Large-angle inclined steel column self-balancing construction method based on BIM

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of construction methods, in particular to a large-angle inclined steel column self-balancing construction method based on BIM; the method comprises the following steps: a database containing steel column parameters, environment parameters and construction parameters is constructed through a BIM model; temperature change values in a construction process, instantaneous wind speed, real-time stress of the steel column and the weight of a hoisting section are collected in real time; a moment deviation calculation model under the coupling action of temperature and wind force is established based on the database and the real-time collection data; a dynamic adjustment amount of a hoisting point is deduced according to the deviation value output by the model; real-time counterweight compensation is calculated by combining the hoisting point adjustment amount and the stress accumulation effect of previous construction; the hoisting posture of the steel column is dynamically regulated according to the counterweight compensation, and self-balancing control in the construction process is realized; and the application can solve the problem that a traditional static method cannot adapt to dynamic stress changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction method technology, and in particular to a BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns. Background Technology

[0002] In modern construction engineering, steeply inclined steel columns are widely used in complex architectural structures due to their unique mechanical properties and aesthetic advantages. During construction, the stress state of these steel columns dynamically changes with environmental variations and the construction process. In particular, the coupling effect of thermal expansion and contraction caused by temperature fluctuations and lateral loads generated by wind significantly affects the self-equilibrium state of the steel column. Current construction techniques largely rely on static mechanical calculations to pre-determine self-balancing schemes, considering only fixed parameters such as the column's self-weight, without incorporating dynamic environmental factors such as real-time temperature changes and instantaneous wind speeds, or considering parameters such as residual stress accumulated during construction. This leads to unforeseen torque deviations caused by the coupling effect of temperature and wind during actual construction. These deviations accumulate as the hoisting process progresses, not only reducing the installation accuracy of the steel column but also potentially causing temporary instability and other safety risks, making it difficult to meet the construction quality and safety requirements for steeply inclined steel columns in complex environments.

[0003] Based on the above problems, there is an urgent need for a self-balancing construction technology that can dynamically integrate environmental parameters and construction parameters and accurately respond to coupling effects, so as to solve the problem that traditional static methods cannot adapt to dynamic stress changes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and propose a BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1: Construct a database containing steel column parameters, environmental parameters, and construction parameters through a BIM model, and collect temperature changes, instantaneous wind speed, real-time stress of steel columns, and weight of hoisting sections in real time during the construction process;

[0006] S2: Based on the database and real-time collected data, establish a torque deviation calculation model under the coupling effect of temperature and wind, and derive the dynamic adjustment amount of the lifting point based on the deviation value output by the model;

[0007] S3: Calculate the real-time counterweight compensation amount by combining the aforementioned lifting point adjustment amount and the stress accumulation effect of the preceding construction.

[0008] S4: The steel column hoisting posture is dynamically adjusted according to the counterweight compensation amount to achieve self-balancing control during construction.

[0009] Preferably, the BIM model includes a steel column detailed design module, a construction simulation module, and a parameter monitoring module. The detailed design module stores the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, coefficient of linear expansion, moment of inertia, and design tilt angle parameters of the steel column. The construction simulation module simulates the hoisting path under different working conditions. The parameter monitoring module is communicatively connected to temperature sensors, wind speed sensors, and stress sensors deployed on the construction site to receive and store real-time monitoring data.

[0010] Further preferably, the real-time collected environmental parameters include the difference between the ambient temperature and the surface temperature of the steel column, the instantaneous wind speed and direction in the horizontal direction, the construction parameters include the length and weight of the current hoisting section, the residual stress of the installed section and the hoisting duration, and the steel column parameters include the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, coefficient of linear expansion, section modulus and design inclination angle of the steel column material.

[0011] More preferably, the step of dynamically adjusting the hoisting posture of the steel column specifically includes:

[0012] S31: The hydraulic device that drives the adjustable lifting device according to the dynamic adjustment of the lifting point changes the connection position between the lifting rope and the steel column;

[0013] S32: The displacement of the movable counterweight block set at the steel column segment is controlled according to the counterweight compensation amount. The movable counterweight block is connected to the steel column through a slide rail. The displacement accuracy of the movable counterweight block is controlled by a servo motor. The movement of the adjustable lifting device and the movable counterweight block is linked through a PLC controller.

[0014] More preferably, the torque deviation calculation model under the coupled effects of temperature and wind satisfies the following formula:

[0015] ;

[0016] in, The torque deviation caused by the coupling effect; The elastic modulus of the steel column; The cross-sectional area of ​​the steel column; The coefficient of linear expansion of the steel column material; This refers to the real-time temperature difference, which is the difference between the surface temperature of the steel column and the ambient reference temperature. This represents the current length of the hoisting section; Design the inclination angle for the steel column; For air density, take 1.225 kg / m³; This is the wind load shape coefficient, which is taken as 1.3 for inclined steel columns; This refers to the instantaneous wind speed.

[0017] More preferably, the dynamic adjustment amount of the lifting point satisfies the following formula:

[0018] ;

[0019] in, This refers to the vertical adjustment amount of the lifting point; For safety, we take a factor of 1.2; This represents the weight of the current hoisting section. This represents the residual stress in the previous section of the steel column; Let be the moment of inertia of the steel column section.

[0020] More preferably, the real-time counterweight compensation amount satisfies the following formula:

[0021] ;

[0022] in, For counterweight mass; This is the distance from the counterweight suspension point to the top of the column; The acceleration due to gravity is taken as 9.81 m / s². The time decay coefficient is set to 0.02 / h. This refers to the duration of the hoisting operation.

[0023] Further preferably, the parameter monitoring module also includes a data calibration unit for correcting the output data of the temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, and stress sensor. The correction coefficient of the temperature sensor is dynamically adjusted according to the thermal conductivity of the coating on the surface of the steel column. The correction coefficient of the wind speed sensor is calculated based on the difference between the sensor installation height and the top height of the steel column. The correction coefficient of the stress sensor is compensated based on the strain gradient at its installation location.

[0024] More preferably, after receiving the lifting point adjustment amount and counterweight compensation amount output by the BIM model, the PLC controller generates a pulse control signal to drive the servo motor. The frequency of the lifting point adjustment pulse signal is positively correlated with the current wind speed, the duty cycle of the counterweight displacement pulse signal is positively correlated with the weight of the lifting section, and when the absolute value of the real-time monitored torque deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the PLC controller outputs an alarm signal and suspends the lifting action.

[0025] A further preferred option includes a self-balancing verification step after construction is completed:

[0026] Based on the BIM model, the torque deviation, lifting point adjustment amount, and counterweight compensation amount of the entire construction process are traced back. The deviation value between the final installation posture of the steel column and the design posture is calculated. When the deviation value meets the requirements of axis positioning deviation ≤ 3.0mm, verticality deviation ≤ 10mm, and column top elevation deviation ≤ 5mm on the same floor, the self-balancing construction is deemed qualified. Otherwise, the model parameters are adjusted based on the deviation value for subsequent construction optimization of similar steel columns.

[0027] Technical effects:

[0028] This invention constructs a database containing steel columns, environmental, and construction parameters using a BIM model. It collects real-time data on temperature changes, instantaneous wind speed, steel column stress, and the weight of the hoisting section. A temperature- and wind-force coupled torque deviation model is established, and the adjustment amount of the hoisting point and the counterweight compensation amount are derived by combining the accumulated stress from the preceding period, dynamically controlling the hoisting posture. Its innovation lies in breaking through the limitations of traditional static calculations, achieving precise handling of dynamic parameter integration and coupling effects. It solves the problems of torque deviation accumulation, insufficient installation accuracy, and safety risks caused by the failure to consider the cumulative effects of the dynamic environment and construction in the prior art, ensuring the stability and accuracy of large-angle inclined steel column construction. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns in this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the BIM model for this application;

[0031] Figure 3 For this application Figure 1 Detailed flowchart of step S4. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0033] Traditional technical solutions fail to effectively integrate BIM technology with real-time environmental and construction parameters in the construction of inclined steel columns at large angles. They rely solely on static calculations to achieve self-balancing, which makes it impossible to cope with the dynamic coupling effects of temperature changes and wind force. This can easily lead to the accumulation of torque deviations, resulting in insufficient installation accuracy and increased safety risks. Furthermore, the disconnect between parameter acquisition and model analysis during construction makes it difficult to achieve dynamic control.

[0034] Based on this, please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns, including the following steps:

[0035] S1: Construct a database containing steel column parameters, environmental parameters, and construction parameters through a BIM model, and collect temperature changes, instantaneous wind speed, real-time stress of steel columns, and weight of hoisting sections in real time during the construction process;

[0036] S2: Based on the database and real-time collected data, establish a torque deviation calculation model under the coupling effect of temperature and wind, and derive the dynamic adjustment amount of the lifting point based on the deviation value output by the model;

[0037] S3: Calculate the real-time counterweight compensation amount by combining the aforementioned lifting point adjustment amount and the stress accumulation effect of the preceding construction.

[0038] S4: The steel column hoisting posture is dynamically adjusted according to the counterweight compensation amount to achieve self-balancing control during construction.

[0039] This solution overcomes the limitations of traditional static construction methods by deeply integrating BIM models with real-time data, constructing a complete closed loop from parameter acquisition and model analysis to dynamic control. By establishing a coupled temperature and wind force model, environmental factors and construction parameters are incorporated into a unified calculation system, solving the deviation problem caused by single-factor analysis. Combined with the calculation of counterweight compensation based on the cumulative pre-stress, continuous control of the construction process is achieved, avoiding the accumulation of errors in segmented construction. Its technical effects are reflected in its ability to respond in real time to environmental changes and construction status, dynamically adjust the posture of steel columns, ensure the stability of the self-balancing system, improve installation accuracy and construction safety, and provide a systematic solution for the construction of large-angle inclined steel columns in complex environments.

[0040] In traditional technical solutions, the application of BIM models in the construction of inclined steel columns is mostly limited to static design and simulation. It lacks modular functional division for the entire construction process, resulting in poor interaction between the model and on-site data, difficulty in matching parameter monitoring with design parameters, and inability to provide accurate guidance for dynamic construction. Furthermore, the data collected by sensors is not specifically processed and is prone to errors when directly used for model analysis.

[0041] Based on this, please refer to Figure 2 The BIM model includes a steel column detailed design module, a construction simulation module, and a parameter monitoring module. The detailed design module stores the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, coefficient of linear expansion, moment of inertia, and design tilt angle parameters of the steel column. The construction simulation module simulates the hoisting path under different working conditions. The parameter monitoring module communicates with temperature sensors, wind speed sensors, and stress sensors deployed on the construction site to receive and store real-time monitoring data.

[0042] This solution addresses the problems of mixed functions and inefficient data flow in traditional BIM applications by modularizing and subdividing the BIM model, clearly defining the functional boundaries and data interaction logic of each module. The detailed design module accurately stores the physical parameters of steel columns, providing basic data for calculations; the construction simulation module rehearses the working conditions in advance to avoid potential conflicts; and the parameter monitoring module directly connects to on-site sensors to ensure the effective collection and storage of real-time data.

[0043] Its technical effect lies in enabling the BIM model to empower the entire process from design to construction. The collaborative work of each module allows the model to provide accurate design parameters and receive on-site data in real time, providing reliable data support for dynamic calculation and control, enhancing the practical value of BIM technology in the construction process, and ensuring that the model analysis results are highly consistent with the actual site conditions.

[0044] Traditional technical solutions often focus only on basic parameters such as the weight of the steel column itself and the hoisting height when collecting construction parameters, ignoring the details of environmental factors and construction process parameters, such as the specific definition of temperature difference, the directional characteristics of wind speed, and the cumulative effect of residual stress. This results in incomplete parameter dimensions and insufficient accuracy, failing to provide comprehensive data for self-balancing calculations, and thus affecting the accuracy of adjustment strategies.

[0045] Based on this, the real-time collected environmental parameters include the difference between the ambient temperature and the surface temperature of the steel column, the instantaneous wind speed and direction in the horizontal direction, the construction parameters include the length and weight of the current hoisting section, the residual stress of the installed section and the hoisting duration, and the steel column parameters include the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, coefficient of linear expansion, section modulus and design inclination angle of the steel column material.

[0046] This solution constructs a multi-dimensional, high-precision parameter acquisition system by refining parameter classification and specific definitions, solving the problems of generalized parameter acquisition and missing key information in traditional methods. Environmental parameters explicitly define temperature difference as the difference between the steel column surface and the ambient reference temperature, capturing the steel column's own thermal deformation characteristics; the acquisition of horizontal wind speed and direction more accurately reflects the lateral effect of wind on the steel column; construction parameters incorporate residual stress and hoisting time, considering the cumulative effect of the construction process; and steel column parameters cover material and structural properties, providing a foundation for mechanical calculations.

[0047] Its technical effect is to ensure that the parameters used for self-balancing calculation are comprehensive and accurate. The parameters complement each other and jointly support the calculation of key indicators such as torque deviation and lifting point adjustment, making the dynamic control strategy more in line with the actual construction conditions, reducing adjustment errors caused by insufficient parameters, and improving construction accuracy and efficiency.

[0048] In traditional technical solutions, the adjustment of the hoisting posture of steel columns relies heavily on manual operation and experience judgment. There is a lack of linkage mechanism between the adjustment of the hoisting point position and the counterweight compensation. Moreover, the adjustment accuracy is greatly affected by human factors, making it impossible to achieve real-time and precise coordinated control. When the environment or construction conditions change suddenly, the adjustment is prone to lag, which can lead to temporary instability of the steel column and increase safety risks.

[0049] Based on this, please refer to Figure 3 The steps for dynamically adjusting the hoisting posture of the steel column specifically include:

[0050] S31: The hydraulic device that drives the adjustable lifting device according to the dynamic adjustment of the lifting point changes the connection position between the lifting rope and the steel column;

[0051] S32: The displacement of the movable counterweight block set at the steel column segment is controlled according to the counterweight compensation amount. The movable counterweight block is connected to the steel column through a slide rail. Its displacement accuracy is controlled by a servo motor. The movement of the adjustable lifting device and the movable counterweight block is linked by a PLC controller.

[0052] This solution replaces traditional manual adjustments with automated control equipment and a linkage mechanism, solving the problems of low control precision and poor coordination. The hydraulic device drives the lifting point adjustment, providing rapid response and precise position control; the servo motor controls the counterweight displacement, ensuring accurate execution of counterweight compensation; the PLC controller links the lifting device and the counterweight, synchronizing their actions and preventing torque imbalance caused by asynchronous adjustments. Its technical advantages include automated and precise control of the lifting posture; the coordinated action of the lifting point and counterweight can quickly respond to changes in torque deviation, ensuring the stability of the steel column during adjustment; simultaneously, it reduces manual intervention, minimizes human error, and improves construction efficiency. Especially in complex environments with fluctuating parameters, it effectively handles unexpected situations and ensures construction safety.

[0053] Traditional technical solutions often consider the effects of temperature or wind alone when calculating the moment deviation of steel columns, without taking into account the coupling effect between the two. Furthermore, the calculation model does not incorporate the correlation between the structural parameters of the steel column itself and the construction parameters, resulting in a large deviation between the calculated moment deviation and the actual stress state. This makes it impossible to provide a reliable basis for subsequent adjustments, thereby affecting the effectiveness of self-balancing control.

[0054] Based on this, the torque deviation calculation model under the coupled effects of temperature and wind satisfies the following formula:

[0055] in, The torque deviation caused by the coupling effect; The elastic modulus of the steel column; The cross-sectional area of ​​the steel column; The coefficient of linear expansion of the steel column material; This refers to the real-time temperature difference, which is the difference between the surface temperature of the steel column and the ambient reference temperature. This represents the current length of the hoisting section; Design the inclination angle for the steel column; For air density, take 1.225 kg / m³; This is the wind load shape coefficient, which is taken as 1.3 for inclined steel columns; This refers to the instantaneous wind speed.

[0056] This formula is used to quantify the torque deviation of a large-angle inclined steel column during construction due to the coupling of temperature changes and wind force. It is the core calculation basis for subsequent adjustment of lifting points and counterweight compensation.

[0057] The left side of the formula It represents the total torque deviation under the coupling effect. Its value is composed of two superimposed parts, corresponding to the independent effects of temperature and wind force and their synergistic effect.

[0058] First half of the formula The focus is on the mechanical effects of temperature changes on steel columns.

[0059] in, elastic modulus and The cross-sectional area reflects the material and structural properties of the steel column, and determines the steel column's ability to resist deformation; The coefficient of linear expansion reflects the expansion and contraction characteristics of steel as temperature changes; Real-time temperature difference is directly related to the thermal expansion and contraction of the steel column caused by fluctuations in ambient temperature. Current hoisting section length and The design tilt angle uses geometric relationships to convert axial expansion and contraction into a moment about the fulcrum. The introduction of this is because the effective torque is generated only by the component of the axial deformation of the inclined steel column in the direction of gravity.

[0060] The physical significance of this part lies in accurately capturing how the change in the length of the steel column caused by temperature changes is transformed into a torque that disrupts self-balance, thus making up for the shortcomings of traditional construction that only considers static self-weight and ignores the dynamic effects of temperature.

[0061] The second half of the formula This is aimed at addressing the lateral effects of wind on tilted steel columns. Air density is a fundamental environmental parameter. The wind load shape coefficient is set to 1.3 for the special shape of the inclined steel column, which reflects the special nature of wind resistance of non-vertical components; The square of wind speed conforms to the square relationship between wind force and velocity in fluid mechanics, reflecting the significant influence of wind speed on lateral force; The total moment of the hoisting section is proportional to the square of its length, since the wind force is distributed along the column. The introduction of this is because only the component of the lateral wind force perpendicular to the axis of the steel column will generate an effective torque.

[0062] This part solves the problem of deviation caused by the simplification of wind force calculation in traditional construction, such as estimating only based on horizontal force, and is especially suitable for the environmental characteristics of frequent gusts in Changsha.

[0063] The superposition of the two parts reflects the coupled destructive effect of temperature and wind on the self-balancing of steel columns—the two do not act independently, but together constitute the resultant moment that causes the steel column's attitude deviation. This formula design enables the BIM model to integrate environmental and structural parameters in real time, providing accurate torque deviation data for dynamic control and ensuring the scientific validity and timeliness of self-balancing control.

[0064] This scheme integrates the effects of temperature and wind on steel columns into a unified torque deviation index by constructing a coupled calculation model, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional single-factor analysis.

[0065] The formula quantifies the axial force and torque generated by the thermal expansion and contraction of the steel column due to temperature changes in the first half, and calculates the lateral torque under wind force in the second half. The sum of the two reflects the actual stress state, and each parameter is directly related to the structural characteristics of the steel column, construction parameters, and environmental conditions, ensuring the relevance and accuracy of the calculation. Its technical effect lies in its ability to accurately quantify the torque deviation under the coupled effects of temperature and wind force, providing a scientific basis for adjusting the lifting points and compensating for counterweights, making subsequent control measures more targeted, effectively reducing construction risks caused by inaccurate torque deviation calculations, and improving the accuracy and reliability of self-balancing control.

[0066] Traditional technical solutions often calculate the lifting point adjustment based solely on a single torque deviation value, without considering the impact of residual stress accumulated in the steel column during previous construction on the current lifting section. This leads to a deviation between the lifting point adjustment and the actual requirements, which in turn affects the stability and accuracy of the steel column installation. Especially when multiple steel column sections are continuously lifted, the cumulative effect of residual stress will gradually amplify the error and increase construction risks.

[0067] Based on this, the dynamic adjustment amount of the lifting point satisfies the following formula:

[0068] ;

[0069] in, This refers to the vertical adjustment amount of the lifting point; For safety, we take a factor of 1.2; This represents the weight of the current hoisting section. This represents the residual stress in the previous section of the steel column; Let be the moment of inertia of the steel column section.

[0070] This scheme introduces the preceding residual stress parameter into the calculation of the lifting point adjustment, and constructs a composite calculation model that includes instantaneous torque deviation and historical stress accumulation, thus solving the problem that traditional calculation methods ignore the influence of construction continuity.

[0071] This formula is used to calculate the vertical adjustment of the lifting points required to offset the coupling torque deviation and the accumulation of stress from previous construction. It is a crucial step connecting torque deviation analysis with actual construction operations. The left side of the formula... The vertical distance that needs to be adjusted for the lifting point is represented by two parts, which correspond to the compensation for the instantaneous torque deviation and the correction for the influence of historical stress, respectively.

[0072] First half of the formula Regarding the current coupling torque deviation Adjustments will be made. Among them, The introduction of a safety factor provides a safety margin for the adjustment amount, avoiding imbalance caused by calculation errors or sudden environmental changes. The current weight of the hoisting section is the basic parameter for adjustment, reflecting that the adjustment of the hoisting points must match the self-weight of the steel column; Then, through geometric relationships, the vertical adjustment is converted into an effective torque—the balancing torque generated by the vertical movement of the lifting point on the tilted steel column, and... Inversely proportional. The core function of this part is to transform the abstract torque deviation into specific lifting point position adjustment values, so that the analysis results of the BIM model can directly guide the action of the adjustable lifting equipment, solving the problem of the disconnect between torque calculation and on-site operation in traditional construction.

[0073] The second half of the formula Focusing on residual stress accumulated in previous construction The impact on the current paragraph. The moment of inertia of a section reflects the ability of a steel column to resist bending deformation, and together with the residual stress, it constitutes the additional moment exerted on the current section by the preceding construction. The current lifting section length is then converted into a demand for lifting point adjustment through lever arm relationships; the denominator contains... The current section weight ensures that the adjustment amount is compatible with the self-weight of the steel column.

[0074] This part of the design breaks through the limitations of traditional construction methods that require independent adjustment of sections. In the multi-section hoisting of large-angle inclined steel columns, the residual welding stress of the previous section will be transferred to the current section through the connection nodes, causing a deviation between the actual stress state and the theoretical calculation. This part quantifies the influence of residual stress, so that the adjustment of the hoisting points can take into account the continuity of the construction process and avoid the accumulation of errors.

[0075] The combined logic of the two parts reflects a composite control approach of real-time adjustment and historical correction: it is necessary to both offset the torque deviation caused by the current environment and construction conditions, and correct the stress effects left over from previous construction. The application of this formula makes the adjustment amount of the lifting point more closely match the actual stress state of the steel column, providing accurate basic parameters for subsequent counterweight compensation, and ensuring that the installation posture of each section of the steel column is within a controllable range.

[0076] In the formula, the first part calculates the foundation adjustment based on the torque deviation caused by the coupling of temperature and wind force, while the second part quantifies the additional adjustment requirements of the current segment due to the residual stress from the preceding process acting on it through the moment of inertia of the cross section and the length of the hoisting segment. The two are superimposed to form the final adjustment value, and the introduction of a safety factor further ensures the reliability of the adjustment. Its technical effect is that the hoisting point adjustment can not only cope with changes in the real-time environment and construction conditions, but also offset the stress accumulated in the preceding construction, ensuring that the hoisting posture of each steel column segment is within a precise control range, reducing error transmission in multi-segment hoisting, improving overall installation accuracy and structural stability, and providing more reliable basic data for subsequent counterweight compensation.

[0077] In traditional technical solutions, the calculation of counterweight compensation often only considers the immediate torque deviation, without taking into account the residual effects after the lifting point adjustment and the attenuation effect of the counterweight effect on the construction duration. This results in either excessive counterweight compensation leading to resource waste or insufficient compensation failing to achieve balance. Especially in long-term lifting operations, the time loss of the counterweight will significantly reduce the self-balancing effect.

[0078] Based on this, the real-time counterweight compensation amount satisfies the following formula:

[0079] ;

[0080] in, For counterweight mass; This is the distance from the counterweight suspension point to the top of the column; The acceleration due to gravity is taken as 9.81 m / s². The time decay coefficient is set to 0.02 / h. This refers to the duration of the hoisting operation.

[0081] This formula is used to calculate the real-time counterweight mass required to achieve self-balancing of the steel column. It is a supplement and enhancement to the adjustment of the lifting point, and is especially suitable for scenarios where the adjustment range of the lifting point is limited or environmental parameters change abruptly.

[0082] The left side of the formula This represents the required counterweight mass, and its value is determined by the torque compensation requirement in the numerator, the lever arm parameter in the denominator, and the time decay correction.

[0083] The numerator of the formula It integrates two aspects of torque compensation requirements: one is the residual torque deviation that was not completely offset by the lifting point adjustment. Secondly, the additional torque generated after adjusting the lifting points. —Due to vertical movement of the lifting point The self-weight of the steel column Component of force in the direction of inclination ( This will generate a new torque, which needs to be counteracted by a counterweight.

[0084] This part of the design solves the problem of secondary imbalance caused by independent calculation of lifting point adjustment and counterweight compensation in traditional construction, ensuring that the two work together rather than interfere with each other.

[0085] denominator of the formula This demonstrates the lever arm characteristic of the counterweight. The distance from the counterweight suspension point to the top of the column directly determines the length of the lever arm generated by the counterweight. Gravitational acceleration converts the mass of the counterweight into gravity; Through geometric relationships, the vertical gravity of the counterweight is transformed into an effective balancing torque perpendicular to the axis of the steel column. The overall function of the denominator is to quantify the balancing torque that a unit mass of counterweight can provide, ensuring the accuracy of the counterweight mass calculation.

[0086] Correction terms in the formula Regarding the time decay characteristics of the counterweight effect. The time decay coefficient reflects the reduction in the effectiveness of the counterweight due to factors such as loose connecting parts and minor deformation of the steel column; The hoisting duration quantifies the cumulative effect of attenuation.

[0087] The introduction of this part makes up for the shortcomings of traditional construction where the counterweight is set once and the time effect is ignored. It is especially suitable for the construction of large-angle steel columns with long hoisting cycles, ensuring that the counterweight effect remains effective throughout the entire construction process.

[0088] This formula is progressive with the previous two formulas: based on the torque deviation of Formula 1, combined with the lifting point adjustment amount of Formula 2, the real-time counterweight requirement is finally calculated, realizing the dynamic control of the entire chain from torque analysis to lifting point adjustment and finally counterweight compensation.

[0089] Its application enables the self-balancing system to adapt to the dynamic changes in complex environments and construction processes, greatly improving the stability and safety of large-angle inclined steel column construction.

[0090] This solution addresses the problems of traditional counterweight calculations being limited to a single dimension and failing to consider time-related factors by constructing a composite calculation model that includes torque deviation, residual effects of lifting point adjustment, and time decay.

[0091] In the formula, the numerator integrates the torque deviation caused by temperature and wind coupling with the additional torque generated by the weight and tilt angle of the hoisting section after the lifting point is adjusted. The denominator quantifies the lever arm effect of the counterweight by the counterweight suspension distance, gravitational acceleration and the cosine value of the tilt angle. The product of the time decay coefficient and the construction time is used to compensate for the effect decay of the counterweight over time, ensuring that the counterweight can still meet the balance requirements during long-term operation.

[0092] Its technical effect is that the counterweight compensation can accurately offset the instantaneous torque imbalance, cover the residual effects after the lifting point adjustment, adapt to the changes in construction time, avoid the steel column posture deviation caused by insufficient or attenuated counterweight, reduce the number of repeated adjustments, and improve the continuity and reliability of self-balancing control. It is especially suitable for construction scenarios of large-angle inclined steel columns with long lifting cycles.

[0093] In traditional technical solutions, the data collected by sensors is directly used for BIM model analysis and calculation without considering the impact of sensor characteristics, installation environment and location differences on data accuracy. For example, temperature sensors are affected by the thermal conductivity of the coating on the steel column surface, and wind speed sensors have data deviations due to the difference in height between the installation height and the top of the steel column. These uncorrected data will distort the model calculation results, thereby affecting the accuracy of dynamic control.

[0094] Based on this, the parameter monitoring module also includes a data calibration unit, which is used to correct the output data of the temperature sensor, wind speed sensor and stress sensor. The correction coefficient of the temperature sensor is dynamically adjusted according to the thermal conductivity of the coating on the surface of the steel column, the correction coefficient of the wind speed sensor is calculated based on the difference between the sensor installation height and the top height of the steel column, and the correction coefficient of the stress sensor is compensated based on the strain gradient at its installation position.

[0095] This solution addresses the data distortion problem caused by the traditional data acquisition process's emphasis on acquisition over calibration by adding a data calibration unit and developing targeted correction strategies for the error sources of different types of sensors. Temperature sensor correction incorporates the coating's thermal conductivity to ensure that the acquired temperature differences accurately reflect the steel column's thermal state; wind speed sensor correction considers installation height differences to ensure wind speed data aligns with the actual wind conditions at the top of the steel column; and stress sensor correction is based on strain gradients to eliminate stress measurement deviations caused by different installation locations. The technical benefits include significantly improved accuracy and reliability of monitoring data, providing high-quality data input for BIM model torque deviation calculations, lifting point adjustments, and counterweight compensation derivations. This reduces control strategy errors caused by data inaccuracies, making dynamic self-balancing control more closely reflect actual construction conditions, and indirectly improving the accuracy and safety of steel column installation.

[0096] In traditional technical solutions, the adjustment of lifting points and the compensation of counterweights are mostly performed independently, lacking an automated linkage mechanism. They rely on manual coordination of the two actions, which not only results in slow response speed but also easily leads to temporary instability of steel columns due to asynchronous operation. Especially when environmental parameters change suddenly, the lag of manual operation will significantly increase the construction risk. At the same time, the adjustment accuracy is greatly affected by human experience, making it difficult to ensure consistency.

[0097] Based on this, after receiving the lifting point adjustment amount and counterweight compensation amount output by the BIM model, the PLC controller generates pulse control signals to drive the servo motor. The frequency of the lifting point adjustment pulse signal is positively correlated with the current wind speed, and the duty cycle of the counterweight displacement pulse signal is positively correlated with the weight of the lifting section. When the absolute value of the torque deviation monitored in real time exceeds the preset threshold, the PLC controller outputs an alarm signal and suspends the lifting action.

[0098] This solution utilizes a PLC controller to automate the linkage control of lifting point adjustment and counterweight compensation, solving the problems of poor synchronization, slow response, and insufficient precision inherent in traditional manual operations. As the core control unit, the PLC controller receives adjustment parameters from the model output and converts them into pulse signals to drive servo motors. This causes the lifting point adjustment frequency to increase with wind speed, ensuring rapid response even in strong winds. The counterweight displacement duty cycle increases with the weight of the lifting section, ensuring sufficient force for counterweight adjustment under heavy loads. Simultaneously, threshold monitoring and alarm pause mechanisms provide safety redundancy, preventing excessive torque deviations that could lead to danger. The technical advantages include real-time coordination of lifting point and counterweight adjustments, significantly improved action response speed and precision, reduced errors and lags caused by manual intervention, and the ability to quickly respond to parameter changes, especially in complex environments, ensuring the steel column remains stable. The alarm mechanism also provides additional protection for construction safety, enhancing the overall controllability and safety of the construction process.

[0099] Traditional technical solutions often rely solely on simple dimensional measurements to assess construction quality after steel column installation. This lacks retrospective analysis of data from the entire construction process and inversion optimization of model parameters, making it impossible to accurately identify the root causes of errors. Subsequent similar construction projects may repeat the same problems, and it is difficult to establish a closed-loop mechanism for accumulating construction experience, thus hindering the continuous improvement of technical solutions.

[0100] Based on this, a self-balancing verification step is also included after construction is completed: based on the BIM model, the torque deviation, lifting point adjustment amount and counterweight compensation amount of the entire construction process are traced back, and the deviation value between the final installation posture of the steel column and the design posture is calculated. When the deviation value meets the requirements of axis positioning deviation ≤ 3.0mm, verticality deviation ≤ 10mm and column top elevation deviation ≤ 5mm, the self-balancing construction is deemed qualified. Otherwise, the model parameters are adjusted based on the deviation value for subsequent construction optimization of similar steel columns.

[0101] This solution addresses the lack of systematic verification and continuous improvement mechanisms in traditional construction by establishing a closed-loop process encompassing construction, verification, inversion, and optimization. The verification process not only focuses on final installation accuracy but also uses BIM models to backtrack data throughout the entire process, comprehensively analyzing trends in torque deviation, adjustment amounts, and compensation amounts to accurately pinpoint error sources. The qualification criteria clearly define quantitative indicators, ensuring the objectivity of quality assessment. Furthermore, the inversion of model parameters when deviations exceed limits provides an optimization basis for subsequent construction, enabling iterative upgrades of the technical solution.

[0102] Its technical advantages lie in ensuring that the quality of each construction project is rigorously verified and meets preset standards. At the same time, through data backtracking and parameter inversion, a valuable database of construction experience is formed, enabling subsequent similar steel column construction to be carried out based on optimized model parameters, reducing trial and error costs, improving construction efficiency and accuracy, gradually perfecting the self-balancing construction technology system, forming a virtuous cycle of continuous improvement, and providing a solid practical foundation for the development of large-angle inclined steel column construction technology.

[0103] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Construct a database containing steel column parameters, environmental parameters, and construction parameters through a BIM model, and collect temperature changes, instantaneous wind speed, real-time stress of steel columns, and weight of hoisting sections in real time during the construction process; S2: Based on the database and real-time collected data, establish a torque deviation calculation model under the coupling effect of temperature and wind, and derive the dynamic adjustment amount of the lifting point based on the deviation value output by the model; S3: Calculate the real-time counterweight compensation amount by combining the dynamic adjustment amount of the lifting point and the stress accumulation effect of the preceding construction. S4: The steel column hoisting posture is dynamically adjusted according to the counterweight compensation amount to achieve self-balancing control during construction; The torque deviation calculation model under the coupled effects of temperature and wind force satisfies the following formula: ； in, The torque deviation caused by the coupling effect; The elastic modulus of the steel column; The cross-sectional area of ​​the steel column; The coefficient of linear expansion of the steel column material; This refers to the real-time temperature difference, which is the difference between the surface temperature of the steel column and the ambient reference temperature. This represents the current length of the hoisting section; Design the inclination angle for the steel column; For air density, take 1.

225. ; This is the wind load shape coefficient, which is taken as 1.3 for inclined steel columns; The instantaneous wind speed; the dynamic adjustment amount of the suspension point satisfies the following formula: ； in, This refers to the vertical adjustment amount of the lifting point; For safety, we take a factor of 1.2; This represents the weight of the current hoisting section. This represents the residual stress in the previous section of the steel column; Let be the moment of inertia of the steel column section; the real-time counterweight compensation amount satisfies the following formula: ； in, For counterweight mass; This is the distance from the counterweight suspension point to the top of the column; Let be the acceleration due to gravity, taken as 9.

81. ; The time decay coefficient is set to 0.02 / h. This refers to the duration of the hoisting operation.

2. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The BIM model includes a steel column detailed design module, a construction simulation module, and a parameter monitoring module. The detailed design module stores the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, coefficient of linear expansion, moment of inertia, and design tilt angle parameters of the steel column. The construction simulation module simulates the hoisting path under different working conditions. The parameter monitoring module is communicatively connected to temperature sensors, wind speed sensors, and stress sensors deployed on the construction site to receive and store real-time monitoring data.

3. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time collected environmental parameters include the difference between the ambient temperature and the surface temperature of the steel column, the instantaneous wind speed and direction in the horizontal direction, the construction parameters include the length and weight of the current hoisting section, the residual stress of the installed section and the hoisting duration, and the steel column parameters include the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, coefficient of linear expansion, section modulus and design inclination angle of the steel column material.

4. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for dynamically adjusting the hoisting posture of the steel column specifically include: S31: The hydraulic device that drives the adjustable lifting device according to the dynamic adjustment of the lifting point changes the connection position between the lifting rope and the steel column; S32: The displacement of the movable counterweight block set at the steel column segment is controlled according to the counterweight compensation amount. The movable counterweight block is connected to the steel column through a slide rail. The displacement accuracy of the movable counterweight block is controlled by a servo motor. The movement of the adjustable lifting device and the movable counterweight block is linked through a PLC controller.

5. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameter monitoring module also includes a data calibration unit for correcting the output data of the temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, and stress sensor. The correction coefficient of the temperature sensor is dynamically adjusted based on the thermal conductivity of the coating on the surface of the steel column. The correction coefficient of the wind speed sensor is calculated based on the difference between the sensor installation height and the top height of the steel column. The correction coefficient of the stress sensor is compensated based on the strain gradient at its installation location.

6. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 4, characterized in that, After receiving the lifting point adjustment amount and counterweight compensation amount output from the BIM model, the PLC controller generates pulse control signals to drive the servo motor. The frequency of the lifting point adjustment pulse signal is positively correlated with the current wind speed, and the duty cycle of the counterweight displacement pulse signal is positively correlated with the weight of the lifting section. When the absolute value of the torque deviation monitored in real time exceeds the preset threshold, the PLC controller outputs an alarm signal and suspends the lifting action.

7. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a self-balancing verification step after construction is completed: Based on the BIM model, the torque deviation, lifting point adjustment amount, and counterweight compensation amount of the entire construction process are traced back. The deviation value between the final installation posture of the steel column and the design posture is calculated. When the deviation value meets the requirements of axis positioning deviation ≤ 3.0mm, verticality deviation ≤ 10mm, and column top elevation deviation ≤ 5mm on the same floor, the self-balancing construction is deemed qualified. Otherwise, the model parameters are adjusted based on the deviation value for subsequent construction optimization of similar steel columns.

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