Wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy composite material, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of aluminum alloy powder, 5-10 parts of ternary reinforcing phase, 3-8 parts of multifunctional nano reinforcing phase, 1-3 parts of titanium dihydride powder and 0.5-1 part of stearic acid; the ternary reinforcing phase is prepared from graphene oxide, carbon nanotube and the like; the multifunctional nano reinforcing phase is prepared from nano cerium oxide and boron nitride nanosheet; and the aluminum alloy composite material is prepared through combination of various preparation processes; the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material has high strength, high elongation at break and high wear resistance, and is suitable for fields of aerospace, automobile industry and electronic devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy composite materials technology, and in particular to a wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and high-end equipment due to their low density, high specific strength, and good machinability. However, traditional aluminum alloys have significant shortcomings in wear resistance and long-term service life, especially under high-speed friction or corrosive conditions, where they are prone to severe wear and performance degradation, limiting their long-term service capability in harsh environments. For example, critical components such as aero-engine blades and automotive brake discs require frequent replacement due to insufficient wear resistance, significantly increasing maintenance costs; mold materials are prone to thermal fatigue and wear failure under high temperature and pressure, shortening their service life. Therefore, the poor wear resistance and mechanical property stability of traditional aluminum alloys severely limit their application range.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application No. CN202211154387.7 discloses a high-entropy alloy and aluminum alloy composite material with high wear resistance and its preparation method. This invention first mixes high-entropy alloy and aluminum alloy powders to prepare a composite powder. This powder is then formed into a plate-like composite material using hot pressing and extrusion molding. Next, high-entropy alloy powder of the same composition is pressed onto the surface of the composite material plate, and a rolling process is used to prepare a composite sheet with an outer layer of high-entropy alloy and an inner layer combining high-entropy alloy and aluminum alloy. Finally, laser remelting technology is used to strengthen the surface of the composite material to prevent crack formation. This invention's high-entropy alloy and aluminum alloy composite material can significantly reduce production costs and possesses excellent surface properties close to those of a single high-entropy alloy. Chinese Patent Application No. CN202210287688.0 discloses a high-conductivity, high-strength rare-earth aluminum alloy composite material for splicing fittings and its preparation method, specifically including the following steps: (1) placing aluminum blocks into a melting furnace for melting and holding at a certain temperature to obtain aluminum melt; (2) raising the temperature of the aluminum melt and adding rare-earth metals, and continuing to hold the aluminum melt at a certain temperature; (3) injecting potassium fluoroborate into the aluminum melt as a borizing agent through nitrogen gas at a specific temperature, and then letting it stand; (4) adding a refining agent into the aluminum melt again through nitrogen gas; (5) allowing the aluminum melt to stand and then removing slag, then removing it from the furnace and casting it into ingot bars; (6) cutting off the head and tail of the ingot bars, surface oxidation treatment, and extrusion deformation to obtain extruded parts; (7) performing solid solution aging treatment on the extruded parts, and then performing cold rolling treatment to obtain rare-earth aluminum alloy composite material. This invention significantly improves the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy composite materials through various processes such as rare earth metal addition, boronizing, solution treatment, aging, and cold rolling. Although the two aforementioned applications have made numerous improvements in materials and processes, the enhancements in the wear resistance and mechanical properties of the composite materials remain limited, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-performance applications.

[0004] Therefore, developing an aluminum alloy composite material with high hardness, high strength and excellent wear resistance has become one of the current research priorities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material and its preparation method. By utilizing the reinforcing and synergistic effects of specific ternary reinforcing phases and multifunctional nano-reinforcing phases, and through precise control of the preparation conditions of each reinforcing phase and the composite material preparation process, a wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above objectives is as follows:

[0007] A wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts aluminum alloy powder, 5-10 parts ternary reinforcing phase, 3-8 parts multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, 1-3 parts titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and 0.5-1 parts stearic acid.

[0008] The preparation method of the ternary reinforced phase is as follows:

[0009] Step S1: First, disperse graphene oxide in deionized water and sonicate for 30-60 minutes. Then add carbon nanotubes and continue sonicating for 30-60 minutes to obtain a mixed solution.

[0010] Step S2: Add reducing agent and dopamine hydrochloride to the mixed solution obtained in step S1, stir and react at 60-80℃ for 2-4 hours, and obtain the composite reinforced phase after post-treatment;

[0011] Step S3: Dissolve silver nitrate in anhydrous ethanol, add the composite reinforcing phase, sonicate for 10-20 min, then add formaldehyde solution, stir for 30-60 min, and obtain the ternary reinforcing phase after post-treatment.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the amount of graphene oxide added to the deionized water is 0.5-1 mg / mL, and the mass ratio of graphene oxide to carbon nanotubes is 1-3:1.

[0013] Further, in step S2, the amount of reducing agent added to the mixed solution is 0.5-2 mg / mL, and the mass ratio of reducing agent to dopamine hydrochloride is 100-200:1.

[0014] Furthermore, the reducing agent mentioned in step S2 is one or more of hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, and ascorbic acid.

[0015] Further, in step S3, the amount of silver nitrate added to the anhydrous ethanol is 8-9 mg / mL, the mass ratio of the composite reinforcing phase to silver nitrate is 1:0.05-0.1, the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 35-40%, and the molar ratio of silver nitrate to formaldehyde is 1:1-3.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation method of the multifunctional nano-reinforced phase is as follows:

[0017] Step A: Add ammonium carbonate solution to cerium nitrate solution, stir and react at 60-70℃ for 3-4 hours, keep the temperature constant and age for 30-60 minutes, and then perform post-processing to obtain nano-cerium oxide powder;

[0018] Step B: Disperse the nano-cerium oxide powder in anhydrous ethanol, add boric acid and urea, and react at 150-160℃ for 12-15h. After post-treatment, obtain the multifunctional nano-reinforced phase.

[0019] Further, in step A, the concentration of the ammonium carbonate solution is 0.1-0.3 mol / L, the concentration of the cerium nitrate solution is 0.2-0.5 mol / L, and the volume ratio of the ammonium carbonate solution to the cerium nitrate solution is 1-2:1.

[0020] Furthermore, in step B, the amount of nano-cerium oxide powder added to the anhydrous ethanol is 0.5-1 g / 100 mL, and the molar ratio of boric acid, urea, and nano-cerium oxide powder is 1:1-1.5:1-3.

[0021] This invention also provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0022] (1) The ternary reinforcing phase, the multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, stearic acid, titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder and aluminum alloy powder are ball-milled and mixed in an inert atmosphere to obtain a mixture;

[0023] (2) The mixture obtained in step (1) is cold-pressed, vacuum sintered, and hot isostatically pressed to obtain a preform;

[0024] (3) The preform obtained in step (2) is subjected to solution treatment, water quenching and aging treatment to obtain the final product.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention first prepares a ternary reinforcing phase through chemical modification using graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes as raw materials. The synergistic effect of graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes enhances the strength and toughness of the material, while the introduction of silver nanoparticles further improves the overall performance of the composite material. Then, a multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase is prepared through chemical modification using nano-cerium oxide, boric acid, and urea as raw materials. The nanoscale particle size and excellent chemical stability of the multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase enable it to provide good reinforcement and lubrication in the composite material. The combined effect of the ternary reinforcing phase and the multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase further increases the density of the material, reduces defects and voids in the matrix, thereby improving the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the material.

[0027] This invention combines multifunctional nano-reinforcing phases and ternary reinforcing phases with raw materials such as aluminum alloy powder and titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and then uses various preparation processes to obtain aluminum alloy composite materials with excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance. Both the multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase and the ternary reinforcing phase play key reinforcing roles in the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material, each possessing unique performance-enhancing effects. Through synergistic effects, they further improve the wear resistance and mechanical properties of the composite material. Therefore, the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material prepared by this invention has broad application prospects in aerospace, automotive industry, and electronic devices. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] All raw materials used in the following examples are commercially available products. The aluminum alloy powder, grade 6061, with a particle size of 15-53 μm and an effective component content of 99.99%, containing Cu (wt%) 0.15-0.40, Mg (wt%) 0.8-1.2, and Si (wt%) 0.4-1.8, was purchased from Hunan Sanliujiu Metallurgical Technology Co., Ltd.; the titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, with a particle size of 2000 mesh and an effective component content of 99.5%, was purchased from Hebei Tengshuang Metal Materials Co., Ltd.; the graphene oxide powder, with a particle size of 2000 mesh and an effective component content of 99%, was purchased from Lingshou County Bohan Mineral Products Co., Ltd.; and the carbon nanotubes, with a diameter of 1.5-1.7 nm, a length of 100 μm, and an effective component content of 99.9%, model TF-1000, were purchased from Qinghe County Ruijiang Metal Materials Co., Ltd.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts aluminum alloy powder, 5 parts ternary reinforcing phase, 3 parts multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, 1 part titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and 0.5 parts stearic acid.

[0032] The preparation method of the ternary reinforced phase is as follows:

[0033] Step S1: First, disperse graphene oxide in deionized water and sonicate it at a frequency of 40kHz and a power of 300W for 60 minutes. Then add carbon nanotubes and continue sonicating for 60 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. The amount of graphene oxide added to the deionized water is 0.5mg / mL, and the mass ratio of graphene oxide to carbon nanotubes is 1:1.

[0034] Step S2: Add hydrazine hydrate and dopamine hydrochloride to the mixed solution obtained in step S1, stir and react at 60°C for 4 hours, cool naturally to room temperature, centrifuge twice at 10000 rpm for 10 min each time, wash the centrifuged product three times with deionized water, and then vacuum dry at 60°C to constant weight to obtain the composite reinforcing phase. The amount of hydrazine hydrate added in the mixed solution is 0.5 mg / mL, and the mass ratio of hydrazine hydrate to dopamine hydrochloride is 100:1.

[0035] Step S3: Dissolve silver nitrate in anhydrous ethanol, add the composite reinforcing phase, sonicate at 40kHz and 300W for 10min, then add formaldehyde solution dropwise at 0.5mL / min, stir for 30min, centrifuge twice at 6000rpm for 10min each time, then wash alternately with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for a total of 4 times, and vacuum dry at 60℃ to constant weight to obtain the ternary reinforcing phase. The amount of silver nitrate added in anhydrous ethanol is 8mg / mL, the mass ratio of composite reinforcing phase to silver nitrate is 1:0.05, the concentration of formaldehyde solution is 35%, and the molar ratio of silver nitrate to formaldehyde is 1:1.

[0036] The preparation method of the multifunctional nano-reinforced phase is as follows:

[0037] Step A: Under stirring at 600 rpm, ammonium carbonate solution is added dropwise to cerium nitrate solution at a dropping rate of 2 mL / min. The mixture is then stirred at 60℃ for 4 h, aged at a constant temperature for 30 min, and then allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. The mixture is filtered, and the filtered product is washed three times with deionized water. It is then vacuum dried at 60℃ to constant weight. The dried solid is then calcined at 800℃ for 6 h at a rate of 10℃ / min. Zirconia balls with diameters of 10 mm, 5 mm, and 2 mm are selected and arranged in a weight ratio of 2:5:3 (ball-to-material ratio of 10:1). The ball milling is performed at 300 rpm until the solid particle size reaches 20-30 nm, yielding nano-cerium oxide powder. The concentration of ammonium carbonate solution is 0.1 mol / L, the concentration of cerium nitrate solution is 0.2 mol / L, and the volume ratio of ammonium carbonate solution to cerium nitrate solution is 1:1.

[0038] Step B: Disperse the nano-cerium oxide powder in anhydrous ethanol, add boric acid and urea, react at 150℃ for 15h, centrifuge twice at 8000rpm for 10min each time, wash twice each with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and vacuum dry at 60℃ to constant weight to obtain a multifunctional nano-reinforced phase. The amount of nano-cerium oxide powder added in anhydrous ethanol is 0.5g / 100mL, and the molar ratio of boric acid, urea and nano-cerium oxide powder is 1:1:1.

[0039] A method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material includes the following steps:

[0040] (1) Ternary reinforcing phase, multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, stearic acid, titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder and aluminum alloy powder are ball-milled and mixed in nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours to obtain a mixture. The ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, the rotation speed is 200 rpm, and zirconium dioxide balls are selected. The diameters of large, medium and small balls are 10 mm, 5 mm and 2 mm, respectively, and the weight ratio of the three types of balls is 2:5:3.

[0041] (2) The mixture obtained in step (1) is cold-pressed at 400 MPa for 5 min, heated to 600 °C at 5 °C / min and vacuum sintered for 2 h, and hot isostatic pressing at 550 °C and 100 MPa for 2 h to obtain the preform.

[0042] (3) The preform obtained in step (2) is subjected to solution treatment at 550℃ for 4 hours, then water-cooled and quenched, and then aged at 200℃ for 12 hours to obtain the final product.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts aluminum alloy powder, 8 parts ternary reinforcing phase, 5 parts multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, 2 parts titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and 0.8 parts stearic acid.

[0045] The preparation method of the ternary reinforced phase is as follows:

[0046] Step S1: First, disperse graphene oxide in deionized water and sonicate it at a frequency of 40kHz and a power of 300W for 40 minutes. Then add carbon nanotubes and continue sonicating for 50 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. The amount of graphene oxide added to the deionized water is 0.8mg / mL, and the mass ratio of graphene oxide to carbon nanotubes is 2:1.

[0047] Step S2: Add sodium borohydride and dopamine hydrochloride to the mixed solution obtained in step S1, stir and react at 70°C for 3 hours, cool naturally to room temperature, centrifuge twice at 10000 rpm for 10 minutes each time, wash the centrifuged product three times with deionized water, and then vacuum dry at 60°C to constant weight to obtain the composite reinforcing phase. The amount of sodium borohydride added in the mixed solution is 1 mg / mL, and the mass ratio of sodium borohydride to dopamine hydrochloride is 150:1.

[0048] Step S3: Dissolve silver nitrate in anhydrous ethanol, add the composite reinforcing phase, sonicate at 40kHz and 300W for 15min, then add formaldehyde solution dropwise at 0.5mL / min, stir for 40min, centrifuge twice at 6000rpm for 10min each time, then wash alternately with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for a total of 4 times, and vacuum dry at 60℃ to constant weight to obtain the ternary reinforcing phase. The amount of silver nitrate added in anhydrous ethanol is 8.5mg / mL, the mass ratio of composite reinforcing phase to silver nitrate is 1:0.08, the concentration of formaldehyde solution is 37%, and the molar ratio of silver nitrate to formaldehyde is 1:2.

[0049] The preparation method of the multifunctional nano-reinforced phase is as follows:

[0050] Step A: Under stirring at 600 rpm, ammonium carbonate solution was added dropwise to cerium nitrate solution at a dropping rate of 2 mL / min. The mixture was then stirred at 65℃ for 3.5 h, aged at a constant temperature for 40 min, and then allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. The mixture was filtered, and the filtered product was washed three times with deionized water. It was then vacuum dried at 60℃ to constant weight. The dried solid was then calcined at 850℃ for 5.5 h at a rate of 10℃ / min. Zirconia balls were selected, with large, medium, and small diameters of 10 mm, 5 mm, and 2 mm, respectively. The weight ratio of the three types of balls was 2:5:3, the ball-to-material ratio was 10:1, and the rotation speed was 300 rpm. The mixture was ball-milled until the solid particle size reached 20-30 nm to obtain nano-cerium oxide powder. The concentration of ammonium carbonate solution was 0.2 mol / L, the concentration of cerium nitrate solution was 0.3 mol / L, and the volume ratio of ammonium carbonate solution to cerium nitrate solution was 1.5:1.

[0051] Step B: Disperse the nano-cerium oxide powder in anhydrous ethanol, add boric acid and urea, react at 155℃ for 13h, centrifuge twice at 8000rpm for 10min each time, wash twice each with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and vacuum dry at 60℃ to constant weight to obtain a multifunctional nano-reinforced phase. The amount of nano-cerium oxide powder added in anhydrous ethanol is 0.8g / 100mL, and the molar ratio of boric acid, urea and nano-cerium oxide powder is 1:1.3:2.

[0052] The preparation method of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 1.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts aluminum alloy powder, 10 parts ternary reinforcing phase, 8 parts multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, 3 parts titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and 1 part stearic acid.

[0055] The preparation methods for the ternary reinforcing phase, the multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, and the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material are all the same as those in Example 2, except that the reducing agent in step S2 is ascorbic acid.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] A wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts aluminum alloy powder, 5 parts ternary reinforcing phase, 3 parts multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, 1 part titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and 0.5 parts stearic acid; the remainder is the same as in Example 2.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] A wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts aluminum alloy powder, 1 part ternary reinforcing phase, 1 part multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, 2 parts titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and 0.8 parts stearic acid.

[0060] The preparation method of the ternary reinforced phase is as follows:

[0061] Step S1: First, disperse graphene oxide in deionized water and sonicate it at a frequency of 40kHz and a power of 300W for 40 minutes. Then add carbon nanotubes and continue sonicating for 50 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. The amount of graphene oxide added to the deionized water is 0.8mg / mL, and the mass ratio of graphene oxide to carbon nanotubes is 2:1.

[0062] Step S2: Add sodium borohydride and dopamine hydrochloride to the mixed solution obtained in step S1, stir and react at room temperature for 3 hours, centrifuge twice at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes each time, wash the centrifuged product three times with deionized water, and then vacuum dry at 60℃ to constant weight to obtain the composite reinforcing phase. The amount of sodium borohydride added in the mixed solution is 1 mg / mL, and the mass ratio of sodium borohydride to dopamine hydrochloride is 150:1.

[0063] Step S3: Dissolve silver nitrate in anhydrous ethanol, add the composite reinforcing phase, sonicate at 40kHz and 300W for 15min, then add formaldehyde solution dropwise at 0.5mL / min, stir for 40min, centrifuge twice at 6000rpm for 10min each time, then wash alternately with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for a total of 4 times, and vacuum dry at 60℃ to constant weight to obtain the ternary reinforcing phase. The amount of silver nitrate added in anhydrous ethanol is 8.5mg / mL, the mass ratio of composite reinforcing phase to silver nitrate is 1:0.01, the concentration of formaldehyde solution is 37%, and the molar ratio of silver nitrate to formaldehyde is 1:0.1.

[0064] The preparation method of the multifunctional nano-reinforced phase is as follows:

[0065] Step A: Under stirring at 600 rpm, ammonium carbonate solution was added dropwise to cerium nitrate solution at a dropping rate of 2 mL / min. The mixture was then stirred and reacted at 65℃ for 3.5 h. After filtration, the filtered product was washed three times with deionized water and then vacuum dried at 60℃ to constant weight. The dried solid was then calcined at 850℃ for 5.5 h at a rate of 10℃ / min. Zirconia balls were selected, with large, medium, and small diameters of 10 mm, 5 mm, and 2 mm, respectively. The weight ratio of the three types of balls was 2:5:3, the ball-to-material ratio was 10:1, and the rotation speed was 300 rpm. The mixture was ball-milled until the solid particle size reached 20-30 nm to obtain nano-cerium oxide powder. The concentration of ammonium carbonate solution was 0.2 mol / L, the concentration of cerium nitrate solution was 0.3 mol / L, and the volume ratio of ammonium carbonate solution to cerium nitrate solution was 0.5:1.

[0066] Step B: Disperse the nano-cerium oxide powder in anhydrous ethanol, add boric acid and urea, react at 60℃ for 1 h, centrifuge twice at 8000 rpm for 10 min each time, wash twice each with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and vacuum dry at 60℃ to constant weight to obtain a multifunctional nano-reinforced phase. The amount of nano-cerium oxide powder added in anhydrous ethanol is 0.8 g / 100 mL, and the molar ratio of boric acid, urea and nano-cerium oxide powder is 1:1.3:2.

[0067] The preparation method of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] A wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts aluminum alloy powder, 8 parts ternary reinforcing phase, 5 parts multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, 2 parts titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and 0.8 parts stearic acid.

[0070] The preparation method of the ternary reinforced phase is as follows:

[0071] Step S1: First, disperse graphene oxide in deionized water and sonicate it at a frequency of 40kHz and a power of 300W for 40 minutes. Then add carbon nanotubes and continue sonicating for 50 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. The amount of graphene oxide added to the deionized water is 0.8mg / mL, and the mass ratio of graphene oxide to carbon nanotubes is 2:1.

[0072] Step S2: Add sodium borohydride and dopamine hydrochloride to the mixed solution obtained in step S1, stir and react at 70°C for 3 hours, and after naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifuge twice at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes each time. Wash the centrifuged product three times with deionized water, and then vacuum dry at 60°C to constant weight to obtain the ternary reinforcing phase. The amount of sodium borohydride added to the mixed solution is 1 mg / mL, and the mass ratio of sodium borohydride to dopamine hydrochloride is 150:1; the rest is the same as in Example 2.

[0073] Comparative Example 3

[0074] A wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts aluminum alloy powder, 8 parts ternary reinforcing phase, 5 parts multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, 2 parts titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and 0.8 parts stearic acid.

[0075] The preparation method of the ternary reinforcing phase is as follows: First, graphene oxide is dispersed in deionized water and sonicated at a frequency of 40 kHz and a power of 300 W for 40 min. Then, carbon nanotubes are added and sonicated for another 50 min to obtain a mixed solution. The solution is centrifuged twice at 10,000 rpm for 10 min each time. The centrifuged product is washed three times with deionized water and then vacuum dried at 60 °C to constant weight to obtain the ternary reinforcing phase. The amount of graphene oxide added to the deionized water is 0.8 mg / mL, and the mass ratio of graphene oxide to carbon nanotubes is 2:1. The rest is the same as in Example 2.

[0076] Comparative Example 4

[0077] A wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts aluminum alloy powder, 8 parts graphene oxide, 2 parts titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and 0.8 parts stearic acid.

[0078] The preparation method of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 2.

[0079] Mechanical properties: Tensile strength and elongation at break were tested according to GB / T 228.1-2021 "Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Test method at room temperature"; bending strength was tested according to GB / T 232-2024 "Metallic materials - Bending test method".

[0080] Wear resistance: Hardness (HV) was tested according to GB / T 4340.1-2024 "Metallic materials Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method" and friction coefficient was tested according to GB / T 12444-2006 "Metallic materials wear test method test ring-block sliding wear test".

[0081] Table 1 Performance Tests of Wear-Resistant Aluminum Alloy Composites

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] As shown in Table 1, the mechanical properties of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite materials prepared in Examples 1-4, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and flexural strength, as well as the wear resistance properties such as hardness and coefficient of friction, are all better than those in Comparative Example 1. Therefore, it can be concluded that the formulation proposed in this invention for preparing wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite materials is optimal.

[0085] As shown in Table 1, the tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural strength, hardness, and coefficient of friction of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material prepared in Comparative Example 2 are all lower than those of the examples. This is because the silver protective layer in step S3 was missing when preparing the aluminum alloy composite material of Comparative Example 2. In step S3, silver nitrate reacts with formaldehyde solution to generate silver nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the ternary reinforcing phase to form a silver protective layer. This silver protective layer can not only improve the interfacial bonding strength between the ternary reinforcing phase and the aluminum alloy matrix, thereby improving the tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the composite material, but also enhance the dispersion and interfacial bonding force of the ternary reinforcing phase in the aluminum alloy matrix, thereby reducing interfacial defects and improving the overall performance of the composite material.

[0086] As shown in Table 1, the tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural strength, hardness, and coefficient of friction of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material prepared in Comparative Example 3 are further reduced compared with those of Examples and Comparative Example 2. This is because the aluminum alloy composite material of Comparative Example 3 lacks both the silver protective layer in step S3 and the polydopamine chemical modification in step S2. The polydopamine layer can firmly adhere to the surface of graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes, providing a stable substrate for subsequent silver nanolayer deposition. In addition, the polydopamine layer can improve the interfacial bonding strength between the ternary reinforcing phase and the aluminum alloy matrix, reduce the shedding of the ternary reinforcing phase during friction, and the high-hardness reinforcing phase bears part of the load, protecting the softer aluminum alloy matrix, thereby significantly improving the wear resistance and hardness of the composite material. The polydopamine layer also has good adhesion, which can effectively transfer stress and reduce stress concentration at the interface, thereby improving the overall strength of the composite material.

[0087] As shown in Table 1, the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material prepared in Comparative Example 4 exhibits the worst performance in all aspects. This is because the ternary reinforcing phase in the preparation of the aluminum alloy composite material in Comparative Example 4 was replaced by graphene oxide, and the introduction of the multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase was lacking. The composite structure of graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes in the ternary reinforcing phase can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the composite material. Meanwhile, the nano-cerium oxide in the multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase has a high specific surface area and excellent chemical stability, and can form a uniformly distributed reinforcing phase in the aluminum alloy matrix, thereby improving the overall strength and hardness of the composite material. The boron nitride coating layer generated in step B can significantly reduce the wear of the composite material, and the nano-cerium oxide powder also has good wear resistance and fatigue resistance. Therefore, the multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase can form a protective layer in the composite material, further reducing the friction and wear of the aluminum alloy composite material.

[0088] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 75-85 parts aluminum alloy powder, 5-10 parts ternary reinforcing phase, 3-8 parts multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, 1-3 parts titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and 0.5-1 parts stearic acid. The preparation method of the ternary reinforced phase is as follows: Step S1: First, disperse graphene oxide in deionized water and sonicate for 30-60 minutes. Then add carbon nanotubes and continue sonicating for 30-60 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. Step S2: Add reducing agent and dopamine hydrochloride to the mixed solution obtained in step S1, stir and react at 60-80℃ for 2-4 hours, and obtain the composite reinforced phase after post-treatment; Step S3: Dissolve silver nitrate in anhydrous ethanol, add the composite reinforcing phase, sonicate for 10-20 min, then add formaldehyde solution, stir for 30-60 min, and obtain the ternary reinforcing phase after post-treatment; The preparation method of the multifunctional nano-reinforced phase is as follows: Step A: Add ammonium carbonate solution to cerium nitrate solution, stir and react at 60-70℃ for 3-4 hours, keep the temperature constant and age for 30-60 minutes, and then perform post-processing to obtain nano-cerium oxide powder; Step B: Disperse the nano-cerium oxide powder in anhydrous ethanol, add boric acid and urea, and react at 150-160℃ for 12-15h. After post-treatment, obtain the multifunctional nano-reinforced phase.

2. The wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the amount of graphene oxide added to the deionized water is 0.5-1 mg / mL, and the mass ratio of graphene oxide to carbon nanotubes is 1-3:

1.

3. The wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the amount of reducing agent added to the mixed solution is 0.5-2 mg / mL, and the mass ratio of reducing agent to dopamine hydrochloride is 100-200:

1.

4. The wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reducing agent mentioned in step S2 is one or more of hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, and ascorbic acid.

5. The wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the amount of silver nitrate added to the anhydrous ethanol is 8-9 mg / mL, the mass ratio of the composite reinforcing phase to silver nitrate is 1:0.05-0.1, the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 35-40%, and the molar ratio of silver nitrate to formaldehyde is 1:1-3.

6. The wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step A, the concentration of the ammonium carbonate solution is 0.1-0.3 mol / L, the concentration of the cerium nitrate solution is 0.2-0.5 mol / L, and the volume ratio of the ammonium carbonate solution to the cerium nitrate solution is 1-2:

1.

7. The wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step B, the amount of nano-cerium oxide powder added to the anhydrous ethanol is 0.5-1 g / 100 mL, and the molar ratio of boric acid, urea, and nano-cerium oxide powder is 1:1-1.5:1-3.

8. The method for preparing the wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The ternary reinforcing phase, the multifunctional nano-reinforcing phase, stearic acid, titanium dihydrogen phosphate powder and aluminum alloy powder are ball-milled and mixed in an inert atmosphere to obtain a mixture; (2) The mixture obtained in step (1) is subjected to cold pressing, vacuum sintering, and hot isostatic pressing to obtain a preform; (3) The preform obtained in step (2) is subjected to solution treatment, water quenching and aging treatment to obtain the final product.

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