Low-protein piglet feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, and discloses a low-protein piglet feed and a preparation method thereof. Comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 40%-60% of corn, 10%-20% of peeled soybean meal, 5%-8% of fermented soybean meal, 3%-10% of low-protein whey powder, 2%-8% of fish meal, 2%-5% of glucose, 1%-3% of soybean oil, 1.0%-2.5% of compound amino acid, 0.5%-1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5%-1% of stone powder, 0.1%-0.2% of glutamine, 1% of a vitamin mineral mixture, 0.2%-0.5% of an acidifying agent and 0.1%-0.2% of an enzyme preparation. According to the piglet feed formula, the acidifying agent is accurately added to cooperate with the synthesized amino acid to optimize intestinal health and reduce the content of crude protein, antibiotics are effectively replaced, and the green and environment-friendly breeding requirement in the post-antibiotic era is met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of feed production, in particular to a low-protein milk piglet feed and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional milk piglet feed has a crude protein (CP) of ≥18%, after weaning, although the protease activity of piglets gradually increases, it is still at a low level until 6 weeks, and the digestion capacity of plant-derived protein (such as soybean) is insufficient. Excessive feed protein causes putrefactive fermentation in the hindgut (colon) of piglets, produces harmful products such as cadaverine and putrescine, leads to intestinal edema, reduces water absorption capacity, and causes piglets to have watery feces (diarrhea). On the other hand, the oxidation of undigested amino acids for energy causes waste of nitrogen resources. In addition, the anti-nutritional factors glycinin and beta-conglycinin contained in soybeans are the main causes of diarrhea in piglets after weaning. Although the existing low-protein formula (CP≤17%) can reduce the intake of anti-nutritional factors, it does not systematically balance the proportion of essential amino acids, resulting in a decrease in feed intake, an increase in feed conversion ratio, and a decrease in growth performance.

[0003] After the complete prohibition of the addition of antibiotics in feed, the industry is facing problems such as an increase in the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets and fluctuations in growth performance. Although acidifiers (such as formic acid and lactic acid) can regulate intestinal pH and inhibit pathogenic bacteria, the synergistic effect of acidifiers and low-protein diets in the prior art has not been fully explored, and there are problems such as improper combination of acidifiers and imbalance in the addition amount, which leads to poor palatability, ineffective reduction of gastrointestinal pH, and frequent unstable application results. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-protein milk piglet feed and a preparation method thereof to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to overcome the existing technical problems and provides a low-protein milk piglet feed and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application is implemented according to the following technical solutions:

[0006] A low-protein milk piglet feed, comprising the following components in mass percentage: corn 40%-60%, dehulled soybean meal 10%-20%, fermented soybean meal 5%-8%, low-protein whey powder 3%-10%, fish meal 2%-8%, glucose 2%-5%, soybean oil 1%-3%, complex amino acids 1.0%-2.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%-1%, stone powder 0.5%-1%, glutamine 0.1%-0.2%, vitamin and mineral mixture 1%, acidifier 0.2%-0.5%, and enzyme preparation 0.1%-0.2%.

[0007] Preferred ingredients include: 45%–50% corn, 10%–15% dehulled soybean meal, 5%–8% fermented soybean meal, 5%–10% low-protein whey powder, 4%–8% fish meal, 3%–5% glucose, 2%–3% soybean oil, 1.5%–2.5% compound amino acids, 0.5%–1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5%–1% limestone powder, 0.1%–0.2% glutamine, 1% vitamin and mineral mixture, 0.3%–0.5% acidifying agent, and 0.1%–0.15% enzyme preparation.

[0008] This low-protein piglet feed can be used as creep feed.

[0009] Preferably, the composition includes 50%–60% corn, 15%–20% dehulled soybean meal, 5%–8% fermented soybean meal, 3%–5% low-protein whey powder, 2%–7% fish meal, 2%–3% glucose, 1%–2% soybean oil, 1.0%–1.5% compound amino acids, 0.5%–1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5%–1% limestone powder, 0.1%–0.2% glutamine, 1% vitamin and mineral mixture, 0.2%–0.3% acidifying agent, and 0.1%–0.15% enzyme preparation.

[0010] This low-protein piglet feed can be used as a pre-feed.

[0011] Preferably, the crude protein content in the low-protein piglet feed is 15.5% to 16.5%, based on the quality of the low-protein piglet feed.

[0012] Further preferred options include low-protein piglet feed with an acid-binding capacity ≤20mEq / kg.

[0013] Preferably, the complex amino acid comprises the following components in the indicated mass percentages: L-lysine 55%–60%, DL-methionine 15%–20%, L-threonine 20%–25%, and L-tryptophan 3%–5%.

[0014] Further preferred, the lysine content in the low-protein piglet feed is 1.25% to 1.45% based on the weight of the low-protein piglet feed.

[0015] Preferably, the acidifying agent comprises the following components in the indicated mass percentages: 10%–15% coated sodium butyrate, 20%–50% lactic acid, 10%–25% fumaric acid, 4%–10% citric acid, and 0%–56% maifanite.

[0016] Preferably, the vitamin and mineral mixture comprises: vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B6. 12 Niacin, D-pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, zinc, iron, manganese, copper, iodine, selenium.

[0017] Specifically, the active ingredients of the vitamin and mineral mixture, based on the weight of low-protein piglet feed, include the following components: Vitamin A 1000 IU / kg, Vitamin D3 1800 IU / kg, Vitamin E 150 IU / kg, Vitamin K3 8 mg / kg, Vitamin B1 5 mg / kg, Vitamin B2 10 mg / kg, Vitamin B6 8 mg / kg, Vitamin B... 12 0.05 mg / kg, niacin 60 mg / kg, D-pantothenic acid 30 mg / kg, folic acid 2 mg / kg, biotin 0.3 mg / kg, zinc 1000 mg / kg, iron 130 mg / kg, manganese 50 mg / kg, copper 250 mg / kg, iodine 0.65 mg / kg, selenium 0.3 mg / kg.

[0018] In actual production, when adding vitamin and mineral mixtures, not only are the active ingredients of the vitamin and mineral mixture itself added, but also the excipients or carriers that support the active ingredients are also included.

[0019] Preferably, the enzyme preparation is a protease.

[0020] This invention also includes a method for preparing low-protein piglet feed, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. Grind corn, peeled soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal to a particle size ≤10μm;

[0022] S2. Mix corn, peeled soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal in proportion, and then puff them to obtain puffed raw materials; puff at 120℃ for 40 seconds.

[0023] S3. Add soybean oil and acidifier to the puffed raw material according to the proportion and stir evenly to obtain a primary mixture.

[0024] S4. Add low-protein whey powder, fish meal, glucose, compound amino acids, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, limestone powder, glutamine, vitamin and mineral mixture, and enzyme preparation to the primary mixture and mix to obtain the secondary mixture.

[0025] S5. Granulate the secondary mixture to obtain the finished low-protein piglet feed.

[0026] Preferably, in step S3, the acidifier is treated to obtain a treated acidifier before being added.

[0027] Preferably, the treatment process of the acidifying agent is as follows:

[0028] The coated sodium butyrate is premixed with the carrier, the powder-shaped medical stone, at a mass ratio of 1:5, and 0.01wt% of ethoxyquin antioxidant is added to prevent oxidation inactivation, to obtain the first mixed particles; low-temperature spraying: using a double-layer spraying process, the remaining organic acids (lactic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid) are sprayed onto the surface of the first mixed particles below 45 DEG C, and then glyceryl monostearate is sprayed; the treated acidifier is obtained; the use amount of glyceryl monostearate is 50% of the sum of the mass of the first mixed particles, lactic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid.

[0029] Here, the medical stone is used as a carrier.

[0030] The spraying process can adopt a spraying device, that is, the material to be sprayed is placed in a mixer for mixing, and then the corresponding liquid is sprayed into the mixer by using a spraying device in the mixer to complete the spraying. Preferably, in the step S5, the granulation adopts a granulator; the ring die compression ratio of the granulator is 1:(4-6), the conditioning temperature is ≤65 DEG C (preferably 55-60 DEG C), and the hardness of the cooled particles is ≤3.0kg / cm 2 , and the feed palatability is improved.

[0031] Principle of action:

[0032] The present application optimizes the intestinal health of the milk pig feed formula with precise addition of acidifiers and synergistic effect of synthetic amino acids, reduces the crude protein content (CP≤16.5%), and is suitable for 21-35 day-old weaned piglets, effectively replaces antibiotics to meet the green and environmentally-friendly breeding needs in the post-antibiotic era.

[0033] The present application designs the feed of the acidifier synergistic low-protein formula:

[0034] The acidifier optimization combination: coated sodium butyrate (0.03%-0.05%) + composite organic acid (lactic acid 0.1% + fumaric acid 0.05% + citric acid 0.02%), synergistically reduces the intestinal pH value to 4.5-5.2, inhibits the proliferation of escherichia coli and salmonella, and enhances the slow-release effect of sodium butyrate.

[0035] Low-protein formula and amino acid balance:

[0036] The crude protein content of the application is 15.5% to 16.5%, the crude protein content in the traditional milk piglet feed is 18% to 20%, the crude protein content is reduced in the application, which plays a role in reducing anti-nutritional factors and reducing fecal nitrogen emissions.

[0037] The crude protein content of the application is 15.5% to 16.5%, the crude protein content in the traditional milk piglet feed is 18% to 20%, the crude protein content is reduced in the application, which plays a role in reducing anti-nutritional factors and reducing fecal nitrogen emissions.

[0038] The lysine content of the low-protein milk piglet feed of the application is 1.3% to 1.45%, the lysine content in the traditional milk piglet feed is 1.05%, and the lysine is accurately supplemented based on the SID model in the application.

[0039] The acid binding force of the application is ≤20 mEq / kg, and the acid binding force in the traditional milk piglet feed is 30 to 35 mEq / kg, and the acid binding force is reduced in the application, and the effect of the acidifier is enhanced.

[0040] Glutamine is used in the application, which is not added in the traditional milk piglet feed, and the increase of the component improves the intestinal mucosa integrity.

[0041] Amino acid accurate balance and essential amino acid strengthening: by adding synthetic amino acids (such as lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, etc.), the deficiency of essential amino acids caused by low protein is made up, and the metabolic burden caused by excessive non-essential amino acids is avoided. According to the physiological stage of milk piglet, the proportion of amino acids (such as arginine, threonine demand; the amino acids expressed here are the nutritional indicators of formula design, which are supplemented by the addition of raw materials) is adjusted to ensure the maximum utilization rate of amino acids.

[0042] Acidifier instead of antibiotic: adding sodium butyrate (0.03% coated sodium butyrate can reduce the diarrhea rate) and complex organic acid (lactic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid), adjusting the intestinal pH value and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Increase the protease to supplement the exogenous digestive enzymes that cannot be synthesized and secreted in the body of piglets, and improve the protein digestion rate.

[0043] In the selection of raw materials and the optimization of processing technology:

[0044] Protein source replacement: replace soybean meal with fermented soybean meal (antigen degradation rate > 65%) and dehulled soybean meal, etc., to reduce anti-nutritional factors and reduce dependence on imports.

[0045] Process synergy: using puffing (puffing degree 1.8-2.1), ultrafine grinding (particle size ≤10 μm) and low temperature granulation process, the gelatinization degree of starch and the utilization rate of protein are improved.

[0046] Intestinal health and environmental protection synergy:

[0047] Diarrhea prevention and control, reduce intestinal osmotic pressure by low protein (CP≤16.5%), combined with acid binding capacity control (≤20 mEq / kg), reduce the incidence of diarrhea. Emission reduction design: for every 1% reduction in crude protein, fecal nitrogen emission is reduced by 8%-10%.

[0048] Beneficial effects:

[0049] The present application optimizes the intestinal health of the milk piglet feed formula and preparation method by precisely adding acidifying agent and synthetic amino acid synergistically, reduces the crude protein content (CP≤16.5%), and is suitable for 21-35 day old weaned piglets, effectively replaces antibiotics to meet the green and environmentally friendly breeding needs in the post-antibiotic era. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present application will be further described below with specific examples, the illustrative examples of the present application and the description are used to explain the present application, but not as a limitation of the present application.

[0051] All raw materials of the present application are not particularly limited in source, and can be purchased on the market or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0052] All raw materials of the present application are not particularly limited in purity, and the present application preferably uses conventional purity used in the art.

[0053] The device used in the present application is not particularly limited and uses the device commonly used in the art.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] A low-protein milk piglet feed comprises the following components in mass percentage:

[0056] Corn 50%, dehulled soybean meal 15%, fermented soybean meal 8%, low-protein whey powder 10%, fish meal 5%, glucose 5%, soybean oil 2%, complex amino acid 2.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%, stone powder 0.5%, glutamine 0.2%, vitamin and mineral mixture 1%, acidifying agent 0.5%, enzyme preparation 0.1%.

[0057] The content of crude protein in the low-protein milk piglet feed of the present embodiment is 16.5%.

[0058] The complex amino acid comprises the following components by weight percentage: L-lysine 57%, DL-methionine 17%, L-threonine 22%, and L-tryptophan 4%.

[0059] The acidifier comprises the following components in the indicated weight percentages: 10% coated sodium butyrate, 20% lactic acid, 10% fumaric acid, 4% citric acid, and 56% maifanite.

[0060] The enzyme preparation is a protease.

[0061] The active ingredients of the vitamin and mineral mixture, based on the weight of low-protein piglet feed, include the following components: Vitamin A 1000 IU / kg, Vitamin D3 1800 IU / kg, Vitamin E 150 IU / kg, Vitamin K3 8 mg / kg, Vitamin B1 5 mg / kg, Vitamin B2 10 mg / kg, Vitamin B6 8 mg / kg, and Vitamin B2... 12 0.05 mg / kg, niacin 60 mg / kg, D-pantothenic acid 30 mg / kg, folic acid 2 mg / kg, biotin 0.3 mg / kg, zinc 1000 mg / kg, iron 130 mg / kg, manganese 50 mg / kg, copper 250 mg / kg, iodine 0.65 mg / kg, selenium 0.3 mg / kg.

[0062] A method for preparing a low-protein piglet feed includes the following steps:

[0063] S1. Grind corn, peeled soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal to a particle size ≤10μm;

[0064] S2. Mix corn, peeled soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal in proportion, and then puff them to obtain puffed raw materials; puff at 120℃ for 40 seconds.

[0065] S3. Add soybean oil and treated acidifier to the puffed raw material according to the proportion and stir evenly to obtain a primary mixture.

[0066] The treatment process of the acidifier is as follows:

[0067] The first mixed granules are obtained by premixing the coated sodium butyrate and the carrier, i.e. the medical stone, at a mass ratio of 1:5, and adding 0.01wt% of ethoxyquin antioxidant to prevent oxidative inactivation; low-temperature spraying: using a double-layer spraying process, first spraying the remaining organic acids (lactic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid) onto the surface of the first mixed granules at a temperature below 45℃, and then spraying glycerol monostearate; the amount of glycerol monostearate used is 50% of the total mass of the first mixed granules, lactic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid, to obtain the treated acidifier; the spraying process can use a spraying device, i.e. placing the material to be sprayed in a mixer for mixing, and then spraying the corresponding liquid into the mixer using the spraying device in the mixer to complete the spraying; and obtaining the treated acidifier;

[0068] S4, adding low-protein whey powder, fish meal, glucose, compound amino acid, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, stone powder, glutamine, vitamin and mineral mixture, and enzyme preparation to the first mixed material for mixing to obtain a second mixed material;

[0069] S5, granulating the second mixed material to obtain a low-protein milk piglet feed product;

[0070] The granulation is performed using a granulator; the ring die compression ratio of the granulator is 1:5, and the conditioning temperature is 55-60℃, and the hardness of the cooled granules is ≤3.0kg / cm 2 .

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the low-protein milk piglet feed comprises the following components in the following mass percentages:

[0073] corn 55%, dehulled soybean meal 15%, fermented soybean meal 8%, low-protein whey powder 8%, fish meal 4%, glucose 3.1%, soybean oil 2%, compound amino acid 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.75%, stone powder 0.6%, glutamine 0.15%, vitamin and mineral mixture 1%, acidifier 0.3%, and enzyme preparation 0.1%.

[0074] The content of crude protein in the low-protein milk piglet feed of this example is 16.0%.

[0075] The compound amino acid comprises the following components in the following mass percentages: L-lysine 56%, DL-methionine 17%, L-threonine 22%, and L-tryptophan 5%.

[0076] The acidifier comprises the following components in the following mass percentages: coated sodium butyrate 10%, lactic acid 33.33%, fumaric acid 16.67%, citric acid 6.67%, and medical stone 33.33%.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that a low-protein milk piglet feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

[0079] Corn 60%, dehulled soybean meal 16.03%, fermented soybean meal 5%, low-protein whey powder 5%, fish meal 4.0%, glucose 3%, soybean oil 2%, compound amino acid 1.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, stone powder 1%, glutamine 0.1%, vitamin and mineral mixture 1%, acidifying agent 0.27%, and enzyme preparation 0.1%.

[0080] The content of crude protein in the low-protein milk piglet feed of the present embodiment is 16.2%.

[0081] The compound amino acid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: L-lysine 60%, DL-methionine 15%, L-threonine 20%, and L-tryptophan 5%.

[0082] The acidifying agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: coated sodium butyrate 11.11%, lactic acid 37.04%, fumaric acid 18.52%, citric acid 7.41%, and medical stone 25.92%.

[0083] Experiment

[0084] The influence of the method of the present application on the growth performance, diarrhea rate, and nutrient metabolism rate of piglets is proved through a pig feeding experiment.

[0085] Test design

[0086] (1) Test animals: 40 21-day-old Duroc×Landrace×York crossbred piglets, randomly divided into 2 groups, 2 replicates per group, 10 piglets per replicate; wherein the 21-day-old Duroc×Landrace×York crossbred piglets refer to 21-day-old healthy weaned piglets bred by crossbreeding of Duroc (D), Landrace (L), and Yorkshire (Y) breeds.

[0087] (2) Control group: commercially available conventional 18% CP starter feed (lysine≥1.45%).

[0088] (3) Test group: 16% CP feed (the formula of embodiment 1) of the present application.

[0089] Test results

[0090] Table 1. Influence of low-protein daily ration for piglets on growth performance, diarrhea rate, and nutrient metabolism rate of piglets

[0091]

[0092] Result analysis

[0093] From the results of Table 1, the present formula method feed compared with traditional feed, significantly improved the daily gain of piglets 5.6% and the hair height (18.8%), and reduced the fecal nitrogen emission 27.6% (P<0.05), significantly improved the ratio of feed to meat 5.9% and the diarrhea rate 49.3% (P<0.01).

[0094] Conclusion: The method of the present application proves that the method meets the needs of piglet nutrients and sustainable breeding development in terms of actual effect on growth performance, diarrhea rate and nutrient utilization (nitrogen) of piglets.

[0095] The technical scheme of the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and any technical modification made according to the technical scheme of the present application falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A low-protein piglet feed, characterized in that: The product comprises the following components by weight percentage: corn 40%–60%, dehulled soybean meal 10%–20%, fermented soybean meal 5%–8%, low-protein whey powder 3%–10%, fish meal 2%–8%, glucose 2%–5%, soybean oil 1%–3%, compound amino acids 1.0%–2.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%–1%, limestone powder 0.5%–1%, glutamine 0.1%–0.2%, vitamin and mineral mixture 1%, acidifier 0.2%–0.5%, and enzyme preparation 0.1%–0.2%.

2. The low-protein piglet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Corn 45%–50%, peeled soybean meal 10%–15%, fermented soybean meal 5%–8%, low-protein whey powder 5%–10%, fish meal 4%–8%, glucose 3%–5%, soybean oil 2%–3%, compound amino acids 1.5%–2.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%–1%, limestone powder 0.5%–1%, glutamine 0.1%–0.2%, vitamin and mineral mixture 1%, acidifier 0.3%–0.5%, enzyme preparation 0.1%–0.15%.

3. The low-protein piglet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula consists of: 50%–60% corn, 15%–20% dehulled soybean meal, 5%–8% fermented soybean meal, 3%–5% low-protein whey powder, 2%–7% fish meal, 2%–3% glucose, 1%–2% soybean oil, 1.0%–1.5% compound amino acids, 0.5%–1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5%–1% limestone powder, 0.1%–0.2% glutamine, 1% vitamin and mineral mixture, 0.2%–0.3% acidifying agent, and 0.1%–0.15% enzyme preparation.

4. The low-protein piglet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In low-protein piglet feed, the crude protein content is 15.5% to 16.5%, based on the quality of the low-protein piglet feed.

5. The low-protein piglet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The complex amino acid comprises the following components in the indicated mass percentages: L-lysine 55%–60%, DL-methionine 15%–20%, L-threonine 20%–25%, and L-tryptophan 3%–5%.

6. The low-protein piglet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acidifying agent comprises the following components in the indicated weight percentages: 10%–15% coated sodium butyrate, 20%–50% lactic acid, 10%–25% fumaric acid, 4%–10% citric acid, and 0%–56% maifanite.

7. The low-protein piglet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vitamin and mineral mixture includes: vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B6. 12 Niacin, D-pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, zinc, iron, manganese, copper, iodine, selenium.

8. The low-protein piglet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzyme preparation is a protease.

9. A method for preparing a low-protein piglet feed according to claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Grind corn, peeled soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal to a particle size ≤10μm; S2. Mix corn, peeled soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal in proportion, and then puff them to obtain puffed raw materials; puff at 120℃ for 40 seconds. S3. Add soybean oil and acidifier to the puffed raw material according to the proportion and stir evenly to obtain a primary mixture; S4. Add low-protein whey powder, fish meal, glucose, compound amino acids, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, limestone powder, glutamine, vitamin and mineral mixture, and enzyme preparation to the primary mixture and mix to obtain the secondary mixture. S5. Granulate the secondary mixture to obtain the finished low-protein piglet feed.

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