Pressure vessel and method of use thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a pressure container and a using method thereof.The pressure container comprises a shell, a connecting part, an outer sealing part, an inner sealing part, an outer leakage detecting part and an inner leakage detecting part, the shell comprises a base layer and a composite layer, the shell is provided with a through hole penetrating through the thickness direction, the connecting part is arranged outside the shell, inserted into the through hole and fixedly connected with the base layer so that the through hole can communicate with a communicating space, and the inner leakage detecting part is arranged in the shell; the outer sealing part extends to the through hole along the composite layer and extends along the inner wall of the communication space through the through hole, the inner sealing part is arranged on the inner surface of the outer sealing part, the outer leakage detection part is used for detecting the sealing performance of the outer sealing part, and the inner leakage detection part is used for detecting the sealing performance of the inner sealing part. According to the pressure container, a lining double-layer sealing structure is formed, the sealing performance of the pressure container is improved, when the inner leakage detection part detects medium leakage and the outer leakage detection part does not detect medium leakage, equipment can continue to operate, immediate shutdown for maintenance is not needed, the equipment shutdown frequency is reduced on the premise that safety is ensured, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged. The production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to sealing technology for pressure vessels, and more particularly to a pressure vessel and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Titanium / zirconium materials are widely used in pressure vessels due to their corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance. Because of their relatively high cost, titanium-steel, zirconium-steel, or zirconium-titanium-steel composite plates are widely used in the manufacture of chemical equipment, depending on the specific characteristics of the media used in different industries.

[0003] Pressure vessels using titanium-steel, zirconium-steel, or zirconium-titanium-steel composite plates typically contain highly corrosive internal media. These media rapidly and severely corrode and damage the outer steel, significantly impacting equipment safety and lifespan, and causing irreparable losses. Therefore, if a leak occurs in the internal titanium / zirconium lining, the vessel must be shut down immediately to investigate the cause, undergo appropriate repairs, and pass inspection and testing before it can be put back into operation.

[0004] In the industry, equipment for titanium-steel, zirconium-steel, or zirconium-titanium-steel composite plates generally adopts a single-layer sealing structure and leak detection technology. This not only results in poor sealing performance, but also requires emergency shutdown for inspection and repair before the equipment can be put back into use, affecting production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a pressure vessel and its usage method. The pressure vessel forms a double-layer sealing structure with a lining, which improves the sealing performance of the pressure vessel. When the internal leak detection part detects a medium leak but the external leak detection part does not detect a medium leak, the equipment can continue to operate without having to stop immediately for inspection and maintenance. This reduces the frequency of equipment downtime and improves production efficiency while ensuring safety.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a pressure vessel, comprising: a shell, the shell including a base layer and a cladding layer stacked from the outside to the inside in the thickness direction, the shell having a through hole extending through the thickness direction; a connecting portion having a communicating space open to both ends, the connecting portion being disposed outside the shell, and the connecting portion being inserted into the through hole and connected to the base layer so that the through hole communicates with the communicating space; an outer sealing portion extending along the cladding layer to the through hole and extending along the inner wall of the communicating space through the through hole; an inner sealing portion disposed on the inner surface of the outer sealing portion; an outer leak detection portion for detecting the sealing performance of the outer side of the outer sealing portion; and an inner leak detection portion for detecting the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner sealing portion.

[0008] As an optional implementation, the outer sealing part includes: an outer sealing sleeve, the outer sealing sleeve including a first inner extension plate and a first outer extension sleeve, the first inner extension plate being disposed inside the housing and laid or embedded in the inner surface of the cladding, the first inner extension plate having a first connecting hole opposite to the through hole, the first outer extension sleeve being connected to the edge of the first connecting hole and extending through the through hole to the communicating space, the outer wall of the first outer extension sleeve being in contact with the inner wall of the communicating space; and a liner, the liner being located in the communicating space and in contact with the inner wall of the communicating space, and the liner being connected to the first outer extension sleeve.

[0009] As an optional implementation, the housing has a first leak detection hole from the outside to the inside, and the inner end of the first leak detection hole is connected to the outer surface of the first inner extension plate; the outer leak detection part includes a first leak detection tube with a first leak detection end, the first leak detection end is inserted into the first leak detection hole and connected to the outer surface of the first inner extension plate to detect the sealing performance of the outer sealing sleeve.

[0010] As an optional implementation, the connecting part has a second leak detection hole from the outside to the inside, and the inner end of the second leak detection hole is connected to the outer surface of the liner; the external leak detection part includes a second leak detection tube with a second leak detection end, which is inserted into the second leak detection hole to connect with the outer surface of the liner to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the liner.

[0011] As an optional implementation, the inner sealing part includes: an inner sealing sleeve, the inner sealing sleeve including a second inner extension plate and a second outer extension sleeve, the second inner extension plate being disposed inside the housing and laid on the inner surface of the first inner extension plate, the second inner extension plate having a second connecting hole opposite to the through hole, the second outer extension sleeve being connected to the edge of the second connecting hole and extending into the interior of the first outer extension sleeve through the through hole, the outer wall of the second outer extension sleeve being in contact with the inner wall of the first outer extension sleeve.

[0012] As an optional implementation, the housing has a third leak detection hole from the outside to the inside, and the inner end of the third leak detection hole is connected to the outer surface of the second inner extension plate; the inner leak detection part includes a third leak detection tube with a third leak detection end, which is inserted into the third leak detection hole to connect with the outer surface of the second inner extension plate to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner sealing sleeve.

[0013] As an optional implementation, the inner sealing part includes: an inner bushing, the inner bushing being located inside the liner tube, and the outer wall of the inner bushing being in contact with the inner wall of the liner tube.

[0014] As an optional implementation, the connecting part is provided with a fourth leak detection hole, and the liner is provided with a fifth leak detection hole opposite to the fourth leak detection hole, and the inner end of the fifth leak detection hole is connected to the outer surface of the inner liner; the inner leak detection part includes a fourth leak detection tube, which has a fourth leak detection end, and the fourth leak detection end is inserted into the fourth leak detection hole and the fifth leak detection hole to connect with the outer surface of the inner liner to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner sealing sleeve.

[0015] As an optional implementation, the pressure vessel further includes: a liner ring fixed to the end of the connection portion away from the shell; a liner tube welded to the liner ring at the end away from the outer sealing sleeve; and an inner liner welded to the liner ring at the end away from the shell.

[0016] As an optional implementation, the pressure vessel further includes: a convex ring portion protruding from the outer wall of the connecting portion; an outer leak detection portion including a second leak detection tube passing through the convex ring portion and the connecting portion, and connected to the outer surface of the liner to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the liner; and / or, an inner leak detection portion including a fourth leak detection tube passing through the convex ring portion, the connecting portion and the liner, and connected to the outer surface of the inner liner to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner liner.

[0017] Secondly, this application provides a method of using a pressure vessel, the method comprising: continuing to operate the pressure vessel when an internal leak detection part detects a leak in the internal sealing part and an external leak detection part detects no leak in the internal sealing part; and stopping the operation of the pressure vessel when both the internal and external leak detection parts detect a leak in the internal sealing part.

[0018] The pressure vessel of this application comprises an outer sealing part and an inner sealing part forming a double-layer lining sealing structure at the connection between the through hole and the connecting part, thereby improving the sealing performance of the pressure vessel. An inner leak detection part is connected to the outer surface of the inner sealing part. The inner leak detection part determines whether the medium has leaked to the outside of the inner sealing part by detecting the presence of medium on the outer surface of the inner sealing part. Similarly, an outer leak detection part is connected to the outer surface of the outer sealing part, determining whether the medium has leaked to the outside of the outer sealing part by detecting the presence of medium on the outer surface of the outer sealing part. When the inner leak detection part detects a medium leak but the outer leak detection part does not, the equipment can continue to operate without immediate shutdown for inspection and maintenance. This reduces the frequency of equipment downtime and improves production efficiency while ensuring safety. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pressure vessel provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the outer sealing part of a pressure vessel provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the inner sealing sleeve in a pressure vessel provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection relationship between the connecting part, the liner, and the covering layer in a pressure vessel provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 100. Shell; 110. Base layer; 120. Overlapping layer; 130. Through hole; 140. First leak detection hole; 150. Third leak detection hole; 200. Connecting part; 210. Communicating space; 220. Second leak detection hole; 230. Fourth leak detection hole; 300. Outer sealing part; 310. Outer sealing sleeve; 312. First inner extension plate; 312a. First connecting hole; 314. First outer extension sleeve; 320. Liner; 322. Fifth leak detection hole; 324. Covering layer; 400. Inner sealing part; 410. Inner sealing sleeve; 4 12. Second inner extension plate; 412a. Second connecting hole; 414. Second outer sleeve; 420. Inner bushing; 500. Outer leak detection part; 510. First leak detection tube; 512. First leak detection end; 520. Second leak detection tube; 522. Second leak detection end; 600. Inner leak detection part; 610. Third leak detection tube; 612. Third leak detection end; 620. Fourth leak detection tube; 622. Fourth leak detection end; 700. Liner ring; 710. Washer ring; 800. Protruding ring part; 810. Sixth leak detection hole; 820. Seventh leak detection hole. Detailed Implementation

[0028] In existing technologies, equipment for titanium-steel, zirconium-steel, or zirconium-titanium-steel composite plates generally adopts a single-layer sealing structure and leak detection technology. This not only results in poor sealing performance, but also requires emergency shutdown for inspection and repair before the equipment can be put back into use, which affects production efficiency.

[0029] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a pressure vessel with a double-layer sealing structure formed by an outer sealing part and an inner sealing part at the connection between the through hole and the connecting part, thereby improving the sealing performance of the pressure vessel. An inner leak detection part is connected to the outer surface of the inner sealing part and determines whether the medium has leaked to the outside of the inner sealing part by detecting the presence of medium on the outer surface of the inner sealing part. Similarly, an outer leak detection part is connected to the outer surface of the outer sealing part and determines whether the medium has leaked to the outside of the outer sealing part by detecting the presence of medium on the outer surface of the outer sealing part. When the inner leak detection part detects a medium leak but the outer leak detection part does not, the equipment can continue to operate without immediate shutdown for inspection and maintenance, reducing equipment downtime frequency and improving production efficiency while ensuring safety.

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0031] See Figures 1 to 3 This application provides a pressure vessel that can be applied in the chemical industry, such as an acetic acid reactor. This application does not specifically limit the specific application scenario of this pressure vessel.

[0032] In some embodiments, the pressure vessel includes a shell 100, which defines a containment space for holding a gaseous or liquid medium, i.e., the shell 100 serves as a container with a certain pressure-bearing capacity.

[0033] The shell 100 includes a base layer 110 and a cladding layer 120 stacked from the outside to the inside in the thickness direction. The base layer 110 may be made of carbon steel, and the cladding layer 120 may be made of titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite material. Because titanium and zirconium materials have high corrosion resistance and heat resistance, and are easy to process and form, they are suitable for the operating environment of pressure vessels.

[0034] In some alternative embodiments, the housing 100 may be welded from multiple segments of a composite plate wound into a cylindrical shape, wherein the composite plate has a base layer 110 and a cladding layer 120 stacked together. The base layer 110 may be made of carbon steel, and the cladding layer 120 may be made of titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite material. During welding, the base layers 110 are connected by welding, and the cladding layers 120 of the composite plate are connected by transition welding.

[0035] In some embodiments, the housing 100 has a through hole 130 extending through the thickness direction. The through hole 130 can be used as an inlet or outlet for materials, or as a manhole.

[0036] See Figures 1 to 5 The pressure vessel may further include a connecting portion 200, an outer sealing portion 300, and an inner sealing portion 400. The connecting portion 200 has communicating spaces 210 opening to both ends. The connecting portion 200 is disposed outside the housing 100 and inserted into the through hole 130, and is fixedly connected to the base layer 110 so that the through hole 130 communicates with the communicating space 210. The outer sealing portion 300 extends from the cladding layer 120 to the through hole 130 and extends through the through hole 130 to conform to the inner wall of the communicating space 210. The inner sealing portion 400 is disposed on the inner surface of the outer sealing portion 300.

[0037] Since the shell 100 is composed of a base layer 110 and a cladding layer 120 stacked from the outside to the inside in the thickness direction, and the shell 100 is provided with a through hole 130 in the thickness direction, the stacked structure of the base layer 110 and the cladding layer 120 can be exposed at the periphery of the through hole 130.

[0038] The connecting part 200 may be made of carbon steel, the same material as the base layer 110. The end of the connecting part 200 is inserted into the through hole 130 and welded to the base layer 110 exposed at the inner edge of the through hole 130, thereby fixing the connecting part 200 to the through hole 130 of the housing 100 and making the through hole 130 of the housing 100 communicate with the communicating space 210 of the connecting part 200.

[0039] Furthermore, since the connecting part 200 and the base layer 110 are made of the same material (both are carbon steel), there are no problems such as interface reaction, intermediate layer or inclusions when they are welded, which can ensure good connection quality and welding stability.

[0040] The material of the outer sealing portion 300 is the same as that of the cladding layer 120, which can both be titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite material. A portion of the outer sealing portion 300 is located inside the housing 100, and another portion is located within the communicating space 210 of the connecting portion 200. The portion of the outer sealing portion 300 inside the housing 100 can extend towards the through hole 130, conforming to the surface of the cladding layer 120. Since the through hole 130 communicates with the communicating space 210 of the connecting portion 200, the outer sealing portion 300 can extend through the through hole 130 into the communicating space 210 of the connecting portion 200. The portion of the outer sealing portion 300 within the communicating space 210 can extend against the inner wall of the communicating space 210, thus forming an outer sealing structure at the connection between the connecting portion 200 and the housing 100.

[0041] The material of the inner sealing portion 400 is the same as that of the cladding layer 120, which can both be titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite material. The inner sealing portion 400 may include one or more inner sealing units. Some of these inner sealing units may extend from the cladding layer 120 to the inner wall of the communicating space 210 and are located on the inner surface of the outer sealing portion 300; other inner sealing units may be disposed within the communicating space 210 and are located on the inner surface of the outer sealing portion 300, so that the inner sealing portion 400 can form an inner layer sealing structure within the inner layer of the outer sealing portion 300.

[0042] In this embodiment, a double-layer sealing structure is formed at the connection between the through hole 130 and the connecting part 200 by the outer sealing part 300 and the inner sealing part 400, which improves the sealing performance of the pressure vessel. Furthermore, since the inner sealing part 400 has strong corrosion resistance, the durability of the sealing structure is further improved, and the reliability of the seal is enhanced.

[0043] In addition, since the outer sealing part 300 also has strong corrosion resistance, when the medium stored in the housing 100 leaks between the inner sealing part 400 and the outer sealing part 300, the outer sealing part 300 can also prevent the medium from continuing to leak to the base layer 110 carbon steel, reducing the probability of the carbon steel being rapidly corroded and failing.

[0044] See Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the pressure vessel may further include an external leak detection section 500 and an internal leak detection section 600. The external leak detection section 500 is used to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the external sealing section 300. The internal leak detection section 600 is used to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the internal sealing section 400.

[0045] In some exemplary embodiments, an inner leak detection unit 600 is connected to the outer surface of the inner sealing unit 400. The inner leak detection unit 600 determines whether the medium has leaked to the outside of the inner sealing unit 400 by detecting whether the medium is present on the outer surface of the inner sealing unit 400. An outer leak detection unit 500 is connected to the outer surface of the outer sealing unit 300. The outer leak detection unit 500 determines whether the medium has leaked to the outside of the outer sealing unit 300 by detecting whether the medium is present on the outer surface of the outer sealing unit 300.

[0046] Specifically, if neither the internal leak detection unit 600 nor the external leak detection unit 500 detects any media leakage, it can be considered that no media leakage has occurred.

[0047] When the internal leak detection unit 600 detects a media leak, but the external leak detection unit 500 does not, it can be assumed that the media has leaked to the outside of the internal sealing part 400 (i.e., the position between the internal sealing part 400 and the external sealing part 300). Since the external sealing part 300 has good corrosion resistance, the equipment can continue to operate at this time without immediate shutdown for inspection and maintenance.

[0048] When both the internal leak detection section 600 and the external leak detection section 500 detect a medium leak, it can be assumed that the medium has leaked to the outside of the external sealing section 300 and is in contact with the carbon steel base layer 110. In this case, it is necessary to shut down the machine for inspection and maintenance.

[0049] In the pressure vessel of this embodiment, based on a two-layer sealing structure, the inner leak detection part 600 and the outer leak detection part 500 are used to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner sealing part 400 and the outer side of the outer sealing part 300, respectively. Once a medium leak occurs, the leak location can be accurately determined, making it easier to assess the leak risk. Under the premise of ensuring safety, the frequency of equipment downtime can be reduced and production efficiency can be improved.

[0050] See Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the outer sealing portion 300 may include an outer sealing sleeve 310 and a liner 320. The outer sealing sleeve 310 may include a first inner extension plate 312 and a first outer extension sleeve 314. The first inner extension plate 312 is disposed inside the housing 100 and is laid or embedded in the inner surface of the cladding 120 of the housing 100. The center of the first inner extension plate 312 has a first connecting hole 312a, which is opposite to the through hole 130. The first outer extension sleeve 314 is connected to the edge of the first connecting hole 312a and extends through the through hole 130 to the communicating space 210 of the connecting portion 200. The outer wall of the first outer extension sleeve 314 fits against the inner wall of the communicating space 210. The liner 320 is located in the communicating space 210 and fits against the inner wall of the communicating space 210, and the liner 320 is connected to the first outer extension sleeve 314.

[0051] The outer sealing sleeve 310 is made of the same material as the cladding layer 120, which can be titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite material. When manufacturing the outer sealing sleeve 310, the sheet metal can be wound into a cylindrical shape and then pressed using a special mold.

[0052] See Figure 6 When the inner diameter of the communicating space 210 of the connecting part 200 is large (i.e., when a large-diameter through hole 130 is applicable), the liner 320 can be formed into a cylindrical shape by winding a composite plate, with the seams connected by welding. After the liner 320 is welded, a covering layer 324 can be used to seal the weld of the liner 320. Specifically, the covering layer 324 is applied to the weld of the liner 320, and both sides of the covering layer 324 are welded to the inner wall of the liner 320. In addition, the covering layer 324 can also reinforce the liner 320, enabling the liner 320 to maintain strong mechanical strength even with a large size.

[0053] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 When the inner diameter of the connecting space 210 of the connecting part 200 is small (i.e., when a small diameter through hole 130 is applicable), the liner 320 can be directly made of a cylindrical seamless tube.

[0054] Since the first inner extension plate 312 of the outer sealing sleeve 310 is laid or embedded on the inner surface of the cladding layer 120 of the housing 100, and the outer sealing sleeve 310 is made of the same material as the cladding layer 120, the first inner extension plate 312 of the outer sealing sleeve 310 can be fixed to the cladding layer 120 by welding.

[0055] The first extension sleeve 314 of the outer sealing sleeve 310 extends into the communicating space 210, the liner 320 is located in the communicating space 210, and the first extension sleeve 314 and the liner 320 are made of the same material. Therefore, the first extension sleeve 314 and the liner 320 can be connected by welding.

[0056] When manufacturing a pressure vessel, the outer sealing sleeve 310 and the liner 320 can be pre-connected (that is, the first outer sleeve 314 is welded to the liner 320), and then inserted into the communicating space 210 of the connecting part 200 through the through hole 130 from the inside of the shell 100, and then the two ends are welded to complete the fixation.

[0057] In this embodiment, the first inner extension plate 312 is disposed inside the housing 100 and is laid or embedded in the inner surface of the cladding 120 of the housing 100. The first outer sleeve 314 is connected to the edge of the first connecting hole 312a and fits against the inner wall of the communicating space 210. The liner 320 is located in the communicating space 210 and fits against the inner wall of the communicating space 210, and the liner 320 is connected to the first outer sleeve 314. In this way, the first inner extension plate 312 can form an outer sealing structure at the connection between the connecting part 200 and the housing 100, and the liner 320 can form an outer sealing structure in the communicating space 210 of the connecting part 200.

[0058] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, the housing 100 has a first leak detection hole 140 extending from the outside inwards, and the inner end of the first leak detection hole 140 is connected to the outer surface of the outer sealing sleeve 310. The outer leak detection part 500 includes a first leak detection tube 510, which has a first leak detection end 512. The first leak detection end 512 is inserted into the first leak detection hole 140 and connected to the outer surface of the first inner extension plate 312 to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the outer sealing sleeve 310.

[0059] When creating the first leak detection hole 140, a drilling tool can be used to drill from the outside to the inside of the housing 100. During drilling, the base layer 110 and the cladding layer 120 of the housing 100 are drilled in sequence, so that the first leak detection hole 140 exposes the first inner extension plate 312 at the bottom of the hole.

[0060] The first leak detection tube 510 is inserted into the first leak detection hole 140 from the outside in, so that the first leak detection end 512 is submerged at the bottom of the first leak detection hole 140. This connects the first leak detection end 512 of the first leak detection tube 510 to the outside of the first inner extension plate 312. When medium appears on the outside of the first inner extension plate 312, the medium can enter the first leak detection tube 510 through the first leak detection end 512. The operator can identify whether there is medium in the first leak detection tube 510 by observation or with the help of a leak detection device, thereby determining whether there is medium on the outside of the first inner extension plate 312, and further determining whether the medium has leaked to the outside of the outer sealing part 300.

[0061] See Figure 3 In some embodiments, the connecting portion 200 has a second leak detection hole 220 extending from the outside inwards, and the inner end of the second leak detection hole 220 is connected to the outer surface of the liner 320. The external leak detection portion 500 includes a second leak detection tube 520, which has a second leak detection end 522. The second leak detection end 522 is inserted into the second leak detection hole 220 to connect with the outer surface of the liner 320 to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the liner 320.

[0062] When creating the second leak detection hole 220, a drilling tool can be used to drill from the outside to the inside of the connecting portion 200. Since the liner 320 is located in the communicating space 210 of the connecting portion 200 and is in contact with the inner wall of the communicating space 210, drilling through the wall thickness of the connecting portion 200 when drilling the second leak detection hole 220 will expose the outside of the liner 320 to the bottom of the second leak detection hole 220.

[0063] The second leak detection tube 520 is inserted into the second leak detection hole 220 from the outside in, so that the second leak detection end 522 is submerged at the bottom of the second leak detection hole 220. This connects the second leak detection end 522 of the second leak detection tube 520 to the outside of the liner 320. When medium appears on the outside of the liner 320, the medium can enter the second leak detection tube 520 through the second leak detection end 522. The operator can identify whether there is medium in the second leak detection tube 520 by observation or with the help of a leak detection device, thereby determining whether there is medium on the outside of the liner 320, and further determining whether the medium has leaked to the outside of the outer sealing part 300.

[0064] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the first leak detection tube 510 and the second leak detection tube 520 can be used selectively. During the design process, the first leak detection tube 510 can be used alone to test the sealing performance of the first inner extension plate 312, and the second leak detection tube 520 can be used alone to test the sealing performance of the liner 320, as needed.

[0065] In some embodiments, the outer leak detection section 500 may also include a first leak detection tube 510 and a second leak detection tube 520, so that the first leak detection tube 510 and the second leak detection tube 520 can respectively perform leak detection at the through hole 130 of the housing 100 and the liner 320 of the connecting section 200, thereby improving the reliability of the outer layer leak detection.

[0066] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the inner sealing portion 400 may include an inner sealing sleeve 410, which may include a second inner extension plate 412 and a second outer extension sleeve 414. The second inner extension plate 412 is disposed inside the housing 100 and laid on the inner surface of the first inner extension plate 312. The second inner extension plate 412 has a second connecting hole 412a opposite to the through hole 130. The second outer extension sleeve 414 is connected to the edge of the second connecting hole 412a and extends through the through hole 130 into the interior of the first outer extension sleeve 314. The outer wall of the second outer extension sleeve 414 fits against the inner wall of the first outer extension sleeve 314.

[0067] The inner sealing sleeve 410 is made of the same material as the cladding layer 120, which can be titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite material. When manufacturing the inner sealing sleeve 410, the composite plate can be rolled into a cylindrical shape and then pressed using a special mold.

[0068] Specifically, the first inner extension plate 312 can be embedded into the inner surface of the cladding layer 120, and the inner surface of the first inner extension plate 312 is flush with the inner surface of the cladding layer 120. The second inner extension plate 412 is laid on the inner surface of the first inner extension plate 312, and the outer edge of the second inner extension plate 412 can extend beyond the outer edge of the first inner extension plate 312. In this way, a portion of the second inner extension plate 412 can be laid on the inner surface of the cladding layer 120, and a portion can be laid on the inner surface of the first inner extension plate 312. This facilitates the welding connection between the outer edge of the second inner extension plate 412 and the cladding layer 120, and also allows the second inner extension plate 412 to completely cover the first inner extension plate 312, thereby improving the sealing effect of the second inner extension plate 412.

[0069] The second inner extension plate 412 has a second connecting hole 412a at its center. The size and shape of the second connecting hole 412a are adapted to the through hole 130 and are directly opposite to the through hole 130. The second outer sleeve 414 is sleeve-shaped and is connected to the edge of the second connecting hole 412a. It extends through the through hole 130 to the communicating space 210 of the connecting part 200 and extends into the interior of the first outer sleeve 314. The outer wall of the second outer sleeve 414 fits against the inner wall of the first outer sleeve 314. Specifically, the second outer sleeve 414 can also be embedded in the inner surface of the inner wall of the first outer sleeve 314, thus making the inner wall of the first outer sleeve 314 smoother.

[0070] In this embodiment, since the inner sealing sleeve 410 is integrally disposed within the inner layer of the outer sealing sleeve 310, the inner sealing sleeve 410 can be used as part of the inner layer sealing structure.

[0071] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, the housing 100 has a third leak detection hole 150 extending from the outside to the inside, and the inner end of the third leak detection hole 150 is connected to the outer surface of the second inner extension plate 412.

[0072] The internal leak detection section 600 may include a third leak detection tube 610, which has a third leak detection end 612. The third leak detection end 612 is inserted into the third leak detection hole 150 to connect with the outer surface of the second inner extension plate 412 to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner sealing sleeve 410.

[0073] The third leak detection hole 150 can be formed by drilling from the outside to the inside of the housing 100 using a drilling tool. During drilling, the base layer 110 and the cladding layer 120 of the housing 100 are drilled, so that the outer side of the second inner extension plate 412 is exposed to the bottom of the third leak detection hole 150.

[0074] The third leak detection tube 610 is inserted into the third leak detection hole 150 from the outside in, so that the third leak detection end 612 is submerged at the bottom of the third leak detection hole 150. This connects the third leak detection end 612 of the third leak detection tube 610 to the outside of the second inner extension plate 412. When medium appears on the outside of the second inner extension plate 412, the medium can enter the third leak detection tube 610 through the third leak detection end 612. The operator can identify whether there is medium in the third leak detection tube 610 by observation or with the help of a leak detection device, thereby determining whether there is medium on the outside of the second inner extension plate 412, and further determining whether the medium has leaked to the outside of the inner sealing part 400.

[0075] See Figure 3 In some embodiments, the inner sealing portion 400 may further include an inner bushing 420, which is located inside the liner tube 320 and the outer wall of the inner bushing 420 is in contact with the inner wall of the liner tube 320.

[0076] The inner sealing sleeve 410 is made of the same material as the cladding layer 120, which can be titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite material. The inner liner 420 is cylindrical in shape and can be embedded into the inner surface of the liner tube 320, so that the outer wall of the inner liner 420 fits against the inner wall of the liner tube 320, and the inner wall of the liner tube 320 tends to be smooth.

[0077] In this embodiment, since the inner sealing sleeve 410 is integrally disposed in the inner layer of the liner 320, the inner liner 420 can be used as part of the inner sealing structure.

[0078] See Figure 3In some embodiments, the connecting portion 200 has a fourth leak detection hole 230, and the liner 320 has a fifth leak detection hole 322 opposite to the fourth leak detection hole 230, with the inner end of the fifth leak detection hole 322 connected to the outer surface of the inner liner 420. The inner leak detection portion 600 includes a fourth leak detection tube 620, which has a fourth leak detection end 622. The fourth leak detection end 622 is inserted into the fourth leak detection hole 230 and the fifth leak detection hole 322 to connect with the outer surface of the inner liner 420 to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner sealing sleeve 410.

[0079] When creating the fourth leak detection hole 230 and the fifth leak detection hole 322, a drilling tool can be used to drill from the outside to the inside of the connecting part 200. During drilling, the connecting part 200 and the liner 320 are drilled sequentially, so that the fourth leak detection hole 230 and the fifth leak detection hole 322 are directly opposite each other, and the outside of the inner liner 420 is exposed to the bottom of the fifth leak detection hole 322.

[0080] The fourth leak detection tube 620 is inserted from the outside into the fourth leak detection hole 230 and the fifth leak detection hole 322, so that the fourth leak detection end 622 is submerged at the bottom of the fifth leak detection hole 322. This connects the fourth leak detection end 622 of the fourth leak detection tube 620 to the outside of the inner liner 420. When medium appears on the outside of the inner liner 420, the medium can enter the fourth leak detection tube 620 through the fourth leak detection end 622. The operator can identify whether there is medium in the fourth leak detection tube 620 by observation or with the help of a leak detection device, thereby determining whether there is medium on the outside of the inner liner 420, and further determining whether the medium has leaked to the outside of the inner sealing part 400.

[0081] It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, either the third leak detection tube 610 or the fourth leak detection tube 620 can be used. During design, the third leak detection tube 610 can be used alone to test the sealing performance of the second inner extension plate 412, and the fourth leak detection tube 620 can be used alone to test the sealing performance of the inner bushing 420, as needed.

[0082] In some embodiments, the external leak detection section 500 may also include a third leak detection tube 610 and a fourth leak detection tube 620, so that the third leak detection tube 610 and the fourth leak detection tube 620 can respectively perform leak detection on the outer side of the second inner extension plate 412 and the outer side of the inner bushing 420, thereby improving the reliability of the inner layer leak detection.

[0083] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the pressure vessel may further include a liner 700, which is fixed to the end of the connection 200 away from the housing 100. The end of the liner 320 away from the outer sealing sleeve 310 is welded to the liner 700. The end of the inner liner 420 away from the housing 100 is welded to the liner 700.

[0084] The liner 700 is made of the same material as the cladding 120, specifically titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite. A gasket 710 is provided inside the liner 700. The liner 700 can be welded to the end opposite to the housing 100, and at least a portion of the liner 700 is located inside the communicating space 210.

[0085] Since the liner 320 is in contact with the inner wall of the communicating space 210, when the liner 320 extends to the end of the communicating space 210 away from the housing 100, the end of the liner 320 away from the outer sealing sleeve 310 can abut against the liner ring 700. The two are made of the same material and can be fixedly connected by welding.

[0086] Since the outer wall of the inner liner 420 fits against the inner wall of the liner 320, and the inner liner 420 can be embedded into the inner wall of the liner 320, when the end of the inner liner 420 away from the housing 100 extends to the end of the communicating space 210 away from the housing 100, the inner liner 420 can abut against the liner ring 700. The two are made of the same material and can be fixedly connected by welding.

[0087] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the pressure vessel may also include a protruding ring portion 800, which protrudes from the outer wall of the connecting portion 200.

[0088] In some specific embodiments, the connecting portion 200 and the raised ring portion 800 may constitute a forged flange. The material of the forged flange is the same as that of the base layer 110, and both may be made of carbon steel.

[0089] In some alternative embodiments, the external leak detection part 500 includes a second leak detection tube 520, which passes through the protruding ring part 800 and the connecting part 200 and is connected to the outer surface of the liner 320 to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the liner 320.

[0090] In some of the aforementioned embodiments, the connecting portion 200 has a second leak detection hole 220 extending from the outside to the inside, and the inner end of the second leak detection hole 220 is connected to the outer surface of the liner 320. The second leak detection tube 520 has a second leak detection end 522, which is inserted into the second leak detection hole 220 to connect with the outer surface of the liner 320 to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the liner 320.

[0091] Based on this, a sixth leak detection hole 810 opposite to the second leak detection hole 220 can also be opened on the convex ring portion 800 of this embodiment. The second leak detection tube 520 can be inserted into the sixth leak detection hole 810 and the second leak detection hole 220 from the outside to the inside, so that the second leak detection end 522 sinks into the bottom of the second leak detection hole 220. This makes the second leak detection end 522 of the second leak detection tube 520 connected to the outside of the liner tube 320, that is, the second leak detection end 522 of the second leak detection tube 520 is connected to the outer surface of the outer sealing sleeve 310.

[0092] In this embodiment, since the second leak detection tube 520 has an added connection with the convex ring portion 800, and the convex ring portion 800 and the connecting portion 200 are integrally formed, the stability between the second leak detection tube 520 and the connecting portion 200 is improved.

[0093] In some alternative embodiments, the inner leak detection section 600 includes a fourth leak detection tube 620, which passes through the protruding ring section 800, the connecting section 200 and the liner 320, and is connected to the outer surface of the inner liner 420 to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner liner 420.

[0094] In some of the aforementioned embodiments, the connecting portion 200 has a fourth leak detection hole 230, and the liner 320 has a fifth leak detection hole 322 opposite to the fourth leak detection hole 230, with the inner end of the fifth leak detection hole 322 connected to the outer surface of the inner liner 420. The fourth leak detection tube 620 has a fourth leak detection end 622, which is inserted into the fourth leak detection hole 230 and the fifth leak detection hole 322 to connect with the outer surface of the inner liner 420, thereby detecting the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner sealing sleeve 410.

[0095] Based on this, a seventh leak detection hole 820 opposite to the fourth leak detection hole 230 can also be opened on the convex ring portion 800 of this embodiment. The fourth leak detection tube 620 can be inserted into the seventh leak detection hole 820, the fourth leak detection hole 230 and the fifth leak detection hole 322 in sequence from the outside to the inside, so that the fourth leak detection end 622 sinks into the bottom of the fifth leak detection hole 322. In this way, the fourth leak detection end 622 of the fourth leak detection tube 620 is connected to the outside of the liner tube 320, that is, the fourth leak detection end 622 of the fourth leak detection tube 620 is connected to the outer surface of the outer sealing sleeve 310.

[0096] In this embodiment, since the fourth leak detection tube 620 has an added connection with the convex ring portion 800, and the convex ring portion 800 and the connecting portion 200 are integrally formed, the stability between the fourth leak detection tube 620 and the connecting portion 200 is improved.

[0097] See Figures 1 to 5 The following describes the manufacturing process of a pressure vessel according to an embodiment of this application:

[0098] The housing 100 is fabricated. The housing 100 is welded together from multiple segments of composite plates wound into a cylindrical shape. The composite plate includes a base layer 110 and a cladding layer 120 stacked from the inside out. The base layer 110 can be made of carbon steel, and the cladding layer 120 can be made of titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite material. During welding, the base layers 110 are connected by welding, and the cladding layers 120 of the composite plate are connected by transition welding. After the housing 100 is fabricated as a whole, through holes 130 are formed in the housing 100. The size of the through holes 130 can be selected according to the actual situation.

[0099] The connecting part 200 is installed. The material of the connecting part 200 is the same as that of the base layer 110, both being carbon steel. One end of the connecting part 200 is inserted into the through hole 130 of the housing 100, and the outer wall of the connecting part 200 is welded to the base layer 110 exposed by the through hole 130. Specifically, the connecting part 200 and the base layer 110 at the through hole 130 are connected by a weld point a (e.g., ...). Figure 1 (As shown) Welding.

[0100] Fabricate and install the outer sealing part 300. The outer sealing part 300 includes an outer sealing sleeve 310 and a liner 320. The outer sealing sleeve 310, the liner 320, and the cladding layer 120 are made of the same material, specifically titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite material. The first extension sleeve 314 of the outer sealing sleeve 310 is connected to the liner 320 by a weld point b (e.g., ...). Figure 2 (As shown) Welding is performed to complete the pre-connection. Then, the integral formed by the two is inserted into the communicating space 210 of the connecting part 200 through the through hole 130 from the inside of the housing 100, such that: the first inner extension plate 312 is embedded in the preset groove of the cladding layer 120, and the liner 320 is attached to the inner wall of the communicating space 210. The outer edge of the first inner extension plate 312 is connected to the cladding layer 120 by a weld point c (as shown). Figure 2 (As shown) Welding.

[0101] Install the inner sealing part 400. The inner sealing part 400 includes an inner sealing sleeve 410 and an inner bushing 420. The inner sealing sleeve 410, the inner bushing 420 and the cladding 120 are made of the same material, specifically titanium, zirconium or zirconium / titanium composite material. The inner sealing sleeve 410 is inserted into the outer sealing sleeve 310 through the through hole 130 from the inside of the housing 100, such that: the second inner extension plate 412 completely covers the inner surface of the first inner extension plate 312, and the second outer extension sleeve 414 is embedded in a preset groove on the outer wall of the bushing 320. The outer edge of the second inner extension plate 412 is welded to the cladding 120 by a weld point d (e.g., Figure 2 (As shown) Welding, the second outer sleeve 414 and the liner 320 are connected by weld point e (as shown) Figure 2 (As shown) Welding. The inner bushing 420 is inserted into the communicating space 210 and embedded in a pre-set groove on the outer wall of the liner 320. The end of the inner bushing 420 near the housing 100 is welded to the liner 320 through a weld point f (as shown). Figure 3 (As shown) Welding.

[0102] The bushing 700 is installed along with the fixing sleeve 320 and inner bushing 420. The bushing 700 is made of the same material as the cladding 120, specifically titanium, zirconium, or a zirconium / titanium composite material. The bushing 700 is annular, with a gasket 710 inside. The bushing 700 is located at the end of the connecting part 200 away from the housing 100, and is connected to the connecting part 200 by a weld point g (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (As shown) Welding. The end of the liner 320 away from the outer sealing sleeve 310 is welded to the liner ring 700 through weld point h (as shown). Figure 3 (As shown) Welding. The end of the inner bushing 420 facing away from the housing 100 is welded to the bushing 700 through weld point i (as shown). Figure 3 (As shown) Welding.

[0103] Install the first leak detection tube 510. Drill through the base layer 110 and the cladding layer 120 of the housing 100 using a drilling tool to form a first leak detection hole 140. Insert the first leak detection tube 510 into the first leak detection hole 140 from the outside in, so that the first leak detection end 512 is sunk to the bottom of the first leak detection hole 140. The first leak detection tube 510 and the cladding layer 120 are connected by a weld point j (e.g., ...). Figure 2 (As shown) Welding.

[0104] Install the second leak detection tube 520. Drill the protruding ring portion 800 and the connecting portion 200 using a drilling tool to form the sixth leak detection hole 810 and the second leak detection hole 220. Insert the second leak detection tube 520 sequentially into the sixth leak detection hole 810, 820, and the second leak detection hole 220, so that the second leak detection end 522 of the second leak detection tube 520 is sunk to the bottom of the second leak detection hole 220.

[0105] Install the third leak detection tube 610. Drill through the housing 100 and the first inner extension plate 312 using a drilling tool to form a third leak detection hole 150, exposing the outer wall of the second inner extension plate 412 to the bottom of the third leak detection hole 150. Insert the third leak detection tube 610 sequentially into the third leak detection hole 150, ensuring that the third leak detection end 612 of the third leak detection tube 610 is submerged to the bottom of the third leak detection hole 150. The third leak detection tube 610 and the liner 320 are connected by a weld point k (e.g., ...). Figure 2 (As shown) Welding.

[0106] Install the fourth leak detection tube 620. Using a drilling tool, drill the convex ring 800, connecting part 200, and liner 320 to sequentially form the seventh leak detection hole 820, the fourth leak detection hole 230, and the fifth leak detection hole 322. Insert the fourth leak detection tube 620 sequentially into the seventh leak detection hole 820, the fourth leak detection hole 230, and the fifth leak detection hole 322, so that the fourth leak detection end 622 of the fourth leak detection tube 620 is sunk to the bottom of the fifth leak detection hole 322. The fourth leak detection tube 620 and the liner 320 are connected by a weld point l (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (As shown) Welding.

[0107] It should be noted that the order of some steps in the above installation process can be adjusted. In other words, the pressure vessel does not need to be manufactured strictly according to the above steps.

[0108] The sealing principle and leak detection principle of a pressure vessel according to an embodiment of this application are described below.

[0109] The pressure vessel of this application has a shell 100 including a base layer 110 and a cladding layer 120 stacked from the outside to the inside in the thickness direction. A connecting part 200 is inserted into a through hole 130 of the shell 100 and fixedly connected to the base layer 110. An outer sealing part 300 extends to the through hole 130, conforming to the cladding layer 120, and extends to the inner wall of the communicating space 210 through the through hole 130. An inner sealing part 400 is disposed on the inner surface of the outer sealing part 300. In this way, the inner sealing part 400 and the outer sealing part 300 form a double-layer sealing structure at the shell 100 and the forged flange, thereby improving the sealing performance of the pressure vessel.

[0110] Furthermore, since the outer leak detection part 500 is connected to the outer surface of the outer sealing part 300, and the inner leak detection part 600 is connected to the outer surface of the inner sealing part 400, the inner leak detection part 600 and the outer leak detection part 500 are used to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner sealing part 400 and the outer side of the outer sealing part 300, respectively. Once a leak occurs, the leak location can be accurately determined, which is convenient for assessing safety risks. Under the premise of ensuring safety, the frequency of downtime can be reduced and production efficiency can be improved.

[0111] When the external leak detection unit 500 detects that the medium stored in the housing 100 has leaked between the inner sealing part 400 and the outer sealing part 300, the medium will not leak onto the base layer 110 steel, thus preventing the base layer 110 steel from rapidly corroding and failing. The outer sealing part 300 has good corrosion resistance. Therefore, when the medium stored in the housing 100 leaks between the inner sealing part 400 and the outer sealing part 300, the equipment can continue to operate without the need for immediate shutdown for inspection and maintenance.

[0112] When the internal leak detection unit 600 detects that the medium stored in the housing 100 has leaked to the outside of the outer sealing part 300, the outer sealing part 300 has good corrosion resistance. When the medium leaks to the position between the inner sealing part 400 and the outer sealing part 300, it is necessary to stop the operation for inspection and maintenance.

[0113] This application also provides a method for using a pressure vessel, which can be any of the pressure vessels described in the foregoing embodiments. The method for using the pressure vessel includes: continuing to operate the pressure vessel when the internal leak detection unit 400 detects a leak but the external leak detection unit 300 does not detect a leak; and shutting down the pressure vessel when both the internal leak detection unit 400 and the external leak detection unit 300 detect a leak.

[0114] In this embodiment, the pressure vessel has a double-layer sealing structure (the specific structure is not described in detail here), and is equipped with an external leak detection part 500 for detecting the sealing performance of the inner sealing part 400 and an internal leak detection part 600 for detecting the sealing performance of the outer sealing part 300. This allows for accurate determination of the leak location. Specifically, when the internal leak detection part 600 detects a leak, but the external leak detection part 500 does not, it can be assumed that only the inner sealing part 400 is leaking, while the outer sealing part 300 remains intact. In this case, the medium will not leak onto the base layer 100, preventing rapid corrosion and failure of the base layer 100. The pressure vessel can continue to operate without immediate shutdown for leak inspection and repair. When both the internal leak detection part 600 and the external leak detection part 500 detect leaks simultaneously, it can be assumed that both the inner sealing part 400 and the outer sealing part 300 are leaking. Only then is it necessary to urgently shut down the pressure vessel and put it back into operation after inspection and repair.

[0115] Therefore, the method of using the pressure vessel in this embodiment can accurately pinpoint the location of the leak when a medium leak occurs, making it easier to assess safety risks, reduce downtime frequency, and improve production efficiency while ensuring safety.

[0116] It should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., mentioned in the specification indicate that the described embodiment may include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments, whether explicitly described or not, is within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art.

[0117] Generally speaking, terms should be understood at least in part by their use in context. For example, at least in part by context, the term "one or more" as used in the text can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic of the singular meaning, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics of the plural meaning. Similarly, at least in part by context, terms such as "a" or "the" can also be understood to convey either singular or plural usage.

[0118] It should be readily understood that the terms “on,” “above,” and “on top of” in this application should be interpreted in the broadest possible sense, such that “on” means not only “directly on something” but also “on something” with an intermediate feature or layer therebetween, and that “above” or “on top of” means not only “on something” but also “on something” without an intermediate feature or layer therebetween (i.e., directly on something).

[0119] Furthermore, for ease of explanation, spatially relative terms such as "below," "below," "under," "above," and "above" may be used to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to other elements or features as shown in the figures. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of devices in use or operation other than those shown in the figures. Devices may have other orientations, and the spatially relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0120] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A pressure vessel, characterized in that, include: A housing comprising a base layer and a cladding layer stacked from the outside to the inside in the thickness direction, the housing having a through hole extending through the thickness direction; The connecting part has a communicating space that opens to both ends. The connecting part is disposed outside the housing and is inserted into the through hole and connected to the base layer so that the through hole communicates with the communicating space. An outer sealing portion extends along the cladding to the through hole and extends along the inner wall of the communicating space through the through hole; An inner sealing portion is disposed on the inner surface of the outer sealing portion; An external leak detection section is used to detect the sealing performance of the external sealing section. An internal leak detection section is used to detect the sealing performance of the internal sealing section.

2. The pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer sealing part includes: An outer sealing sleeve, the outer sealing sleeve including a first inner extension plate and a first outer extension sleeve, the first inner extension plate being disposed inside the housing and laid or embedded in the inner surface of the composite layer, the first inner extension plate having a first connecting hole opposite to the through hole, the first outer extension sleeve being connected to the edge of the first connecting hole and extending through the through hole to the communicating space, the outer wall of the first outer extension sleeve being in contact with the inner wall of the communicating space; A liner is located in the communicating space and is fitted against the inner wall of the communicating space, and the liner is connected to the first outer sleeve.

3. The pressure vessel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The housing has a first leak detection hole from the outside to the inside, and the inner end of the first leak detection hole is connected to the outer surface of the first inner extension plate; the outer leak detection part includes a first leak detection tube, the first leak detection tube has a first leak detection end, the first leak detection end is inserted into the first leak detection hole and connected to the outer surface of the first inner extension plate to detect the sealing performance of the outer sealing sleeve. And / or, The connecting part has a second leak detection hole from the outside to the inside, and the inner end of the second leak detection hole is connected to the outer surface of the liner; the outer leak detection part includes a second leak detection tube, the second leak detection tube has a second leak detection end, the second leak detection end is inserted into the second leak detection hole to connect with the outer surface of the liner to detect the sealing performance of the liner.

4. The pressure vessel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner sealing portion includes: The inner sealing sleeve includes a second inner extension plate and a second outer extension sleeve. The second inner extension plate is disposed inside the housing and laid on the inner surface of the first inner extension plate. The second inner extension plate has a second connecting hole opposite to the through hole. The second outer extension sleeve is connected to the edge of the second connecting hole and extends into the interior of the first outer extension sleeve through the through hole. The outer wall of the second outer extension sleeve is in contact with the inner wall of the first outer extension sleeve.

5. The pressure vessel according to claim 4, characterized in that, The shell has a third leak detection hole from the outside to the inside, and the inner end of the third leak detection hole is connected to the outer surface of the second inner extension plate. The internal leak detection section includes a third leak detection tube with a third leak detection end. The third leak detection end is inserted into the third leak detection hole to connect with the outer surface of the second inner extension plate to detect the sealing performance of the inner sealing sleeve.

6. The pressure vessel according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The inner sealing portion includes: The inner liner is located inside the liner tube, and the outer wall of the inner liner is in contact with the inner wall of the liner tube.

7. The pressure vessel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connecting part is provided with a fourth leak detection hole, and the liner is provided with a fifth leak detection hole opposite to the fourth leak detection hole, and the inner end of the fifth leak detection hole is connected to the outer surface of the inner liner. The inner leak detection section includes a fourth leak detection tube with a fourth leak detection end. The fourth leak detection end is inserted into the fourth leak detection hole and the fifth leak detection hole to connect with the outer surface of the inner liner to detect the sealing performance of the inner sealing sleeve.

8. The pressure vessel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pressure vessel also includes: A bushing, the bushing being fixed to the end of the connecting portion away from the housing; The end of the liner that faces away from the outer sealing sleeve is fixedly connected to the liner ring; The end of the inner liner that faces away from the housing is fixedly connected to the bushing.

9. The pressure vessel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pressure vessel also includes: A protruding ring portion, which protrudes from the outer wall of the connecting portion; The external leak detection section includes a second leak detection tube, which passes through the convex ring and the connecting portion, and is connected to the outer surface of the liner to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the liner; and / or, The inner leak detection section includes a fourth leak detection tube, which passes through the convex ring, the connecting part, and the liner, and is connected to the outer surface of the inner liner to detect the sealing performance of the outer side of the inner liner.

10. A method of using a pressure vessel, characterized in that, The pressure vessel is the pressure vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 9; the method of use includes: If a leak is detected by the internal leak detection section but no leak is detected by the external leak detection section, the pressure vessel continues to operate. If both the internal leak detection section and the external leak detection section detect a leak, the pressure vessel shall be shut down.

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