Ecological restoration system and method for lakes in arid region

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological restoration system and method for a lake in an arid region, and the ecological restoration system achieves the collaborative optimization of water quantity, water quality and ecology through integrating three modules, i.e., a water resource intelligent regulation and control module, a salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module and an ecological system self-maintenance reconstruction module; the modules are combined to realize data interaction and collaborative operation through the Internet of Things intelligent control module, the natural structure and function of the arid region lake are recovered, the stability of the ecological function can be kept, and the core problem of ecological restoration of the arid region lake is fundamentally solved; according to the ecological restoration method, a monitoring-decision-execution-feedback closed-loop control method is realized through multi-module intelligent collaborative operation, and the ecological system of the lake in the arid region can be effectively restored.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of arid region ecological environment protection, and relates to an ecological restoration system and method for arid region lakes. BACKGROUND

[0002] Arid region lake ecosystems are unique and fragile ecological units on Earth, mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid regions with scarce rainfall and high evaporation. These lakes are mostly endorheic lakes, with their water sources mainly relying on high mountain snowmelt, a small amount of rainfall, or groundwater recharge. Due to the harsh climate conditions in the arid region, the soil around the lake is mostly sandy or saline-alkali soil, with low vegetation coverage and relatively limited biodiversity. Lake ecosystems play an important role in regulating local climate, maintaining biodiversity, providing habitats, and purifying water quality. However, due to factors such as climate change and human activities, arid region lake ecosystems are facing threats such as water shortage, water quality salinization, and ecological chain disruption.

[0003] However, existing restoration technologies mostly use single means, such as artificial water replenishment, which can only solve the water quantity problem but may exacerbate the ecological pressure in the discharge area; and water quality purification technology has a significant decrease in efficiency in high-salinity environments, leading to mutual constraints among various restoration goals, making it difficult to achieve systematic ecological restoration.

[0004] Currently, the climate conditions in the arid region are extreme, with an average annual evaporation of more than 3000 mm and a day-night temperature difference of more than 30℃, and the lake salinity is generally higher than 35 g / L. This special environment poses strict requirements on restoration materials and biological agents. Traditional engineering materials (such as HDPE film) are prone to cracking and failure under extreme climate conditions, the survival rate of salt-tolerant plants is less than 30%, and the activity inhibition rate of microorganisms in high-salinity environments is more than 60%, which severely limits the restoration effect.

[0005] In addition, existing restoration technologies rely too much on external intervention, and the stability of the reconstructed ecological chain is poor. For example, after the ecological restoration of Bosten Lake, the food chain collapsed at a rate of 60% within 3 years, and the degradation of the lakeside vegetation led to soil salinization rebound, making it difficult to form a self-sustaining ecological system.

[0006] Agricultural irrigation accounts for 70%-80% of the total water consumption in the arid region, but traditional drip irrigation technology has problems such as salt accumulation and uneven water and fertilizer distribution. At the same time, industrial wastewater has high salinity and is difficult to treat, with a water resource recycling rate of less than 60%, further exacerbating the ecological pressure on the lake.

[0007] In summary, there are many problems in the ecological restoration of arid region lakes, such as difficulty in multi-target coordination, poor adaptability to extreme environments, weak self-maintenance ability of the ecological system, and low resource utilization efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a new type of ecological restoration system and method to solve the above problems of arid region lakes. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an ecological restoration system and method for a lake in a dry region, which fundamentally solves the core problem of ecological restoration of a lake in a dry region by means of technical integration innovation and mechanism breakthrough and multi-module intelligent collaborative operation.

[0009] To achieve the purpose of the present application, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0010] In a first aspect, the present application provides an ecological restoration system for a lake in a dry region, which comprises: a water resource intelligent regulation module, a salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module, an ecological system self-maintenance reconstruction module and an Internet of Things control module.

[0011] The water resource intelligent regulation module is used to collect real-time data of water resources in a dry region and dynamically regulate the water volume of reservoirs, underground water and lakes in the dry region.

[0012] The salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module is used to construct a biological-physical-chemical composite desalination layer, form a gradient salinity buffer zone and improve the water quality of the lake in the dry region.

[0013] The ecological system self-maintenance reconstruction module is used to reconstruct the biological chain of plants-animals-microorganisms in the dry region and cooperatively construct microhabitats to realize self-recovery of the ecological system.

[0014] The Internet of Things control module is used to control the water resource intelligent regulation module, the salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module and the ecological system self-maintenance reconstruction module.

[0015] The ecological restoration system provided by the present application realizes the collaborative optimization of water volume-water quality-ecology by integrating the three modules of water resource intelligent regulation, salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement and ecological system self-maintenance reconstruction, breaks through the limitations of single technology, realizes data interaction and collaborative operation of each module through the Internet of Things intelligent control module, breaks through the bottleneck of cooperativeness, adaptability and sustainability of the prior art, restores the natural structure and function of the lake in the dry region and maintains the stability of its ecological function, and fundamentally solves the core problem of ecological restoration of the lake in the dry region, thereby providing an efficient and sustainable solution for similar regions around the world.

[0016] It should be noted that the ecological restoration system is designed by system modularization, can be flexibly configured according to the area, salinity and ecological degradation degree of the lake, has been verified in different scale lakes such as Ebinur Lake (area 500km 2 ), Daohai Lake (area 160km 2 ) and is applicable to more than 80% of damaged lake restoration scenes in the dry region around the world.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the intelligent water resource regulation module includes a multi-source monitoring unit, a dynamic water regulation unit, and a water-saving irrigation unit.

[0018] Preferably, the multi-source monitoring unit includes several sensors for real-time monitoring of basic parameters in the arid region; the sensors are located in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the arid region.

[0019] In this invention, the number of sensors is at least 100, and the data collected by them is transmitted wirelessly to the Internet of Things control module via LoRa.

[0020] Preferably, the basic parameters include precipitation, soil moisture, lake water level, and salinity;

[0021] Preferably, the dynamic water regulation unit includes a photovoltaic water pumping unit, an intelligent gate, and a flexible water conveyance network.

[0022] It should be noted that the dynamic water diversion unit is activated according to the instructions of the Internet of Things control module to realize the intelligent allocation of water volume among reservoirs, groundwater and lakes in arid areas, with a water diversion accuracy of ±5%.

[0023] Preferably, the photovoltaic water pumping unit is installed at a water source in an arid area.

[0024] Preferably, the photovoltaic water pumping unit is equipped with an MPPT controller.

[0025] In this invention, the efficiency of the photovoltaic water pumping unit is ≥85%, and the light intensity is ≥200W / m². 2 It can automatically start when needed, and combined with battery storage, it can provide 24-hour emergency water supply.

[0026] Preferably, the intelligent gate is installed on the photovoltaic water pumping unit and the flexible water conveyance pipeline network.

[0027] Preferably, the response time of the smart gate is <30s, for example, it can be 28s, 25s, 22s, 20s, 18s, 15s, 12s or 210s.

[0028] In this invention, the intelligent gate is hydraulically driven, with a response time of less than 30 seconds, and can withstand wind and sand erosion up to level 12, thus solving the problem of high failure rate of existing equipment in arid areas.

[0029] Preferably, the flexible water supply network is distributed in reservoirs, groundwater areas, agricultural areas, industrial areas, and lake areas in arid regions.

[0030] In this invention, the flexible water supply network is applicable at temperatures ranging from -40℃ to 70℃ and is resistant to salt crystallization corrosion.

[0031] Preferably, the water-saving irrigation unit includes several water-saving irrigation devices for agricultural irrigation; the water-saving irrigation devices are installed in agricultural areas of arid regions.

[0032] Preferably, the water-saving irrigation device is equipped with salt-resistant drippers.

[0033] It should be noted that the precision irrigation device based on AI algorithms, combined with soil salinity monitoring data, automatically adjusts the irrigation volume (error ±3%) and frequency, and is equipped with salt-resistant drippers (anti-clogging cycle >180 days), achieving agricultural water savings of 30%-40%.

[0034] Preferably, the water-saving irrigation device is independently connected to reservoir ecological water, groundwater, industrial reclaimed water, and lake desalination water, and is intelligently scheduled through an Internet of Things control module.

[0035] It should be noted that the water source for the water-saving irrigation device comes from multiple sources, and its priority scheduling logic is shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1

[0037]

[0038] Preferably, the sensor, dynamic water adjustment unit, and water-saving irrigation device are all electrically connected to the Internet of Things control module.

[0039] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module includes a water salinity stratification control device, a sediment salinization remediation layer, and a biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer.

[0040] Preferably, the water salinity stratification control device includes a nanobubble generator and a spiral stirrer arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0041] It should be noted that by combining a nanobubble generator with a spiral agitator, and through stratified aeration (dissolved oxygen maintained at 2-3 mg / L in the bottom layer and 5-6 mg / L in the surface layer), the vertical distribution of salt is made more uniform, reducing the salinity of the lake bottom layer by 15%-20%.

[0042] Preferably, the bubble diameter of the nanobubble generator is 50-200nm, for example, it can be 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm or 180nm, etc.

[0043] Preferably, the rotation speed of the spiral stirrer is 0-300 rpm, for example, it can be 20 rpm, 40 rpm, 50 rpm, 60 rpm, 80 rpm, 100 rpm, 120 rpm, 150 rpm, 160 rpm, 180 rpm, 200 rpm, 220 rpm, 240 rpm, 250 rpm, 260 rpm or 280 rpm, etc.

[0044] Preferably, the water salinity stratification control device is installed in the lake water area of ​​an arid region.

[0045] Preferably, the sediment salinization remediation layer comprises a biochar carrier loaded with polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria (PAOs) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB).

[0046] In this invention, the content of exchangeable salts in lake sediments is reduced by 40% through microbial mineralization, while the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate is increased by 35%.

[0047] Preferably, the specific surface area of ​​the biochar carrier is ≥800 m². 2 / g, for example, could be 820m 2 / g、840m 2 / g、850m 2 / g、860m 2 / g、880m 2 / g、900m 2 / g or 950m 2 / g etc.

[0048] Preferably, the sediment salinization remediation layer is located at the bottom of the lake water area in an arid region.

[0049] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer includes a modified ceramsite permeable layer, a salt-tolerant plant-microorganism symbiotic zone, and an ecological impermeable membrane arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

[0050] It should be noted that by innovatively designing a biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer in the lakeside zone, a 10-500m gradient salinity buffer zone is formed through three-stage purification: adsorption by modified ceramic particles, transpiration by salt-tolerant plants, and degradation by salt-tolerant microorganisms. Furthermore, a resilient biological community is cultivated to ensure the long-term stable operation of the remediation technology in extremely arid and high-salt environments.

[0051] Preferably, the porosity of the modified ceramic particle permeation layer is ≥45%, for example, it can be 46%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 56%, 58%, or 60%, etc.

[0052] In this invention, the salt adsorption capacity of the modified ceramsite permeation layer can reach 150 mg / g.

[0053] Preferably, the modified ceramic particles in the modified ceramic particle permeation layer include nano-iron oxide modified ceramic particles.

[0054] In this invention, the modified ceramsite is prepared by the following method: fly ash and attapulgite are mixed at a mass ratio of (0.8-1.2):1, sintered at 750℃-850℃ for 1.5h-2.5h, and then nano-iron oxide particles are loaded onto the surface of the ceramsite. The mass ratio of ceramsite to nano-iron oxide is 1:(0.02-0.05).

[0055] In this invention, the salt-tolerant plants in the salt-tolerant plant-microbe symbiotic zone include *Suaeda salsa* and *Salvia splendens*; the salt-tolerant microorganisms include the salt-tolerant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus AMF-01. The salt-tolerant microorganisms retain 70% of their metabolic activity even at a salinity of 40 g / L.

[0056] Preferably, the ecological geomembrane comprises a graphene-modified HDPE membrane (high-density polyethylene membrane).

[0057] In this invention, the amount of graphene used in the graphene-modified HDPE film is 0.5%-1.0% of the mass of the graphene-modified HDPE film; the modification method includes: mixing graphene nanosheets with HDPE particles by melt blending, extruding and granulating at a temperature of 175℃-185℃, and then obtaining the film by blown film process, so that the graphene is uniformly dispersed in the film matrix and the salt crystallization resistance is improved.

[0058] It should be noted that by using graphene-modified HDPE membrane as an ecological geomembrane, the temperature difference crack resistance life is >10 years, and the salt permeability is reduced by 70%. Compared with traditional HDPE membrane materials, the durability is improved by 3 times and the treatment efficiency is increased by 40%.

[0059] Preferably, the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer is set in the lakeside restoration area of ​​arid lakes.

[0060] Preferably, the length of the gradient salinity buffer zone is 10-500m, for example, it can be 50m, 100m, 150m, 200m, 250m, 300m, 350m, 400m or 450m, etc.

[0061] Preferably, the water salinity stratification control device, the sediment salinization remediation layer, and the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer are all electrically connected to the Internet of Things control module.

[0062] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the ecosystem self-sustaining reconstruction module includes a stress-resistant biological community building unit and a microhabitat regulation unit.

[0063] Preferably, the stress-resistant biological community building unit includes a plant layer, an animal layer, and a microbial layer.

[0064] Preferably, the selection of plants in the plant layer includes the following factors: salt tolerance and drought tolerance.

[0065] In this invention, salt tolerance refers to a plant's salt tolerance >30g / L; drought tolerance refers to a plant's annual water requirement <200mm. The plants include tamarisk, saxaul, or halophyte, etc.

[0066] Preferably, the planting of the plant layer adopts seed coating technology, and the coating agent in the seed coating technology includes AMF bacterial agent and water-retaining agent.

[0067] In this invention, seed coating technology can increase the germination rate of plants to 75%.

[0068] Preferably, the plant layer is located at the water-land interface of a lake in an arid region.

[0069] Preferably, the species in the animal layer include algae, zooplankton, and fish, and a fish shelter is provided.

[0070] In this invention, the algae include Dunaliella salina and Arthrospira platensis, both of which can grow efficiently in water with a salinity of 20-40 g / L, providing food for zooplankton; the zooplankton include brine-tolerant worms (Artemia franciscana, with a salinity tolerance range of 20-40‰); and the fish include native fish fry. The coverage of fish shelters reaches 5% of the lake area.

[0071] Preferably, the animal layer is located in the water area of ​​a lake in an arid region.

[0072] Preferably, the microbial layer comprises a compound functional bacterial agent.

[0073] Preferably, the compound functional microbial agent includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Halomonas elongata) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus halodurans).

[0074] In this invention, the compound functional microbial agent retains 70% metabolic activity even at a salinity of 25 g / L.

[0075] Preferably, the microbial layer is disposed at the bottom of the lake water area in an arid region.

[0076] Preferably, the microhabitat regulation unit includes a microhabitat regulation network, which is used to enhance the resilience of ecosystems in arid regions.

[0077] Preferably, the microhabitat regulation network is set up in the lakeside zone of lakes in arid areas.

[0078] Preferably, the microhabitat control network includes artificial beehives and insect hotels.

[0079] It should be noted that by regulating microhabitats and designing a hierarchical food chain, the food chain is reconstructed in a hierarchical manner using "salt-tolerant plants + native animals + functional microorganisms" and equipped with microhabitat facilities such as artificial beehives. This reduces reliance on human intervention, increasing vegetation survival rate from 30% to 60% and fish fry survival rate to 40% using traditional techniques. This effectively restores regional biodiversity and increases the ecosystem's self-sustaining capacity from 30% to 70% after 3 years of restoration, significantly reducing long-term operation and maintenance costs.

[0080] Preferably, both the stress-resistant biological community construction unit and the microhabitat regulation unit are electrically connected to the Internet of Things control module.

[0081] It should be noted that both the stress-resistant biological community building unit and the microhabitat regulation unit are electrically connected to the IoT control module. This is achieved through a four-layer architecture of "sensor-actuator-gateway-control center," combined with a hybrid wired and wireless transmission method, making it suitable for complex environments in arid regions (high temperature, high salinity, strong winds and sandstorms).

[0082] I. The electrical connection method between the stress-resistant biological community construction unit and the IoT control module is as follows:

[0083] The stress-resistant biological community building unit comprises a plant layer, an animal layer, and a microbial layer. Each sub-unit is connected to an IoT control module via a dual-line connection of "monitoring and sensing + execution and control" to achieve a closed loop of "state perception - command execution - feedback correction".

[0084] 1. Connection method of the plant layer

[0085] Monitoring sensor links:

[0086] Soil sensor (buried in the plant root layer, 20-30cm deep): monitors soil salinity (accuracy ±0.1g / L), pH value (accuracy ±0.05), and water content (accuracy ±2%). It is connected to the IoT control module via LoRa wireless transmission (transmission distance ≥3km, anti-interference capability ≥-120dBm) with a sampling frequency of 1 time / 30min.

[0087] Plant physiological sensor (installed on leaf): monitors chlorophyll content (SPAD value, accuracy ±1) and transpiration rate (accuracy ±0.1 mmol / m²). 2 The data is transmitted via ZigBee networking (≤200 nodes / network) to the regional gateway, and then uploaded to the IoT control module via 4G.

[0088] Execution control link:

[0089] Seed coating seeder: Connects to an IoT control module via an RS485 wired interface to receive seeding density (plants / m²). 2 ), depth (3-5cm) command, execution error ±2cm, response time <10s.

[0090] Drip irrigation control device (salt-resistant dripper with matching solenoid valve): The solenoid valve is connected to the output of the IoT control module via a DC24V relay, receiving irrigation duration (e.g., 20-30 L / m). 2 • Daily and frequency (1-2 times per day) commands, valve opening and closing response time <5s, supports remote manual / automatic switching.

[0091] 2. Connection method of animal layer

[0092] Monitoring sensor links:

[0093] Zooplankton monitor (deployed in shallow water areas, 1-2m deep): Real-time monitoring of brine shrimp density using optical counting (accuracy ±5ind / L). Data is transmitted via fiber optic cable (salt-resistant fiber optic cable, resistant to salt spray concentration ≥5%) to the IoT control module, with a sampling frequency of once every 2 hours.

[0094] Fish activity sensor (RFID tag implanted in juvenile fish + underwater card reader): The card reader is deployed around the artificial reef to identify the number of fish (error ±3%) and their movement trajectory, and transmits the data to the gateway via the LoRaWAN wireless protocol (battery life ≥1 year).

[0095] Execution control link:

[0096] Algae release pump (shipborne equipment): Connects to an IoT control module via CAN bus to receive release density (10 6 -10 7 The pump flow rate (0-500L / h) can be steplessly adjusted using cell / L and area coordinate commands, with an execution accuracy of ±5%.

[0097] Artificial reef lighting device (to attract fish): LED lights are connected to an IoT control module via a PLC controller, receiving instructions on on / off time (e.g., turn on from 18:00 to 6:00) and brightness (300-500 lux), and supporting automatic light-sensing adjustment (automatically turning off when the light intensity is greater than 500 lux).

[0098] 3. Connection methods of the microbial layer

[0099] Monitoring sensor links:

[0100] Aquatic microbial sensors (deployed on the lake bottom, depth 0-50cm): monitor the activity of compound functional bacterial agents (detected by ATP, accuracy ±10%) and nitrogen and phosphorus degradation rate (accuracy ±5%). The data is transmitted to the shore control cabinet via an underwater cable (water pressure resistant ≥0.5MPa), and then connected to the Internet of Things control module via Ethernet.

[0101] Execution control link:

[0102] Microbial agent dispensing device (submersible screw conveyor): It communicates with the Internet of Things control module via Modbus protocol, receives instructions on dispensing amount (10kg / ha) and diffusion range (radius 5-10m), and the motor speed (0-1500rpm) is adjustable. After dispensing is completed, it automatically feeds back the "execution status" signal.

[0103] II. The electrical connection method between the microhabitat control unit and the Internet of Things control module is as follows:

[0104] Microhabitat control units (artificial beehives, insect hotels) are connected through an "environmental monitoring + auxiliary maintenance" link, focusing on the precise control of the habitat of pollinating insects:

[0105] 1. Connection method of artificial honeycomb

[0106] Monitoring sensor links:

[0107] Honeycomb temperature and humidity sensor (built-in, accuracy ±0.5℃ / ±3%RH): monitors the internal environment (suitable range: temperature 25-30℃, humidity 50-70%), transmits data via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to the nearest solar gateway (battery life ≥6 months), and then uploads it to the IoT control module via NB-IoT, with a sampling frequency of 1 time / hour.

[0108] Insect activity counter (installed at the hive entrance): Counts the number of pollinating insects entering and leaving the hive using an infrared tube (accuracy ±1 insect / day). Data is stored on a local SD card (capacity ≥16GB) and automatically uploaded to the IoT control module every morning.

[0109] Execution control link:

[0110] Honeycomb ventilation fan (installed on top): Connects to the IoT control module via a DC12V relay. When the internal temperature is >30℃ or the humidity is >70%, it receives an "on" command (speed 1500rpm), and automatically shuts off after cooling / humidifying to within the threshold. The response time is <10s.

[0111] 2. Connection methods for insect hotels

[0112] Monitoring sensor links:

[0113] The hotel's internal environmental sensors (deployed in straw / bamboo tube filling material) monitor the humidity of humus (accuracy ±5%) and the number of insect eggs laid (through image recognition sensors, accuracy ≥90%). The data is transmitted to the regional gateway via Wi-Fi (industrial grade, supports operation from -40℃ to 70℃).

[0114] Execution control link:

[0115] Attractant replenishment pump (built-in, 5L capacity): Remotely controlled via IoT control module. When the sensor detects that the insect occupancy rate is <30%, it receives a "replenishment" command (10mL / pump) to replenish the beeswax-honey mixture (1:3 ratio) to ensure the attraction effect.

[0116] III. Common Connection Guarantee Mechanism

[0117] Power supply adapter:

[0118] The field sensors / actuators are powered by a "photovoltaic + battery" system (photovoltaic panel power 50-100W, battery capacity 12V / 100Ah). The IoT control module provides remote early warning of low battery levels through voltage monitoring (accuracy ±0.1V) (automatically triggers a power replenishment command when the remaining power is <20%).

[0119] Key nodes (such as gates and pump sets) adopt a dual backup of mains power and photovoltaic power to ensure continuous power supply.

[0120] Anti-interference design:

[0121] Wireless transmission uses frequency hopping technology (frequency 433MHz / 868MHz, hopping rate 50 hops / second) to avoid signal attenuation caused by wind and sand; wired connection uses armored cable (salt spray corrosion resistance grade ≥C5-M), and the joint is coated with silicone rubber sealant (temperature resistance -60℃~200℃).

[0122] Data fusion interface:

[0123] Data from each unit is accessed to the database of the IoT control module via a unified protocol (MQTT) (supporting concurrent access from 100,000 sensors) and shared with the water resource regulation and salinization control modules. For example, when soil salinity data in the vegetation layer is abnormal, the salinization control module is automatically activated to enhance desalination (e.g., by increasing the amount of biochar added).

[0124] Through the above connection methods, the IoT control module can achieve "millisecond-level monitoring and second-level response" control of the stress-resistant biological community building unit and the microhabitat regulation unit, ensuring the accuracy of food chain reconstruction and microhabitat optimization, and increasing the self-sustaining capacity of the ecosystem to more than 70% (40% higher than traditional technologies).

[0125] Secondly, the present invention provides an ecological restoration method for lakes in arid regions, wherein the ecological restoration method employs the ecological restoration system described in the first aspect, comprising:

[0126] (1) The water resources intelligent regulation module obtains real-time water resources data in the arid area and transmits it to the Internet of Things control module. The Internet of Things control module generates regulation schemes and uses the water resources intelligent regulation module to dynamically regulate the water volume of reservoirs, groundwater and lakes in the arid area.

[0127] (2) Based on the results of dynamic water volume regulation, a personalized plan is generated through the Internet of Things control module. The salinization gradient management and water quality improvement module is used to implement the salinization gradient management plan to form a gradient salinity buffer zone. The water quality improvement plan is also implemented to improve the water quality of lakes in arid areas.

[0128] (3) By generating a plan for planting plants, introducing animals and microorganisms through the Internet of Things control module, the food chain in arid areas can be reconstructed, and the ecosystem can be self-restored by creating microhabitats.

[0129] (4) After the ecological restoration is completed, the ecological indicators of the lakes in the arid area are monitored in real time through the Internet of Things control module to evaluate the restoration effect and make appropriate adjustments to the schemes in steps (1)-(3) based on the monitoring data.

[0130] The ecological restoration method provided by this invention, through multi-module intelligent collaborative operation, realizes a closed-loop control method of monitoring-decision-execution-feedback, which can effectively restore the ecosystem of lakes in arid areas. By monitoring the ecological environment of arid areas in real time, more accurate identification of ground features is achieved, thereby obtaining ecological environment information over a large area, greatly reducing the cost of manual monitoring. At the same time, based on the obtained information, corresponding water quantity, water quality, and ecological restoration execution methods are determined to complete the ecological restoration and post-restoration monitoring work in arid areas, ensuring the long-term stability of lakes in arid areas.

[0131] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the IoT control module generating regulation scheme in step (1) specifically includes: using an improved SWAT model to generate a regulation scheme for the water volume in the arid area in the next 72 hours.

[0132] In this invention, the improved SWAT model is a SWAT model coupled with the salinity transport equation, and its simulation accuracy R 2 ≥0.92, far exceeding the traditional experience-based decision-making model.

[0133] Preferably, the priority of dynamically regulating water volume in step (1) is as follows: lake ecological base flow, agricultural irrigation and industrial water use.

[0134] In this invention, by combining an intelligent precision drip irrigation system with high-salt wastewater treatment technology, agricultural water saving of 30%-40% and industrial water recycling rate increased to 95% can be achieved, thus alleviating the pressure on lake water resources.

[0135] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the salinization gradient treatment scheme in step (2) specifically includes: the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer forms a gradient salinity buffer zone through transpiration of salt-tolerant plants, degradation by salt-tolerant microorganisms and adsorption by modified ceramic particles.

[0136] In this invention, the bio-physicochemical composite layer forms a gradient salinity buffer zone through transpiration of salt-tolerant plants (which can reduce surface soil salinity by about 20%), degradation by salt-tolerant microorganisms (whose organic salt removal rate can reach 45%), and adsorption by modified ceramsite (whose inorganic salt retention rate can reach 60%).

[0137] Preferably, the salinity gradient of the gradient salinity buffer zone is ≤5g / L·km, for example, it can be 4.5g / L·km, 4g / L·km, 3.5g / L·km, 3g / L·km, 2.5g / L·km or 2g / L·km, etc.

[0138] Preferably, the water quality improvement scheme in step (2) specifically includes: regulating the operation of the spiral stirrer for 4-6 hours / day and using a nanobubble generator to maintain dissolved oxygen in the water layer ≥2mg / L. When the wind speed in the lake is >5m / s, the operation of the spiral stirrer is suspended to promote the degradation of sulfate and total nitrogen in the water.

[0139] Preferably, step (2) further includes: implementing a sediment remediation plan using the salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module, specifically including: releasing biochar carriers into the lake water area once a quarter to remediate sediments using polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria.

[0140] Preferably, the amount of biochar carrier applied is 50-100 kg / ha, for example, it can be 60 kg / ha, 70 kg / ha, 80 kg / ha or 90 kg / ha.

[0141] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the method of planting plants in step (3) specifically includes: after mechanical trenching, planting plants using seed coating technology, and drip irrigation with saline water with a salt content ≤15g / L for the first 2 years after planting.

[0142] In this invention, the depth of the mechanically opened trench is 35-45 cm; the concentration of AMF inoculant used in the seed coating technology is 0.8 × 10⁻⁶. 8 -1.2×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0143] Preferably, the method for introducing animals in step (3) specifically includes: releasing animals into the lake at a density of 10 6 -10 7 The facility includes algae at a density of 50-100 ind / L, zooplankton at a density of 500-1000 fish / ha, and fish sanctuaries.

[0144] In this invention, the algae release density is 10. 6 -10 7 Algae with a cell / L ratio, for example, 2 × 10⁻⁶ cells / L. 6 cells / L, 5×10 6 cells / L, 7×10 6 cells / L or 9×10 6 The specific algae stocking density is adjusted according to the initial salinity of the water body; the higher the salinity, the higher the stocking density should be (10%-20%). The zooplankton stocking density is 50-100 ind / L, for example, 60 ind / L, 70 ind / L, 80 ind / L, or 90 ind / L. The fish stocking density is 500-1000 fish / ha, for example, 600 fish / ha, 700 fish / ha, 800 fish / ha, or 900 fish / ha.

[0145] Preferably, the fish has a body length of 3-5cm, such as 3.2cm, 3.5cm, 3.6cm, 3.8cm, 4cm, 4.2cm, 4.5cm, 4.6cm or 4.8cm.

[0146] Preferably, the fish sanctuary includes an artificial reef.

[0147] In this invention, the survival rate of juvenile fish can be improved by using artificial reefs that are designed in conjunction with the invention.

[0148] Preferably, the method for introducing microorganisms in step (3) specifically includes: releasing live bacteria with a count ≥1×10⁻⁶ at the bottom of the lake water area. 9 A compound functional microbial agent with CFU / g.

[0149] Preferably, the method for creating microhabitats in step (3) specifically includes setting up artificial beehives and insect hotels on the shoreline of the lake every spring to attract pollinating insects.

[0150] In this invention, the fruit setting rate of halophytes can be promoted by setting up artificial beehives and insect hotels.

[0151] Preferably, the artificial honeycomb is made of salt-resistant bamboo or wood.

[0152] Preferably, the aperture of the artificial honeycomb is 5-10mm, for example, it can be 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5mm, 9mm or 9.5mm, etc.

[0153] Preferably, the distance between adjacent artificial beehives is 40-60m, for example, it can be 42m, 45m, 46m, 48m, 50m, 52m, 55m, 56m or 58m, etc.

[0154] Preferably, the density of the insect hotel is 8-15 insects / ha, for example, it can be 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 insects / ha, etc.

[0155] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the appropriate adjustment based on monitoring data in step (4) specifically includes: if an ecological indicator deviates from the threshold, the Internet of Things control module uses the BP neural network to optimize and improve the SWAT model parameters and automatically triggers the adjustment scheme.

[0156] In this invention, the ecological indicators include vegetation coverage, fish population size, and salinity fluctuation range.

[0157] Preferably, the assessment of the repair effect in step (4) further includes: assessing the repair effect quarterly by combining UAV remote sensing with real-time monitoring.

[0158] In this invention, by combining UAV remote sensing with sensors, ground feature information can be identified more accurately and the assessment of restoration effects can be more reliable. Then, the parameters of the SWAT model are optimized and improved using a BP neural network to achieve dynamic iteration of the restoration plan.

[0159] The numerical range described in this invention includes not only the point values ​​listed above, but also any point values ​​between the above numerical ranges that are not listed. Due to space limitations and for the sake of brevity, this invention will not exhaustively list the specific point values ​​included in the range.

[0160] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0161] (1) The ecological restoration system provided by the present invention integrates three major modules: intelligent regulation of water resources, gradient treatment of salinization and water quality improvement, and self-sustaining reconstruction of ecosystem. It achieves synergistic optimization of water quantity, water quality and ecology, and breaks through the limitations of single technology. By combining the modules through the Internet of Things intelligent control module, data interaction and collaborative operation are realized, breaking through the bottlenecks of synergy, adaptability and sustainability of existing technologies. It restores the natural structure and function of lakes in arid areas and can maintain the stability of their ecological functions, fundamentally solving the core problem of ecological restoration of lakes in arid areas.

[0162] (2) The ecological restoration method provided by this invention realizes a closed-loop control method of monitoring-decision-execution-feedback through multi-module intelligent collaborative operation, which can effectively restore the ecosystem of lakes in arid areas; by monitoring the ecological environment of arid areas in real time, more accurate identification of ground features can be achieved, thereby realizing the acquisition of ecological environment information over a large area, greatly reducing the cost of manual monitoring; at the same time, based on the information obtained, the corresponding water quantity-water quality-ecological restoration execution method is determined to complete the ecological restoration and post-restoration monitoring work in arid areas, so as to ensure the long-term stability of lakes in arid areas;

[0163] (3) The ecological restoration system and method provided by this invention significantly reduce the overall restoration cost compared with traditional technologies. Simultaneously, through agricultural water conservation and industrial water recycling, substantial water costs can be saved annually. Furthermore, it significantly enhances the ecosystem service value of arid regions, achieving a dual improvement in both economic and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0164] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological restoration system for arid lakes provided in Example 1.

[0165] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the water salinity stratification control device and the sediment salinization remediation layer provided in Example 1;

[0166] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer provided in Example 1;

[0167] Among them, 100-water salinity stratification control device, 200-sediment salinization remediation layer, 300-biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer, 101-nano bubble generator, 102-spiral stirrer, 301-modified ceramsite permeable layer, 302-salt-tolerant plant-microorganism symbiotic zone, and 303-ecological geomembrane. Detailed Implementation

[0168] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0169] Before providing a further detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms and concepts involved in the embodiments of the present invention will be explained, and the terms and concepts involved in the embodiments of the present invention shall be interpreted as follows. Unless otherwise specified, the conventional meanings of terms and concepts used by those skilled in the art shall apply.

[0170] Arid regions: Arid regions generally refer to places where precipitation is less than 250mm and annual evaporation is greater than precipitation, resulting in drought and water shortage, where crops or plants generally cannot maintain normal growth; Semi-arid regions generally have precipitation of 250-500mm, and evaporation significantly exceeds rainfall, and are areas dominated by drought-resistant vegetation.

[0171] Ecological restoration: Guided by ecological principles, it is a comprehensive method for remediating polluted environments, based on bioremediation and combined with various physical, chemical, and engineering techniques to achieve the best results and lowest costs through optimized combination.

[0172] Example 1

[0173] This embodiment provides an ecological restoration system for lakes in arid regions, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the ecological restoration system includes: a water resource intelligent regulation module 110, a salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module 120, an ecosystem self-sustaining reconstruction module 130, and an Internet of Things control module 140;

[0174] The intelligent water resource regulation module 110 is used to collect real-time water resource data in arid areas and dynamically regulate the water volume of reservoirs, groundwater and lakes in arid areas.

[0175] The intelligent water resource regulation module 110 includes a multi-source monitoring unit, a dynamic water regulation unit, and a water-saving irrigation unit.

[0176] Furthermore, the multi-source monitoring unit includes 100-200 sensors for real-time monitoring of parameters such as precipitation, soil moisture, lake water level, and salinity in arid areas; the sensors are located in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the arid areas.

[0177] In practice, the sensor data is transmitted wirelessly to the IoT control module via LoRa.

[0178] Furthermore, the dynamic water regulation unit includes a photovoltaic water pumping unit, an intelligent gate, and a flexible water conveyance network; the photovoltaic water pumping unit is located at the water source in the arid area; the photovoltaic water pumping unit is equipped with an MPPT controller; the intelligent gate is located between the photovoltaic water pumping unit and the flexible water conveyance network; the response time of the intelligent gate is <30s; the flexible water conveyance network is distributed in reservoirs, groundwater areas, agricultural areas, industrial areas, and lake areas in the arid area.

[0179] In practice, the system uses instructions from the IoT control module to achieve intelligent allocation of water volume among reservoirs, groundwater, and lakes in arid watersheds.

[0180] Furthermore, the water-saving irrigation unit includes several water-saving irrigation devices for agricultural irrigation; the water-saving irrigation devices are installed in agricultural areas of arid regions; the water-saving irrigation devices are independently connected to reservoir ecological water, groundwater, industrial reclaimed water, and lake desalination water, and are intelligently scheduled through an Internet of Things control module; the water-saving irrigation devices are equipped with salt-resistant drippers.

[0181] In practice, the AI ​​algorithm based on the IoT control module, combined with the monitoring data from the sensors, automatically adjusts the irrigation volume and frequency of the water-saving irrigation device to achieve agricultural water conservation.

[0182] In the specific implementation, the water source of the irrigation device comes from multiple sources, and its priority scheduling logic is as follows: reservoir ecological water, lake desalinated water, groundwater, and industrial reclaimed water. The specific scheduling method is carried out in accordance with Table 1 in the instruction manual.

[0183] The salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module 120 is used to construct a biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer, forming a gradient salinity buffer zone with a length of 10-500m, and improving the water quality of lakes in arid areas.

[0184] The salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module 120 includes a water salinity stratification control device 100, a sediment salinization remediation layer 200, and a biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer 300 (layout schematic diagram shown). Figures 2-3 (As shown).

[0185] Furthermore, the water salinity stratification control device 100 includes a nanobubble generator 101 and a spiral stirrer 102 arranged sequentially from top to bottom; the bubble diameter of the nanobubble generator 101 is 50-200 nm; the rotation speed of the spiral stirrer 102 is 0-300 rpm; the water salinity stratification control device 100 is installed in the lake water area of ​​an arid lake.

[0186] In practice, the parameters of the water salinity stratification control device are adjusted through an IoT control module to promote the uniform vertical distribution of salt and reduce the salinity of the lake's bottom layer. The specific control parameters are as follows:

[0187] I. Parameter control of the water salinity stratification regulation device by the Internet of Things control module

[0188] 1. Data Acquisition and Transmission

[0189] Sensor configuration: Salinity sensors (accuracy ±0.5g / L), dissolved oxygen sensors (accuracy ±0.1mg / L), and temperature sensors (accuracy ±0.5℃) are deployed in the vertical profile of the lake (surface, half water depth, and bottom). Data is collected every 10 minutes and transmitted to the Internet of Things control module via NB-IoT network.

[0190] Data threshold setting: When the difference between the salinity of the bottom layer and the salinity of the surface layer is >3g / L, the salinity stratification control command is triggered; when the dissolved oxygen of the bottom layer is <2mg / L, nanobubble aeration is started.

[0191] 2. Dynamic control logic

[0192] Nanobubble generator control:

[0193] Automatic bubble diameter adjustment: The gas pressure (0.2-0.5MPa) is adjusted by the PLC controller. When the salinity is >30g / L, the bubble diameter is set to 50-100nm to enhance the mass transfer efficiency; when the salinity is ≤30g / L, the bubble diameter is adjusted to 100-200nm.

[0194] Operating time control: Start daily from 4:00-6:00 and 18:00-20:00, for 2 hours to ensure that the dissolved oxygen at the bottom layer is maintained at 2-3 mg / L.

[0195] Spiral mixer control:

[0196] Speed ​​adjustment: Automatically adjusts according to salinity stratification intensity. When the difference is >5g / L, the speed is set to 200-300rpm; when the difference is 3-5g / L, the speed is 100-200rpm; when the difference is <3g / L, operation is paused.

[0197] Wind speed linkage control: The wind speed is monitored by the weather station. When the wind speed is >5m / s, the agitator is automatically stopped to avoid water disturbance and increased evaporation.

[0198] Furthermore, the sediment salinization remediation layer 200 (such as...) Figure 2 (As shown) includes a biochar carrier loaded with polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria; the specific surface area of ​​the biochar carrier is 800-1000 m². 2 / g; The sediment salinization remediation layer 200 is set at the bottom of the lake water area in arid lakes.

[0199] In practice, the amount of biochar carrier added each quarter is controlled by an IoT control module. Through microbial mineralization, the content of exchangeable salts in lake sediments is reduced, while nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates are improved. Specific control parameters are shown below:

[0200] II. Precise Regulation of Biochar Carrier Dosage by the Internet of Things Control Module

[0201] 1. Sediment data monitoring

[0202] Monitoring indicators: Exchangeable salt content (detection method: ammonium acetate extraction method) and total phosphorus content (molybdenum antimony spectrophotometric method) are obtained quarterly using sediment samplers (depth 0-30cm). The data are transmitted to a cloud database via 4G network.

[0203] Distribution volume calculation model:

[0204] Addition rate (kg / ha) = [Target salt content reduction (g / kg) × Sediment bulk density (1.2 t / m³)] 3 [(0.3m) × treatment depth (0.3m) × 1000] ÷ biochar adsorption capacity (150mg / g). Based on the dosage calculation model, the actual dosage should be adjusted in gradients of 50-100kg / ha.

[0205] 2. Automated deployment execution

[0206] Dispensing device: Equipped with a GPS-based shipborne quantitative feeder, the IoT control module sends coordinates and dispensing quantity instructions, and the feeder spreads the material evenly at a rate of 5 kg / min with an error of ±3%.

[0207] Feedback and Correction: Seven days after the release, the change in salt content is verified by sediment sensors. If the decrease does not meet expectations (target value of 80%), a supplementary release instruction is automatically triggered, with the supplementary release amount being 20% ​​of the original plan.

[0208] Furthermore, the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer comprises, from bottom to top, a modified ceramsite permeable layer, a salt-tolerant plant-microorganism symbiotic zone, and an ecological geomembrane; the porosity of the modified ceramsite permeable layer is 45%-60%; the modified ceramsite in the modified ceramsite permeable layer is prepared by mixing fly ash and attapulgite at a mass ratio of (0.8-1.2):1, sintering at 750℃-850℃ for 1.5h-2.5h, and then loading nano-iron oxide particles onto the surface of the ceramsite; the ecological geomembrane comprises a graphene-modified HDPE membrane, which is prepared by mixing graphene nanosheets with HDPE particles through a melt blending method, extruding and granulating at 175℃-185℃, and then performing a blown film process; the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer is set in the lakeside restoration area of ​​arid lakes.

[0209] In practice, the thickness or dosage of each layer is controlled by an IoT control module, forming a gradient salinity buffer zone with a length of 10-500m through three-stage purification. Specific control parameters are shown below:

[0210] III. Layered Regulation of the Biological-Physicochemical Composite Desalination Layer by the Internet of Things Control Module

[0211] 1. Modified ceramic aggregate permeable layer

[0212] Thickness control: Adjusted in three sections according to the salinity gradient of the lakeshore zone (10-500m buffer zone):

[0213] High-salinity areas (salinity > 30 g / L): The thickness of the modified ceramsite is 80-100 cm, the porosity is ≥ 50%, and the particle size is 5-10 mm;

[0214] Medium-salt areas (salinity 15-30 g / L): modified ceramsite thickness 50-80 cm, porosity 45-50%, particle size 3-5 mm;

[0215] Low-salt zone (salinity <15g / L): modified ceramsite thickness 30-50cm, porosity 45%, particle size 1-3mm.

[0216] Laying instructions: The construction coordinates are sent through the IoT control module to control the hydraulic compactor to lay the material according to the design thickness, and geogrid is laid every 20cm between layers to enhance stability.

[0217] 2. Salt-tolerant plant-microbe symbiotic zone

[0218] Planting density: dynamically adjusted based on soil salinity.

[0219] Salinity 20-30g / L: Suaeda salsa planting density 10 plants / m² 2 5 plants of Salicornia glutinosa per m 2 ;

[0220] Salinity 10-20g / L: Tamarix row spacing 2m×3m, Haloxylon row spacing 3m×4m.

[0221] Microbial inoculum: AMF inoculant (concentration 1×10⁻⁶) was sprayed simultaneously with sowing using a drone. 8 Apply 50L of the solution per acre (CFU / mL) to ensure a root colonization rate of ≥60%.

[0222] 3. Ecological geomembrane

[0223] Calculation of graphene HDPE membrane usage: Based on the area of ​​the lakeside zone and the salt permeability coefficient (target ≤0.001cm / s), the graphene addition amount is 0.5%-1.0% (e.g., for a 10ha area, with a membrane thickness of 1.5mm, the graphene usage is 50-100kg).

[0224] Graphene HDPE membrane laying control: The IoT control module links the GPS paver to lay the membrane at the designed slope (1:1.5), and the weld seam is monitored in real time by vacuum detection method (negative pressure ≥25kPa).

[0225] The ecosystem self-sustaining reconstruction module 130 is used to rebuild the plant-animal-microbe food chain in arid areas and collaboratively construct microhabitats to achieve ecosystem self-recovery.

[0226] The ecosystem self-sustaining reconstruction module 130 includes a stress-resistant biological community building unit and a microhabitat regulation unit.

[0227] Furthermore, the stress-resistant biological community building unit includes a plant layer, an animal layer, and a microbial layer; the selection of plants in the plant layer includes the following factors: salt tolerance and drought tolerance; the planting of the plant layer adopts seed coating technology, and the coating agent in the seed coating technology includes AMF bacterial agent and water-retaining agent; the plant layer is set at the water-land interface of arid lakes; the species in the animal layer include algae, zooplankton, and fish, and fish shelters are provided; the animal layer is set in the lake water area of ​​arid lakes; the microbial layer includes a compound functional bacterial agent; the compound functional bacterial agent includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; the microbial layer is set at the bottom of the lake water area of ​​arid lakes.

[0228] In practical implementation, the "plant layer + animal layer + microbial layer" hierarchical reconstruction of the food chain is regulated by an IoT control module (the electrical connection method between the stress-resistant biological community building unit and the IoT control module is as provided in the instruction manual), effectively restoring regional biodiversity and improving the self-sustaining capacity of the ecosystem in arid areas. Specific regulation parameters are shown below:

[0229] IV. Command Control of the Internet of Things Control Module for the Hierarchical Reconstruction of the Food Chain

[0230] 1. Planting instructions for the vegetation layer

[0231] Seed coating technical parameters:

[0232] Coating agent formulation: AMF microbial agent (1×10) 8 Mix CFU / g with a water-retaining agent (water absorption ratio of 500 times) at a mass ratio of 1:2, and coat with a thickness of 0.5-1mm.

[0233] Sowing equipment: A Beidou navigation seeder is used, with a row spacing control error of ±2cm and a sowing depth of 3-5cm. After covering with soil, drip irrigation is performed with saline water with a salt content ≤15g / L, and the daily irrigation volume is 20-30L / m². 2 (The first two years)

[0234] 2. Animal layer introduction strategy

[0235] Algae release:

[0236] Dunaliella salina: When salinity > 25 g / L, the planting density is 10. 6 -10 7 The concentration of chlorophyll a was uniformly sprayed using a ship-mounted centrifugal pump at cells / L. The concentration of chlorophyll a was monitored 24 hours after application. If the concentration was <10 μg / L, the chlorophyll a was replenished.

[0237] Zooplankton (Artemia): When the salinity is 20-40‰, the release density is 50-100 ind / L. Select the nauplius stage and release them in shallow water areas of the lake (water depth < 2m).

[0238] Fish release:

[0239] Xinjiang bighead carp: 3-5cm fry, stocking density 500-1000 fish / ha, with supporting artificial reefs (precast concrete components, 30% porosity), reef spacing 10m, positioned and deployed via IoT control module.

[0240] 3. Microbial layer inoculation control

[0241] Calculation of dosage of compound functional microbial agent: Based on the bottom area of ​​the lake, the dosage is 10 kg / ha (live bacteria count ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶). 9 The nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate of the water body (CFU / g) is evenly diffused by a submersible mixer. After 3 days of addition, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate of the water body is monitored. If it is less than 30%, an additional 5 kg / ha is added.

[0242] Furthermore, the microhabitat regulation unit includes a microhabitat regulation network for enhancing the ecosystem's resilience in arid regions; the microhabitat regulation network is located in the lakeshore zone of lakes in arid regions; the microhabitat regulation network includes artificial beehives and insect hotels.

[0243] In practical implementation, the layout of the microhabitat control network is controlled by an IoT control module (the electrical connection between the microhabitat control unit and the IoT control module is as provided in the instruction manual), which enhances the ecosystem's resilience to interference and significantly reduces long-term operation and maintenance costs. Specific control parameters are shown below:

[0244] V. IoT control module's instructions for deploying the microhabitat regulation network

[0245] 1. Artificial honeycomb arrangement

[0246] Aperture and Spacing:

[0247] Aperture control: 5-10mm (suitable for pollinating insects such as leafcutter bees and mason bees), made of salt-tolerant bamboo and wood (treated with silane), single honeycomb size 15cm×10cm×20cm.

[0248] Spacing control: Based on the vegetation density of the lakeside zone, the spacing is 40m in areas with salinity > 20g / L and 60m in areas with salinity < 20g / L. The drone is used for positioning and installation, with a suspension height of 1.5-2m.

[0249] 2. Setting up an insect hotel

[0250] Density and structure: 8-15 units / ha, modular design (wooden frame + straw and bamboo tube filling), individual size 50cm×40cm×30cm, bottom 30cm off the ground to prevent water accumulation.

[0251] The IoT control module links the robotic arm to deploy according to preset coordinates (grid spacing 100m×100m). After deployment, the insect occupancy rate is confirmed by image recognition technology. When it is less than 30%, an attractant (a mixture of beeswax and honey) is added.

[0252] The IoT control module 140 is used to control the intelligent water resource regulation module, the salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module, and the ecosystem self-sustaining reconstruction module.

[0253] The ecological restoration system provided in this embodiment integrates three major modules: intelligent water resource regulation, salinization gradient management and water quality improvement, and ecosystem self-sustaining reconstruction. This achieves synergistic optimization of water quantity, water quality, and ecology, overcoming the limitations of single technologies. Furthermore, the three modules achieve data interaction and collaborative operation through an IoT intelligent control module, breaking through the bottlenecks of synergy, adaptability, and sustainability in existing technologies. This fundamentally solves the core challenges of lake ecological restoration in arid regions, providing an efficient and sustainable solution for similar areas globally.

[0254] Example 2

[0255] This embodiment provides an ecological restoration method for lakes in arid areas. The ecological restoration method uses the ecological restoration system provided in Embodiment 1 and includes:

[0256] (1) The water resources intelligent regulation module obtains real-time water resources data in the arid area and transmits it to the Internet of Things control module. The Internet of Things control module uses the improved SWAT model to generate a regulation plan for the water volume in the arid area in the next 72 hours. The water resources intelligent regulation module dynamically regulates the water volume of reservoirs, groundwater and lakes in the arid area.

[0257] In step (1), the improved SWAT model is a SWAT model coupled with the salinity transport equation; the priority of dynamic water regulation is, in order, lake ecological base flow, agricultural irrigation and industrial water use;

[0258] (2) Based on the results of dynamic water regulation, a personalized plan is generated through the Internet of Things control module. The salinization gradient management and water quality improvement module is used to implement the salinization gradient management plan to form a gradient salinity buffer zone. The water quality improvement plan is implemented to improve the water quality of lakes in arid areas, and the sediment remediation plan is implemented to reduce the risk of sediment salt damage in lakes in arid areas.

[0259] In step (2), the specific salinization gradient treatment scheme includes: the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer forms a gradient salinity buffer zone through transpiration of salt-tolerant plants, degradation by salt-tolerant microorganisms and adsorption by modified ceramic particles; the specific regulation method refers to the layered regulation of the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer by the Internet of Things control module in Example 1.

[0260] In step (2), the water quality improvement plan specifically includes: regulating the operation and pause of the spiral stirrer and the nanobubble generator to maintain the dissolved oxygen content of the water layer and promote the degradation of sulfate and total nitrogen in the water; the specific regulation parameters are as described in Example 1, which describes the parameter regulation of the water salinity stratification control device by the Internet of Things control module.

[0261] In step (2), the sediment remediation scheme is carried out with reference to the precise control of the biochar carrier dosage by the IoT control module in Example 1;

[0262] (3) By generating a plan for planting plants, introducing animals and microorganisms through the Internet of Things control module, the food chain in arid areas can be reconstructed, and the ecosystem can be self-restored by creating microhabitats.

[0263] In step (3), the food chain reconstruction method is carried out in accordance with the instructions of the Internet of Things control module for hierarchical reconstruction of the food chain in Example 1;

[0264] In step (3), the method for creating a microhabitat is carried out in accordance with the deployment instructions of the microhabitat control network by the Internet of Things control module in Example 1;

[0265] (4) After the ecological restoration is completed, the ecological indicators of the lakes in the arid area are monitored in real time through the Internet of Things control module. Every quarter, the restoration effect is evaluated by combining UAV remote sensing and real-time monitoring, and the schemes in steps (1)-(3) are adjusted appropriately based on the monitoring data.

[0266] In step (4), the appropriate adjustments based on the monitoring data specifically include: if an ecological indicator deviates from the threshold, the IoT control module uses a BP neural network to optimize and improve the SWAT model parameters and automatically triggers the adjustment scheme; the ecological indicators include vegetation coverage, fish population size and salinity fluctuation range, etc.

[0267] The ecological restoration method provided in this embodiment, through multi-module intelligent collaborative operation, realizes a closed-loop control method of monitoring-decision-execution-feedback, which can effectively restore the ecosystem of lakes in arid areas. By monitoring the ecological environment of arid areas in real time, more accurate identification of ground features is achieved, thereby obtaining ecological environment information over a large area, greatly reducing the cost of manual monitoring. At the same time, based on the obtained information, corresponding water quantity, water quality, and ecological restoration execution methods are determined to complete the ecological restoration and post-restoration monitoring work in arid areas, ensuring the long-term stability of lakes in arid areas.

[0268] The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration system for lakes in arid regions, characterized in that, The ecological restoration system includes: a water resource intelligent regulation module, a salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module, an ecosystem self-sustaining reconstruction module, and an Internet of Things control module; The intelligent water resource regulation module is used to collect real-time water resource data in arid areas and dynamically regulate the water volume of reservoirs, groundwater and lakes in arid areas. The salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module is used to construct a biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer, form a gradient salinity buffer zone, and improve the water quality of lakes in arid areas. The ecosystem self-sustaining reconstruction module is used to rebuild the plant-animal-microbe food chain in arid areas and collaboratively construct microhabitats to achieve ecosystem self-recovery; The IoT control module is used to control the intelligent water resource regulation module, the salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module, and the ecosystem self-sustaining reconstruction module.

2. The ecological restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent water resource regulation module includes a multi-source monitoring unit, a dynamic water transfer unit, and a water-saving irrigation unit. Preferably, the multi-source monitoring unit includes several sensors for real-time monitoring of basic parameters in the arid region; the sensors are located in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the arid region. Preferably, the basic parameters include precipitation, soil moisture, lake water level, and salinity; Preferably, the dynamic water regulation unit includes a photovoltaic water pumping unit, an intelligent gate, and a flexible water conveyance network; Preferably, the photovoltaic water pumping unit is installed at a water source in an arid area; Preferably, the photovoltaic water pumping unit is equipped with an MPPT controller; Preferably, the intelligent gate is installed between the photovoltaic water pumping unit and the flexible water conveyance pipeline network; Preferably, the response time of the smart gate is <30s; Preferably, the flexible water transmission network is distributed in reservoirs, groundwater areas, agricultural areas, industrial areas, and lake areas in arid regions; Preferably, the water-saving irrigation unit includes several water-saving irrigation devices for agricultural irrigation; the water-saving irrigation devices are installed in agricultural areas of arid regions. Preferably, the water-saving irrigation device is independently connected to the ecological water of the reservoir, groundwater, industrial reclaimed water, and lake desalination water, and is intelligently scheduled through an Internet of Things control module; Preferably, the water-saving irrigation device is equipped with salt-resistant drippers; Preferably, the sensor, dynamic water adjustment unit, and water-saving irrigation device are all electrically connected to the Internet of Things control module.

3. The ecological restoration system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module includes a water salinity stratification control device, a sediment salinization remediation layer, and a biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer; Preferably, the water salinity stratification control device includes a nanobubble generator and a spiral stirrer arranged sequentially from top to bottom; Preferably, the bubble diameter of the nanobubble generator is 50-200 nm; Preferably, the rotation speed of the spiral stirrer is 0-300 rpm; Preferably, the water salinity stratification control device is installed in the lake water area of ​​an arid region; Preferably, the sediment salinization remediation layer includes a biochar carrier loaded with polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria; Preferably, the specific surface area of ​​the biochar carrier is ≥800 m². 2 / g; Preferably, the sediment salinization remediation layer is located at the bottom of the lake water area in an arid region.

4. The ecological restoration system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer includes, from bottom to top, a modified ceramsite permeable layer, a salt-tolerant plant-microorganism symbiotic zone, and an ecological impermeable membrane; Preferably, the porosity of the modified ceramsite permeable layer is ≥45%; Preferably, the modified ceramic particles in the modified ceramic particle permeation layer include nano-iron oxide modified ceramic particles; Preferably, the ecological geomembrane comprises a graphene-modified HDPE membrane; Preferably, the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer is set in the lakeshore restoration area of ​​arid lakes; Preferably, the length of the gradient salinity buffer zone is 10-500m; Preferably, the water salinity stratification control device, the sediment salinization remediation layer, and the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer are all electrically connected to the Internet of Things control module.

5. The ecological restoration system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The ecosystem self-sustaining reconstruction module includes a stress-resistant biological community building unit and a microhabitat regulation unit; Preferably, the stress-resistant biological community building unit includes a plant layer, an animal layer, and a microbial layer; Preferably, the selection of plants in the plant layer includes the following factors: salt tolerance and drought tolerance; Preferably, the planting of the plant layer adopts seed coating technology, and the coating agent in the seed coating technology includes AMF bacterial agent and water-retaining agent; Preferably, the plant layer is located at the water-land interface of a lake in an arid region; Preferably, the species in the animal layer include algae, zooplankton, and fish, and are provided with fish shelters; Preferably, the animal layer is located in the water area of ​​a lake in an arid region; Preferably, the microbial layer comprises a composite functional bacterial agent; Preferably, the compound functional microbial agent includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; Preferably, the microbial layer is disposed at the bottom of the lake water area in an arid region; Preferably, the microhabitat regulation unit includes a microhabitat regulation network, used to enhance the resilience of ecosystems in arid regions. Preferably, the microhabitat regulation network is set up in the lakeshore zone of lakes in arid areas; Preferably, the microhabitat control network includes artificial beehives and insect hotels; Preferably, both the stress-resistant biological community construction unit and the microhabitat regulation unit are electrically connected to the Internet of Things control module.

6. A method for ecological restoration of lakes in arid regions, characterized in that, The ecological restoration method employs the ecological restoration system described in any one of claims 1-5, comprising: (1) The water resources intelligent regulation module obtains real-time water resources data in the arid area and transmits it to the Internet of Things control module. The Internet of Things control module generates regulation schemes and uses the water resources intelligent regulation module to dynamically regulate the water volume of reservoirs, groundwater and lakes in the arid area. (2) Based on the results of dynamic water volume regulation, a personalized plan is generated through the Internet of Things control module. The salinization gradient management and water quality improvement module is used to implement the salinization gradient management plan to form a gradient salinity buffer zone. The water quality improvement plan is also implemented to improve the water quality of lakes in arid areas. (3) By generating a plan for planting plants, introducing animals and microorganisms through the Internet of Things control module, the food chain in arid areas can be reconstructed, and the ecosystem can be self-restored by creating microhabitats. (4) After the ecological restoration is completed, the ecological indicators of the lakes in the arid area are monitored in real time through the Internet of Things control module to evaluate the restoration effect and make appropriate adjustments to the schemes in steps (1)-(3) based on the monitoring data.

7. The ecological restoration method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The IoT control module in step (1) generates a regulation scheme, which specifically includes: using an improved SWAT model to generate a regulation scheme for water volume in the arid region for the next 72 hours; Preferably, the priority of dynamically regulating water volume in step (1) is as follows: lake ecological base flow, agricultural irrigation and industrial water use.

8. The ecological restoration method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The specific salinization gradient treatment scheme in step (2) includes: the biological-physicochemical composite desalination layer forms a gradient salinity buffer zone through transpiration of salt-tolerant plants, degradation by salt-tolerant microorganisms and adsorption by modified ceramic particles; Preferably, the salinity gradient of the gradient salinity buffer zone is ≤5 g / L·km; Preferably, the water quality improvement scheme in step (2) specifically includes: regulating the operation of the spiral stirrer for 4-6 hours / day and using the nanobubble generator to maintain the dissolved oxygen in the water layer at ≥2mg / L. When the wind speed in the lake is >5m / s, the operation of the spiral stirrer is suspended to promote the degradation of sulfate and total nitrogen in the water. Preferably, step (2) further includes: implementing a sediment remediation plan using the salinization gradient treatment and water quality improvement module, specifically including: releasing biochar carriers into the lake water area once per quarter to remediate sediments using polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria; Preferably, the amount of biochar carrier applied is 50-100 kg / ha.

9. The ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that, The method of planting plants in step (3) specifically includes: after mechanical trenching, planting plants using seed coating technology, and drip irrigation with saline water with a salt content ≤15g / L for the first 2 years after planting; Preferably, the method for introducing animals in step (3) specifically includes: releasing animals into the lake at a density of 10 6 -10 7 The facility includes algae at a density of 50-100 ind / L, zooplankton at a density of 500-1000 fish / ha, and fish shelters. Preferably, the fish has a body length of 3-5 cm; Preferably, the fish sanctuary includes an artificial reef; Preferably, the method for introducing microorganisms in step (3) specifically includes: releasing live bacteria with a count ≥1×10⁻⁶ at the bottom of the lake water area. 9 CFU / g compound functional bacterial agent; Preferably, the method for creating microhabitats in step (3) specifically includes: setting up artificial beehives and insect hotels along the shoreline of the lake every spring to attract pollinating insects; Preferably, the artificial honeycomb is made of salt-resistant bamboo or wood; Preferably, the aperture of the artificial honeycomb is 5-10 mm; Preferably, the distance between adjacent artificial beehives is 40-60m; Preferably, the density of the insect hotel is 8-15 insects / ha.

10. The ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 6-9, characterized in that, Step (4) of making appropriate adjustments based on monitoring data specifically includes: if an ecological indicator deviates from the threshold, the IoT control module uses a BP neural network to optimize and improve the SWAT model parameters and automatically triggers the adjustment scheme; Preferably, the assessment of the repair effect in step (4) further includes: assessing the repair effect quarterly by combining UAV remote sensing with real-time monitoring.

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