One-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on multimode substrate integrated waveguide

Abstract

The invention provides a one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on a multimode substrate integrated waveguide. The one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna comprises a plurality of antenna units, a rectangular SIW cavity structure formed by a plurality of first metalized via holes connected with the metal bottom plate is arranged at the position, close to the periphery, of each antenna unit radiation patch; and two symmetrical rectangular radiation slots, a rectangular mode fusion groove and two rows of second metalized via holes are etched in the SIW cavity on the radiation patch. According to the SIW cavity structure, the defect of relatively high transmission loss caused by easy leakage of a fringe field in the prior art is avoided, and the scanning range of a wave beam is effectively widened; the rectangular mode fusion groove and the two rows of second metalized via holes change the current path when the antenna works, realize effective fusion of TE10 and TE30 resonant modes, effectively widen the working bandwidth of the antenna and the 3dB beam width of a radiation pattern, and are used for solving the problems of narrow working bandwidth and small beam scanning range in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna technology and relates to a millimeter-wave phased array antenna, specifically a one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a multi-mode substrate integrated waveguide, which can be applied to satellite communication, 5G / 6G mobile communication and other fields. Background Technology

[0002] Phased array antennas, as an advanced antenna technology, are widely used in various fields such as communications, radar, and aerospace. With the increasing complexity and variability of communication environments, systems are placing higher and more comprehensive demands on the performance of phased array antennas. Especially against the backdrop of growing needs for broadband, high resolution, and multi-target tracking, phased array antennas are continuously developing towards miniaturization, broadband, and wide-angle scanning to meet the application requirements of various platforms such as mobile and fixed communications.

[0003] Phased array antennas can be classified into linear phased arrays, area phased arrays, and conformal phased arrays according to their structure and application requirements. Among them, linear phased arrays are usually composed of several antenna elements arranged along a straight line, and are mainly used to achieve beam scanning in a single direction.

[0004] Application publication number CN108011183A, titled "Based on Rectangular Patch™" 20 The patent application for "one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array of the pattern" discloses a method based on rectangular patch TM. 20 This invention presents a one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array, whose structure mainly consists of an array antenna patch, a feeding section, and a dielectric substrate. The array is composed of eight identical elements arranged at equal intervals. Since the performance of a phased array is highly dependent on its array elements, this invention is based on a rectangular patch™. 20 The pattern was improved, and the element beam was expanded, thereby widening the phased array scanning range. While ensuring uniform polarization during scanning, miniaturization techniques reduced the element size, increasing the element spacing to some extent and reducing mutual coupling between elements, ensuring good impedance matching during beam scanning. However, its shortcomings include: the electromagnetic field of this antenna element is mainly distributed in the dielectric layer between the patch and the ground plane, with edge fields leaking into free space, resulting in weak coupling between adjacent elements, which is detrimental to wide-angle array scanning; furthermore, the radiation mode of the rectangular patch is TM. 20 The single-radiation mode results in a relative antenna bandwidth of only 3.04% and an antenna scanning angle of -68° to 68°. The narrow operating bandwidth and scanning angle are difficult to meet the requirements of modern communication systems for wide bandwidth and wide scanning angle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a multi-mode substrate integrated waveguide, which solves the technical problems of narrow operating bandwidth and small beam scanning range in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a multimode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) includes multiple antenna elements arranged linearly and periodically. Each antenna element includes a rectangular dielectric substrate 1, rectangular radiating patches 2 with identical specifications and corresponding positions printed on their upper and lower surfaces, a metal base plate 3, and feed probes 4. The radiating patches 2 have multiple first metallized vias 5 connected to the metal base plate 3 near their periphery, forming a rectangular SIW cavity structure. A set of [unclear text - likely related to a specific pattern or design] is etched on the radiating patches 2 within the SIW cavity. Two rectangular radiating slots 6 are symmetrically connected by the line connecting the midpoints of the short sides; a rectangular pattern fusion groove 7 is also etched on the side of the radiating patch 2 near one of the radiating slots in the SIW cavity, and two rows of second metallized vias 8 are provided on the side near the other radiating slot, which are connected to the metal base plate 3 and are symmetrical about the line connecting the midpoints of a set of long sides of the radiating patch 2; the rectangular pattern fusion groove 7 and the two rows of second metallized vias 8 are used to change the current path when the antenna is working, and the TE10 and TE30 modes are fused, which helps to widen the antenna bandwidth and scanning angle.

[0008] As an optimization, the inner and outer conductors of the power supply probe 4 are connected to the radiating patch 2 and the metal base plate 3, respectively, and are set on the side of the line connecting the midpoints of a set of short sides of the radiating patch 2 that deviates from the rectangular pattern fusion slot 7.

[0009] As an optimization, the center normal of the rectangular radiating patch 2 and the metal base plate 3 coincides with the center normal of the dielectric substrate 1, and the four sides of the rectangular radiating patch 2 and the metal base plate 3 are parallel to the corresponding sides of the dielectric substrate 1.

[0010] As an optimization, the rectangular SIW cavity structure is composed of multiple first metallized vias 5 with equal spacing between adjacent vias.

[0011] As an optimization, the midpoint of the rectangular radiating slot 6 and the rectangular pattern fusion groove 7 is located on the line connecting the midpoints of a set of long sides of the radiating patch 2; the rectangular pattern fusion groove 7 is parallel to the line connecting the midpoints of a set of short sides of the radiating patch 2, and its length is less than the length of the rectangular radiating slot 6.

[0012] As an optimization, the two rows of second metallized vias 8 are parallel to the line connecting the midpoints of a set of short sides of the radiating patch 2, and the spacing between adjacent vias is equal.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] 1. The SIW cavity structure offers significant transmission performance advantages compared to traditional microstrip patch structures. By introducing metal vias into the dielectric substrate, SIW constructs a closed propagation path similar to a rectangular waveguide, effectively suppressing the radiation loss and electromagnetic leakage problems common in microstrip structures and significantly reducing transmission loss.

[0015] 2. This invention alters the current path of the antenna during operation by employing slot etching and short-circuit via loading techniques, thereby reducing the current path of the TE antenna. 10 and TE 30 Effective fusion of resonant modes effectively broadens the operating bandwidth of the antenna element and the 3dB beamwidth of the radiation pattern, which is beneficial to further widening the operating bandwidth and scanning angle of the antenna array. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna unit structure in this invention.

[0017] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view.

[0018] Figure 3 (a) is the antenna element TE in this invention. 30 Electric field distribution.

[0019] Figure 3 (b) is the antenna element TE in this invention. 10 Electric field distribution.

[0020] Figure 4 These are the simulation results of the reflection coefficient of the antenna element in this invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is the simulation result of the radiation gain of the antenna element in this invention.

[0022] Figure 6 (a) shows the simulation results of the active reflection coefficient of the present invention when scanning at -70°.

[0023] Figure 6 (b) shows the simulation results of the active reflection coefficient of the present invention when scanning at -40°.

[0024] Figure 6 (c) shows the simulation results of the active reflection coefficient of the present invention when scanning at 0°.

[0025] Figure 6 (d) is the simulation result of the active reflection coefficient of the present invention when scanning at 60°.

[0026] Figure 7This is the beam scanning simulation result of the yoz plane at 35GHz according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention comprises 16 antenna elements arranged in a linear periodic pattern, with each adjacent element spaced 3.8 mm apart.

[0029] The antenna unit includes a rectangular dielectric substrate 1, rectangular radiating patches 2 and a metal base plate 3 printed on its upper and lower surfaces with the same specifications and corresponding positions, and a feed probe 4; the dielectric substrate 1 is made of Rogers 4350B material with a length of 10mm, a width of 6mm, a thickness of 0.51mm, a dielectric constant of 3.55, and a loss tangent of 0.0009.

[0030] The radiating patch 2 has a length of L = 8 mm and a width of W = 3.8 mm. Near the periphery, there are multiple first metallized vias 5 with a radius of r0 = 0.4 mm connected to the metal base plate 3. The vias are arranged to form a rectangular SIW cavity structure with a spacing of d0 = 0.6 mm between adjacent vias. This can form a closed structure similar to a waveguide in the dielectric substrate. The electromagnetic field is strictly confined inside the waveguide, which helps the array to achieve large-angle scanning.

[0031] The radiating patch 2 has two rectangular radiating slots 6 etched symmetrically with respect to the line connecting the midpoints of a set of short sides of the radiating patch 2 within the SIW cavity. The length of the slots is l1 = 6.0 mm, the width is 0.1 mm, and the distance from the center of the radiating slots to the center of the radiating patch 2 is w1 = 1.15 mm.

[0032] A rectangular pattern fusion groove 7 is etched on the side of the radiating patch 2 near one of the radiating slots 6 within the SIW cavity. This groove is parallel to the rectangular radiating slot 6, has a length of l2 = 4.2 mm, a width of 0.1 mm, and a distance w2 = 0.6 mm from the center of the slot to the lateral center of the radiating patch 2. On the side of the radiating patch 2 near another radiating slot 7 within the SIW cavity, two rows of second metallized vias 8 are provided, symmetrical about a line connecting the midpoints of a set of long sides of the dielectric substrate 1 and connected to the metal base plate 3. These vias have a diameter of 0.3 mm, an adjacent via spacing of 0.45 mm, a longitudinal center distance xf1 = 1.375 mm from the center symmetry line of the radiating patch 2, and a lateral center distance yf1 = 0.38 mm from the center symmetry line of the radiating patch 2. By altering the current path during antenna operation through the rectangular pattern fusion groove 7 and the second metallized vias 8, the current path of the antenna can be changed, thus achieving the desired signal transmission. 1,0 and TE 3,0 Fusion of resonant modes. Antenna TE 1,0 Pattern and TE3,0 The resonant frequencies of the modes are 27.4 GHz and 38.1 GHz, respectively. Figure 3 The electric field distribution can be seen on the left side of the antenna element. 30 Where the mode electric field distribution is large and TE 10 Etching gaps where the mode electric field distribution is smaller can effectively reduce TE. 30 Mode resonant frequency, and for TE 10 The mode resonant frequency has little impact. Therefore, on the left side of the antenna element, TE... 30 Even with a gap introduced at a location with a large electric field distribution, the two modes of the antenna are still relatively far apart. To fuse the two modes, a gap can be introduced at the TE... 30 A short-circuit via is introduced at the zero point of the electric field in the mode to reduce the TE voltage. 10 Part of the current in the mode is short-circuited, while for TE 30 The mode has virtually no impact, so TE can be increased by reducing the circuit path. 10 The resonant frequency of the mode, the TE of the antenna 10 Pattern and TE 30 The modes are integrated. Compared to a single resonant mode, the operating bandwidth of the antenna element is greatly expanded, and the 3dB width of the radiation pattern is effectively broadened, which is beneficial to further expanding the operating bandwidth and scanning angle of the antenna array.

[0033] The feed probe 4 has its inner and outer conductors connected to the radiating patch 2 and the metal base plate 3, respectively, and is offset from the side of the radiating patch 2 where the rectangular pattern fusion groove 7 is etched. Its diameter is 0.4 mm, its longitudinal center is located at the center symmetry line of the dielectric substrate 1, and its lateral center is yf = 0.16 mm from the center symmetry line of the dielectric substrate 1. This can suppress unwanted TE. 20 model.

[0034] The effects of this invention can be further illustrated by simulation results:

[0035] 1. Simulation conditions and content

[0036] Simulation was performed using the commercial simulation software HFSS_19.2.

[0037] 1.1 The reflection coefficient of the antenna element in this invention was simulated, and the results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0038] 1.2 The radiation pattern of the yoz plane of the antenna element in this invention is simulated, and the results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0039] 1.3 The active reflection coefficient of the present invention was simulated, and the results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0040] 1.4 The radiation pattern of the yoz surface of the present invention was simulated, and the results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0041] 2. Simulation Results

[0042] Reference Figure 4 The antenna element is based on S11<-10dB and has an operating bandwidth of 14.66% (33.03GHz–38.16GHz). The antenna element exhibits good return loss and a wide operating bandwidth.

[0043] Reference Figure 5 The radiation patterns of the antenna element on the yoz plane at frequencies of 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 GHz show that the gain of the antenna element is greater than 7.07 dBi at 34, 35, 36, and 37 GHz, and 6.50 dBi at 38 GHz within the radiation operating bandwidth.

[0044] Reference Figure 6 The invention maintains active S-parameters at 35 GHz below -10 dB throughout the entire scanning range, resulting in minimal loss during antenna beam scanning.

[0045] Reference Figure 7 The invention can achieve large-angle scanning characteristics with beam scanning of the yoz plane at a frequency of 35 GHz. Simulation results show that the antenna array can achieve stable scanning characteristics within the scanning angle range of -85° to +80°.

[0046] The above is a specific embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art, after understanding the content and principle of the present invention, may make various modifications and changes in form and details without departing from the principle and structure of the present invention. However, these modifications and changes based on the concept of the present invention are still within the scope of the claims and protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on multimode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), comprising multiple antenna elements arranged linearly and periodically; each antenna element comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate (1), rectangular radiating patches (2) printed on its upper and lower surfaces with identical specifications and corresponding positions, a metal base plate (3), and a feed probe (4); characterized in that, The radiating patch (2) is provided near its periphery with a plurality of first metallized vias (5) connected to the metal base plate (3) to form a rectangular SIW cavity structure. Two rectangular radiating slots (6) are etched on the radiating patch (2) within the SIW cavity, symmetrical about the line connecting the midpoints of a set of short sides of the radiating patch (2). A rectangular pattern fusion groove (7) is also etched on the side of the radiating patch (2) near one of the radiating slots within the SIW cavity. Two rows of second metallized vias (8) are provided on the side near the other radiating slot, connected to the metal base plate (3) and symmetrical about the line connecting the midpoints of a set of long sides of the radiating patch (2). The current path during antenna operation is changed by the rectangular pattern fusion groove (7) and the two rows of second metallized vias (8), and the TE10 and TE30 modes are fused, which helps to broaden the antenna bandwidth and scanning angle.

2. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner and outer conductors of the power supply probe (4) are connected to the radiation patch (2) and the metal base plate (3), respectively.

3. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed probe (4) is located on one side of the line connecting the midpoints of a set of short sides of the radiating patch (2) that deviates from the rectangular pattern fusion slot (7).

4. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The center normal of the rectangular radiating patch (2) and the metal base plate (3) coincides with the center normal of the dielectric substrate (1), and the four sides of the rectangular radiating patch (2) and the metal base plate (3) are parallel to the corresponding sides of the dielectric substrate (1).

5. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular SIW cavity structure is composed of a plurality of first metallized vias (5) spaced equidistantly.

6. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular radiating slit (6) and the rectangular pattern fusion groove (7) are located on the line connecting the midpoints of a set of long sides of the radiating patch (2).

7. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the rectangular pattern fusion groove (7) is less than the length of the rectangular radiation slit (6).

8. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular pattern fusion slot (7) is parallel to the line connecting the midpoints of a set of short sides of the radiating patch (2).

9. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two rows of second metallized vias (8) are spaced equidistant from each other.

10. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two rows of second metallized vias (8) are parallel to the line connecting the midpoints of a set of short sides of the radiating patch (2).

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