A three-product micro-particle cyclone-countercurrent classification equipment

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of mineral processing technology and aims to solve the problems of widespread fine particle entrainment in the underflow, low separation accuracy, and high energy consumption in current hydrocyclones. It provides a three-product fine particle hydrocyclone-countercurrent classification equipment, including a slurry distributor, an overflow collection box, a countercurrent classification box, and multiple hydrocyclones. The slurry distributor evenly distributes the slurry to each hydrocyclone. Fine particles enter the overflow collection box through the overflow pipe of the hydrocyclone. The countercurrent classification box is equipped with a countercurrent classification zone, a coarse particle collection zone, and an intermediate particle size collection zone. The countercurrent classification zone separates coarse and intermediate particle sizes using an arc-shaped upward structure and rising water flow. This invention enables secondary classification of the hydrocyclone underflow, effectively controlling the fine particle entrainment content. The underflow pipe water seal design eliminates air columns during the cyclone process, ensuring classification effect and stability while effectively reducing energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mineral processing technology, specifically relating to a three-product micro-particle cyclone-countercurrent classification equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the coal washing and processing industry, coarse coal slime separation is a core step connecting heavy medium separation and flotation processes. Typically, coal slime is pumped to a classifying hydrocyclone for classification via a slurry pump. The overflow (fine coal slime particles of -0.25mm) is sent to the flotation process, while the underflow (coarse coal slime of 1-0.25mm) is sent to the coarse coal slime separation process. The classifying hydrocyclone, as a key piece of equipment for coarse / fine coal slime classification, directly affects the subsequent process results. Ideally, the content of -0.25mm particles in the underflow should be less than 15%, but the following problems exist in actual operation:

[0003] The phenomenon of fine particles being entrained in the underflow is becoming widespread: As the quality of raw coal deteriorates, the proportion of -0.25mm particles in coal slime has increased from the traditional 15%-20% to 30%-40%. The intensified turbulence within the hydrocyclone causes intermediate-sized particles and residual fine particles (especially 0.1-0.25mm particles) to enter the underflow due to insufficient centrifugal force, with an entrainment rate of up to 20%-40%.

[0004] The contradiction between separation accuracy and throughput: In order to reduce the entrainment of fine particles in the underflow, small-diameter hydrocyclones (below Φ150mm) or reduced feed pressure (<0.15MPa) are required. However, this leads to a 50%-70% decrease in throughput per unit. The increase in the number of units leads to an increase in infrastructure costs, and at the same time, it poses new challenges to the spatial optimization of equipment layout in coal preparation plants.

[0005] Air column leads to increased energy consumption and unstable classification particle size: There is an air column in the central region of traditional classifying hydrocyclones. Studies have shown that this air column is not necessary for operation. On the contrary, due to its unstable size and position, it causes excessive energy consumption, and the classification particle size is also greatly affected by the air column.

[0006] The particle size distribution during classification is easily affected by feed conditions: flow field fluctuations caused by unstable feed pressure and particle mismatch caused by unstable concentration both have a significant impact on the classification effect. Existing classifying hydrocyclones lack effective adjustment methods when dealing with conditions such as unstable pressure, unstable concentration, or deterioration of coal quality. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a three-product micro-particle cyclone-countercurrent classification equipment.

[0008] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: a three-product fine particle hydrocyclone-countercurrent classification equipment, comprising a slurry distributor, an overflow collection box, a countercurrent classification box, and multiple classification hydrocyclones; the upper end of the slurry distributor has a slurry inlet, and the multiple classification hydrocyclones are arranged at intervals along the outer periphery of the slurry distributor; the inlets of the classification hydrocyclones are connected to the outer wall of the slurry distributor and communicate with the inner cavity of the slurry distributor; the slurry distributor is used to uniformly distribute the slurry to each of the classification hydrocyclones; the overflow collection box is located at the lower end of the slurry distributor, and the upper end of each classification hydrocyclone is provided with an overflow pipe; the outlet end of the overflow pipe is located inside the overflow collection box; the overflow collection box is used to collect fine particles in the slurry. Fine-grained materials enter the overflow collection box through the overflow pipe of the classifying hydrocyclone. The countercurrent classifying box is located at the lower end of the overflow collection box and is supported on the ground by a frame. The discharge port at the bottom of the classifying hydrocyclone is located inside the countercurrent classifying box and is water-sealed. The countercurrent classifying box is equipped with a countercurrent classification zone, a coarse-grained material collection zone, and an intermediate-grained material collection zone. The countercurrent classification zone is used to separate coarse-grained materials and intermediate-grained materials in the slurry through an arc-shaped upward structure and rising water flow. The coarse-grained material collection zone is used to collect the separated coarse-grained materials, and the intermediate-grained material collection zone is used to collect the separated intermediate-grained materials. The overflow collection box, the coarse-grained material collection zone, and the intermediate-grained material collection zone are all equipped with ports for unloading materials.

[0009] Preferably, the classifying hydrocyclone includes a hydrocyclone column section, a hydrocyclone cone section, and an underflow pipe arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The feed inlet of the classifying hydrocyclone is connected to the hydrocyclone column section, the end of the hydrocyclone cone section and the underflow pipe are located inside the countercurrent classifying box, and the bottom of the overflow pipe in the classifying hydrocyclone is located in the middle of the hydrocyclone column section.

[0010] Preferably, the countercurrent classification zone includes a preliminary classification zone and a secondary classification zone. The arc-shaped upward structure is a distribution arc at the bottom of the preliminary classification zone, located below the classifying hydrocyclone. The distribution arc is used to perform preliminary classification of coarse and intermediate particle sizes in the slurry under the action of inertia. The secondary classification zone includes an upward water flow inlet zone and an upward water flow classification zone, separated by an inclined plate with flow distribution holes. The inclined plate with flow distribution holes is used to adjust the speed of the upward water flow. An inlet pipe is provided at the bottom of the upward water flow inlet zone, and each classifying hydrocyclone corresponds to one inlet pipe. The upward water flow classification zone is used to perform secondary classification of coarse and intermediate particle sizes in the slurry after preliminary classification. The coarse and intermediate particle sizes after secondary classification enter the coarse material collection zone and the intermediate particle size collection zone, respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the upper part of the rising water flow classification zone is located above one side of the discharge side of the distribution arc. An overflow weir is provided between the upper part of the rising water flow classification zone and the intermediate particle size material collection zone. A gap is left between the overflow weir and the top of the countercurrent classification box for the overflow of the intermediate particle size material. The lower part of the rising water flow classification zone is located below one side of the discharge side of the distribution arc. The coarse particle material collection zone is located on one side of the bottom of the inclined plate and is inclined at the same angle as the inclined plate. An underflow discharge port is provided at the bottom of the coarse particle material collection zone. All the classifying hydrocyclones share a single underflow discharge port.

[0012] Preferably, the intermediate particle size material collection area includes an overflow trough and an intermediate particle size material discharge port, wherein the overflow trough is located on the side of the overflow weir facing away from the rising water flow classification area and is connected to the rising water flow classification area, and the intermediate particle size material discharge port is located at the bottom end of the overflow trough.

[0013] Preferably, the distance from the top of the arc-shaped top of the overflow weir to the top of the countercurrent classifier is set as 'a', and the distance from the bottom of the arc-shaped top of the overflow weir to the top of the countercurrent classifier is set as 'm', with 'a' ranging from 0.8m to 0.9m, to avoid coarse material overflowing. The horizontal distance from the center of the bottom of the distribution arc to the overflow weir is set as 'L', with 'L' ranging from 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the width f of the countercurrent classification zone, to ensure that intermediate particle size material is fully separated before entering the overflow trough.

[0014] Preferably, the height e of the countercurrent grading zone is in the range of 300 mm to 500 mm, and the central angle j of the distribution arc is in the range of 60 degrees to 150 degrees; the height i of the distribution arc is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the height e of the countercurrent grading zone.

[0015] The width f of the countercurrent classification zone is 1.0 to 1.2 times the width G of the distribution arc. The width G of the distribution arc is 1.2 to 1.5 times the diameter d2 of the underflow pipe. The diameter d2 of the underflow pipe is determined based on the diameter D of the hydrocyclone column, and is 0.2 to 0.35 times the diameter D of the hydrocyclone column.

[0016] The insertion depth of the overflow pipe is set to h1. The insertion depth h1 refers to the length of the overflow pipe inserted into the cyclone separator. The insertion depth h1 of the overflow pipe is 0.3 to 0.7 times the diameter D of the cyclone separator column.

[0017] Preferably, the diameter of the flow distribution holes on the inclined plate is in the range of 5 mm to 10 mm, and the spacing between adjacent flow distribution holes is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the flow distribution holes; the flow distribution holes are arranged in a ring array to ensure that the rising water flow uniformly covers the countercurrent grading zone.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] This device can reduce the underflow entrainment rate. Based on a conventional hydrocyclone, the underflow directly enters the annular gap of the countercurrent classifier. The underflow material of the classifier is secondary classified by the action of the rising water flow. The intermediate particle size material enters the overflow trough with the rising water flow, while the coarse material falls into the coarse material collection area.

[0020] This device can reduce overflow and coarse flow. Since the underflow of the hydrocyclone is directly inserted into the countercurrent classifying tank, a "water-sealed hydrocyclone" is formed, which weakens the influence of the air column on the separation effect and reduces overflow and coarse flow.

[0021] This device can improve the stability of the feed particle size range of the coarse coal slime separation system. By adding a countercurrent classifier to the existing classifier, when fluctuations in operating conditions such as feed pressure, concentration, and coal quality cause severe fine particle entrainment in the underflow of the classifier, the rising water flow velocity can be adjusted to enhance the classification of the underflow of the classifier, effectively ensuring the stability of the feed particle size range supplied to the coarse coal slime separation system.

[0022] Compared to the process of two hydrocyclones connected in series or hydrocyclone + screening, this device directly transforms the existing underflow box of the classifying hydrocyclone into a countercurrent classifying box. There is no need to modify the original slurry pumping system, the impact on the plant floor area is also limited, and the additional power consumption (from the rising water pump) is low.

[0023] In mineral processing, ore particles are typically ground to a certain size to release valuable minerals. After grinding, the mineral particles return to a classifying hydrocyclone for classification. Intermediate-sized material (overflow from the classifying hydrocyclone) enters the subsequent flotation process, while coarse material (underflow from the classifying hydrocyclone) returns to the ball mill for grinding. However, due to structural limitations of the classifying hydrocyclone, its underflow often contains 10%-30% intermediate-sized material. Because of incomplete classification, this portion of intermediate-sized material, which has already met the particle size requirements, enters the ball mill with the underflow, leading to reduced grinding efficiency, increased over-grinding rate, reduced throughput, and increased energy consumption for the same throughput. This application proposes a secondary countercurrent classification of the hydrocyclone underflow. By controlling the upward flow velocity, this portion of intermediate-sized material can be removed from the coarse material, significantly reducing the content of intermediate-sized material entering the subsequent grinding process, thus improving grinding efficiency and reducing grinding energy consumption.

[0024] Furthermore, the overflow of coarse particles in the coal separation process by the classifying hydrocyclone leads to a decrease in subsequent flotation efficiency and an increase in flotation costs. Additionally, the underflow entrainment of fine particles in the classifying hydrocyclone also significantly impacts the subsequent separation of coarse coal slime, resulting in reduced separation efficiency. The three-product classifying equipment proposed in this application effectively addresses both the overflow of coarse particles and the underflow entrainment of fine particles in coal slime. By adjusting the insertion depth of the overflow pipe, it is ensured that the overflow does not contain coarse particles, which increases the probability of underflow entrainment. Because the equipment is equipped with a secondary countercurrent classification stage, the intermediate particle size material mismatched in the underflow can be discharged by controlling the upward water flow velocity. The presence of the secondary countercurrent classification operation can simultaneously mitigate both the overflow of coarse particles and the underflow entrainment of fine particles. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the countercurrent classifier of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the grading cyclone separator of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the overflow hole of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1-Slurry distributor; 2-Overflow collection box; 3-Countercurrent classifier; 3.1-Distribution arc; 3.2-Inclined plate; 3.3-Inlet pipe; 3.4-Overflow weir; 3.5-Underflow discharge port; 3.6-Overflow trough; 3.7-Intermediate particle size material discharge port; 3.8 Flow distribution hole; 4-Classifying hydrocyclone; 4.1-Hydrocyclone column section; 4.2-Hydrocyclone cone section; 4.3-Underflow pipe; 4.4-Overflow pipe; 5-Frame. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportional relationships, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention. It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0033] This invention provides an embodiment:

[0034] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a three-product fine particle cyclone-countercurrent classification equipment includes a slurry distributor 1, an overflow collection box 2, a countercurrent classification box 3, and multiple classifying hydrocyclones 4. The slurry distributor 1 has a slurry inlet 1.1 at its upper end. Multiple classifying hydrocyclones 4 are arranged at intervals along the outer periphery of the slurry distributor 1. The inlets of the classifying hydrocyclones 4 are connected to the outer wall of the slurry distributor 1 and communicate with its inner cavity. The slurry distributor 1 is used to evenly distribute the slurry to each of the classifying hydrocyclones 4. The overflow collection box 2 is located at the lower end of the slurry distributor 1. An overflow pipe 4.4 is provided at the upper end of each classifying hydrocyclone 4. The outlet end of the overflow pipe 4.4 is located inside the overflow collection box 2. The overflow collection box 2 is used to collect fine particles in the slurry. The fine-grained material enters the overflow collection box 2 through the overflow pipe 4.4 of the classifying hydrocyclone 4. The countercurrent classifying box 3 is located at the lower end of the overflow collection box 2 and is supported on the ground by the frame 5. The discharge port at the bottom of the classifying hydrocyclone 4 is located inside the countercurrent classifying box 3 and is water-sealed. The countercurrent classifying box 3 is provided with a countercurrent classification zone, a coarse-grained material collection zone, and an intermediate-grained material collection zone. The countercurrent classification zone is used to separate the coarse-grained material and the intermediate-grained material in the slurry through an arc-shaped upward structure and rising water flow. The coarse-grained material collection zone is used to collect the separated coarse-grained material, and the intermediate-grained material collection zone is used to collect the separated intermediate-grained material. The overflow collection box 2, the coarse-grained material collection zone, and the intermediate-grained material collection zone are all provided with ports for unloading materials.

[0035] In this embodiment, the classifying hydrocyclone 4 includes a hydrocyclone column section 4.1, a hydrocyclone cone section 4.2, and an underflow pipe 4.3 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The feed inlet of the classifying hydrocyclone 4 is connected to the hydrocyclone column section 4.1. The end of the hydrocyclone cone section 4.2 and the underflow pipe 4.3 are located inside the countercurrent classifying box 3. The bottom of the overflow pipe 4.4 in the classifying hydrocyclone 4 is located in the middle of the hydrocyclone column section 4.1.

[0036] The countercurrent classification zone includes a preliminary classification zone and a secondary classification zone. The arc-shaped upward structure is the distribution arc 3.1 at the bottom of the preliminary classification zone. The distribution arc 3.1 is located below the classifying hydrocyclone 4. The distribution arc 3.1 is used to perform preliminary classification of coarse and intermediate particle size materials in the slurry under the action of inertia. The secondary classification zone includes an upward water flow inlet zone and an upward water flow classification zone. The upward water flow inlet zone and the upward water flow classification zone are separated by an inclined plate 3.2 with flow distribution holes 3.8. The inclined plate 3.2 with flow distribution holes 3.8 is used to adjust the speed of the upward water flow. A water inlet pipe 3.3 is provided at the bottom of the upward water flow inlet zone. Each classifying hydrocyclone 4 corresponds to one water inlet pipe 3.3. The upward water flow classification zone is used to perform secondary classification of coarse and intermediate particle size materials in the slurry after preliminary classification. The coarse and intermediate particle size materials after secondary classification enter the coarse material collection zone and the intermediate particle size collection zone, respectively.

[0037] The upper part of the rising water flow classification zone is located above one side of the discharge side of the distribution arc 3.1. An overflow weir 3.4 is provided between the upper part of the rising water flow classification zone and the intermediate particle size material collection zone. A gap is left between the overflow weir 3.4 and the top of the countercurrent classification box 3 for the overflow of the intermediate particle size material. The lower part of the rising water flow classification zone is located below one side of the discharge side of the distribution arc 3.1. The coarse particle material collection zone is located on one side of the bottom of the inclined surface of the inclined plate 3.2 and is inclined at the same angle as the inclined plate 3.2. The bottom of the coarse particle material collection zone is provided with a bottom flow discharge port 3.5. All the classifying hydrocyclones 4 share a bottom flow discharge port 3.5.

[0038] The intermediate particle size material collection area includes an overflow trough 3.6 and an intermediate particle size material discharge port 3.7. The overflow trough 3.6 is located on the side of the overflow weir 3.4 facing away from the rising water flow classification area and is connected to the rising water flow classification area. The intermediate particle size material discharge port 3.7 is located at the bottom end of the overflow trough 3.6.

[0039] The following are the specific settings of the structural parameters of the present invention:

[0040] The distance from the top of the arc-shaped top of the overflow weir 3.4 to the top of the countercurrent classifier 3 is set as 'a', and the distance from the bottom of the arc-shaped top of the overflow weir 3.4 to the top of the countercurrent classifier 3 is set as 'm', with 'a' ranging from 0.8m to 0.9m, to avoid coarse material overflowing. The horizontal distance from the center of the bottom of the distribution arc 3.1 to the overflow weir 3.4 is set as 'L', with 'L' ranging from 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the width f of the countercurrent classification zone, to ensure that intermediate particle size material is fully separated before entering the overflow trough 3.6.

[0041] The height e of the countercurrent classification zone ranges from 300 mm to 500 mm. If the height is too low, the particle residence time will be insufficient, resulting in poor classification effect. If the height is too high, it may increase the equipment size and energy consumption. The central angle j of the distribution arc 3.1 ranges from 60 degrees to 150 degrees. When the arc is smaller, the upward angle of the slurry is steeper, and the inertial separation effect of coarse particles is more obvious. When the arc is larger, such as 120°, the slurry movement trajectory is gentler, and the particle residence time is extended, which is suitable for fine particle enhanced classification. The height i of the distribution arc 3.1 is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the height e of the countercurrent classification zone to avoid insufficient head or excessive turbulence.

[0042] The width f of the countercurrent classification zone is 1.0 to 1.2 times the width G of the distribution arc 3.1 to ensure a smooth transition of the slurry flow field; the width G of the distribution arc 3.1 is 1.2 to 1.5 times the diameter d2 of the underflow pipe 4.3 to ensure uniform distribution of the slurry; the diameter d2 of the underflow pipe 4.3 is determined based on the diameter D of the hydrocyclone column section 4.1, and is 0.2 to 0.35 times the diameter D of the hydrocyclone column section 4.1.

[0043] The diameter of the flow distribution holes 3.8 on the inclined plate 3.2 ranges from 5 mm to 10 mm, and the spacing between adjacent flow distribution holes 3.8 is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the flow distribution holes 3.8; the flow distribution holes 3.8 are arranged in a ring array to ensure that the rising water flow uniformly covers the countercurrent classification zone; the rising water flow velocity is between the settling velocity of intermediate-sized materials and the settling velocity of coarse-sized materials.

[0044] The invention modifies the slurry feeding method based on the traditional classifying hydrocyclone and adds a countercurrent classifier 3, achieving three-product classification. The underflow of the classifying hydrocyclone 4 mainly consists of coarse and medium-sized materials. In the countercurrent classifier 3, the slurry is distributed by the distribution arc 3.1, causing it to rise at a certain speed within the countercurrent classifier. At this point, the coarse and medium-sized materials are lifted to different heights due to inertia, achieving preliminary classification.

[0045] Meanwhile, due to the effect of the rising water flow, the intermediate particle size material is further pushed into the overflow trough 3.6, while the coarse particle size material passes through the countercurrent classification zone under the action of gravity and enters the underflow discharge port 3.5.

[0046] During operation, the particles to be selected (-1.5mm) are fed into the slurry distributor 1 under a certain pressure. Through the distribution action of the slurry distributor 1, the slurry is evenly distributed to the feed inlets of each classifying hydrocyclone 4. Fine particles (-0.25mm) are discharged from the overflow pipe 4.4 of the classifying hydrocyclone 4 and enter the overflow collection box 2 as fine particles. After the classification action of the classifying hydrocyclone 4, the underflow of the classifying hydrocyclone 4 is distributed by the distribution arc 3.1, which lifts the slurry upward. Then, under the action of the top water, the intermediate particles in the underflow of the classifying hydrocyclone 4 continue to move upward and enter the overflow tank 3.6. The coarser particles in the underflow settle down to the vicinity of the underflow discharge port 3.5 under the action of gravity through the countercurrent classification zone. The underflow discharge port 3.5 is equipped with a periodically opening and closing valve, which can realize periodic discharge, thereby causing the coarse particles near the underflow discharge port 3.5 to be discharged from the equipment as coarse particles.

[0047] This invention proposes a three-product micro-fine particle cyclone-countercurrent classification equipment, which realizes the three-product classification of coarse coal slime. One of the core features is the control of the diameter d2 of the underflow pipe 4.3 and the insertion depth h1 of the overflow pipe 4.4. The diameter d2 of the underflow pipe 4.3 is determined and adjusted according to the size of the classifying cyclone 4. The insertion depth h1 of the overflow pipe 4.4 refers to the length of one section of the overflow pipe 4.4 inserted into the classifying cyclone 4, which is the distance from the bottom of the overflow pipe 4.4 to the top cover of the classifying cyclone 4. Decreasing the insertion depth h1 of the overflow pipe 4.4 results in finer grading particles; increasing the insertion depth h1 of the overflow pipe 4.4 results in coarser grading particles. The insertion depth h1 of the overflow pipe 4.4 is generally 0.3 to 0.7 times the diameter D of the hydrocyclone column section 4.1. Adjusting the insertion depth h1 of the overflow pipe 4.4 within this range allows the grading hydrocyclone 4 to still achieve grading under the action of swirling flow in a water-sealed environment. The second key feature is the design of a special distribution arc 3.1, which allows the underflow of the grading hydrocyclone 4 to rise upward under the guidance of the distribution arc 3.1, forming a primary countercurrent grading. The third key feature is the design of a special countercurrent grading box 3, where the rising water flow can move upward at a certain speed under the action of the distribution holes, forming a countercurrent grading zone and creating a secondary enhanced countercurrent grading.

[0048] Compared to traditional hydrocyclone assemblies, this invention enables secondary classification of the underflow in hydrocyclone 4, effectively controlling the content of fine particles entrained in the underflow. This invention can adjust the rising water flow characteristics according to the physical properties of the underflow in hydrocyclone 4, effectively ensuring the quality of the coarse underflow product and exhibiting strong adaptability to fluctuations in coal production. The hydrocyclone 4 involved in this invention adopts a water seal design with an underflow tube 4.3, eliminating air columns during the swirling process, ensuring classification effect and stability while effectively reducing energy consumption.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A three-product micro-fine particle cyclone-counterflow classification equipment, characterized in that: comprising a slurry distributor (1), an overflow collection tank (2), a counterflow classification tank (3) and a plurality of classification cyclones (4); the upper end of the slurry distributor (1) is provided with a slurry feeding port (1.1), and a plurality of classification cyclones (4) are arranged along the outer periphery of the slurry distributor (1), the feeding port of the classification cyclone (4) is connected to the outer wall of the slurry distributor (1) and communicates with the inner cavity of the slurry distributor (1), and the slurry distributor (1) is used for uniformly distributing the slurry to each classification cyclone (4); the overflow collection tank (2) is arranged at the lower end of the slurry distributor (1), the upper end of the classification cyclone (4) is provided with an overflow pipe (4.4), the discharge end of the overflow pipe (4.4) is located in the interior of the overflow collection tank (2), the overflow collection tank (2) is used for collecting fine particle materials in the slurry, and the fine particle materials enter the interior of the overflow collection tank (2) through the overflow pipe (4.4) of the classification cyclone (4); the counterflow classification tank (3) is arranged at the lower end of the overflow collection tank (2) and is supported on the ground by a rack (5), the discharge port at the bottom of the classification cyclone (4) is located in the interior of the counterflow classification tank (3) and is water-sealed, and the interior of the counterflow classification tank (3) is provided with a counterflow classification zone, a coarse particle material collection zone and an intermediate particle size material collection zone, wherein the counterflow classification zone is used for separating coarse particle materials and intermediate particle size materials in the slurry through an arc-shaped upward structure and an upward water flow, the coarse particle material collection zone is used for collecting the separated coarse particle materials, and the intermediate particle size material collection zone is used for collecting the separated intermediate particle size materials; the overflow collection tank (2), the coarse particle material collection zone and the intermediate particle size material collection zone are all provided with ports for unloading materials; the counterflow classification zone comprises a primary classification zone and a secondary classification zone, the arc-shaped upward structure is a distribution arc (3.1) at the bottom of the primary classification zone, the distribution arc (3.1) is located below the classification cyclone (4), and the distribution arc (3.1) is used for preliminarily classifying the coarse particle materials and the intermediate particle size materials in the slurry under the action of inertia; the secondary classification zone comprises an upward water flow entering zone and an upward water flow classification zone, the upward water flow entering zone and the upward water flow classification zone are separated by an inclined plate (3.2) provided with flow distribution holes (3.8) in a tilted manner, the inclined plate (3.2) provided with flow distribution holes (3.8) is used for adjusting the speed of the upward water flow, the bottom of the upward water flow entering zone is provided with a water inlet pipe (3.3), and each classification cyclone (4) corresponds to one water inlet pipe (3.3); the upward water flow classification zone is used for secondarily classifying the coarse particle materials and the intermediate particle size materials in the preliminarily classified slurry, and the secondarily classified coarse particle materials and intermediate particle size materials enter the coarse particle material collection zone and the intermediate particle size material collection zone, respectively. 2.A three-product micro-fine particle cyclone-counterflow classification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The classification cyclone (4) comprises a cyclone column section (4.1), a cyclone cone section (4.2) and a underflow pipe (4.3) arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the feed inlet of the classification cyclone (4) is communicated with the cyclone column section (4.1), the end of the cyclone cone section (4.2) and the underflow pipe (4.3) are located inside the countercurrent classification tank (3), and the bottom of the overflow pipe (4.4) located in the classification cyclone (4) is located in the middle of the cyclone column section (4.1).

3. The three-product micro-fine particle cyclone-countercurrent classification equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The middle upper part of the upward water flow classification zone is located above one side of the discharge side of the distribution arc (3.1), the upper part of the upward water flow classification zone and the intermediate particle size material collection zone are provided with an overflow weir (3.4), a gap for the overflow of the intermediate particle size material is left between the overflow weir (3.4) and the top end of the countercurrent classification tank (3), the lower part of the upward water flow classification zone is located below one side of the discharge side of the distribution arc (3.1), the coarse particle material collection zone is located on one side of the bottom of the inclined surface of the inclined plate (3.2) and is arranged at the same angle as the inclined plate (3.2), the bottom of the coarse particle material collection zone is provided with an underflow discharge port (3.5), and all the classification cyclones (4) share one underflow discharge port (3.5).

4. The three-product micro-fine particle cyclone-countercurrent classification equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intermediate particle size material collection zone comprises an overflow tank (3.6) and an intermediate particle size material discharge port (3.7), wherein the overflow tank (3.6) is located on the side of the overflow weir (3.4) away from the upward water flow classification zone and is communicated with the upward water flow classification zone, and the intermediate particle size material discharge port (3.7) is arranged at the bottom end of the overflow tank (3.6).

5. The three-product micro-fine particle cyclone-countercurrent classification equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance between the top end of the arc-shaped top of the overflow weir (3.4) and the top end of the countercurrent classification tank (3) is a, the distance between the bottom end of the arc-shaped top of the overflow weir (3.4) and the top end of the countercurrent classification tank (3) is m, and the value range of a is 0.8m-0.9m, so as to avoid coarse overflow; The horizontal distance between the center of the arc bottom of the distribution arc (3.1) and the overflow weir (3.4) is L, and the value range of L is 1 / 2-2 / 3 of the width f of the countercurrent classification zone, so as to ensure that the intermediate particle size material is fully separated and then enters the overflow tank (3.6).

6. The three-product micro-fine particle cyclone-countercurrent classification equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height e of the countercurrent classification zone is 300mm-500mm, the central angle j of the distribution arc (3.1) is 60 degrees-150 degrees, and the height i of the distribution arc (3.1) is 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the height e of the countercurrent classification zone. The width f of the countercurrent classification zone is 1.0-1.2 times the width G of the distribution arc (3.1), the width G of the distribution arc (3.1) is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter d2 of the underflow pipe (4.3), the diameter d2 of the underflow pipe (4.3) is determined according to the diameter D of the cyclone column section (4.1) and is 0.2-0.35 times the diameter D of the cyclone column section (4.1); The insertion depth of the overflow pipe (4.4) is h1, the insertion depth h1 of the overflow pipe (4.4) refers to the length of the overflow pipe (4.4) inserted into the inside of the classification cyclone (4), and the insertion depth h1 of the overflow pipe (4.4) is 0.3-0.7 times the diameter D of the cyclone column section (4.1).

7. A three-product microfine particle cyclone-countercurrent classification apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: The diameter of the flow distribution hole (3.8) on the inclined plate (3.2) is 5-10 mm, and the distance between adjacent flow distribution holes (3.8) is 2-3 times the diameter of the flow distribution hole (3.8); the flow distribution holes (3.8) are arranged in a ring array to ensure that the upward water flow uniformly covers the countercurrent classification zone.

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