Water-based colored paint capable of carrying out wet-on-wet construction and preparation method of water-based colored paint

Abstract

The invention provides a water-based colored paint capable of carrying out wet-on-wet construction and a preparation method, and relates to the field of water-based colored paints.The water-based colored paint is prepared from, by weight, a component A: 45-60 parts of a water-based base material; a component B: 3-5 parts of a water-based metallic paint dispersion liquid; a component C: 0-4 parts of effect pigment; a component D: 0-28 parts of water-based color paste; the component A is prepared from the following materials: waterborne polyurethane dispersion; an aqueous acrylate dispersion; an aqueous polyester dispersion; an amino resin; a solvent A; a substrate wetting agent; a defoaming agent; a thickening agent; a leveling agent; a rheological aid; an anti-aging aid; a pH regulator; and deionized water. The component B is prepared from the following materials: a solvent B; a dispersant; the invention discloses an aluminum powder passivator. The coating has the advantages of good storage stability, excellent impact resistance and cupping performance, high gloss, good long and short waves and distinctness of image, strong water resistance and chemical resistance, excellent adhesive force performance, high fullness and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water-based paint, in particular to a water-based paint capable of wet-on-wet construction and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, traditional solvent-based automotive coatings are gradually being replaced by water-based coatings. In the B1B2 compact coating process, water-based base paint is directly sprayed on the B1 coating layer in a wet state (wet-on-wet construction), and then cured together with the B2 clear paint. This process can reduce the drying step and energy consumption, but at the same time puts higher requirements on the compatibility, construction tolerance and film appearance of the base paint.

[0003] Currently, there are many types of B1 intermediate coating products on the market, including epoxy ester, polyurethane, acrylic and other resin systems. However, the existing water-based base paint technology has the following core problems: Compatibility limitations: Most base paint formulations need to be matched with specific B1 intermediate coatings (such as specific resin types or curing systems), otherwise poor interlayer adhesion, undercutting or wrinkling problems may occur, resulting in incompatibility with mainstream B1 products on the market (such as electrophoretic intermediate coating, high solid intermediate coating, etc.).

[0004] Appearance defects: When wet-on-wet construction, the mutual solubility of base paint and B1 intermediate coating layer may result in poor leveling, uneven gloss or poor orientation of metal pigments, resulting in orange peel, mottling and other defects; Improper control of solvent evaporation rate can easily cause blisters or pinholes, affecting the final appearance of the paint film (DOI value < 85).

[0005] High process complexity: Spraying parameters (such as viscosity, flash drying time) and temperature and humidity (±1℃, ±3% RH) need to be accurately controlled, otherwise it may cause sagging or dry spraying; Some technologies require additional adhesion promoters or interfacial modifiers, increasing the complexity of the formulation and the cost of construction.

[0006] Patent CN114644878B: uses water-based acrylic polyurethane emulsion as the main component, the resin component is single, the cost is high, the construction window is not specified, the other comprehensive physicochemical properties are not specified, and the adaptability of other water-based intermediate coatings on the market is not specified.

[0007] Patent CN110655857A: Only the DOI value of distinctness of image is compared in appearance aspect, and the long and short wave data are not controlled and explained, the long and short wave data are more intuitive representation of orange peel appearance degree, and when the DOI is high, the long and short wave also exists visual bad condition; meanwhile, the pH value range of the water-based color paint is relatively narrow, 8.0-8.5; the construction property of the water-based color paint does not make specific description on the adaptability of wet-on-wet process; the formula material is more, the process is complex, and the adaptability of other water-based intermediate coating on the market is not described and researched. SUMMARY

[0008] The present application provides a water-based color paint capable of wet-on-wet construction and a preparation method, so as to solve at least one of the technical problems in the above background art.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the present application discloses a water-based color paint capable of wet-on-wet construction, which is composed of the following components: A component: water-based base material; B component: water-based metallic paint dispersion liquid; C component: effect pigment; D component: water-based color paste. The A component is composed of the following materials: water-based polyurethane dispersion; water-based acrylate dispersion; water-based polyester dispersion; amino resin; solvent A; substrate wetting agent; defoaming agent; thickening agent; leveling agent; rheological aid; anti-aging aid; PH regulator; deionized water.

[0010] The B component is composed of the following materials: solvent B; dispersant; aluminum powder passivation agent.

[0011] Preferably, the water-based color paint is composed of the following components by weight: A component: water-based base material 45-60 parts; B component: water-based metallic paint dispersion liquid 3-5 parts; C component: effect pigment 0-4 parts; D component: water-based color paste 0-28 parts. The A component is composed of the following materials by weight: water-based polyurethane dispersion 12-18 parts; water-based acrylate dispersion 15-25 parts; water-based polyester dispersion 5-15 parts; amino resin 6-10 parts; solvent A 3-8 parts; substrate wetting agent 0.2-1 part; defoaming agent 0.5-1.0 part; thickening agent 0.2-2 parts; leveling agent 0.1-1 part; rheological aid 0-1 part; anti-aging aid 0.5-1.5 parts; PH regulator 0.5-2 parts; deionized water 8-20 parts.

[0012] The B component is composed of the following materials by weight: solvent B 89-93 parts; dispersant 3-5 parts; aluminum powder passivation agent 4-6 parts.

[0013] Preferably, the water-based polyester dispersion is WATERSOL ZHW-1346 of Japan DIC Company; The water-based polyurethane dispersion is DAOTAN® TW 6466 / 36WA of Allnex Company. The aqueous acrylate dispersion is Setaqua® 6803 of Allnex Company; The amino resin is any one of Cymel 325, Cymel 327, which is matched with Cymel 303 in a proportion of 5:1.

[0014] Preferably, the solvent A is any one or more of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol hexyl ether, butanol, isopropyl alcohol or isooctanol; The substrate wetting agent is Surfynol 440; The defoaming agent is any one or more of BYK-024, Tego airex 902W, Tego foamex 810 and Foamstar ST 2400; The leveling agent is composed of BYK-381 and BYK-347, and the weight ratio of BYK-381 to BYK-347 is (1±0.3):(2±0.3); wherein the weight ratio of BYK-347 to the substrate wetting agent Surfynol 440 is (1±0.2):(1±0.2).

[0015] Preferably, the thickening agent is any one or more of Rheovis AS 1130, BYK-8421, THIXATROL 5020W and RHEOLATE 299; The rheological aid is LAPONITE RD, THIXATROL 5020W or THIXATROL 5050W; The PH regulator is one of AMP-95 and DMEA; The anti-aging aid is any one or more of Tinuvin 400 and Tinuvin 123; The solvent B is composed of ethylene glycol butyl ether, isooctanol and n-butanol, and the weight ratio of the three raw materials is (4±0.5):(3±0.5):(1±0.3); The dispersant is BYK-192; the aluminum powder passivation agent is Lubrizol 2062H; the effect pigment is aluminum powder, the particle size of the aluminum powder is 16-30 μm; and the water-based color paste is a water-based resin-free color paste.

[0016] The application further discloses a preparation method of the water-based color paint. The preparation method comprises the following steps: Preparation steps of component A: Under the stirring of a disperser at the second stirring speed, waterborne polyurethane dispersion, waterborne acrylate dispersion, waterborne polyester dispersion and amino resin are added in sequence. Under the third stirring speed, solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier and thickener and deionized water are added in sequence. The pH value is adjusted to 8.0-8.8 with a pH adjuster. After filtration through 400 mesh silk cloth, it is packaged to obtain waterborne base material of component A. Preparation steps of component B: Under the stirring of a disperser at the fourth stirring speed, solvent B, dispersant and aluminum powder passivator are added in sequence. After stirring for the second time, the mixture is filtered through 400-mesh silk cloth and packaged to obtain water-based metallic paint dispersion. Final product preparation steps: Under the stirring of a disperser at the first stirring speed, take an auxiliary tank and add the preset percentage of component B and effect pigment component C. After stirring for the first time, a mixture 1 is obtained. Mixture 1 is added to a large tank containing component A. The auxiliary tank is cleaned with the remaining component B. The washing liquid is poured into the main tank and stirred evenly. Then, component D water-based pigment paste is added for color adjustment. After filtering with 400-mesh silk cloth, the product is packaged to obtain the final product.

[0017] Preferably, before preparing a batch of component A from the current batch of component A raw materials, the following steps are performed: Step A01: Detect the viscosity of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion, aqueous acrylate dispersion, and aqueous polyester dispersion of the current batch of component A raw materials under standard testing conditions to determine the overall viscosity; Step A02: Based on dispersion testing, determine the dispersion synergy coefficients of solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier, and thickener; Step A03: Obtain the theoretical second and third stirring speed ranges during the preparation of component A from the same type of component A raw material in the current batch; Step A04: Determine the initial second stirring speed within the theoretical second stirring speed range based on the overall viscosity; Step A05: Take samples of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion, aqueous acrylate dispersion, and aqueous polyester dispersion of the current batch of component A raw materials into a stirring test container, stir at the initial second stirring speed until the requirements are met, and repeatedly detect the viscosity of the material in the stirring test container during the stirring process, and construct a fitting curve of detection time-viscosity of material in the stirring test container. Based on the detection time-viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test vessel, the first target segment is selected to determine the stirring attenuation parameter; the stage with the fastest viscosity decrease in the detection time-viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test vessel is selected to determine the shear sensitivity parameter. The initial third stirring speed is determined within the theoretical third stirring speed range based on the shear sensitivity parameter, the stirring attenuation parameter, and the dispersion synergy coefficient.

[0018] Preferred options also include: After stirring in step A05, use a colorimeter to detect the color difference of the material in different areas of the stirring test container; Step A06: After stirring in step A05, add solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier, thickener and deionized water in sequence at the initial third stirring speed, stir evenly, and use a colorimeter to detect the color difference of the material in different areas of the stirring test container after stirring evenly. Step A07: Determine the stirring synergy coefficient based on the color difference of the material detected in Steps A05 and A06, and determine the target third stirring speed based on the stirring synergy coefficient; the target second stirring speed is the initial second stirring speed.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation of component B before batch processing includes: Step B01: Obtain the miscibility coefficient of solvent B in the current batch. If the miscibility coefficient of solvent B does not meet the corresponding coefficient range, issue an early warning. Step B02: If no warning is given in step B01, add the current batch of solvent B sample, current batch of dispersant sample, and current batch of aluminum powder passivator sample according to the formula ratio of the raw materials of component B, and stir at the fourth reference speed. Stir for a first preset time, then measure the refractive index of the solution to determine the dispersant-passivator miscibility synergy coefficient; Step B03: Based on the miscibility coefficient of solvent B and the synergistic miscibility coefficient of dispersant-passivator, compare the fourth stirring speed with the baseline. The corrected stirring speed was then obtained. ; The current batch preparation process of component B uses the corrected fourth stirring speed. Stir.

[0020] Preferred options also include: Step B04: Add the current batch of solvent B sample, current batch of dispersant sample, and current batch of aluminum powder passivator sample according to the formula ratio of the raw materials of component B. Stir at the corrected fourth stirring speed for the first preset multiple of the reference stirring time, and measure the refractive index of the same area of ​​the mixture several times. Determine the material refractive index variation coefficient based on the refractive index of the mixture. When the stirring time reaches the second preset multiple of the reference stirring time, measure the density of different areas of the mixture to determine the density gradient coefficient of the mixture. When the stirring time reaches the third preset multiple of the reference stirring time, measure the refractive index of different areas of the mixture to determine the material refractive index deviation coefficient. The first preset multiple is less than the second preset multiple, the second preset multiple is less than the third preset multiple, and the third preset multiple is less than or equal to 1. Step B05: Determine the corrected stirring time based on the material refractive index variation coefficient, the mixture density gradient coefficient, and the material refractive index deviation coefficient; The current batch preparation process for component B involves a single preparation at the corrected fourth stirring speed. Stirring time after adjustment.

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The water-based single-component topcoat of this invention can be used with 1K or 2K solvent-based clear coats. It has the advantages of good storage stability, excellent impact resistance and cupping performance, high gloss, good performance of long and short wavelengths and vividness, strong water and chemical resistance, excellent adhesion and fullness, and can meet the requirements of automotive OEMs such as wide application window, fast production cycle and low energy consumption.

[0023] This invention is suitable for high-efficiency production of large batches of multiple colors and varieties. Components A and B are readily available semi-finished base materials, which can be added and configured at any time to produce various solid color paints and metallic paints, greatly improving production efficiency.

[0024] The present invention has a wide application window, and Example 2 is compatible with water-based intermediate coatings from multiple manufacturers on the market, eliminating the problem of paint slippage during wet-on-wet application.

[0025] When used with the same intermediate coat and the same clear coat, this invention produces a good appearance. It locks in the addition ratio of BYK347, Surfynol 440, and BYK-381. By adding the characteristic proportions described in this invention, the best orange peel appearance effect can be achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] Furthermore, in this invention, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" is for descriptive purposes only and does not specifically refer to any order or sequence, nor is it intended to limit the invention. They are merely used to distinguish components or operations described using the same technical terms and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions and features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If a combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0029] This invention discloses a water-based paint that can be applied wet-on-wet. The water-based paint is composed of the following components in parts by weight: Component A: 45-60 parts of water-based base material; Component B: 3-5 parts of water-based metallic paint dispersion; Component C: 0-4 parts of effect pigment; Component D: 0-28 parts of water-based color paste; the basic mass ratio is (50-60):(5-6):(2-4):(0-2). Component A consists of the following materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of waterborne polyurethane dispersion; 15-25 parts of waterborne acrylate dispersion; 5-15 parts of waterborne polyester dispersion; 6-10 parts of amino resin; 3-8 parts of solvent A; 0.2-1 part of substrate wetting agent; 0.5-1.0 part of defoamer; 0.2-2 parts of thickener; 0.1-1 part of leveling agent; 0-1 part of rheology modifier; 0.5-1.5 parts of anti-aging agent; 0.5-2 parts of pH adjuster; and 8-20 parts of deionized water.

[0030] Component B consists of the following materials in parts by weight: solvent B is 89-93 parts; dispersant is 3-5 parts; aluminum powder passivator is 4-6 parts.

[0031] The aqueous polyester dispersion is WATERSOL ZHW-1346 from DIC Corporation of Japan. The aqueous polyurethane dispersion is Allnex's DAOTAN® TW 6466 / 36WA; The aqueous acrylate dispersion is Allnex's Setaqua® 6803; The amino resin is either Cymel 325 or Cymel 327, mixed with Cymel 303 in a 5:1 ratio.

[0032] Wherein, solvent A is any one or more of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol hexyl ether, butanol, isopropanol or isooctanol; The substrate wetting agent is Surfynol 440; The defoamer is any one or more of BYK-024, Tego airex 902W, Tego foamex 810, and Foamstar ST 2400; The leveling agent is composed of BYK-381 and BYK-347, with a weight ratio of (1±0.3):(2±0.3); wherein the weight ratio of BYK-347 to substrate wetting agent Surfynol 440 is (1±0.2):(1±0.2).

[0033] The thickener is any one or more of Rheovis AS 1130, BYK-8421, THIXATROL 5020W, and RHEOLATE299; The rheology modifier is LAPONITE RD, THIXATROL 5020W, or THIXATROL 5050W; The pH adjuster is one of AMP-95 and DMEA; The anti-aging adjuvant is any one or more of Tinuvin 400 or Tinuvin 123; Solvent B is composed of three raw materials: ethylene glycol butyl ether, isooctanol, and n-butanol, with a weight ratio of (4±0.5):(3±0.5):(1±0.3). The dispersant is BYK-192; the aluminum powder passivator is Lubrizol 2062H; the effect pigment is aluminum powder with a particle size of 16-30 μm; and the water-based color paste is a water-based resin-free color paste. The company's self-produced WB water-based series multicolor color paste can be used. This invention also discloses a method for preparing a water-based paint suitable for wet-on-wet application, applied to the preparation of the aforementioned water-based paint suitable for wet-on-wet application; such as Figure 1 As shown; The preparation method includes: Preparation steps for component A: Under the stirring of a disperser at a second stirring speed (range 300-600 r / min), waterborne polyurethane dispersion, waterborne acrylate dispersion, waterborne polyester dispersion and amino resin are added slowly in sequence. Under the stirring speed of a third stirring speed (range 600-800 r / min), solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier and thickener and deionized water are added slowly in sequence. The pH value is adjusted to 8.0-8.8 with a pH adjuster. After filtration through 400 mesh silk cloth, it is packaged to obtain component A waterborne base material. Preparation steps of component B: Under the stirring of a disperser at the fourth stirring speed (range of 300-600 r / min), solvent B, dispersant and aluminum powder passivator are added slowly in sequence. After stirring for a second time (which can be 30 min ± p min, where p can be greater than 0 and less than 1.2), the mixture is filtered through 400 mesh silk cloth and packaged to obtain an aqueous metallic paint dispersion.

[0034] Final product preparation steps: Under the stirring of a disperser at the first stirring speed (range of 300-600 r / min), slowly add the preset percentage (can be 90% or 95%) of component B and effect pigment component C to an auxiliary tank. After stirring for the first time (can be 30 min ± p min, where p is greater than 0 and less than 1.2), mixture 1 is obtained. Mixture 1 is added to a large tank containing component A. The auxiliary tank is cleaned with the remaining component B. The washing liquid is poured into the main tank and stirred evenly. Then, component D water-based pigment is added for color adjustment. After filtering with 400-mesh silk cloth, the mixture is packaged to obtain the final product. Implementation Case: Table 1. Formulation of Component A

[0035] The numbers in the corresponding columns of Examples 1, 2, and 3 above are all percentages of the formula mass.

[0036] Table 2. Formulation of Component B

[0037] The numbers in the corresponding columns of Examples 1, 2, and 3 above are all percentages of the formula mass.

[0038] The examples of component B of the water-based metallic paint dispersion have been repeatedly verified, and the differences in the original paint performance, application performance, and paint film performance are not significant. Therefore, subsequent examples will focus on the examples of component A, while also including Example 1 of component B, and a fixed combination of components C and D. Components C and D are added according to the required proportions, and their types are not unique.

[0039] Table 3. Technical Specifications of Water-Based Base Coating

[0040] Coating application conditions and processes: Construction conditions: 23±3℃, 63±3% humidity Construction process: Intermediate coat: flash-off 5-10 min; solid color paint: flash-off 3-10 min, pre-dehydration at 80℃ 4-8 min; A: Use the same water-based intermediate coat and the same 2k solvent-based clear coat, flash dry for 7-10 minutes, bake at 140℃ for 30-50 minutes; B: Use the same water-based intermediate coat and the same 1k solvent-based clear coat, flash dry for 7-10 minutes, and bake at 140℃ for 30-50 minutes.

[0041] Table 4. Performance Technical Indicators of Composite Coatings (Taking 2K Solvent-Based Clear Coating as an Example)

[0042] Table 5. Performance Technical Indicators of Composite Coatings (Taking 1k Solvent-Based Clear Coating as an Example)

[0043] Part Two: Coating Application Conditions and Processes Construction conditions: 20±3℃, 68±3% humidity; Construction process: Intermediate coat / flash-dry 5-10 min; base coat / flash-dry 3-10 min, pre-dehydrate at 80℃ 4-8 min; A: Matching water-based intermediate coat paint Table 6. Comparison of wet-on-wet application of composite coatings using the same water-based intermediate coat.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The water-based single-component topcoat of this invention can be used with 1K or 2K solvent-based clear coats. It has the advantages of good storage stability, excellent impact resistance and cupping performance, high gloss, good performance of long and short wavelengths and vividness, strong water and chemical resistance, excellent adhesion and fullness, and can meet the requirements of automotive OEMs such as wide application window, fast production cycle and low energy consumption.

[0045] This invention is suitable for high-efficiency production of large batches of multiple colors and varieties. Components A and B are readily available semi-finished base materials, which can be added and configured at any time to produce various solid color paints and metallic paints, greatly improving production efficiency.

[0046] The present invention has a wide application window, and Example 2 is compatible with water-based intermediate coatings from multiple manufacturers on the market, eliminating the problem of paint slippage during wet-on-wet application.

[0047] When used with the same intermediate coat and the same clear coat, this invention produces a good appearance. It locks in the addition ratio of BYK347, Surfynol 440, and BYK-381. By adding the characteristic proportions described in this invention, the best orange peel appearance effect can be achieved.

[0048] In one embodiment, before preparing a batch of component A using the current batch of component A raw materials, the following steps are performed: Step A01: Detect the viscosity of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion, aqueous acrylate dispersion, and aqueous polyester dispersion of the current batch of component A raw materials under standard testing conditions to determine the overall viscosity; Step A02: Based on dispersion testing, determine the dispersion synergy coefficients of solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier, and thickener; Step A03: Obtain the theoretical second and third stirring speed ranges during the preparation of component A from the same type of component A raw material in the current batch; Step A04: Determine the initial second stirring speed within the theoretical second stirring speed range based on the overall viscosity; Step A05: Take samples of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion, aqueous acrylate dispersion, and aqueous polyester dispersion of the current batch of component A raw materials into a stirring test container, and stir at the initial second stirring speed until the requirements are met (the stirring time can be set as needed, or stirring until the mixing (dispersion) uniformity meets the preset range). During the stirring process, the viscosity of the material in the stirring test container is detected multiple times, and a fitting curve of detection time-viscosity of the material in the stirring test container is constructed. Based on the detection time-viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test vessel, the first target segment is selected to determine the stirring attenuation parameter; the stage with the fastest viscosity decrease in the detection time-viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test vessel is selected to determine the shear sensitivity parameter. The initial third stirring speed is determined within the theoretical third stirring speed range based on the shear sensitivity parameter, the stirring attenuation parameter, and the dispersion synergy coefficient. Testing can be conducted based on the initial second and third stirring speeds, and the stirring speed can be fine-tuned using existing technology based on the test results to ultimately determine the target second and third stirring speeds; alternatively, they can be determined based on the method described in the next embodiment. Standard testing conditions are typically a series of unified conditions stipulated by relevant industry standards (such as coating industry standards, chemical industry standards, etc.) or internal company standards to ensure the accuracy, repeatability, and comparability of viscosity test results. They generally include the following aspects: Temperature: Temperature has a significant impact on viscosity. A specific temperature is usually specified, such as 25°C, because the physicochemical properties of many aqueous dispersions are relatively stable at this temperature, which facilitates the comparison of test results from different batches and at different times.

[0049] Shear rate or shear stress: For testing instruments such as rotational viscometers, specific shear rates (such as a certain rotor speed) or shear stresses are specified to ensure that viscosity is tested under the same shear conditions and to avoid differences in viscosity results due to different shear conditions.

[0050] Testing instruments: Specific types of viscometers that meet the accuracy requirements are specified, such as rotational viscometers and capillary viscometers, and there are also corresponding requirements for instrument calibration to ensure the accuracy of instrument measurements.

[0051] Sample preparation: There are also requirements for sample pretreatment, such as ensuring that the sample is uniform and free of bubbles, and avoiding factors such as bubbles from interfering with the viscosity test results.

[0052] Overall viscosity: The viscosity of the different dispersions (waterborne polyurethane dispersion, waterborne acrylate dispersion, and waterborne polyester dispersion) in the current batch of component A raw material is measured under the above-mentioned unified standard testing conditions. It is then converted into a viscosity value that can represent the overall viscosity characteristics of the waterborne polyurethane dispersion, waterborne acrylate dispersion, and waterborne polyester dispersion in the current batch of component A raw material through a certain method (such as weighted calculation based on the proportion of each dispersion in component A).

[0053] Overall viscosity value = viscosity of aqueous polyurethane dispersion of current batch A component raw material under standard testing conditions × mass percentage of aqueous polyurethane dispersion in current batch A component raw material + viscosity of aqueous acrylate dispersion of current batch A component raw material under standard testing conditions × mass percentage of aqueous acrylate dispersion in current batch A component raw material + viscosity of aqueous polyester dispersion of current batch A component raw material under standard testing conditions × mass percentage of aqueous polyester dispersion in current batch A component raw material; Based on the proportions of the raw materials in component A of the current batch, take the corresponding amounts of solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier, thickener, and deionized water; wherein, take 2 parts of each of solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier, and thickener; and take 8 parts of deionized water. Dispersion Test 1: Take one part of each of the solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier and thickener, and one part of deionized water, and stir them at the standard stirring speed to obtain the uniformity of the mixture dispersion. Dispersion Test 2: Take 1 part of solvent A and 1 part of deionized water according to the corresponding ratio and stir them at the standard stirring speed to obtain the uniformity of the mixture dispersion; Dispersion Test 3: Take 1 part of the substrate wetting agent and 1 part of the deionized water and stir them at the standard stirring speed to obtain the uniformity of mixing and dispersion. Dispersion Test 4: Take 1 part of the defoamer and 1 part of the deionized water and stir them at the standard stirring speed to obtain the uniformity of the mixture dispersion. Dispersion Test 5: Take 1 part of the leveling agent and 1 part of the deionized water according to the corresponding ratio, and stir them at the standard stirring speed to obtain the uniformity of the mixture dispersion; Dispersion Test 6: Take 1 part of the anti-aging additive and 1 part of the deionized water according to the corresponding ratio, and stir them at the standard stirring speed to obtain the uniformity of the mixture dispersion; Dispersion Test 7: Take 1 part of the rheology modifier and 1 part of the deionized water and stir them at the standard stirring speed to obtain the uniformity of the mixture dispersion. Dispersion Test 8: Take 1 part of the corresponding amount of thickener and 1 part of the corresponding amount of deionized water and stir them at the standard stirring speed to obtain the uniformity of mixing and dispersion; When testing a dispersion system, samples are selected from multiple locations on the container, such as the top, middle, and bottom. A colorimeter is used to measure the color difference between these samples and the standard color (or the color under ideal homogeneous conditions). The color difference with the largest value is the maximum color difference, and the color difference with the smallest value is the minimum color difference. The average value of all color differences measured for this dispersion system is also calculated.

[0054] Mixing and dispersion uniformity = 1 - [(maximum color difference - minimum color difference) ÷ average color difference]; Dispersion synergistic coefficient of solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier and thickener = Mixing and dispersion uniformity of dispersion test 1 ÷ [(mixing and dispersion uniformity of dispersion test 2 + mixing and dispersion uniformity of dispersion test 3 + mixing and dispersion uniformity of dispersion test 4 + mixing and dispersion uniformity of dispersion test 5 + mixing and dispersion uniformity of dispersion test 6 + mixing and dispersion uniformity of dispersion test 7 + mixing and dispersion uniformity of dispersion test 8) ÷ 7]; The standard stirring speed can be taken as the midpoint of the theoretical third stirring speed range; The same type of raw material in the same batch of component A raw material has the same type, and the key characteristics such as composition properties are completely consistent or the deviation meets the corresponding allowable deviation range. The "theoretical second stirring speed range" and "theoretical third stirring speed range" here refer to the stirring speed ranges that, when preparing component A using the same component A raw material from the current batch of component A, are derived from a theoretical perspective (combining relevant scientific theories such as chemical reaction principles and fluid mechanics laws, and possibly referring to valid data from past experiments or production), respectively, when the preparation process is in the stage corresponding to the second stirring speed and the stage corresponding to the third stirring speed, respectively, so that the preparation process of component A (such as the uniformity of raw material mixing, the degree of reaction, and other key aspects) can achieve the expected results.

[0055] A pre-defined mapping table of comprehensive viscosity range and theoretical stirring speed range is provided (which can be determined based on experimental or historical production data). Select the theoretical stirring speed range corresponding to the comprehensive viscosity determined in step A01 from the mapping table, and determine the overlapping part of the selected theoretical stirring speed range and the theoretical second stirring speed range. This overlapping part is used as the optional range of the initial second stirring speed. Then, select a suitable speed from the above optional range (such as selecting the middle value of the overlapping range, the empirically optimized value, etc.) to determine the initial second stirring speed.

[0056] The first target segment is: in the detection time-viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test container, the starting point is the 0 moment when the stirring action is officially started, and the ending point is the first characteristic inflection point moment when the absolute value of the instantaneous slope of the "detection time-viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test container" first drops to the "average absolute value of the slope in the subsequent stable stage". The complete curve interval corresponding to the starting point and the ending point is.

[0057] "Subsequent stabilization phase" refers to the period under stirring in which the absolute value of the slope of the viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test container at the corresponding stage detection time is less than the preset absolute value of the slope (the slope reflects the rate of viscosity change over time; a small absolute value of the slope means that the amount of viscosity change per unit time is small, that is, the viscosity decreases (or changes) more slowly and evenly without large fluctuations, thus reflecting the characteristic of "stability"). Stirring attenuation parameters ; This represents the absolute value of the maximum slope of the curve for the first target segment. This is the absolute value of the minimum slope of the curve for the first target segment; The detection time corresponds to the absolute value of the maximum slope of the curve for the first target segment; The detection time corresponds to the minimum absolute value of the slope of the curve in the first target segment; n reflects the attenuation of the rate of change of material viscosity (represented by the slope) due to stirring over time in the first target segment. Simply put, it reflects the "rate of decay" of material viscosity over time during stirring; the larger n is, the more significant the attenuation of the rate of change of viscosity in the first target segment.

[0058] It is the natural logarithm; The absolute value of the slope at any point in the curve segment (which is a continuous curve segment) during the period of fastest viscosity decrease is greater than the slope of the curve segment outside the period of fastest viscosity decrease. Shear sensitivity parameter m= ; The maximum viscosity is the segment of the curve where the viscosity decreases most rapidly. The minimum viscosity of the curve segment where viscosity decreases most rapidly; For the detection time-viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test vessel The corresponding detection time; For the detection time-viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test vessel The corresponding detection time; m reflects the rate of viscosity change over time during the stage of fastest viscosity decrease. This rate can reflect the sensitivity of the material to shear. The higher the rate, the more sensitive the material is to shear.

[0059] Based on the shear sensitivity parameter, the stirring attenuation parameter, and the dispersion synergy coefficient, the initial third stirring speed is determined within the theoretical third stirring speed range as follows: Initial third stirring speed ; in, The decentralized synergy coefficient determined in step A02; These are the baseline dispersion synergy coefficient, baseline stirring attenuation parameter, and baseline shear sensitivity parameter for the same type of component A raw material in the current batch; This is the initial second stirring speed; To obtain the dispersion synergy coefficient, stirring attenuation parameter, and shear sensitivity parameter of the same type of raw material of component A in the current batch when the production of component A is qualified at the initial second stirring speed; select the average value of each coefficient / parameter (dispersion synergy coefficient, stirring attenuation parameter, shear sensitivity parameter) or the coefficient with the highest frequency of occurrence as the benchmark value of the corresponding coefficient from the obtained data. The theoretical ratio range of the actual third stirring speed to the actual second stirring speed is the same type of A raw material in the current batch, provided that the stirring effect meets the requirements (such as dispersion uniformity and stirring efficiency) under the benchmark dispersion synergy coefficient, benchmark stirring attenuation parameter, and benchmark shear sensitivity parameter. They are respectively The corresponding speed correction factor; It is based on statistical analysis of production or experimental data showing that the stirring effect of this raw material meets the requirements under the reference parameters; (Possible values ​​are [-0.3, -0.05]) (Possible values ​​are [0.05, 0.4]) (The possible values ​​are [-0.4, -0.1]) This coefficient, established through experiments, reflects the relationship between the relative changes in the dispersion synergy coefficient, stirring attenuation parameter, and shear sensitivity parameter and the speed correction. It is used to correct the initial third stirring speed based on the difference between the current batch and the baseline parameters.

[0060] To obtain These three speed correction coefficients were fitted using a linear regression method, with the following steps: To obtain the first speed correction factor ( Taking this as an example, first fix the stirring attenuation parameter and shear sensitivity parameter as baseline values, change the dispersion synergy coefficient to obtain different relative changes in the dispersion synergy coefficient, adjust the initial third stirring speed until the stirring effect meets the requirements, and record multiple sets of relative changes in the dispersion synergy coefficient and the corresponding initial third stirring speed. Then, simplify the formula to a linear form, perform linear regression on multiple sets of data using the least squares method, calculate the slope, and combine it with known relevant values ​​to determine the first speed correction coefficient.

[0061] For the second rotational speed correction coefficient, with the dispersion synergy coefficient and shear sensitivity parameter fixed as the baseline values, the stirring attenuation parameter was changed, and the above single-factor experiment and linear regression steps were repeated; for the third rotational speed correction coefficient, with the dispersion synergy coefficient and stirring attenuation parameter fixed as the baseline values, the shear sensitivity parameter was changed, and the same operation was repeated to obtain the second and third rotational speed correction coefficients respectively.

[0062] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By measuring the viscosity of the raw materials to obtain a comprehensive viscosity, dispersion tests are conducted to determine the dispersion synergy coefficient. Then, key parameters such as stirring attenuation and shear sensitivity are extracted from the viscosity fitting curve to comprehensively and accurately characterize the dispersion-related properties of the raw materials. When determining the initial third stirring speed, these parameters, which reflect the raw material's dispersion ability, viscosity change rate, and shear sensitivity, are adjusted to ensure that the stirring speed closely matches the actual dispersion requirements of the raw materials.

[0063] This scheme abandons the traditional, blind approach of relying on experience to determine the stirring speed, and instead uses scientifically measured parameters to determine the initial third stirring speed.

[0064] The initial third stirring speed was determined by fully considering the matching relationship between raw material characteristics and stirring speed. For raw materials with good synergistic dispersion ability of each component and rapid viscosity decrease with stirring time, high stirring speed is not required to achieve good dispersion effect. By analyzing and adjusting relevant parameters, the stirring speed can be reduced, thereby reducing energy consumption during the stirring process. For raw materials sensitive to shearing, reasonably reducing the stirring speed can also avoid unnecessary energy consumption caused by high stirring speed. In the long run, this speed optimization method based on precise parameter analysis can significantly reduce energy costs in the production process and improve the economic benefits of enterprises.

[0065] Different batches of raw materials may vary in viscosity and the synergistic dispersion ability of each component. This solution obtains various characteristic parameters of the raw materials under uniform standard testing conditions, and then makes targeted adjustments to the stirring speed based on these parameters, effectively reducing the impact of batch differences in raw materials and improper stirring speed on product quality.

[0066] The precise division of the first target segment and the stage of fastest viscosity decrease together constructs a two-dimensional characteristic analysis system of "raw material dispersion response (first target segment) + core shear-sensitive response (fastest stage)". The combination of the two makes the "three-parameter correction system" of dispersion synergy, stirring attenuation and shear sensitivity more complete, avoiding the "one-sided characteristic judgment" caused by relying on data from only a single stage. The final determined initial third stirring speed can not only match the "dispersion rhythm" of the raw material, but also match the "shear tolerance" of the core stage. While ensuring uniform stirring, it maximizes the avoidance of over-stirring or under-stirring, and further improves production stability and economy.

[0067] In one embodiment, it also includes: After stirring in step A05, use a colorimeter to detect the color difference of the material in different areas of the stirring test container; Step A06: After stirring in step A05, add solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier, thickener, and deionized water sequentially at the initial third stirring speed, and stir evenly (the mixing uniformity meets the corresponding preset range; the preset stirring time can be set, which is the theoretical stirring time for the same component A raw material when the "stirring effect meets the standard"). After stirring evenly, use a colorimeter to detect the color difference of the material in different areas of the stirring test container. Step A07: Determine the stirring synergy coefficient based on the color difference of the material detected in Steps A05 and A06, and determine the target third stirring speed based on the stirring synergy coefficient; the target second stirring speed is the initial second stirring speed.

[0068] Stirring Coefficient ; This is the sum of the total mass percentages of solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging additive, rheology modifier, thickener, and deionized water in the current batch of component A raw materials (i.e., the sum of the proportions of solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging additive, rheology modifier, thickener, and deionized water in the total mass). Without the synergistic effect of auxiliary components (relying solely on basic stirring), the inherent inhomogeneity of the system is: This represents the maximum potential for reducing non-uniformity. After stirring in step A05, the maximum color difference of the material in different areas of the stirring test container (reflecting the initial degree of unevenness). After stirring evenly in step A06, the maximum color difference of the material in different areas of the stirring test container (reflecting the final degree of non-uniformity). U is used to measure the improved uniformity of materials due to the synergistic effect of each component during the mixing process; ; in, The target is the third stirring speed; The benchmark stirring synergy coefficient (the average stirring synergy coefficient of the same component A raw material when "stirring effect meets the standard" or the stirring synergy coefficient that occurs most frequently, based on historical production and experimental statistics). This is the correction factor corresponding to the third stirring speed (with a value greater than -0.3 and less than or equal to 0.05). The correction factor was obtained by combining experimental verification with historical production data statistics: 1. Experimental Phase: Multiple batches of the same component A raw material were selected. Under fixed experimental conditions, the relationship between the target stirring effect and the initial third stirring speed was tested for different differences between the stirring synergy coefficient and the baseline value. 2. Data Fitting: Multiple sets of experimental data and historical production data were compiled, and the mathematical relationship between the speed change and the difference in the synergy coefficient was analyzed. Correction coefficients were determined through methods such as linear fitting. 3. Production Optimization: The correction coefficients obtained from the experiment were applied to actual production. Based on feedback such as material color difference and product performance, the optimization coefficients were fine-tuned to ensure accurate guidance of the stirring speed.

[0069] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By using a stirring synergy coefficient, the color difference in material mixing—a readily apparent indicator—is linked to the stirring speed. This allows for precise adjustment of the third stirring speed based on the actual mixing characteristics of different batches of materials (reflected by color difference). This avoids the over- or under-mixing that can occur with traditional speed settings based on experience, ensuring uniform material mixing and improving the stability of water-based paint product quality.

[0070] Reasonable speed adjustment can reduce energy consumption when the material has good co-mixing properties, and ensure mixing effect by appropriately increasing the speed when the material has poor co-mixing properties. At the same time, it avoids unnecessarily prolonging the stirring time due to excessive speed, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing production costs.

[0071] In one embodiment, the preparation of component B before batch processing includes: Step B01: Obtain the miscibility coefficient of solvent B in the current batch. If the miscibility coefficient of solvent B does not meet the corresponding coefficient range, issue an early warning. Step B02: If no warning is given in step B01, add the current batch of solvent B sample, current batch of dispersant sample, and current batch of aluminum powder passivator sample according to the formula ratio of the raw materials of component B, and stir at the fourth reference speed. Stir for a first preset time, then measure the refractive index of the solution to determine the dispersant-passivator miscibility synergy coefficient; Step B03: Based on the miscibility coefficient of solvent B and the synergistic miscibility coefficient of dispersant-passivator, compare the fourth stirring speed with the baseline. The corrected stirring speed was then obtained. ; The current batch preparation process of component B uses the corrected fourth stirring speed. Stir.

[0072] The miscibility coefficient W of solvent B is... ; in, V represents the volume of ethylene glycol butyl ether, isooctanol, and n-butanol added to solvent B, respectively; V is the volume of solvent B after mixing, under the conditions of adding ethylene glycol butyl ether, isooctanol, and n-butanol to solvent B. The dispersant-passivator miscibility synergy coefficient G = refractive index of the solution ÷ refractive index of pure solvent B; ; The reference value for the miscibility coefficient of solvent B; This is the baseline value for the dispersant-passivator miscibility synergy coefficient; (Possible values ​​are -0.25 to -0.05) (Values ​​can range from 0.03 to 0.2) are the speed correction coefficients corresponding to the miscibility coefficients of solvent B. (Through multiple experiments, with other conditions fixed, the optimal fourth stirring speed was tested under different miscibility coefficients of solvent B, and linear fitting was performed.) The relationship between the speed adjustment ratio and the speed correction coefficient corresponding to the dispersant-passivator miscibility synergy coefficient is obtained (under fixed conditions, the optimal fourth stirring speed corresponding to different dispersant-passivator miscibility synergy coefficients is tested, and linear fitting is performed). (This is obtained from the relationship with the speed adjustment ratio). The benchmark value of the miscibility coefficient of solvent B: For the same component B in the current batch, the standard coefficient value that enables solvent B to achieve good miscibility is determined through experiments or historical production data.

[0073] Dispersant-passivator miscibility synergy coefficient benchmark value: For the same B component in the current batch, the standard coefficient value determined through experiments or historical production data can ensure good miscibility synergy between the dispersant and the passivator.

[0074] The fourth benchmark stirring speed: For the same component B in the current batch, under ideal conditions where the miscibility coefficient of solvent B is the aforementioned benchmark value and the synergistic miscibility coefficient of dispersant-passivator is the aforementioned benchmark value, this is a pre-set stirring speed value for the initial stirring of component B. This speed has been verified to ensure that component B achieves good stirring and mixing effects, and serves as a benchmark parameter for subsequent speed correction based on actual coefficients. The standard stirring time required to achieve thorough mixing at the fourth benchmark stirring speed is the benchmark stirring time.

[0075] The actual material refractive index variation coefficient, actual mixture density gradient coefficient, and actual material refractive index deviation coefficient corresponding to the historical or experimental data of the selected benchmark fourth stirring speed are used as the benchmark values ​​for the material refractive index variation coefficient, the mixture density gradient coefficient, and the material refractive index deviation coefficient. For example, if the selected benchmark fourth stirring speed corresponds to multiple actual material refractive index variation coefficients, the average value or the actual material refractive index variation coefficient that appears most frequently is taken as the benchmark value for the material refractive index variation coefficient.

[0076] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By correcting the stirring speed using two key coefficients (solvent B miscibility coefficient and dispersant-passivator miscibility synergy coefficient), the stirring speed can be precisely adjusted according to the actual miscibility and synergy of each batch of materials. Compared with stirring at a fixed speed, it is more adaptable to the differences in characteristics of different batches of materials.

[0077] This ensures that component B is always under conditions conducive to mixing during the stirring process, reducing uneven mixing caused by improper stirring, thereby guaranteeing the stability of component B and the final water-based paint product quality.

[0078] This avoids the energy waste caused by using a fixed high speed for stirring regardless of the material conditions, and also prevents the situation where the mixing time is too long and the production efficiency is low due to the low speed. While ensuring the mixing effect, it achieves an optimal balance between production efficiency and energy consumption.

[0079] In one embodiment, it also includes: Step B04: Add the current batch of solvent B sample, current batch of dispersant sample, and current batch of aluminum powder passivator sample according to the formula ratio of the raw materials of component B. Stir at the corrected fourth stirring speed for the first preset multiple of the reference stirring time. Measure the refractive index of the same area of ​​the mixture several times. Determine the coefficient of variation of the refractive index of the material based on the refractive index of the mixture (this coefficient reflects the dynamic change of the internal components of the material in the early stage of stirring, and determines whether the initial stirring has caused the material to begin to produce a relatively uniform mixing trend in a local area, providing an early reference for the adjustment of the subsequent stirring process); when the stirring time reaches the second preset multiple of the reference stirring time (see the explanation in the previous embodiment), measure the density of different areas of the mixture. Determine the density gradient coefficient of the mixture (mid-mixing stage, after a certain period of mixing; detecting density differences in different areas at this stage reveals the spatial uniformity of the material's density distribution. The density gradient coefficient reflects the distribution of various components (such as solvents, dispersants, aluminum powder passivating agents, etc.) in different areas, determining whether preliminary uniform mixing of the material has been achieved over a large spatial area during the mid-mixing stage); when the mixing time reaches the third preset multiple of the baseline mixing time, detect the refractive index of different areas of the mixture to determine the material's refractive index deviation coefficient (late-stage mixing, approaching or reaching the baseline mixing time; detecting refractive index deviation in different areas at this stage provides a comprehensive assessment of the material's compositional uniformity throughout the entire mixing system). The first preset multiple (which can be 0.3 to 0.4) is less than the second preset multiple; the second preset multiple (which can be 0.7 to 0.8) is less than the third preset multiple (which can be 0.9 to 1); the third preset multiple is less than or equal to 1. Step B05: If any of the following factors—the coefficient of variation of the material refractive index, the density gradient coefficient of the mixture, or the deviation coefficient of the material refractive index—is outside the corresponding allowable range, an early warning will be issued. Step B06: When a warning is issued in step B05, the corrected stirring time is determined based on the material refractive index variation coefficient, the mixture density gradient coefficient, and the material refractive index deviation coefficient. The current batch preparation process for component B involves a single preparation at the corrected fourth stirring speed. Stirring time after adjustment.

[0080] The coefficient of variation of the refractive index of a material X = (the maximum value of the refractive index of a mixture over several tests - the minimum value of the refractive index of a mixture over several tests) ÷ the average value of the refractive index of a mixture over several tests; The density gradient coefficient Y of the mixture is calculated as follows: (maximum density of different regions of the mixture - minimum density of different regions of the mixture) ÷ average density of different regions of the mixture. Material refractive index deviation coefficient Z = (maximum refractive index of different regions of the mixture - minimum refractive index of different regions of the mixture) ÷ average refractive index of different regions of the mixture; A preset mapping table of material refractive index variation coefficient range, mixture density gradient coefficient range, material refractive index deviation coefficient range, and stirring time correction coefficient can be used (which can be determined based on experimental or historical production data). The target stirring time correction coefficient is determined based on the material refractive index variation coefficient, mixture density gradient coefficient, material refractive index deviation coefficient, and the above mapping table determined in step 04. Corrected mixing time = baseline mixing time × target mixing time correction factor; The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: by detecting different coefficients in stages, the mixing state of the material at each stage of stirring can be grasped in a timely manner, which makes it easier to assess whether to issue an early warning based on the mixing state at each stage. The early warning mechanism provides staff with an opportunity to intervene in a timely manner.

[0081] Upon receiving an alert, the stirring time can be adjusted based on the specific coefficient exceeding the limit. Compared to stirring for a fixed duration, this method is better able to adapt to the differences in the mixing characteristics of materials at different stages of stirring, avoiding under- or over-stirring. Comprehensive coefficient detection and a reasonable time correction mechanism ensure that component B is always under conditions conducive to mixing during the stirring process, reducing uneven mixing problems caused by improper stirring, thereby guaranteeing the stability of the quality of component B and even the final product (such as water-based paint).

[0082] It should be noted that the detailed methods of this invention are illustrated through embodiments, and are merely explanations of the invention, not limitations thereof. Those skilled in the art should understand after reading this specification that any improvements to this invention, including equivalent substitutions of raw materials and the addition of auxiliary components, as well as the selection of specific methods, should fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

[0083] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A water-based paint suitable for wet-on-wet application, characterized in that: The water-based paint is composed of the following components: Component A: water-based base material; Component B: water-based metallic paint dispersion; Component C: effect pigment; Component D: water-based color paste; Component A consists of the following materials: aqueous polyurethane dispersion; aqueous acrylate dispersion; aqueous polyester dispersion; amino resin; solvent A; substrate wetting agent; defoamer; thickener; leveling agent; rheology modifier; anti-aging agent; pH adjuster; deionized water; Component B consists of the following materials: solvent B; dispersant; aluminum powder passivator.

2. The water-based paint that can be applied wet-on-wet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-based paint is composed of the following components in parts by weight: Component A: 45-60 parts of water-based base material; Component B: 3-5 parts of water-based metallic paint dispersion; Component C: 0-4 parts of effect pigment; Component D: 0-28 parts of water-based color paste. Component A consists of the following materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of waterborne polyurethane dispersion; 15-25 parts of waterborne acrylate dispersion; 5-15 parts of waterborne polyester dispersion; 6-10 parts of amino resin; 3-8 parts of solvent A; 0.2-1 part of substrate wetting agent; 0.5-1.0 part of defoamer; 0.2-2 parts of thickener; 0.1-1 part of leveling agent; 0-1 part of rheology modifier; 0.5-1.5 parts of anti-aging agent; 0.5-2 parts of pH adjuster; and 8-20 parts of deionized water. Component B consists of the following materials in parts by weight: solvent B is 89-93 parts; dispersant is 3-5 parts; aluminum powder passivator is 4-6 parts.

3. The water-based paint that can be applied wet-on-wet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aqueous polyester dispersion is WATERSOL ZHW-1346 from DIC Corporation of Japan. The aqueous polyurethane dispersion is Allnex's DAOTAN® TW 6466 / 36WA; The aqueous acrylate dispersion is Allnex's Setaqua® 6803; The amino resin is either Cymel 325 or Cymel 327, mixed with Cymel 303 in a 5:1 ratio.

4. The water-based paint that can be applied wet-on-wet according to claim 1, characterized in that: Solvent A is any one or more of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol hexyl ether, butanol, isopropanol, or isooctanol; The substrate wetting agent is Surfynol 440; The defoamer is any one or more of BYK-024, Tego airex 902W, Tego foamex 810, and Foamstar ST 2400; The leveling agent is composed of BYK-381 and BYK-347, with a weight ratio of (1±0.3):(2±0.3); wherein the weight ratio of BYK-347 to substrate wetting agent Surfynol 440 is (1±0.2):(1±0.2).

5. A water-based paint suitable for wet-on-wet application according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickener is any one or more of Rheovis AS 1130, BYK-8421, THIXATROL 5020W, and RHEOLATE 299; The rheology modifier is LAPONITE RD, THIXATROL 5020W, or THIXATROL 5050W; The pH adjuster is one of AMP-95 and DMEA; The anti-aging adjuvant is any one or more of Tinuvin 400 or Tinuvin 123; Solvent B is composed of three raw materials: ethylene glycol butyl ether, isooctanol, and n-butanol, with a weight ratio of (4±0.5):(3±0.5):(1±0.3). The dispersant is BYK-192; the aluminum powder passivator is Lubrizol 2062H; the effect pigment is aluminum powder with a particle size of 16-30 μm; and the water-based color paste is a water-based resin-free color paste.

6. A method for preparing a water-based paint suitable for wet-on-wet application, characterized in that, It is used to prepare a water-based paint that can be applied wet-on-wet as described in any one of claims 1-5; the preparation method includes: Preparation steps of component A: Under the stirring of a disperser at the second stirring speed, waterborne polyurethane dispersion, waterborne acrylate dispersion, waterborne polyester dispersion and amino resin are added in sequence. Under the third stirring speed, solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier and thickener and deionized water are added in sequence. The pH value is adjusted to 8.0-8.8 with a pH adjuster. After filtration through 400 mesh silk cloth, it is packaged to obtain waterborne base material of component A. Preparation steps of component B: Under the stirring of a disperser at the fourth stirring speed, solvent B, dispersant and aluminum powder passivator are added in sequence. After stirring for the second time, the mixture is filtered through 400-mesh silk cloth and packaged to obtain water-based metallic paint dispersion. Final product preparation steps: Under the stirring of a disperser at the first stirring speed, take an auxiliary tank and add the preset percentage of component B and effect pigment component C. After stirring for the first time, a mixture 1 is obtained. Mixture 1 is added to a large tank containing component A. The auxiliary tank is cleaned with the remaining component B. The washing liquid is poured into the main tank and stirred evenly. Then, component D water-based pigment paste is added for color adjustment. After filtering with 400-mesh silk cloth, the product is packaged to obtain the final product.

7. The method for preparing a water-based paint suitable for wet-on-wet application according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before preparing a batch of component A from the current batch of component A raw materials, the following steps should be taken: Step A01: Detect the viscosity of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion, aqueous acrylate dispersion, and aqueous polyester dispersion of the current batch of component A raw materials under standard testing conditions to determine the overall viscosity; Step A02: Based on dispersion testing, determine the dispersion synergy coefficients of solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier, and thickener; Step A03: Obtain the theoretical second and third stirring speed ranges during the preparation of component A from the same type of component A raw material in the current batch; Step A04: Determine the initial second stirring speed within the theoretical second stirring speed range based on the overall viscosity; Step A05: Take samples of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion, aqueous acrylate dispersion, and aqueous polyester dispersion of the current batch of component A raw materials into a stirring test container, stir at the initial second stirring speed until the requirements are met, and repeatedly detect the viscosity of the material in the stirring test container during the stirring process, and construct a fitting curve of detection time-viscosity of material in the stirring test container. Based on the detection time-viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test vessel, the first target segment is selected to determine the stirring attenuation parameter; the stage with the fastest viscosity decrease in the detection time-viscosity fitting curve of the material in the stirring test vessel is selected to determine the shear sensitivity parameter. The initial third stirring speed is determined within the theoretical third stirring speed range based on the shear sensitivity parameter, the stirring attenuation parameter, and the dispersion synergy coefficient.

8. The method for preparing a water-based paint suitable for wet-on-wet application according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: After stirring in step A05, use a colorimeter to detect the color difference of the material in different areas of the stirring test container; Step A06: After stirring in step A05, add solvent A, substrate wetting agent, defoamer, leveling agent, anti-aging agent, rheology modifier, thickener and deionized water in sequence at the initial third stirring speed, stir evenly, and use a colorimeter to detect the color difference of the material in different areas of the stirring test container after stirring evenly. Step A07: Determine the stirring synergy coefficient based on the color difference of the material detected in Steps A05 and A06, and determine the target third stirring speed based on the stirring synergy coefficient; the target second stirring speed is the initial second stirring speed.

9. The method for preparing a water-based paint suitable for wet-on-wet application according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before batch preparation of component B, the following steps are included: Step B01: Obtain the miscibility coefficient of solvent B in the current batch. If the miscibility coefficient of solvent B does not meet the corresponding coefficient range, issue an early warning. Step B02: If no warning is given in step B01, add the current batch of solvent B sample, current batch of dispersant sample, and current batch of aluminum powder passivator sample according to the formula ratio of the raw materials of component B, and stir at the fourth reference speed. Stir for a first preset time, then measure the refractive index of the solution to determine the dispersant-passivator miscibility synergy coefficient; Step B03: Based on the miscibility coefficient of solvent B and the synergistic miscibility coefficient of dispersant-passivator, compare the fourth stirring speed with the baseline. The corrected stirring speed was then obtained. ; The current batch preparation process of component B uses the corrected fourth stirring speed. Stir.

10. A method for preparing a water-based paint suitable for wet-on-wet application according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: Step B04: Add the current batch of solvent B sample, current batch of dispersant sample, and current batch of aluminum powder passivator sample according to the formula ratio of the raw materials of component B. Stir at the corrected fourth stirring speed for the first preset multiple of the reference stirring time, and measure the refractive index of the same area of ​​the mixture several times. Determine the material refractive index variation coefficient based on the refractive index of the mixture. When the stirring time reaches the second preset multiple of the reference stirring time, measure the density of different areas of the mixture to determine the density gradient coefficient of the mixture. When the stirring time reaches the third preset multiple of the reference stirring time, measure the refractive index of different areas of the mixture to determine the material refractive index deviation coefficient. The first preset multiple is less than the second preset multiple, the second preset multiple is less than the third preset multiple, and the third preset multiple is less than or equal to 1. Step B05: If any of the following factors—the coefficient of variation of the material refractive index, the density gradient coefficient of the mixture, or the deviation coefficient of the material refractive index—is outside the corresponding allowable range, an early warning will be issued.

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