Multi-position operation motor control circuit and motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-position operation motor control circuit and a motor vehicle, and is applied to the field of motor design. Wherein N sets of combination switches are included, and each combination switch comprises two single-pole double-throw switches; the fixed ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the first set of combined switch are respectively connected with the two ends of the motor; the fixed ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the Xth set of combination switch are respectively connected with the normally closed ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the (X-1) th set of combination switch; the normally closed ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the Nth set of combination switch are connected and are connected with the detection control circuit; the normally open ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches in each combined switch are connected and are connected with a first power supply; and when the fixed end of any single-pole double-throw switch and the corresponding normally open end are closed, the corresponding combined switch and the other sets of combined switches form a loop. According to the invention, motor control of multi-position operation is realized through N sets of combinations, the circuit structure is simple, the operation is simple, and the cost is low.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of motor design, in particular to a motor control circuit for multi-position operation and a motor vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the wide application of motors in automotive electronics and industrial control, many application scenarios require the control of the forward and reverse rotation of the motor at multiple positions, such as window lifting control, automobile seat adjustment control, and production line control, etc.

[0003] At present, multiple controllers are commonly used in the market to achieve multi-position operation through communication, which is relatively high in cost.

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned technology, it is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to seek a control circuit for motor operation at multiple positions with low cost and a set of controllers. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a motor control circuit for multi-position operation and a motor vehicle to solve the problem of high cost caused by the use of multiple controllers to achieve multi-position operation through communication.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, on the one hand, the present application provides a motor control circuit for multi-position operation, comprising: N sets of combination switches, wherein each combination switch comprises two single-pole double-throw switches, and N is an integer greater than 1;

[0007] Among them, the fixed ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the first set of combination switches are connected to the first end and the second end of the motor respectively; the fixed ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the Xth set of combination switches are connected to the normally closed ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the (X-1)th set of combination switches, X is an integer not less than 2; the normally closed ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the Nth set of combination switches are connected, and the first end of the detection control circuit is connected; the normally open ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches in each combination switch are connected, and connected to the corresponding first power supply;

[0008] When the fixed end of any one single-pole double-throw switch is closed with the corresponding normally open end, the corresponding combination switch forms a loop with the remaining combination switches, and the detection control circuit provides multiple safety protection during the loop formation.

[0009] Preferably, the detection control circuit comprises: a single-chip microcomputer, a relay, a relay drive circuit, a pulse voltage detection circuit, a current detection circuit, and a communication circuit;

[0010] The first end of the relay is connected with the first end of the pulse voltage detection circuit, and is connected with the normally closed end of two single-pole double-throw switches in the Nth set of combined switches as the first end of the detection control circuit.

[0011] The first end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the second end of the pulse voltage detection circuit and the current detection circuit.

[0012] The third end of the current detection circuit is grounded.

[0013] The single-chip microcomputer is used for receiving the voltage signal detected by the pulse voltage detection circuit, the current overload signal detected by the current detection circuit and the external instruction received by the communication circuit, and sending corresponding control instructions to the relay drive circuit according to the voltage signal, the current overload signal and the external instruction, so that the relay drive circuit controls the closing or opening of the relay according to the control instructions.

[0014] Preferably, the pulse voltage detection circuit comprises a diode, a first resistor, a second resistor and a first capacitor.

[0015] The anode of the diode is connected with the first end of the pulse voltage detection circuit, the first end of the relay and the normally closed end of two single-pole double-throw switches in the Nth set of combined switches.

[0016] The cathode of the diode is connected with the first end of the first resistor.

[0017] The second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor and the first end of the first capacitor, and is connected with the second end of the pulse voltage detection circuit and the first end of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0018] Preferably, the relay drive circuit comprises a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor and a first triode.

[0019] The first end of the third resistor is connected with the second power supply; the second end of the third resistor is connected with the collector of the first triode, and is connected with the second end of the relay drive circuit and the second end of the relay.

[0020] The base of the first triode is connected with the first end of the fourth resistor and the first end of the fifth resistor.

[0021] The second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the second end of the relay drive circuit and the second end of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0022] The emitter of the first triode is connected with the second end of the fifth resistor and is grounded.

[0023] Preferably, the current detection circuit comprises a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor and a comparator.

[0024] The first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the second capacitor and the first end of the seventh resistor, and is connected to the third end of the relay as the first end of the current detection circuit.

[0025] The second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the second end of the second capacitor and the first end of the eighth resistor, and is grounded.

[0026] The second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first end of the third capacitor and the non-inverting input end of the comparator.

[0027] The second end of the eighth resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth capacitor, the inverting input end of the comparator and the first end of the ninth resistor.

[0028] The second end of the third capacitor and the second end of the fourth capacitor are connected and grounded.

[0029] The output end of the comparator is connected to the second end of the ninth resistor, and is connected to the third end of the single-chip microcomputer as the second end of the current detection circuit.

[0030] Preferably, the current detection circuit further comprises a tenth resistor, a fifth capacitor and a sixth capacitor.

[0031] The first end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the third power supply and the first pin end of the comparator.

[0032] The first end of the tenth resistor is connected to the first end of the sixth capacitor and the output end of the comparator.

[0033] The second end of the tenth resistor is connected to the third end of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0034] The second end of the fifth capacitor and the second end of the sixth capacitor are grounded.

[0035] Preferably, it further comprises an eleventh resistor, a seventh capacitor and an eighth capacitor.

[0036] The first end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the fourth power supply.

[0037] The second end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the first end of the seventh capacitor and the fifth end of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0038] The first end of the eighth capacitor is connected to the sixth end of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0039] The second end of the seventh capacitor and the second end of the eighth capacitor are grounded.

[0040] Preferably, it further includes: a ninth capacitor and a tenth capacitor;

[0041] Among them, the first terminal of the ninth capacitor is connected to the seventh terminal of the microcontroller;

[0042] The first terminal of the tenth capacitor is connected to the eighth terminal of the microcontroller;

[0043] The second terminal of the ninth capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the tenth capacitor and grounded.

[0044] Preferably, it further includes: a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, an eleventh capacitor, a twelfth capacitor, and a thirteenth capacitor;

[0045] Among them, the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor, the first terminal of the twelfth resistor, the first terminal of the thirteenth capacitor, the fifth power supply, and the ninth terminal of the microcontroller.

[0046] The second terminal of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the twelfth capacitor and grounded;

[0047] The second terminal of the twelfth resistor is connected to the tenth terminal of the microcontroller;

[0048] The second terminal of the thirteenth capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor and the eleventh terminal of the microcontroller, and then grounded;

[0049] The second terminal of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the twelfth terminal of the microcontroller.

[0050] On the other hand, this application also provides a motor vehicle including the aforementioned multi-position operating motor control circuit.

[0051] Therefore, the N sets of combination switches provided in this application correspond to different positions, and the two single-pole double-throw switches in each set of combination switches are used to realize the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. When the operator controls the fixed end of any single-pole double-throw switch to close with the corresponding normally open end in any position, a circuit is formed to realize multi-position operation motor control. Since the two single-pole double-throw switches in the same position are used to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor, the forward and reverse rotation of the motor can be controlled simultaneously by controlling the corresponding single-pole double-throw switches to realize multi-position operation motor control. Furthermore, the multi-position operation motor control circuit provided in this application is composed of N sets of combination switches, which has a simple circuit structure, is easy to operate, and has low cost. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0053] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-position operation motor control circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 2 A complete schematic diagram of a multi-position operation motor control circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 3 The circuit diagram is for the detection control circuit provided in the embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0057] The core of this application is to provide a multi-position operation motor control circuit and a motor vehicle.

[0058] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0059] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-position motor control circuit provided in an embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: N sets of combination switches, each combination switch including two single-pole double-throw switches (Left 1 and Right 1 - Left N and Right N respectively), where N is an integer greater than 1; in addition, Figure 1 It also includes a detection and control circuit 1, a first power supply 2, and a motor 3.

[0060] The circuit connections are as follows: In the first set of combination switches, the fixed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches (left 1 and right 1) are connected to the first and second terminals of the motor, respectively; in the Xth set of combination switches, the fixed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches (left X and right X) are connected to the normally closed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches (left X-1 and right X-1) in the (X-1)th set of combination switches, where X is an integer not less than 2; in the Nth set of combination switches, the normally closed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches (left N and right N) are connected and connected to the first terminal of the detection and control circuit 1; in each combination switch, the normally open terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches (left 1 and right 1 - left N and right N) are connected and connected to the corresponding first power supply 2.

[0061] Figure 1In the single-pole double-throw switch shown, port b is the fixed terminal; port a is the normally closed terminal; and port c is the normally open terminal. Figure 1 For example, the first set of combination switches (left 1 and right 1) is set in position 1; the second set of combination switches (left 2 and right 2) is set in position 2; and so on, with the Nth set of combination switches (left N and right N) set in position N. It should be noted that... Figure 1 The diagram only shows the first set of combination switches (left 1 and right 1), the second set of combination switches (left 2 and right 2), and the Nth set of combination switches (left N and right N). The specific connection relationships are as follows: in each single-pole double-throw switch, port b is connected to port a (i.e., the fixed end is connected to the normally closed end). Port 2 (fixed end) of single-pole double-throw switch left 1 is connected to the first end of motor 3; port 2 (fixed end) of single-pole double-throw switch right 1 is connected to the second end of motor 3; port a (normally closed end) of single-pole double-throw switch left 1 is connected to port b (fixed end) of single-pole double-throw switch left 2; port a (normally closed end) of single-pole double-throw switch right 1 is connected to port b (fixed end) of single-pole double-throw switch right 2; port c (normally open end) of single-pole double-throw switch left 1 is connected to port c (normally open end) of single-pole double-throw switch right 1, and is connected to the first power supply 2; port a (normally closed end) of single-pole double-throw switch left 2 is connected to the single-pole double-throw switch right 1... The connection is made between port b (fixed terminal) of the left N switch; port a (normally closed terminal) of the right 2 single-pole double-throw switch is connected to port b (fixed terminal) of the right N switch; port c (normally open terminal) of the left 2 single-pole double-throw switch is connected to port c (normally open terminal) of the right 2 single-pole double-throw switch, and connected to the first power supply 2; port a (normally closed terminal) of the left N switch is connected to port a (normally closed terminal) of the right N switch, and connected to the first terminal of the detection control circuit 1; port c (normally open terminal) of the left N switch is connected to port N (normally open terminal) of the right 1 single-pole double-throw switch, and connected to the first power supply 2. In other words, except for the connection relationship between port b (fixed terminal) in the first set of combined switches (left 1 and right 1) and port a (normally closed terminal) in the last set of combined switches (left N and right N), the intermediate connection relationship is that port a (normally closed terminal) in the previous position is connected to port b (fixed terminal) in the next position.

[0062] exist Figure 1 In the circuit shown, since port b (fixed terminal) of each single-pole double-throw switch is connected to its corresponding port a (normally closed terminal), and the first power supply 2 is connected to port c (normally open terminal), it can be determined that the current circuit is in the open state. When port b (fixed terminal) of any single-pole double-throw switch is connected to port c (normally open terminal) (which can also be understood as closed), the first power supply 2 connected to it will be connected, thus forming a loop.

[0063] For example: When port b (fixed terminal) of the left 1 of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected to port c (normally open terminal), the first power supply 2 connected to the left 1 of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the circuit. The current path is: first power supply 2 - port c (normally open terminal) of the left 1 of the single-pole double-throw switch - port b (fixed terminal) of the left 1 of the single-pole double-throw switch - motor 3 - port b (fixed terminal) of the right 1 of the single-pole double-throw switch - port a (normally closed terminal) of the left 1 of the single-pole double-throw switch - port b (fixed terminal) of the right 2 of the single-pole double-throw switch - port a (normally closed terminal) of the right 2 of the single-pole double-throw switch - port b (fixed terminal) of the right N of the single-pole double-throw switch - port a (normally closed terminal) of the right N of the single-pole double-throw switch - detection and control circuit 1.

[0064] In this system, the two single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches in each set of combination switches are positioned on either side of motor 3, primarily to control the motor's forward and reverse rotation. If port b (fixed terminal) of the SPDT switch (left 1, left 2, or left M) is connected to port c (normally open terminal) (which can also be understood as closed), the motor rotates forward; conversely, if port b (fixed terminal) of the SPDT switch (right 1, right 2, or right M) is connected to port c (normally open terminal) (which can also be understood as closed), the motor rotates in reverse. The principle is as follows: when the left SPDT switch is closed, the current generally flows from left to motor 3 to right; while when the right SPDT switch is closed, the current generally flows from right to motor to left.

[0065] It should be noted that at any given time, only one single-pole double-throw switch can have its port b (fixed terminal) and port c (normally open terminal) closed simultaneously.

[0066] It should also be noted that the detection and control circuit 1 mainly provides multiple safety protections (such as current overload protection and voltage overload protection) during the circuit formation process, which can also be understood as the operation of motor 3. Its specific circuit structure can be customized according to the user's needs.

[0067] This application provides a multi-position operation motor control circuit, comprising: N sets of combination switches, each combination switch including two single-pole double-throw switches, where N is an integer greater than 1; wherein, the fixed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the first set of combination switches are respectively connected to the first and second terminals of the motor; the fixed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the Xth set of combination switches are respectively connected to the normally closed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the (X-1)th set of combination switches, where X is an integer not less than 2; the normally closed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the Nth set of combination switches are connected to the first terminal of a detection and control circuit; the normally open terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches in each combination switch are connected to the corresponding first power supply; when the fixed terminal of any single-pole double-throw switch is closed with the corresponding normally open terminal, the corresponding combination switch and the remaining sets of combination switches form a loop, and the detection and control circuit provides multiple safety protections during the loop formation process. Therefore, the N sets of combination switches provided in this application correspond to different positions, and the two single-pole double-throw switches in each set of combination switches are used to realize the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. When the operator controls the fixed end of any single-pole double-throw switch to close with the corresponding normally open end in any position, a circuit is formed to realize multi-position operation motor control. Since the two single-pole double-throw switches in the same position are used to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor, the forward and reverse rotation of the motor can be controlled simultaneously by controlling the corresponding single-pole double-throw switches to realize multi-position operation motor control. Furthermore, the multi-position operation motor control circuit provided in this application is composed of N sets of combination switches, which has a simple circuit structure, is easy to operate, and has low cost.

[0068] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the detection control circuit 1 includes: a microcontroller 11, a relay 12, a relay drive circuit 13, a pulse voltage detection circuit 14, a current detection circuit 15, and a communication circuit 16.

[0069] The connection relationship of its detection control circuit is as follows: the first terminal of relay 12 is connected to the first terminal of pulse voltage detection circuit 14, and together they serve as the first terminal of detection control circuit 1 and the normally closed terminal of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the Nth set of combination switches. Figure 2 The relay 12 is connected to point A in the circuit; the second terminal of the relay 12 is connected to the first terminal of the relay drive circuit 13; the third terminal of the relay 12 is connected to the first terminal of the current detection circuit 15; the first terminal of the microcontroller 11 is connected to the second terminal of the pulse voltage detection circuit 14; the second terminal of the microcontroller 11 is connected to the second terminal of the relay drive circuit 13; the third terminal of the microcontroller 11 is connected to the second terminal of the current detection circuit 15; the fourth terminal of the microcontroller 11 is connected to the first terminal of the communication circuit 16; the third terminal of the current detection circuit 15 is grounded.

[0070] In a specific embodiment, the pulse voltage detection circuit 14 is used to detect the voltage on the upper part of the relay 12. Once a high voltage appears at point A on the upper part of the relay 12, it will transmit this voltage signal to the microcontroller 11. The current detection circuit 15 is both the current path for the motor 3 and is used to detect the operating current of the motor 3. It transmits the corresponding circuit signal (current overload signal) to the microcontroller 3. It should be noted that during the transmission process, the current signal is converted into a voltage signal, but this voltage signal is used to characterize the current state. The communication circuit 16 is used to receive external commands. When there is an external command to prohibit driving the motor, the microcontroller 11 will disconnect the relay 12 to prohibit the motor 3 from working. The relay drive circuit 13 and the relay 12, with the relay 12 mainly used for the protection of the motor 3 and to provide the working path for the motor 3. When there is a prohibition command on the communication circuit 16, or when the current detection circuit 15 detects an overload, the microcontroller 11 will not drive the relay 12 to achieve the protection of the motor 3 or other necessary protection functions. When there is no prohibition command on the communication circuit, it will be driven by the microcontroller 11 and activated to provide the current path for the operation of the motor 3. The microcontroller 11 is the central hub of the entire circuit, providing software logic for the control of the entire circuit. It mainly receives and analyzes the information provided by the pulse voltage detection circuit 14, the current detection circuit 15 and the communication circuit 16, and makes corresponding drives to the relay 12 and the relay drive circuit 13.

[0071] The operating logic and working principle of the multi-position operation motor control circuit, combined with detection and control circuit 1, are as follows:

[0072] 1. When there is no operation, the first power supply 2 is not fully connected to the motor 3 and ground, and the motor 3 is in a stopped state.

[0073] 2. Without any prohibition command on the communication circuit 16, close port b (fixed terminal) and port c (normally open terminal) of any single-pole double-throw switch. At this time, the first power supply 2 is connected to the circuit, and the voltage reaches point A, causing point A to rise from low voltage to high voltage. Then, it is recognized by the microcontroller 11 through the pulse voltage detection circuit 14. The microcontroller 11 will enable the relay 12 to be energized through the relay drive circuit 13. In this way, the drive circuit of the motor 3 is completely closed, and the motor enters the running state.

[0074] After the motor starts running, the voltage at point A will change from high to low due to the activation of relay 12. After the microcontroller 11 detects this voltage via pulse voltage detection circuit 14, it will use current detection circuit 15 to determine the current of motor 3. If the current is within the normal operating voltage range of motor 3, the microcontroller 11 will maintain the drive and activation of relay 12; otherwise, it will not drive relay 12, preventing motor 3 from running. The following are some possible scenarios:

[0075] Scenario 1: During the operation of motor 3, if the left 1 of the single-pole double-throw switch returns to its initial state, the working circuit of motor 3 will be open, the current will be reduced to 0, which is less than the normal working current of motor 3, the microcontroller 11 will stop driving the relay 12, and motor 3 will stop working.

[0076] Scenario 2: If the current is too low due to other reasons, the microcontroller 11 will also stop driving the relay 12, and the motor 3 will stop working.

[0077] Situation 3: If motor 3 is abnormal or stalled, and the operating current is too high, the microcontroller 11 will also stop driving the relay 12, and motor 3 will stop working.

[0078] In other words, if the operating current is too high or too low, the microcontroller 11 will stop driving the relay 12, and the working circuit of the motor 3 will be open, and the motor 3 will stop.

[0079] 3. Based on the presence of a prohibition command on the communication circuit 16, regardless of the action taken on the single-pole double-throw switch, the microcontroller 11 will not enable the relay 12 to engage through the relay drive circuit 13, thereby achieving the purpose of prohibiting the motor 3 from operating.

[0080] In addition, there is a timeout protection mechanism, with the following logic:

[0081] Firstly, under normal operating conditions (current within specifications), the maximum operating time of motor 3 can be set (maximum protection time for normal operation). After the time is reached, it will rest for a period of time (normal operation overtime protection time) before continuing to operate. The maximum operating time and rest time can be set as needed.

[0082] Secondly, under abnormal operating conditions (current outside specifications), if either single-pole double-throw switch's port b (fixed terminal) and port c (normally open terminal) remain closed, a high level will be detected at point A. The microcontroller 11 will then drive the relay 12 again, reactivating the motor 3. However, after multiple cycles (the pulse voltage detection circuit 14 typically detects the voltage 5 times), the system enters protection mode, ceasing to detect the voltage at point A and ceasing to activate the relay 12 to protect the motor 3. It takes a relatively long time (abnormal operation protection time, typically set to 30 seconds) to return to the initial state.

[0083] The circuit diagram of the detection control circuit 1 is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, it should be noted that each terminal of the microcontroller 11 is also the pin of the microcontroller 11, and in the N sets of combination switch connections, it also includes resistor R20 and capacitor C20, and the voltage corresponding to the first power supply 2 is 12V.

[0084] like Figure 3As shown, its pulse voltage detection circuit 14 includes: diode D1, first resistor R1, second resistor R2, and first capacitor C1. The connection relationship of its pulse voltage detection circuit 14 is as follows: the anode of diode D1 serves as the first terminal of the pulse voltage detection circuit 14, connected to the first terminal of relay 12 and the normally closed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches (left N and right N) in the Nth set of combination switches. Figure 3 Point A in the circuit is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R1; the cathode D1 of the diode is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R1; the second terminal of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor R2 and the first terminal of the first capacitor C1, and together they form the second terminal of the pulse voltage detection circuit 11, which is connected to the first terminal (first pin) of the microcontroller 11.

[0085] In a specific embodiment, diode D1 is used for reverse voltage protection, and the first resistor R1 is used for current limiting and voltage division with the second resistor R2 to protect the first terminal (first pin) of the microcontroller 11 from damage due to excessive voltage or current. Simultaneously, the second resistor R2 also acts as a pull-down resistor to prevent the upper circuit node A of the relay 12 from becoming floating or uncertain. The first capacitor C1 filters out stray electrical noise, ensuring good electromagnetic compatibility performance of the circuit.

[0086] like Figure 3 As shown, the relay driving circuit 13 includes: a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, and a first transistor T1. The connection relationships of the relay driving circuit 13 are as follows: the first terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the second power supply (the voltage corresponding to the second power supply is 12V); the second terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the collector of the first transistor T1, and together they serve as the first terminal of the relay driving circuit 13 connected to the second terminal of the relay 12; the base of the first transistor T1 is connected to the first terminals of the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5; the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4 serves as the second terminal of the relay driving circuit 13 connected to the second terminal (second pin) of the microcontroller 11; the emitter of the first transistor T1 is connected to the second terminal of the fifth resistor R5 and grounded.

[0087] In a specific embodiment, when the microcontroller 11 outputs a high level, the first transistor T1 will conduct, thereby energizing the relay 12; conversely, when the microcontroller 11 outputs a low level, the first transistor T1 will turn off, thereby releasing the relay 12. The function of the third resistor R3 is to absorb the induced voltage generated on the coil of the relay 12 when the first transistor T1 is turned off.

[0088] like Figure 3As shown, its current detection circuit 15 includes: a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a comparator U1, a tenth resistor R10, a fifth capacitor C5, and a sixth capacitor C6. The connection relationship of its current detection circuit 15 is as follows: the first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the first end of the second capacitor C2 and the first end of the seventh resistor R7, and together they form the first end of the current detection circuit 15, which is connected to the third end of the relay 12; the second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the second end of the second capacitor C2 and the first end of the eighth resistor R8, and is grounded; the second end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the first end of the third capacitor C3 and the non-inverting input of the comparator U1; the second end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the first end of the fourth capacitor C4, the inverting input of the comparator U1, and the first end of the ninth resistor R9. The second terminal of the third capacitor C3 and the second terminal of the fourth capacitor C4 are connected and grounded; the output terminal of comparator U1 is connected to the second terminal of the ninth resistor R9, the first terminal of the tenth resistor R10 and the first terminal of the sixth capacitor C6; the second terminal of the tenth resistor R10 serves as the second terminal of the current detection circuit 15 and is connected to the third terminal (third pin) of the microcontroller 11; the first terminal of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the third power supply (the voltage corresponding to the third power supply is 12V) and the first pin of comparator U1; the second terminal of the fifth capacitor C5, the second terminal of the sixth capacitor C6 and the second pin of comparator U1 are grounded.

[0089] In a specific embodiment, the sixth resistor R6 is an mΩ-level resistor. When the motor current passes through it, a voltage drop is generated. This voltage drop is amplified by an operational amplifier mainly composed of the seventh resistor R7, the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9, and comparator U1, and then transmitted to the microcontroller 11 via the tenth resistor R10. The second capacitor C2, the third capacitor C3, the fourth capacitor C4, and the sixth capacitor C6 are filter capacitors to reduce errors in the current amplification process. Comparator U1 is powered by a 12V power supply through the fifth capacitor C5. The tenth resistor R10 is an output series resistor, mainly used to protect the microcontroller 11.

[0090] besides, Figure 3 The circuit shown also includes peripheral circuits for the microcontroller, specifically: eleventh resistor R11, seventh capacitor C7, eighth capacitor C8, ninth capacitor C9, tenth capacitor C10, twelfth resistor R12, thirteenth resistor R13, eleventh capacitor C11, twelfth capacitor C12, and thirteenth capacitor C13.

[0091] The connection relationships are as follows: the first terminal of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the fourth power supply (the voltage corresponding to the fourth power supply is 5V); the second terminal of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the first terminal of the seventh capacitor C7, and is also connected to the fifth terminal (pin 5) of the microcontroller 11; the first terminal of the eighth capacitor C8 is connected to the sixth terminal (pin 6) of the microcontroller 11; the second terminals of the seventh capacitor C7 and the eighth capacitor C8 are grounded; the first terminal of the ninth capacitor C9 is connected to the seventh terminal (pin 7) of the microcontroller 11; the first terminal of the tenth capacitor C10 is connected to the eighth terminal (pin 8) of the microcontroller 11; the second terminals of the ninth capacitor C9 and the tenth capacitor C10 are connected and grounded; the eleventh... The first terminal of capacitor C11 is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12, the first terminal of the twelfth resistor R12, the first terminal of the thirteenth capacitor C13, the fifth power supply (the voltage corresponding to the fifth power supply is 5V), and the ninth terminal (pin 9) of microcontroller 11; the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor C11 is connected to the second terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12 and grounded; the second terminal of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the tenth terminal (pin 10) of microcontroller 11; the second terminal of the thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13 and the eleventh terminal (pin 11) of microcontroller 11 and grounded; the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the twelfth terminal (pin 12) of microcontroller 11.

[0092] In the above embodiments, the relevant components constitute the microcontroller power supply circuit 17, the microcontroller reset circuit and the system external circuit 18. The model of the microcontroller 11 can be R5F10968KSP#X0. Since the relevant components are essential parts for the operation of the microcontroller system, they will not be described in detail here.

[0093] It should be noted that the external instructions sent by the communication circuit 16 to the microcontroller 11 can be collision signals. For example, when a valid collision signal is received, the relay 12 is disabled to prevent the motor 3 from being driven.

[0094] It should also be noted that the embodiments provided in this application are only one possible implementation method, but are not limited to this only implementation method. Users can set their own implementation methods according to their needs.

[0095] Therefore, the N sets of combination switches provided in this application correspond to different positions, and the two single-pole double-throw switches in each set of combination switches are used to realize the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. When the operator controls the fixed end of any single-pole double-throw switch to close with the corresponding normally open end in any position, a circuit is formed to realize multi-position operation motor control. Since the two single-pole double-throw switches in the same position are used to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor, the forward and reverse rotation of the motor can be controlled simultaneously by controlling the corresponding single-pole double-throw switches to realize multi-position operation motor control. Furthermore, the multi-position operation motor control circuit provided in this application is composed of N sets of combination switches, which has a simple circuit structure, is easy to operate, and has low cost.

[0096] On the other hand, this application also provides a motor vehicle that includes the above-described multi-position operating motor control circuit and has the same beneficial effects.

[0097] Since the embodiments provided in this application are the same as the embodiments of the multi-position operation motor control circuit described above, they will not be described again here.

[0098] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a multi-position operation motor control circuit and a motor vehicle provided in this application. The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to in the method section. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

[0099] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

Claims

1. A multi-position operation motor control circuit, characterized in that, include: N sets of combination switches, wherein each combination switch includes two single-pole double-throw switches, and N is an integer greater than 1; In the first set of combined switches, the fixed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the first and second terminals of the motor; in the Xth set of combined switches, the fixed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the normally closed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the (X-1)th set of combined switches, where X is an integer not less than 2; in the Nth set of combined switches, the normally closed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches are connected and connected to the first terminal of the detection and control circuit; in each set of combined switches, the normally open terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches are connected and connected to the corresponding first power supply. When the fixed terminal of any of the single-pole double-throw switches is closed with the corresponding normally open terminal, the corresponding combination switch and the other sets of combination switches form a circuit, and the detection and control circuit provides multiple safety protections during the circuit formation process.

2. The multi-position operation motor control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection and control circuit includes: a microcontroller, a relay, a relay drive circuit, a pulse voltage detection circuit, a current detection circuit, and a communication circuit; The first terminal of the relay is connected to the first terminal of the pulse voltage detection circuit, and together they serve as the first terminal of the detection control circuit, which is connected to the normally closed terminal of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the Nth set of the combined switches; the second terminal of the relay is connected to the first terminal of the relay drive circuit; and the third terminal of the relay is connected to the first terminal of the current detection circuit. The first terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the second terminal of the pulse voltage detection circuit; the second terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the second terminal of the relay drive circuit; the third terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the second terminal of the current detection circuit; and the fourth terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the first terminal of the communication circuit. The third terminal of the current detection circuit is grounded; The microcontroller is used to receive the voltage signal detected by the pulse voltage detection circuit, the current overload signal detected by the current detection circuit, and the external command received by the communication circuit, and sends corresponding control commands to the relay driving circuit according to the voltage signal, the current overload signal, and the external command, so that the relay driving circuit controls the closing or opening of the relay according to the control command.

3. The multi-position operation motor control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pulse voltage detection circuit includes: a diode, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a first capacitor; Wherein, the anode of the diode serves as the first terminal of the pulse voltage detection circuit and is connected to the first terminal of the relay and the normally closed terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches in the Nth set of the combined switches; The cathode of the diode is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor; The second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor and the first end of the first capacitor, and together they serve as the second end of the pulse voltage detection circuit connected to the first end of the microcontroller.

4. The multi-position operation motor control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The relay driving circuit includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, and a first transistor; Wherein, the first end of the third resistor is connected to the second power supply; the second end of the third resistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor, and together they serve as the first end of the relay drive circuit connected to the second end of the relay. The base of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor and the first terminal of the fifth resistor; The second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the second end of the microcontroller as the second end of the relay driving circuit. The emitter of the first transistor is connected to the second terminal of the fifth resistor and grounded.

5. The multi-position operation motor control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current detection circuit includes: a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, and a comparator; Wherein, the first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the second capacitor and the first end of the seventh resistor, and together they serve as the first end of the current detection circuit connected to the third end of the relay; The second terminal of the sixth resistor is connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor and the first terminal of the eighth resistor, and is grounded; The second terminal of the seventh resistor is connected to the first terminal of the third capacitor and the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator; The second end of the eighth resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth capacitor, the inverting input of the comparator, and the first end of the ninth resistor; The second terminal of the third capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth capacitor and grounded; The output terminal of the comparator is connected to the second terminal of the ninth resistor, and together they serve as the second terminal of the current detection circuit, which is connected to the third terminal of the microcontroller.

6. The multi-position operation motor control circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The current detection circuit further includes: a tenth resistor, a fifth capacitor, and a sixth capacitor; The first terminal of the fifth capacitor is connected to the third power supply and the first pin of the comparator. The first terminal of the tenth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the sixth capacitor and the output terminal of the comparator; The second terminal of the tenth resistor is connected to the third terminal of the microcontroller; The second terminal of the fifth capacitor and the second terminal of the sixth capacitor are grounded.

7. The multi-position operation motor control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: Eleventh resistor, seventh capacitor, and eighth capacitor; The first end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the fourth power source; The second end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the first end of the seventh capacitor and to the fifth end of the microcontroller. The first terminal of the eighth capacitor is connected to the sixth terminal of the microcontroller; The second terminal of the seventh capacitor and the second terminal of the eighth capacitor are grounded.

8. The multi-position operation motor control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: Ninth and tenth capacitors; The first terminal of the ninth capacitor is connected to the seventh terminal of the microcontroller. The first terminal of the tenth capacitor is connected to the eighth terminal of the microcontroller; The second terminal of the ninth capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the tenth capacitor and grounded.

9. The multi-position operation motor control circuit according to any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that, Also includes: The twelfth resistor, the thirteenth resistor, the eleventh capacitor, the twelfth capacitor, and the thirteenth capacitor; The first terminal of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor, the first terminal of the twelfth resistor, the first terminal of the thirteenth capacitor, the fifth power supply, and the ninth terminal of the microcontroller. The second terminal of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the twelfth capacitor and grounded; The second terminal of the twelfth resistor is connected to the tenth terminal of the microcontroller; The second terminal of the thirteenth capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor and the eleventh terminal of the microcontroller, and is grounded; The second end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the twelfth end of the microcontroller.

10. A motor vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the multi-position operation motor control circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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