A device and method for in-situ manufacturing of one-piece formed copper-steel-copper clad structures by means of solidification process control

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method for realizing in-situ manufacturing of one-time forming of copper-steel-copper clad alloy through solidification process control, and belongs to the field of electric arc additive manufacturing. The device is mainly composed of a MIG welding gun, and a coaxial powder feeding and auxiliary heat source regulating device are innovatively integrated. Fe-based welding wire is used as a structural skeleton material in the central channel, and a powder feeder near the welding wire precisely delivers Cu-based powder as a functional cladding layer through argon. The outermost layer is a gas protection system, which avoids the interference of protective gas turbulence on the transport track of copper powder. Meanwhile, a TIG heat source is introduced to realize a rear dynamic temperature regulating technology. After the material cladding is completed by the MIG main arc, the deposited layer is subjected to secondary heat field intervention by the rear TIG arc, so as to provide sufficient kinetic conditions for Cu liquid phase migration. The method ensures that the liquid copper sufficiently migrates to both sides of the molten pool under the driving of surface tension and Marangoni convection, forms a gradient cladding structure with uniform thickness, and improves the microhardness of the interface area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, specifically to an apparatus and method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper coated alloys through solidification process control. Background Technology

[0002] Copper-steel-copper clad alloy is a layered composite material that combines the high electrical and thermal conductivity of copper with the high strength and low cost of iron through a composite structural design, overcoming the performance limitations of single metals. In manufacturing, its core significance lies in achieving efficient resource utilization: using iron as the core (accounting for over 70%) significantly reduces copper usage, saving strategic resources and reducing costs by 30%-50%, aligning with sustainable development needs. Its advantages are prominently manifested in optimized comprehensive performance: the outer copper layer ensures conductivity (over 90% of pure copper) and corrosion resistance, while the inner high-strength steel core enhances mechanical strength (tensile strength 5-8 times that of pure copper). The synergistic effect of copper and iron also endows the material with excellent fatigue resistance and a controllable coefficient of thermal expansion, making it suitable for vibration environments and precision devices. Furthermore, its adjustable electromagnetic properties make it outstanding in 5G communications and new energy fields—high-frequency current concentrates in the surface copper due to the skin effect, while the iron core enhances magnetic permeability, allowing for customization into electromagnetic shielding materials with both low resistance and high permeability. It is currently widely used in high-voltage cables, electric vehicle battery connectors, and lightweight aerospace components. In the future, through interface bonding technology optimization, its potential in cutting-edge fields such as flexible electronics and superconducting materials will be further released, making it one of the key materials for green manufacturing and high-end equipment.

[0003] Additive manufacturing technology, as a low-cost and highly flexible advanced manufacturing process, provides a revolutionary solution for the preparation of copper-steel-copper clad structures. Traditional processes employ a step-by-step processing mode of "additive manufacturing of the steel substrate first, followed by copper cladding," which has significant limitations: the two independent manufacturing processes not only extend the production cycle by 30%-50%, but also cause repeated thermal cycling at the copper-steel interface due to secondary heat input, inducing microcrack initiation and reducing interfacial bonding strength. Furthermore, traditional cladding techniques struggle to achieve uniform copper coating and precise shaping when dealing with complex structures such as curved surfaces, hollow areas, or internal flow channels. However, multi-material collaborative additive manufacturing technology, which enables the one-time forming of copper-steel-copper structures, overcomes these technical bottlenecks—simultaneously depositing copper / iron heterogeneous materials and utilizing the melting point difference between Cu and Fe to control the solidification process, allowing for uniform separation of Cu and Fe and automatic formation of the copper-steel-copper clad structure. This technological breakthrough has significant value for lightweight design of electromagnetic devices, development of graded functional materials, and the manufacturing of corrosion-resistant conductive composite components in the nuclear power and new energy fields. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses key technical challenges arising from the step-by-step manufacturing of heterogeneous metal-clad structures, such as interface defects, process complexity, and limited forming capabilities. It proposes an in-situ integrated manufacturing device and method for copper-steel-copper clad structures based on solidification process control. Through innovative design of a multi-heat source synergy and a wire-powder composite deposition system, this technology successfully achieves single-pass precise forming of copper-steel-copper sandwich structures, demonstrating significant application value in the manufacturing of corrosion-resistant conductive composite components for nuclear power equipment, high-frequency electronic devices, and other fields.

[0005] This invention provides a method for in-situ one-time molding of a copper-steel-copper cladding structure through solidification process control. In the in-situ manufacturing of the copper-steel-copper cladding structure, a MIG welding system is used. The central channel of the MIG welding torch of the MIG welding system uses high-strength steel welding wire as the structural skeleton material. The powder feeding channel near the welding wire uses argon gas to precisely deliver Cu-based powder as the functional cladding layer. After the MIG welding system completes the material cladding on the substrate, a TIG welding system is introduced behind the deposited layer. The arc generated by the TIG welding system provides secondary heat input to the deposited layer, providing sufficient kinetic conditions for the migration of the Cu liquid phase. Under the combined action of surface tension and Marangoni convection, the Cu liquid phase is continuously driven to both sides of the solidification front, ultimately forming a copper-steel-copper gradient structure.

[0006] Furthermore, the high-strength steel welding wire has a diameter of 1.0–1.2 mm, and the Cu-based powder has a particle size of 50–150 μm.

[0007] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the high-strength steel welding wire to the Cu-based powder fed per unit time is 2-3:1; the powder feeding speed of the MIG welding system is 5-20 g / min, and the wire feeding speed is 2-4 m / min.

[0008] Furthermore, the Cu-based powder is preheated by vacuum drying at 80-120°C for 2-4 hours; the substrate (9) is preheated at 100-200°C.

[0009] Furthermore, the arc generated by the TIG welding system is located 15-20 mm behind the arc generated by the MIG welding system.

[0010] Furthermore, the MIG welding system has a current of 150–200 A and a voltage of 20–24 V; the TIG welding system has a current of 120–150 A; and the electric arc generated by the TIG welding system provides a secondary heat input energy density of 5–8 J / mm² to the deposited layer. 2 .

[0011] Furthermore, the flow rate of argon gas in the powder feeding channel is 4-8 L / min; the outermost layer of the MIG welding torch is a shielding gas system, in which the flow rate of ionizing gas is 2-2.5 L / min and the flow rate of argon gas is 20-30 L / min.

[0012] This invention also provides an apparatus for in-situ one-step molding of a copper-steel-copper cladding structure through solidification process control, comprising: a MIG welding system, a substrate, a TIG welding system, and a powder feeding mechanism; the MIG welding system includes a MIG welding torch, which performs arc additive manufacturing on the substrate; the positive electrode of the MIG welding system is connected to a high-strength steel welding wire, and the negative electrode is connected to the substrate; the TIG welding system includes a TIG welding torch; the TIG welding system is located behind the MIG welding system; the positive electrode of the TIG welding system is connected to the substrate, and the negative electrode is connected to the TIG welding torch.

[0013] Furthermore, the MIG welding torch has an insulating slotted ceramic sleeve inside, and an ion gas shell, a powder feeding gas shell, and a welding torch shell are arranged sequentially outside the insulating slotted ceramic sleeve; ion gas is input through a first channel between the insulating slotted ceramic sleeve and the ion gas shell, Cu-based powder is delivered through a second channel between the ion gas shell and the powder feeding gas shell, and shielding gas is input through a third channel between the powder feeding gas shell and the welding torch shell; cooling water is circulated inside the ion gas shell and the powder feeding gas shell; a copper nozzle for powder and gas transmission is provided at the bottom of the MIG welding torch and is connected to the welding torch shell; a wire feed port is provided in the middle of the copper nozzle for powder and gas transmission; powder feed ports are arranged at both ends of the wire feed port, and a shielding gas outlet is provided on the outside of the copper nozzle for powder and gas transmission; the copper nozzle for powder and gas transmission is located at the bottom of the MIG welding torch; the distance between the bottom of the MIG welding torch and the substrate surface is 5-6 mm; the distance between the bottom of the TIG welding torch and the substrate surface is 4-5 mm.

[0014] The present invention also provides an in-situ manufactured one-time copper-steel-copper cladding structure, wherein the copper layer of the cladding layer accounts for 25-35% of the mass of the copper-steel-copper cladding structure.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. The method of this invention integrates a MIG arc fuse and a coaxial powder feeding system, combined with a post-positioned TIG heat source for dynamic temperature control, to achieve single-pass in-situ manufacturing of copper-steel-copper clad structures, completely eliminating the problem of interface thermal stress accumulation caused by two heat inputs in traditional step-by-step processes. This integrated and efficient forming method overcomes the bottlenecks of step-by-step manufacturing, shortening the production cycle, improving interface bonding strength, and significantly enhancing the reliability of components during service.

[0017] 2. The method of this invention provides precise solidification control and optimizes material phase separation. It innovatively utilizes the melting point difference between Fe (1538℃) and Cu (1083℃) and extends the flow time of liquid Cu through dual-arc synergistic thermal field regulation. The secondary heat input from the TIG heat source extends the Cu liquid phase separation time window to 0.8-1.2 seconds, ensuring that liquid copper fully migrates to both sides of the molten pool under the drive of surface tension and Marangoni convection, forming a uniformly thick gradient coating structure.

[0018] 3. The method of this invention produces a high-strength structure with a mutually reinforcing structure formed by trace mutual solubility. By precisely controlling the thermal history of the molten pool, a controllable trace mutual solubility effect (Fe-Cu mutual solubility ≤ 0.3%) is induced at the copper-iron interface, forming a unique nanoscale precipitation-reinforced structure. During the post-heating process of the TIG heat source, Fe and Cu atoms at the interface undergo restricted interdiffusion, generating a gradient transition layer with alternating distributions of submicron-sized Fe(Cu) solid solutions and Cu(Fe) supersaturated solid solutions. This microstructure evolution produces a dual strengthening mechanism: on the one hand, the lattice distortion caused by solid solution atoms induces a dislocation pinning effect, increasing the microhardness of the interface region; on the other hand, the dispersed precipitation of nanoscale Fe-rich and Cu-rich phases significantly enhances the interface's shear resistance.

[0019] 4. The technical system of this invention can be extended to metal combinations with significant differences in melting points and immiscibility, such as Al-Ti and Ni-Cu, providing a general manufacturing platform for lightweight composite components for aerospace and flexible electronic functional substrates, and has broad prospects for industrial application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the in-situ, one-time molding of a copper-steel-copper cladding structure achieved through solidification process control in this invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coaxial powder feeding MIG filament powder composite additive manufacturing device used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a physical image of the MIG wire-powder composite welding gun with coaxial powder feeding used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a physical image of the in-situ one-time molding of the copper-steel-copper cladding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] 1-Welding wire, 2-Wire feeder, 3-MIG welding torch, 4-Powder, 5-TIG arc, 6-TIG power supply, 7-MIG power supply, 8-TIG welding torch, 9-Substrate, 10-Cooling water tank, 11-Ionizing gas, 12-Argon powder feeding, 13-Shielding gas, 14-Slotted ceramic sleeve, 15-Conductive nozzle, 16-Ionizing gas shell, 17-Powder feeding gas shell, 18-Welding torch shell, 19-Current control system, 20-MIG arc, 21-Powder feeding port, 22-Shielding gas port, 23-Wire feeding port, 24-Copper nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] This invention discloses a method for in-situ one-step forming of copper-steel-copper clad alloys through solidification process control. Using a MIG welding torch as the main frame, it innovatively integrates a coaxial powder feeding and auxiliary heat source control device. The central channel uses high-strength steel welding wire as the structural skeleton material. Near the welding wire, a powder feeder precisely delivers Cu-based powder as the functional cladding layer using argon gas. The outermost layer is a gas protection system—preventing interference from turbulent protective gas flow on the copper powder transport trajectory. This composite feeding system breaks through the traditional single-material feeding mode of additive manufacturing, achieving synchronous and precise supply of Fe / Cu bimetallic materials, increasing powder utilization to over 90%, and flexibly controlling the cladding layer ratio by adjusting the wire feeding speed and powder feeding rate. Since the solidification melting point of Fe is above 1500℃, while the melting point of copper is only around 1083℃, Fe will preferentially solidify in the center of the molten pool, while liquid copper will be squeezed to both sides, thus achieving a copper-steel-copper cladding structure of Fe in the center and Cu on both sides.

[0027] However, additive manufacturing has a high cooling rate, which can lead to insufficient time for Cu to separate evenly to both sides. Using other heat sources makes it difficult to ensure that the temperature of the deposited layer is above the melting point of copper and below the melting point of iron during the welding process. To address the challenge of controlling the phase separation of Fe and Cu, this invention introduces a TIG heat source with post-heating dynamic temperature control technology. After the MIG main arc completes the material cladding, a secondary thermal field intervention is applied to the deposited layer through a subsequent TIG arc, providing sufficient kinetic conditions for the migration of the Cu liquid phase. Within this temperature window, the high-melting-point Fe phase preferentially nucleates and solidifies in the center of the molten pool to form the structural framework, while the low-melting-point Cu liquid phase is continuously driven to both sides of the solidification front under the combined action of surface tension and Marangoni convection, ultimately forming a copper-steel-copper gradient structure with controllable thickness and metallurgical bonding.

[0028] This invention discloses a method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper cladding structures through solidification process control, which can be achieved through the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Integrate the MIG welding torch, coaxial powder feeding module, TIG heat source control device, and gas protection system into the additive manufacturing platform. The welding wire is located in the center, and the powder feeders are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the welding wire. Argon gas blows the powder into the molten pool, and the outer gas nozzles deliver the protective gas. Connect the wire feeder, powder delivery controller, and dual arc power supply. The positive terminal of the MIG power supply is connected to the MIG welding torch, and the negative terminal is connected to the substrate. The positive terminal of the TIG power supply is connected to the substrate, and the negative terminal is connected to the TIG welding torch. Complete the system linkage debugging to ensure the timing matching and coordinated response of each unit.

[0030] Step Two: Select high-strength steel welding wire as the structural skeleton material, whose composition must meet the requirements of high strength and formability; simultaneously select Cu-based powder as the functional coating layer, and the powder morphology and particle size distribution must be adapted to the coaxial powder feeding characteristics. Pre-treat the materials, including cleaning the welding wire surface, drying the powder, and screening for compositional uniformity, to ensure material transport stability and controllable molten pool reaction.

[0031] Step 3: Based on the component's geometric features and the required cladding thickness, the matching relationship between wire feed speed, powder feed rate, and dual-arc energy input is set in the control system. The welding torch movement path and deposition trajectory are planned simultaneously, optimizing the interlayer overlap rate and deposition direction to ensure three-dimensional forming accuracy.

[0032] Step 4: Activate the MIG main arc. The Fe welding wire continuously melts under the high temperature of the arc to form the core of the molten pool, while the coaxial powder feeder precisely injects Cu powder into the molten pool. Through precise synchronization of the welding torch movement and material delivery, layer-by-layer co-deposition of the Fe / Cu bimetallic phase is achieved. The high-melting-point Fe phase in the molten pool preferentially solidifies to form the structural framework, while the unsolidified Cu liquid phase migrates towards the edge of the molten pool driven by the thermal gradient.

[0033] Step 5: At a specific distance behind the MIG cladding layer, a TIG auxiliary heat source is simultaneously activated to perform secondary thermal field control on the deposited layer. By adjusting the TIG arc energy input and duration, the time window in which the trailing edge of the molten pool remains semi-solid is extended, promoting the full migration of the Cu liquid phase to both sides of the solidification front. Utilizing the synergistic effect of Marangoni convection and surface tension, the self-organized formation of the copper-steel-copper cladding structure is achieved, while simultaneously inducing trace interfacial dissolution to strengthen the metallurgical bond.

[0034] Step Six: Layer-by-layer deposition and online monitoring of forming quality. Repeat the deposition and temperature control process described above, layer by layer, until the entire component is manufactured. Infrared thermal imagers and high-speed camera systems are used to monitor the molten pool morphology, temperature field distribution, and coating uniformity in real time. Combined with a feedback control system, process parameters are dynamically adjusted to ensure interface bonding quality and coating structure consistency. The final product is a copper-steel-copper coated component that combines high strength, high conductivity, and adaptability to complex geometries.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the wire powder and welding torch 3 are fixed on a three-axis motion platform, ensuring the diameter of the welding wire 1 is 1.0–1.2 mm. A slotted ceramic sleeve 14 is installed at the front end of the powder feeding gas casing 17. The distance between the powder feeding port 21 and the wire feeding port 23 is adjusted to 1–2 mm. The copper nozzle 24, which facilitates powder and gas flow, is connected to an argon gas powder feeding 12 (flow rate 4–8 L / min) to drive the copper powder 4 (particle size 50–150 μm) to be conveyed. A protective gas 13 (argon, flow rate 20–30 L / min) is introduced through the protective gas port 22 to form an air curtain. The MIG power supply 7 (current 150–200 A, voltage 20–24 V) and the TIG power supply 6 (current 120–150 A) are connected, and circulating water is introduced into the cooling water tank 10. The timing sequence of the MIG arc 20 and the TIG arc 5 is set through the current control system 19, and the center distance between the two arcs is controlled at 15–20 mm.

[0037] High-strength steel welding wire 1 (C≤0.02%, Mn 1.2-1.8%) is fed through wire feeder 2, while Cu powder 4 (purity ≥99.9%) is fed through the channel of powder feeding shell 17. The substrate 9 is cleaned with acetone to remove oil and preheated to 100-200℃. The copper powder 4 is vacuum dried at 80-120℃ for 2-4 hours. The wire feeding speed (2-4 m / min), powder feeding rate (5-20 g / min), and ion gas 11 (pure Ar, flow rate 2-2.5 L / min) are set in the current control system 19, and the deposition path is planned synchronously. The mass ratio of Fe wire to Cu powder fed per unit time is maintained between 2:1 and 3:1. A low Fe:Cu ratio makes it difficult for a layered structure to form, while a high ratio prevents copper from uniformly covering the Fe. The powder feeding shell 17 controls the trajectory of the copper powder 4, ensuring that the copper powder 4 is uniformly injected into the molten pool through the powder feeding ports 21 at both ends of the copper nozzle 24. After the MIG arc 20 is ignited, the welding wire 1 melts at the high temperature of the arc to form the core of the molten pool, while the copper powder 4 melts directly at the edge of the arc.

[0038] Simultaneously, the TIG welding torch 8, located 10–20 mm behind the MIG welding torch 3, is activated, and the TIG arc 5 applies secondary heat input (energy density 5–8 J / mm²) to the deposited layer. 2 This extends the time the molten pool is at 1083–1500℃. The high-melting-point Fe phase solidifies in the center of the molten pool, while liquid Cu migrates to both sides through Marangoni convection, forming a coating structure with a copper layer accounting for 25–35%.

[0039] Actual picture of the welding torch device and its internal structure is shown below. Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the overall structure of the welding torch, the internal MIG electrode, the insulating slotted ceramic sleeve that fixes the MIG electrode and isolates the MIG electrode from the copper nozzle, and the conductive copper nozzle for powder and wire feeding are all shown. Other structures not shown are integrated inside the welding torch. Figure 2This is primarily intended to aid in understanding the schematic diagram of the welding torch assembly. Furthermore, detailed specifications are provided regarding the ceramic sleeve's slot angle and width. Three equally spaced slots are created to facilitate plasma gas flow, with adjacent slots having an angle of 120° (relative to the center), and a slot width of 2mm. The copper nozzle has a wire feed port diameter of 4mm, and two powder feed ports are both 2mm in diameter, with a 1.5mm spacing between each powder feed port and wire feed port.

[0040] The copper-steel-copper cladding structure prepared by this device and method is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the core is composed of Fe-based material (high-strength steel), while the sides are composed of Cu-based material, with Cu evenly distributed on both sides of the Fe. This achieves complete encapsulation of the Fe-based material. Furthermore, some Fe penetrates into the Cu matrix to form a Fe-rich phase, further strengthening the matrix material. This symmetrical encapsulation design ensures that the Fe-based core is completely encapsulated by the Cu-based material, maximizing the utilization of the properties of both materials. Crucially, during the fabrication process, some Fe elements diffuse into the Cu matrix to form a Fe-rich phase. This is not a process defect, but a key mechanism that significantly enhances interfacial bonding and overall matrix performance. This metallurgical bonding, originating from atomic diffusion, significantly improves the interfacial strength between the copper and steel layers, effectively suppressing interlayer delamination and failure risks, and significantly enhancing the long-term reliability and service life of the composite material under thermal, mechanical, or electrical loads. Simultaneously, this structure achieves efficient utilization of the precious metal copper—using it only in surface areas where its superior function is required, while the core uses more cost-effective high-strength steel, significantly reducing overall material costs. By flexibly adjusting the thickness ratio of the copper and steel layers through the feeding of wire powder, this coating structure can be precisely customized to meet the diverse needs of a wide range of applications, from high conductivity (such as power transmission and electronic packaging heat dissipation substrates) to high strength (such as high-current connectors and structural-functional integrated components).

[0041] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for in-situ, one-time molding of a copper-steel-copper cladding structure through solidification process control, characterized in that: In the in-situ manufacturing of copper-steel-copper cladding structure, a MIG welding system is used. The center channel of the MIG welding torch of the MIG welding system uses Fe-based welding wire as the structural skeleton material. The powder feeding channel near the welding wire accurately delivers Cu-based powder as a functional cladding layer through argon gas. After the MIG welding system completes the material cladding on the substrate (9), a TIG welding system is introduced behind the deposition layer. The electric arc generated by the TIG welding system provides secondary heat input to the deposition layer, providing sufficient kinetic conditions for Cu liquid phase migration. Under the combined action of surface tension and Marangoni convection, the Cu liquid phase is continuously driven away to both sides of the solidification front, eventually forming a Cu-Fe-Cu gradient structure.

2. The method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper cladding structure by controlling the solidification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Fe-based welding wire has a diameter of 1.0~1.2mm, and the Cu-based powder has a particle size of 50~150μm.

3. The method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper cladding structure by controlling the solidification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Fe-based welding wire to Cu-based powder fed per unit time is 2~3:1; the powder feeding speed of the MIG welding system is 5~20g / min, and the wire feeding speed is 2~4m / min.

4. The method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper cladding structure by controlling the solidification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Cu-based powder is preheated by vacuum drying at 80~120℃ for 2~4h; the substrate (9) is preheated at 100~200℃.

5. The method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper cladding structure by controlling the solidification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc generated by the TIG welding system is located 15-20 mm behind the arc generated by the MIG welding system.

6. The method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper cladding structure by controlling the solidification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MIG welding system has a current of 150~200A and a voltage of 20~24V; the TIG welding system has a current of 120~150A; the electric arc generated by the TIG welding system provides secondary heat input energy density of 5~8J / mm² to the deposited layer.

7. The method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper cladding structure by controlling the solidification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow rate of argon gas in the powder feeding channel is 4~8L / min; the outermost layer of the MIG welding torch is a shielding gas system, and the flow rate of argon gas in the shielding gas system is 20~30L / min.

8. The method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper cladding structure by controlling the solidification process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The equipment used includes: a MIG welding system, a substrate, a TIG welding system, and a powder feeding mechanism; The MIG welding system includes a MIG welding torch, which performs arc additive manufacturing on the substrate (9); the positive electrode of the MIG welding system is connected to the Fe-based welding wire (1), and the negative electrode is connected to the substrate (9); the TIG welding system includes a TIG welding torch; the TIG welding system is located behind the MIG welding system; the positive electrode of the TIG welding system is connected to the substrate (9), and the negative electrode is connected to the TIG welding torch (8).

9. The method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper cladding structure by controlling the solidification process according to claim 8, characterized in that: The MIG welding torch has an insulating slotted ceramic sleeve (14) inside, and an ion gas shell (16), a powder feeding gas shell (17), and a welding torch shell (18) are arranged in sequence outside the insulating slotted ceramic sleeve (14); the first channel between the insulating slotted ceramic sleeve (14) and the ion gas shell (16) is used to input ion gas, the powder feeding channel between the ion gas shell (16) and the powder feeding gas shell (17) is connected to argon gas to transport Cu-based powder, and the third channel between the powder feeding gas shell (17) and the welding torch shell (18) is used to input shielding gas; the ion gas shell (16) Cooling water is introduced into the powder feeding gas shell (17); the bottom end of the MIG welding torch is provided with a copper nozzle (24) for powder feeding and gas supply, which is connected to the welding torch shell; the middle part of the copper nozzle (24) for powder feeding and gas supply is provided with a wire feeding port (23); the left and right ends of the wire feeding port (23) are provided with powder feeding ports, and the outer side of the copper nozzle (24) for powder feeding and gas supply is provided with a protective gas outlet (22); the bottom end of the MIG welding torch is 5~6mm away from the surface of the substrate (9); the bottom end of the TIG welding torch is 4~5mm away from the surface of the substrate (9).

10. The method for in-situ one-time molding of copper-steel-copper cladding structure by controlling the solidification process according to claim 9, characterized in that: The flow rate of the ion gas is 2~2.5 L / min.

11. A copper-steel-copper cladding structure manufactured in situ in one step using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: In the copper-steel-copper cladding structure, the copper layer accounts for 25-35% of the total mass.

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