Saline-alkali soil bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural product processing waste and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and relates to a saline-alkali soil bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural product processing waste and a preparation method thereof. 2, preparing a modified biological carrier; step 3, gradient addition of the leavening and gradient fermentation are combined; 4, mixing with humic acid, and granulating to obtain the saline-alkali soil bio-organic fertilizer. Through multi-source waste compounding, composite enzymolysis, multi-strain synergistic fermentation, modified carrier design and staged precise process control, the defects of the existing saline-alkali soil bio-organic fertilizer in the aspects of raw material utilization, decomposition efficiency, flora function, carrier performance, process control and the like are systematically overcome; the method has the core advantages that resource circulation, microbial metabolism regulation and control and nutrient requirements of the saline-alkali soil are closely combined, and efficient and stable release of nutrients is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizer preparation technology, and relates to a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land based on agricultural product processing waste and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land suffers from high salinity, high pH, ​​and lack of organic matter, severely restricting crop growth. Traditional improvement methods (such as applying gypsum and chemical acidifiers) are costly, have limited effectiveness, and are prone to causing secondary pollution. Existing organic fertilizers also have limited effectiveness in saline-alkali land due to the following technical problems:

[0003] 1) Traditional bio-organic fertilizers for saline-alkali land mostly rely on single agricultural wastes (such as straw or livestock manure), resulting in insufficient raw material diversity. The single raw material leads to a single nutrient structure, which is difficult to meet the complex nutrient requirements of saline-alkali land. Furthermore, there is a lack of comprehensive utilization of various agricultural product processing wastes, which not only fails to effectively solve the environmental pollution problem of agricultural product processing wastes, but also leads to resource waste.

[0004] 2) Existing methods mostly use simple composting or single enzymatic hydrolysis, without designing a composite enzymatic hydrolysis system for different waste characteristics, resulting in incomplete decomposition of organic matter and residual lignin, pectin and other difficult-to-degrade components, which leads to slow release of fertilizer effect and poor timeliness.

[0005] 3) Existing organic fertilizers mostly use single-function bacteria and lack the design of multi-species synergistic effects. Single-species bacteria cannot simultaneously achieve multiple functions such as organic matter decomposition, salt adsorption, and soil structure improvement. In addition, the bacterial community has poor stability and is easily inhibited by saline-alkali environments.

[0006] 4) Existing mineral carriers have not been modified and have limited specific surface area and adsorption capacity, making them unable to effectively load functional microorganisms or slow-release nutrients. The carriers have insufficient adsorption capacity for salt ions, resulting in uneven fertilizer release. Improper application can also aggravate soil compaction.

[0007] 5) Existing fermentation processes often use constant temperature and humidity conditions, without controlling oxygen concentration, temperature and humidity in stages, resulting in long fermentation cycles, insufficient microbial activity or simple metabolites, low organic matter conversion rate, and the products may contain incompletely decomposed harmful substances.

[0008] Therefore, providing a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land that is effective, nutrient-rich, has stable release, and is timely has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the above problems, this invention provides a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land based on agricultural product processing waste and its preparation method, specifically including the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Dry the agricultural product processing waste at 50-60℃ to constant weight, crush it, pass it through a 40-50 mesh sieve, then mix it with the enzymatic hydrolysate, and enzymatically hydrolyze it at 45-55℃ and 120-150 pm for 5-6 hours with shaking. Filter it, remove the filtrate, and dry the filter residue at 40-50℃ to constant weight to obtain the pretreated agricultural product waste residue.

[0011] Preferably, the agricultural product processing waste includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: soybean residue, mushroom residue, furfural residue, distiller's grains, fruit pomace, wheat bran, coconut coir, rice husk, rapeseed cake, beet pulp, sugarcane bagasse, and straw. Most preferably, the agricultural product waste includes soybean residue, mushroom residue, furfural residue, coconut coir, rapeseed cake, sugarcane bagasse, and rice straw in a mass ratio of (4-5):(2-3):(1-2):(1-2):(4-5):(2-3):(7-8).

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the agricultural waste to the enzymatic hydrolysate is 1:3.

[0013] Preferably, the enzymatic hydrolysate comprises cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, laccase, trypsin, pepsin, and water in a mass ratio of 5:1:3:2:5:3:1000.

[0014] Step 2: Mix and grind the biomass and mineral materials, pass them through a 90-100 mesh sieve, and then put them into a carbonization furnace. Heat the mixture at 10-12℃ / min to 400-500℃ and carbonize for 2-2.5 hours. After carbonization, remove the mixture and immediately put it into a modifier within 5-10 seconds. Stir at 100-120 rpm until it reaches room temperature, filter, remove the filtrate, and put the filter residue into a carbonization furnace. Heat the mixture at 10-12℃ / min to 600-700℃ and calcine for 1.5-2 hours to obtain the modified biological carrier.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of biomass, mineral materials and modifier is 5:1:20.

[0016] Preferably, the biomass includes, but is not limited to, one or more of straw, dead branches and leaves, bark, nut shells, sawdust, paper products, and bone meal. Most preferably, the biomass is corn straw.

[0017] Preferably, the mineral material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of diatomaceous earth, attapulgite, bentonite, vermiculite, zeolite, perlite, and quartzite. Most preferably, the mineral material is diatomaceous earth, perlite, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0018] Preferably, the modifier is glacial acetic acid.

[0019] Step 3: Mix poultry and livestock manure with Bacillus licheniformis inoculum solution and compost for 7-10 days at 55-65℃, humidity 50-60%, and oxygen concentration 10%-12%.

[0020] Then, pretreated agricultural waste residue is piled directly on the surface of the fermentation material, and Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis bacterial solutions are added. Fermentation is carried out at 50-60℃, humidity 55-65%, and oxygen concentration ≤1% for 7-8 days.

[0021] Then add the modified biological carrier and EM bacterial solution, and stir the fermentation mixture thoroughly. Maintain the temperature at 55-65℃ and humidity at 65-75%, aerating the mixture for 15-20 minutes every 2-3 hours at an oxygenation rate of 0.4-0.5 m³ / min. 3 / h, with oxygen concentration ≤0.8% for the rest of the time, fermentation for 7-10 days;

[0022] After fermentation, age for 10-15 days and allow to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain the initial product.

[0023] Step 4: Mix the primary product with humic acid at a mass ratio of (8-9):(1-2) and granulate to a particle size of 4-8 mm to obtain saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer.

[0024] Preferably, the mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure, pretreated agricultural waste residue, modified biological carrier, Bacillus licheniformis bacterial solution, Bacillus jellyoidis bacterial solution, Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution, and EM bacterial solution is 40:30:20:3:1:1:1.

[0025] Preferably, the Bacillus licheniformis bacterial solution comprises Bacillus licheniformis bacterial powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:200; the Bacillus gelatinosa bacterial solution comprises Bacillus gelatinosa bacterial powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:400; the Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution comprises Bacillus subtilis bacterial powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:200; and the EM bacterial solution comprises EM bacterial agent and water in a mass ratio of 1:300.

[0026] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] (1) This invention uses a variety of agricultural product processing wastes such as soybean residue, mushroom residue, and sugarcane residue to realize the high-value utilization of multi-source wastes, and solves the problems of single raw materials, resource waste and environmental pollution in existing technologies.

[0028] (2) The present invention uses a combination of multiple enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and laccase to target the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and protein in different wastes, significantly improving the organic matter conversion rate and solving the problem of incomplete decomposition of organic matter caused by single enzymatic hydrolysis in the prior art.

[0029] (3) This invention introduces Bacillus licheniformis (decomposes macromolecular organic matter), Bacillus mucilaginosus (fixes nitrogen), Bacillus subtilis (salt-tolerant and antibacterial), and EM bacteria (synthesizes humic acid) in stages, and promotes the synergistic effect of the microbial community through oxygen gradient regulation (alternating between aerobic-microaerobic-anaerobic), which significantly improves the nutrient release effect of organic fertilizer in saline-alkali land.

[0030] (4) The present invention uses diatomite, perlite and vermiculite compounded and modified with glacial acetic acid to significantly increase the specific surface area. The pores can carry microorganisms, reduce the stress of saline-alkali environment on microorganisms, and can also adsorb excess salt ions in saline-alkali land, thus realizing nutrient slow release and salt regulation. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The Bacillus licheniformis powder, Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, Bacillus subtilis powder, and EM inoculant mentioned in Example 1 were all purchased from the market. Specifically, the Bacillus licheniformis powder was purchased from Shandong Xinxiong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, Bacillus subtilis powder, and EM inoculant were purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Soybean residue, mushroom residue, furfural residue, coconut coir, rapeseed cake, sugarcane bagasse, and rice straw were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:2:1:4:2:8, dried at 55°C to constant weight, pulverized, and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. The mixture was then mixed with an enzymatic hydrolysate at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:3, and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 50°C and 120 pm for 5 hours with shaking. The mixture was filtered, the filtrate was removed, and the filter residue was dried at 45°C to constant weight to obtain pretreated agricultural waste residue. The enzymatic hydrolysate included cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, laccase, trypsin, pepsin, and water in a mass ratio of 5:1:3:2:5:3:1000.

[0035] Step two: Mix and grind corn stalks, diatomaceous earth, perlite, and vermiculite, pass through a 100-mesh sieve, and then place in a carbonization furnace. Heat to 450℃ at 10℃ / min and carbonize for 2 hours. After carbonization, remove and immediately place in glacial acetic acid within 5 seconds. Stir at 120 rpm until room temperature, filter, remove the filtrate, and calcine the filter residue in a carbonization furnace at 650℃ at 12℃ / min for 2 hours to obtain the modified biological carrier. The mass ratio of corn stalks, diatomaceous earth, perlite, vermiculite, and glacial acetic acid is 20:2:1:1:80.

[0036] Step 3: Mix cow dung and Bacillus licheniformis inoculum solution for composting, and ferment for 9 days at 60℃, 55% humidity and 10% oxygen concentration;

[0037] Then, pretreated agricultural waste residue was piled directly on the surface of the fermentation material, and Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis bacterial solutions were added. Fermentation was carried out at 55°C, 60% humidity, and ≤1% oxygen concentration for 8 days.

[0038] Then, continue adding the modified biological carrier and EM bacterial solution, and stir the fermentation mixture thoroughly. Maintain the temperature at 60℃ and humidity at 70%, aerating for 15 minutes every 2 hours at an oxygen flow rate of 0.4 m³ / min. 3 / h, with oxygen concentration ≤0.8% for the rest of the time, fermentation for 9 days; after fermentation, age for 12 days, and then naturally cool to room temperature to obtain the initial product.

[0039] The mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure, pretreated agricultural waste residue, modified biological carrier, Bacillus licheniformis bacterial solution, Bacillus jelly-like bacterial solution, Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution, and EM bacterial solution is 40:30:20:3:1:1:1.

[0040] The Bacillus licheniformis bacterial solution comprises Bacillus licheniformis bacterial powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:200; the Bacillus jelly-like bacterial solution comprises Bacillus jelly-like bacterial powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:400; the Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution comprises Bacillus subtilis bacterial powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:200; and the EM bacterial solution comprises EM bacterial agent and water in a mass ratio of 1:300.

[0041] Step four: Mix the primary product with humic acid at a mass ratio of 4:1 and granulate to a particle size of 5-6 mm to obtain saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer.

[0042] Experimental Example 2

[0043] Experimental group: The saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was used.

[0044] Control group: Commercially available traditional fermented sheep manure organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥45%), purchased from Shandong Yishunfa Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0045] Experimental field: Select soils with similar salinity (pH 8.5-9.0, electrical conductivity 4.5-5.0 dS / m, organic matter content <1.2%), divide them into two groups, and plant maize.

[0046] Fertilization plan: Both the experimental and control groups were fertilized with 500 kg / mu (approximately 333 kg / acre) as a single basal application before sowing. All other field management practices, such as land preparation, topdressing, foliar fertilization, sowing management, water management, and pest and disease control, were consistent between the two groups, referencing "High-Quality and High-Efficiency Maize Cultivation Techniques" edited by Yu Qinglai. In other words, the experimental and control groups were completely identical in management methods except for the basal fertilizer.

[0047] Data detection:

[0048] Before fertilization, soil samples were collected from the 0-20cm layer to determine the initial organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, electrical conductivity, and pH value.

[0049] Soil samples were collected 30, 60 and 90 days after fertilization (basal fertilizer) to determine organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, electrical conductivity and pH value. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0050] The plant height, ear length, thousand-grain weight, yield, and crude protein content of maize were measured at harvest time. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0051] Table 1

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Table 2

[0055] experimental group control group Plant height (cm) 230±5.2 215±4.8 Ear length (cm) 18.3±0.8 16.5±0.7 1000-grain weight (g) 320±8 295±7 Yield (kg / mu) 520±15 480±12 Crude protein (%) 8.1±0.2 7.7±0.2

[0056] Experimental Example 2

[0057] Experimental group: The saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was used.

[0058] Control group: Commercially available traditional fermented sheep manure organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥45%), purchased from Shandong Yishunfa Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0059] Experimental field: Select saline-alkali land in Dongying (pH 8.4-8.7, electrical conductivity 4.3-5.8 dS / m, organic matter content <1.2%), divide it into two groups, and plant wheat.

[0060] Fertilization plan: Both the experimental and control groups were fertilized with 500 kg / mu (approximately 333 kg / acre) as a single basal application before sowing. All other field management practices, such as land preparation, topdressing, foliar fertilization, sowing management, water management, and pest and disease control, were consistent between the two groups, referencing "Wheat Planting Technology" edited by Yang Liguo. In other words, the experimental and control groups were completely identical in management methods except for the basal fertilizer.

[0061] Data detection:

[0062] Organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, electrical conductivity, pH value and wheat yield were measured at wheat harvest time. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0063] Table 3

[0064] experimental group control group Yield (kg / mu) 468±14.8 387±11.4 pH 8.45±0.08 8.69±0.07 EC (ms / cm) 4.3±0.2 5.8±0.7 Organic matter (%) 1.41±0.02 1.21±0.03 Available nitrogen (mg / kg) 65.7±5.42 45.3±2.59 Available phosphorus (mg / kg) 21.1±2.38 14.9±1.35 Available potassium (mg / kg) 208±8.1 140±3.6

[0065] As shown in Tables 1-3, the organic fertilizer prepared by this invention can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, and significantly reduce soil salinity and pH value compared with traditional organic fertilizer. Moreover, the fertilizer effect is stable, and the soil nutrient content continues to increase steadily after 90 days. Compared with traditional organic fertilizer, under the same field management methods, the experimental group of organic fertilizer prepared by this invention has significantly better indicators such as corn yield, grain crude protein content, thousand-grain weight, plant height, wheat yield, and soil nutrient content than the control group.

[0066] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land based on agricultural product processing waste, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Dry the agricultural product processing waste to constant weight, crush and sieve it, then mix it with the enzymatic hydrolysate for enzymatic hydrolysis, filter it, remove the filtrate, and dry the filter residue to constant weight to obtain pretreated agricultural product waste residue. Step 2: Mix biomass and mineral materials for carbonization, then mix with a modifier for modification, and calcine to obtain a modified biological carrier; Step 3: Mix poultry and livestock manure with Bacillus licheniformis inoculum solution and compost for 7-10 days at 55-65℃, humidity 50-60%, and oxygen concentration 10%-12%. Then, pretreated agricultural waste residue is piled directly on the surface of the fermentation material, and Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis bacterial solutions are added. Fermentation is carried out at 50-60℃, humidity 55-65%, and oxygen concentration ≤1% for 7-8 days. Then continue to add the modified biological carrier and EM bacterial solution, and stir the fermentation material evenly. Ferment at 55-65℃, humidity 65-75%, oxygenated every 2-3 hours for 15-20 minutes, with an oxygenation rate of 0.4-0.5 m3 / h, and the oxygen concentration ≤0.8% for the rest of the time, for 7-10 days. After fermentation, age for 10-15 days and allow to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain the initial product; Step four: Mix the initial product with humic acid and granulate to obtain saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural product processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The agricultural waste mentioned in step one is one or more of the following: soybean residue, mushroom residue, furfural residue, distiller's grains, fruit residue, wheat bran, coconut coir, rice husk, rapeseed cake, beet residue, sugarcane bagasse, and straw.

3. The method for preparing saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural product processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enzymatic hydrolysate mentioned in step one includes cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, laccase, trypsin, pepsin and water in a mass ratio of 5:1:3:2:5:3:1000.

4. The method for preparing saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural product processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of biomass, mineral materials and modifier in step two is 5:1:

20.

5. The method for preparing saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural product processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomass mentioned in step two is one or more of the following: straw, dead branches and leaves, bark, nut shells, sawdust, paper products, and bone meal.

6. The method for preparing saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural product processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mineral material mentioned in step two is one or more of the following: diatomaceous earth, attapulgite, bentonite, vermiculite, zeolite, perlite, and quartzite.

7. The method for preparing saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural product processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modifier mentioned in step two is glacial acetic acid.

8. The method for preparing saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural product processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the mass ratio of poultry and livestock manure, pretreated agricultural waste residue, modified biological carrier, Bacillus licheniformis bacterial solution, Bacillus jellyoidis bacterial solution, Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution, and EM bacterial solution is 40:30:20:3:1:1:

1.

9. The method for preparing saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural product processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial product and humic acid mentioned in step four are mixed at a mass ratio of (8-9):(1-2).

10. The saline-alkali land bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-9.

Images