecosystem services of each grid separately; The third subunit is used to sum the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of all grids within each spatial scale unit, i.e., the dominant ecosystem service assessment results of each spatial scale unit. The second unit is used to acquire one or more landscape pattern index data for each spatial scale unit within the target area at different spatial scales; the landscape pattern indexes are selected from those related to integrity and / or connectivity. The third unit is used to determine the quantitative contribution of each landscape pattern index to each dominant ecosystem service based on the dominant ecosystem service assessment results obtained in the first unit and the landscape pattern index data obtained in the second unit, using the factor detection module of the geographic detector. Based on the quantitative contribution data, the driving degree of the landscape pattern index on the dominant ecosystem service at different spatial scales is analyzed, and the spatial scale with the highest driving degree is taken as the optimization spatial scale. The method of using the factor detection module of the geographic detector to determine the quantitative contribution of each landscape pattern index to each dominant ecosystem service is as follows: taking the landscape pattern index as the independent variable and the dominant ecosystem service as the dependent variable, the method of using the factor detection module of the geographic detector to determine the degree of explanation of the independent variable to the dependent variable, that is, the quantitative contribution of the landscape pattern index to the dominant ecosystem service system. The fourth unit is used to identify abrupt change points from the changing trends of dominant ecosystem services with landscape pattern indicators at the optimized spatial scale, and to determine the threshold of each landscape pattern indicator based on the landscape pattern indicator values ​​corresponding to the abrupt change points. The fifth unit is used to obtain spatial scale units in the target area that do not meet the threshold requirements of landscape pattern indicators under the optimization spatial scale, which are used as areas to be optimized. The ecological protection red line area in the area to be optimized is the optimization range of the ecological protection red line.

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