Laminated glass

Abstract

This laminated glass is provided with bent first and second glass plates, and an intermediate film. The first glass plate is provided with a third surface and a fourth surface, and the second glass plate is provided with a first surface and a second surface; the fourth surface is the surface of the first glass plate on the side opposite to the intermediate film, and the first surface is the surface of the second glass plate on the side opposite to the intermediate film; the laminated glass is provided with a coating film, a shielding layer and an information transmitting and receiving area; the coating film is arranged on any one of the second to fourth surfaces; the shielding layer is arranged on the side closer to the first surface than the coating film; the information transmitting and receiving region is a region where a first opening provided in the shielding layer overlaps a second opening provided in the coating film. The visible light reflectivity of the coating film is more than 10% when visible light of P polarized light with an incident angle of 65 degrees enters; a first end surface of the shielding layer defining the first opening portion is located at a position closer to the inner side than a second end surface of the coating film defining the second opening portion; the shortest distance d [mm] between the first end face and the second end face satisfies the following formula (1). D > = 3.5 * de + 1 and d < = 10... (1), and de is the absolute value of the difference between the radiance of the coating film and the radiance of the single glass plate of the first glass plate and the second glass plate provided with the coating film.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to laminated glass. Background Technology

[0002] In head-up displays (HUDs), in order to improve image brightness and ensure visibility when wearing polarized sunglasses, there is a technique of setting a coating film on the laminated glass to reflect P-polarized light so that P-polarized light can be incident.

[0003] In addition, there are technologies that use information devices such as in-vehicle cameras to construct driver assistance systems. In this case, an information transceiver area is provided in, for example, the upper center of the laminated glass, for the information devices to send and receive information. Because high optical quality is required for the information transceiver area, a solution has been proposed that the information transceiver area not have a coating film.

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Patent documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2022 / 122640 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] Simply omitting the coating film in the information transmission and reception area is insufficient to achieve high optical quality. For example, if the emissivity of the glass plate and the coating film in laminated glass differs, perspective distortion will occur near the end of the coating film in the information transmission and reception area during the bending and shaping of the glass plate, thus degrading the optical quality of that area.

[0009] The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to reduce the perspective distortion in the information transmission and reception area of ​​laminated glass.

[0010] means of solving technical problems

[0011] One disclosed embodiment of laminated glass comprises a curved first glass plate, a curved second glass plate, and an interlayer film located between and bonding the first and second glass plates; wherein the first glass plate has a third and a fourth surface, and the second glass plate has a first and a second surface; the fourth surface is the surface of the first glass plate opposite to the interlayer film, the third surface is the surface of the first glass plate facing the interlayer film, the second surface is the surface of the second glass plate facing the interlayer film, and the first surface is the surface of the second glass plate opposite to the interlayer film; and the laminated glass has a coating film for shielding. The coating film is disposed on the second surface, the third surface, or the fourth surface; the shielding layer is disposed on a side closer to the first surface than the coating film; the information transceiver area is the area where the first opening on the shielding layer and the second opening on the coating film overlap when viewed from above; the visible light reflectance of the coating film is greater than 10% when visible light of P-polarized light with an incident angle of 65 degrees is incident; when viewed from above, the first end face of the shielding layer of the first opening is located at a position further inward than the second end face of the coating film of the second opening; when viewed from above, the shortest distance d [mm] between the first end face and the second end face satisfies the following formula (1). d≥3.5×de+1 and d≤10……(1), where, in formula (1), de is the absolute value of the difference between the emissivity of the coating film and the emissivity of a single glass plate in the first glass plate and the second glass plate having the coating film.

[0012] Invention Effects

[0013] According to one disclosed embodiment, even when a coating film reflecting P-polarized light is provided on the laminated glass, the perspective distortion in the information transmission and reception area of ​​the laminated glass can be reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the HUD system of the first embodiment.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the laminated glass of the first embodiment (one of them).

[0016] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the laminated glass of the first embodiment (second example).

[0017] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating a modified example 1 of the first embodiment of the laminated glass.

[0018] Figure 5This is a diagram illustrating a modified example 2 of the first embodiment of the laminated glass.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating a modified example 3 of the first embodiment of the laminated glass.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating a modified example 4 of the first embodiment of the laminated glass.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a diagram (one of) illustrating the embodiments and comparative examples.

[0022] Figure 9 This is a second figure illustrating the embodiments and comparative examples.

[0023] Figure 10 Figure (third one) illustrates the embodiments and comparative examples. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments for carrying out the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same symbols are used to label the same components, and repeated descriptions of the same components are sometimes omitted. Furthermore, in the drawings, the size or shape of some parts is sometimes exaggerated to facilitate understanding of the invention.

[0025] In addition, "vehicle" typically refers to automobiles, but also includes moving bodies that can carry laminated glass, such as trams, ships, and airplanes.

[0026] In addition, the so-called top view refers to observing the object from the direction of the normal line passing through the center of gravity of the object's main surface. The shape seen at this time is called the planar shape.

[0027] Additionally, the terms "up" and "down" refer to the upper and lower parts of the laminated glass when it is installed on the vehicle.

[0028] In addition, the outermost edge of a specified component is called the "periphery", and the area in the specified component that is connected to the "periphery" and has width is called the "periphery portion".

[0029] <First Implementation Method>

[0030] [HUD System]

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the HUD system of the first embodiment. Figure 1 The HUD system 1 shown includes a laminated glass 10, a light source 50, a first optical system 60, an image display element 70, a second optical system 80, and a concave mirror 90. The HUD system 1 is a head-up display system for vehicles that displays a virtual image on the outside of the laminated glass 10. Furthermore, the first optical system 60 and the second optical system 80 in the HUD system 1 can be configured as needed.

[0032] The laminated glass 10 is, for example, a windshield for a vehicle, where P-polarized visible light is incident from the inside of the vehicle. The laminated glass 10 has a coating film 15 in the area where the P-polarized visible light, reflected by the concave mirror 90, is incident. The coating film 15 can be formed on the entire surface of the laminated glass 10, or only on a portion of the laminated glass 10. The coating film 15 only needs to be formed in the area illuminated by the P-polarized light emitted from the light source 50; the edges of the coating film 15 can also be formed near the outer periphery of the laminated glass 10 or above or near the shielding layer to make the edges inconspicuous.

[0033] Light source 50 is a source of visible light that emits P-polarized light, such as a light-emitting diode or a laser. Light source 50 may also include optical components such as polarizers or lenses that convert S-polarized light into P-polarized light. Light source 50 may, for example, consist of three light sources: a red light source, a green light source, and a blue light source.

[0034] The first optical system 60 is, for example, composed of a prism or lens that combines light emitted from multiple light sources. The image display element 70 is an element that generates an intermediate image, such as a liquid crystal display element or an organic light-emitting element. The second optical system 80 is, for example, composed of a lens or a mirror. The concave mirror 90 is an optical component that reflects an intermediate image using a reflective surface with a predetermined curvature, and is positioned closest to the laminated glass 10 among the optical components arranged in the optical path between the light source 50 and the laminated glass 10.

[0035] In HUD system 1, light emitted from light source 50 reaches image display element 70 via first optical system 60, forming an intermediate image on image display element 70. The intermediate image formed on image display element 70 is magnified by second optical system 80 and concave mirror 90 and illuminates coating film 15 of laminated glass 10. The intermediate image illuminating coating film 15 is mainly reflected by coating film 15 and guided to the occupant's viewpoint I, where the occupant recognizes the intermediate image as a virtual image V (HUD image) in front of laminated glass 10. The occupant is, for example, the driver of the vehicle.

[0036] Figure 1 In this context, θ is the angle of incidence when visible light of P-polarized light emitted from light source 50 enters the coating film 15 via the optical system specified above. The angle of incidence θ can be 57 degrees (Brewster's angle), and can be greater than 57 degrees or less than 57 degrees.

[0037] Furthermore, as long as the HUD system 1 has at least a laminated glass 10 and a light source 50, other structures can be arbitrary. The HUD system 1 can also be a laser scanning method, for example, by scanning a laser using an optical scanning unit composed of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems).

[0038] Laminated glass

[0039] Figure 2 This is a diagram (one) illustrating the laminated glass of the first embodiment, which schematically shows the view from inside the vehicle to the outside through the laminated glass. Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the laminated glass of the first embodiment (second example). Figure 3 (a) is magnified. Figure 2 The image shows the information transmission and reception area of ​​the laminated glass and its vicinity. Figure 3 (b) is along Figure 3 (a) Sectional view of line AA.

[0040] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the laminated glass 10 is a vehicle-use laminated glass comprising a first glass plate 11, a second glass plate 12, and an interlayer film 13 located between and bonding the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. The laminated glass 10 also includes a shielding layer 14A, a coating film 15, and an information transmission / reception area 16. The laminated glass 10 can be applied, for example, to the windshield of a vehicle.

[0041] The first glass panel 11 and the second glass panel 12 are bonded together by an interlayer film 13. The first glass panel 11 is configured to become the first side of the vehicle interior when the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle, and the second glass panel 12 is configured to become the second side of the vehicle exterior when the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle.

[0042] The laminated glass 10 may be, for example, a multi-curved shape that bends in both the vertical and horizontal directions when mounted on a vehicle. However, the multi-curved shape is not limited to a shape that bends in both the vertical and horizontal directions when mounted on a vehicle, but also includes shapes that bend in any two or more different directions. Alternatively, the laminated glass 10 may also be a single-curved shape that bends only in one of the vertical or horizontal directions when mounted on a vehicle. However, the single-curved shape is not limited to a shape that bends only in one of the vertical or horizontal directions when mounted on a vehicle, but also includes shapes that bend in only one direction.

[0043] The laminated glass 10 is preferably bent to bulge outwards from the vehicle. That is, the second glass plate 12 is preferably bent to bulge to the side opposite to the interlayer film 13, and the first glass plate 11 is preferably bent to bulge towards the interlayer film 13.

[0044] The first glass panel 11 is the interior glass panel of the vehicle interior (first side) when the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle. The first glass panel 11 is curved. The first glass panel 11 has a fourth surface 114 located on the side opposite to the interlayer film 13 and a third surface 113 facing the interlayer film 13. The first glass panel 11 has a top edge, a bottom edge, and two side edges connecting the top edge and the bottom edge when viewed from above.

[0045] The second glass panel 12 is the exterior glass panel of the vehicle (second side) when the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle. The second glass panel 12 is curved. The second glass panel 12 has a second surface 122 facing the interlayer film 13 and a first surface 121 located on the opposite side of the interlayer film 13. Like the first glass panel 11, the second glass panel 12 has a top edge, a bottom edge, and two side edges connecting the top edge and the bottom edge when viewed from above.

[0046] In the laminated glass 10, the minimum radius of curvature is preferably between 500 mm and 100,000 mm. The radii of curvature of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 may be the same or different. When the radii of curvature of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are different, it is preferable that the radius of curvature of the first glass plate 11 is smaller than that of the second glass plate 12.

[0047] The first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are a pair of glass plates facing each other, with an intermediate film 13 located between them. The first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are fixed in a manner that clamps the intermediate film 13. The intermediate film 13 is a film that adheres the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12.

[0048] The outer peripheral side of the interlayer film 13 is preferably treated with edge treatment. That is, the outer peripheral side of the interlayer film 13 is preferably treated so that it does not protrude significantly from the outer peripheral side of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. If the amount of protrusion of the outer peripheral side of the interlayer film 13 from the outer peripheral side of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is less than 150 μm, it is suitable from the perspective of not impairing the appearance. The first glass plate 11, the second glass plate 12 and the interlayer film 13 will be described in detail later.

[0049] The shielding layer 14A is an opaque layer, and may be formed in a strip along the periphery of the laminated glass 10. The shielding layer 14A is disposed on a side closer to the first surface 121 than the coating film 15. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the example, the shielding layer 14A is disposed at the periphery of the second surface 122 of the second glass plate 12.

[0050] The shielding layer can also be disposed on the periphery of the fourth surface 114 of the first glass panel 11, or on both the periphery of the second surface 122 of the second glass panel 12 and the periphery of the fourth surface 114 of the first glass panel 11. In these cases, at least one shielding layer is disposed on a side closer to the first surface 121 than the coating film 15. By disposing the shielding layer on a side closer to the first surface 121 than the coating film 15, the end of the coating film 15 is less likely to be seen from outside the vehicle.

[0051] The masking layer 14A is, for example, an opaque colored ceramic layer. The color can be arbitrary, but dark colors such as black, brown, gray, and navy blue are preferred, with black being more preferable. The masking layer 14A can be formed, for example, by applying a ceramic color paste containing molten glass frit with black pigment to a glass plate using screen printing or similar methods, followed by firing. However, the method of forming the masking layer 14A is not limited to this. The masking layer 14A can also be formed, for example, by applying an organic ink containing black or dark pigment to a glass plate using screen printing or similar methods, followed by drying.

[0052] The shielding layer 14A can be a colored intermediate film or colored film with light-shielding properties, a combination of a colored intermediate film and a colored ceramic layer, or a layer with light-switching function. The colored film can be integrated with an infrared reflective film, etc. The shielding layer 14A can also be disposed on the intermediate film 13. In this case, there are no particular restrictions on the material of the shielding layer 14A as long as it is a material that reduces visible light transmittance, and examples include materials containing dyes, inorganic pigments, and organic pigments. Among them, inorganic or organic pigments are preferred because they have a low probability of fading due to long-term use, and inorganic pigments are preferred because of their excellent lightfastness. Examples of organic pigments include black pigments such as aniline black and red pigments such as alizarin lake. Examples of inorganic pigments include carbon pigments and metal oxide pigments. Examples include: carbon black, ivory black, mascara black, pitch black, lamp black, magnetite-type iron oxide and other black pigments, amber, etc. Burnt brown (バーントアンバー), yellowish brown (イエローウォーカー) , Van Dyke brown (ヴァンダイクブラウン), ocher (シェンナ), burnt Brown pigments such as ochre (バーントシェンナ), red pigments such as Bengal red, molybdenum red (モリブデンレッド), cadmium red (カドミウムレッド), chrome orange ( Orange pigments such as lead yellow and chrome vermilion; blue pigments such as ultramarine, navy blue, cobalt blue, and sky blue; green pigments such as chromium oxide, emerald green, jade green, and cobalt green; yellow pigments such as lead yellow, cadmium yellow, iron oxide yellow, and titanium yellow; and purple pigments such as manganese violet and mineral violet. These colorants can be used one or more in combination.

[0053] The width of the shielding layer 14A when viewed from above can be appropriately set. Outside the information transceiver area, it is, for example, about 10mm to 250mm, preferably 20mm to 220mm, and more preferably 30mm to 200mm. By having an opaque shielding layer 14A on the laminated glass 10, the adhesive used to hold the bracket for fixing the information transceiver device on the laminated glass 10 and the adhesive made of resin such as polyurethane used to hold the periphery of the laminated glass 10 on the vehicle body can be prevented from deteriorating due to ultraviolet light, and the adhesive portion is not visible from outside the vehicle, thus resulting in a good appearance.

[0054] A head-up display (HUD) area R for use with a head-up display is defined on a portion of the laminated glass 10. The HUD display area R is the area where P-polarized light can be incident from the side of the first glass plate 11. The HUD display area R is not limited to one location; for example, when viewed from above, it can be separately arranged in multiple locations in the vertical direction within the laminated glass 10, or it can be separately arranged in multiple locations in the horizontal direction.

[0055] The HUD display area R reflects projected images from inside the vehicle to display information. The HUD display area R is the area on the laminated glass 10 illuminated by light emitted from the light source 50 when the HUD display position is moved within the field of view based on SAE J1757-2 (2018). The HUD display area R is, for example, located on the lower side of the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11.

[0056] A coating film 15 is disposed on the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11 in the HUD display area R and its vicinity. When the coating film 15 is disposed on the fourth surface 114, the brightness of the HUD image can be maximized. However, this is only one example; the coating film 15 can also be disposed on the second surface 122 of the second glass plate 12, the third surface 113 of the first glass plate 11, or the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11. For example, the case where the coating film 15 is disposed on the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11 has advantages in terms of reflectivity and reflection characteristics compared to the case where the coating film 15 is disposed on the third surface 113 of the first glass plate 11. This is because, when the coating film 15 is disposed on the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11, almost all reflections occur on the fourth surface 114, thus preventing image interference caused by reflections from multiple surfaces or ghosting caused by optical path differences.

[0057] The coating film 15 can be configured to cover the entire HUD display area R, or it can be configured on the entire laminated glass 10 (except for the information transmission and reception area). Figure 2 and Figure 3In the example, the coating film 15 is disposed on the entire laminated glass 10. Disposing the coating film 15 on the entire laminated glass 10 is preferred in that the boundary between the area where the coating film 15 is disposed and its surrounding area is not visible.

[0058] The coating film 15 is a film that reflects visible light from P-polarized light incident on the concave mirror 90 toward the interior of the vehicle. The coating film 15 is transparent to visible light. The thickness of the coating film 15 is, for example, 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less. The visible light reflectance Rva of the coating film 15 is 10% or more when P-polarized visible light is incident at an incident angle of 65 degrees. Furthermore, the visible light reflectance Rva is calculated by measuring the spectroscopic reflectance as described in ISO 9050:2003 using P-polarized visible wavelength light with an incident angle of θ = 65 degrees as the incident light, and then calculating the visible light reflectance according to the calculation method described in ISO 9050:2003.

[0059] The coating film 15 preferably has a reflectivity of 10% or higher at an incident light wavelength of 1500 nm. Therefore, the coating film 15 can reflect infrared radiation from outside the vehicle, thus reducing the increase in interior temperature caused by infrared radiation.

[0060] Examples of coating film 15 include films with a stacked structure of high-refractive-index films and low-refractive-index films, films with a stacked structure of metal films such as silver and dielectric films, infrared reflective films, and Low-e films composed of transparent conductive films such as ITO. From the viewpoint of maintaining a high level of P-polarized light reflectivity, films with a stacked structure of high-refractive-index films and low-refractive-index films are preferred. When the high-refractive-index film / low-refractive-index film has a two-layer structure, for example, it is stacked in sequence on the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11. When the high-refractive-index film / low-refractive-index film has a three-layer or higher structure, the high-refractive-index film and low-refractive-index film are stacked alternately in any order on the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11. The thickness (geometric thickness) of the coating film 15 is preferably 150 nm or more and 250 nm or less, more preferably 170 nm or more and 250 nm or less, and even more preferably 180 nm or more and 200 nm or less.

[0061] The refractive index of the high-refractive-index film at a wavelength of 550 nm is 1.8 or higher, or 1.9 or higher, or 2.0 or higher, or 2.1 or higher, preferably below 2.5. The refractive index of the low-refractive-index film at a wavelength of 550 nm is typically less than 1.8, or below 1.7, or below 1.6, preferably above 1.2.

[0062] Specifically, the high refractive index film preferably comprises at least one of the following: oxides of Zr, Nb, and Sn; mixed oxides of Ti, Zr, Nb, Si, Sb, Sn, Zn, and In; nitrides of Si and Zr; and mixed nitrides of Si and Zr. Additionally, the low refractive index film preferably contains at least one of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, or a mixture thereof. Examples of mixed oxides include mixed oxides of silicon and aluminum, and mixed oxides of silicon and zirconium.

[0063] The first layer of the high-refractive-index film optionally comprises one or more sub-layers. The thickness (geometric thickness) of the first layer of the high-refractive-index film is preferably 50 nm or more and 100 nm or less, particularly preferably 60 nm or more and 80 nm or less. The first layer of the low-refractive-index film optionally comprises one or more sub-layers. The thickness (geometric thickness) of the first layer of the low-refractive-index film is preferably 70 nm or more and 160 nm or less, particularly preferably 100 nm or more and 140 nm or less.

[0064] The information transceiver area 16 is the area where the first opening 141 provided on the shielding layer 14A and the second opening 151 provided on the coating film 15 overlap when viewed from above. In the description of the information transceiver area 16, "viewing from above" refers to the direction of the normal to the fourth surface 114 exposed from within the second opening 151, i.e., from... Figure 3 Observe in the direction of arrow N. Additionally... Figure 3 (a) is a top view of the information transmission and reception area 16 and its vicinity, viewed from the direction of arrow N.

[0065] The information transceiver area 16 is, for example, located at the upper periphery of the laminated glass 10. The information transceiver area 16 is, for example, an area for transmitting and / or receiving information by information devices that process visible light, such as visible light cameras or illuminance sensors, or information devices that process infrared light, such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems. That is, when the laminated glass 10 is mounted on a vehicle, information devices can be installed on the interior side of the information transceiver area 16. To achieve high optical quality and good information transmission and reception, no coating film 15 is provided within the information transceiver area 16.

[0066] With the laminated glass 10 installed in the vehicle, the maximum horizontal width of the information transceiver area 16 is preferably 200 mm or more. This allows the information device to acquire information from a wider angle. Furthermore, a maximum horizontal width of 200 mm or more significantly reduces perspective distortion of the information transceiver area 16 according to the effects of the present invention. The maximum vertical width of the information transceiver area 16 is more preferably 70 mm or more, and even more preferably 100 mm or more. This allows the information device to acquire information from a wider angle. Furthermore, a maximum vertical width of 70 mm or more significantly reduces perspective distortion of the information transceiver area 16 according to the effects of the present invention.

[0067] Viewed from above, the first end face 142 of the shielding layer 14A of the first opening 141 is located further inward than the second end face 152 of the coating film 15 of the second opening 151. Furthermore, viewed from above, the shortest distance d [mm] between the first end face 142 and the second end face 152 satisfies the following equation (1): d ≥ 3.5 × de + 1 and d ≤ 10 … (1), where, in equation (1), de is the absolute value of the difference between the emissivity of the coating film 15 and the emissivity of a single glass plate in the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 on which the coating film 15 is provided. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the example, since the coating film 15 is applied to the first glass plate 11, de is the absolute value of the difference between the emissivity of the coating film 15 and the emissivity of the first glass plate 11 as a whole (i.e., the emissivity of the first glass plate 11 before the coating film 15 was applied). Furthermore, the shortest distance d is measured along the shape of the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11. To achieve the effects of the present invention, de is preferably 0.01 or higher. De being 0.05 or higher makes the effects of the present invention more significant, and de being 0.1 or higher further enhances the effects of the present invention.

[0068] When the emissivity of the coating film 15 differs from that of the glass plate on which the coating film 15 is applied (here, the first glass plate 11), and the glass plate is bent into shape by heating after the coating film 15 is formed on the first glass plate 11, the curvature of the glass changes at the boundary between the presence and absence of the coating film 15 due to the temperature difference caused by the presence or absence of the coating film 15. The difference in the light path when viewing this area with different curvatures leads to perspective distortion. Specifically, in the area near the second end face 152 of the first glass plate 11 exposed inside the second opening 151 of the coating film 15, perspective distortion occurs corresponding to the absolute value of the difference in emissivity between the coating film 15 and the first glass plate 11, and this area cannot meet the requirements for high optical quality.

[0069] Therefore, for the laminated glass 10, as described above, the shortest distance d [mm] between the first end face 142 and the second end face 152 when viewed from above satisfies equation (1). Thus, even if the absolute value of the difference in emissivity between the coating film 15 and the first glass plate 11 increases and the area prone to perspective distortion widens, the shortest distance d can be increased to shield the area prone to perspective distortion with the shielding layer 14A. Therefore, perspective distortion in the information transmission and reception area 16 can be reduced, resulting in an information transmission and reception area 16 that meets high optical quality requirements. d ≤ 10 is set because within this range, the shielding layer 14A can sufficiently shield the area prone to perspective distortion. Furthermore, equation (1) is derived from the results of various experiments repeatedly conducted by the inventors.

[0070] The emissivity of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is, for example, about 0.8 or higher and 0.9 or lower. In contrast, the emissivity of the coating film 15 is 0.35 or higher. The emissivity of the coating film 15 is preferably 0.4 or higher, more preferably 0.5 or higher, 0.6 or higher, 0.75 or higher, and even more preferably 0.8 or higher. In addition, when the shielding layer 14A is a colored ceramic layer, the emissivity of the colored ceramic layer can be higher than the emissivity of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 individually. The emissivity can be measured according to EN673:2011.

[0071] The smaller the absolute value of the difference in emissivity between the coating film 15 and the glass plate on which the coating film 15 is applied, the more the perspective distortion in the information transceiver area 16 can be reduced. In particular, by satisfying equation (1), even if the absolute value of the difference in emissivity between the coating film 15 and the glass plate on which the coating film 15 is applied increases, the perspective distortion in the information transceiver area 16 can still be reduced.

[0072] Typically, in a HUD system with a coating film 15, the light source or optical system is positioned such that the incident angle of P-polarized light incident on the coating film 15 is around 57 degrees. However, in a HUD system with a coating film 15, the incident angle θ may sometimes deviate from 57 degrees because the location where the light source or optical system can be placed inside the vehicle is limited.

[0073] In response, within the HUD display area R, the interlayer film 13 can have a wedge-shaped region with a thickness that gradually increases from the lower edge to the upper edge of the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11 when the laminated glass 10 is mounted on the vehicle. By incident P-polarized light onto the wedge-shaped region of the interlayer film 13, even when the incident angle θ deviates from 57 degrees, the distance between the main image and the ghost image can be reduced, allowing the main image and the ghost image to approximately overlap, thus making the ghost image less noticeable.

[0074] Furthermore, the prominence of ghosting varies depending on the projection distance of the HUD image. The projection distance of the HUD image is preferably 2m or more, more preferably 3m or more, further preferably 5m or more, and particularly preferably 10m or more. Here, the projection distance of the HUD image refers to the distance from the center of the field of view to the focal position of the virtual image V, based on SAE J 1757-2 (2018). The method for measuring the HUD focal length is based on SAE J 1757-2 (2018). If the projection distance of the HUD image increases, the ghosting will become darker, and the deviation of the ghosting from the main image will be suppressed, thus making the ghosting less noticeable. Moreover, a longer projection distance of the HUD image brings the HUD image closer to the focal length required for the driver to move, thereby improving the visibility of the HUD image.

[0075] The first glass plate 11, the second glass plate 12, and the intermediate film 13 will be described in detail below.

[0076] [glass plate]

[0077] The first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 can be either inorganic glass or organic glass. As inorganic glass, examples include soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, quartz glass, etc., with no particular limitation. From the viewpoint of scratch resistance, inorganic glass is preferred for the second glass plate 12 located outside the laminated glass 10; from the viewpoint of formability, soda-lime glass is preferred. When the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are soda-lime glass, transparent glass, green glass containing a specified amount or more of iron, or dark green glass can be suitably used. Alternatively, glass that absorbs ultraviolet or infrared radiation can be used; transparent glass is further preferred, but glass plates tinted to the point of not impairing transparency can also be used.

[0078] Inorganic glass can be either unstrengthened glass or strengthened glass. Unstrengthened glass is made by forming molten glass into a flat sheet and then annealing it. Strengthened glass is obtained by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of unstrengthened glass. Furthermore, in the case of strengthened glass, residual stress can be reduced by distributing stress isotropically.

[0079] Tempered glass can be either physically strengthened glass, such as air-cooled strengthened glass, or chemically strengthened glass. In the case of physically strengthened glass, the glass surface can be strengthened by operations other than annealing, such as rapidly cooling a uniformly heated glass sheet from a temperature near its softening point during bending and forming, utilizing the temperature difference between the glass surface and the interior of the glass to create a compressive stress layer on the glass surface.

[0080] In the case of chemically strengthened glass, the glass surface can be strengthened by inducing compressive stress on the glass surface, for example, by using ion exchange after bending.

[0081] On the other hand, materials used for plexiglass include polycarbonate, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, and transparent resins such as polystyrene.

[0082] The first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are not limited to trapezoidal or rectangular shapes, but can be processed into various shapes and curvatures. The bending and forming of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 can be carried out by gravity forming, pressure forming, roll forming, etc. There are no particular limitations on the forming method of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. For example, in the case of inorganic glass, glass plates formed by float glass or the like are preferred.

[0083] The thickness of the second glass plate 12, at its thinnest point, is preferably 1.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less. A thickness of 1.1 mm or more provides sufficient strength and resistance to flying stones, while a thickness of 3 mm or less ensures that the weight of the laminated glass 10 is not excessive, which is preferable from a fuel consumption perspective. More preferably, the thickness of the second glass plate 12, at its thinnest point, is 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less; even more preferably, it is 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less; even more preferably, it is 1.8 mm or more and 2.2 mm or less; and even more preferably, it is 1.8 mm or more and 2.1 mm or less.

[0084] The thickness of the first glass plate 11 is preferably between 0.3 mm and 2.3 mm. A thickness of 0.3 mm or more ensures good operability, while a thickness of 2.3 mm or less ensures that the weight is not too heavy.

[0085] Furthermore, if the thickness of the first glass plate 11 is not suitable, and the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are formed as two pieces of glass with particularly large curvature, the shapes of the two pieces will be mismatched, which will have a great impact on the glass quality such as residual stress after pressing.

[0086] However, by making the thickness of the first glass plate 11 between 0.3 mm and 2.3 mm, glass quality such as residual stress can be maintained. Making the thickness of the first glass plate 11 between 0.3 mm and 2.3 mm is particularly effective for maintaining the glass quality of glass with a large curvature. Furthermore, the thickness of the first glass plate 11 is more preferably between 0.5 mm and 2.2 mm, and even more preferably between 0.7 mm and 2.1 mm. Within this range, the aforementioned effects become even more significant.

[0087] The outer side of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 12 may be provided with a coating that has water-repellent, ultraviolet or infrared blocking functions, or a coating that has low reflectivity and low radiation characteristics. In addition, the side of the first glass plate 11 and / or the second glass plate 12 that is in contact with the intermediate film 13 may also be provided with a coating that has ultraviolet or infrared blocking, low radiation characteristics, visible light absorption, coloring, etc.

[0088] When the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are inorganic glasses with a curved shape, the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 can be bent into shape after being formed by float glass or the like, and before being bonded by an intermediate film 13. Bending is performed by heating to soften the glass. The heating temperature of the glass during bending can be controlled in the range of about 550°C to 700°C.

[0089] [Intermediate membrane]

[0090] As the interlayer 13, thermoplastic resins are commonly used, such as plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, ionomer resins, and other thermoplastic resins conventionally used for this purpose. Furthermore, resin compositions containing modified block copolymer hydrogenates as described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221 are also suitable.

[0091] Considering the excellent balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, thermal insulation, and sound insulation, plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins are suitable. These thermoplastic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The term "plasticized" in the context of plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins indicates that plasticization can be achieved by adding plasticizers. The same meaning applies to other plasticized resins.

[0092] However, when a specific substance is encapsulated in the intermediate film 13, depending on the type of substance, it may deteriorate due to a specific plasticizer. In this case, it is preferable to use a resin that is substantially free of such plasticizer. Examples of plasticizer-free resins include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resins.

[0093] Examples of polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins include polyvinyl alcohol formal resins obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with formaldehyde, polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins (in the narrow sense) obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde, and polyvinyl alcohol butyral (PVB) resins obtained by reacting PVA with n-butyraldehyde. In particular, considering the excellent balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, thermal insulation, and sound insulation, PVB is suitable. These polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0094] However, the material forming the intermediate film 13 is not limited to thermoplastic resins. Furthermore, the intermediate film 13 can contain functional particles such as infrared absorbers, ultraviolet absorbers, and luminescent agents. Additionally, the intermediate film 13 can also have a colored portion known as a light-shielding band. As for the coloring pigment used to form the colored portion, any pigment that can be used as a plastic and whose visible light transmittance of the colored portion reaches 40% or less by adjusting the amount added can be used. Examples include organic coloring pigments such as azo, phthalocyanine, quinacridone, perylene, pyrene, dioxazine, anthraquinone, and isoindolineone pigments, or inorganic coloring pigments such as oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, chromic acid, sulfates, carbonates, silicates, phosphates, arsenates, ferrocyanides, carbon, and metal powders. These coloring pigments can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0095] The interlayer 13 can have multiple layers. For example, the interlayer 13 can have three or more layers. For example, if the interlayer is formed of three or more layers and the shear modulus of any layer other than the two side layers is less than that of the two side layers by adjusting the plasticizer, the sound insulation of the laminated glass 10 can be improved. In this case, the shear modulus of the two side layers can be the same or different.

[0096] The thickness of the interlayer film 13 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at its thinnest point. Furthermore, when the interlayer film 13 has multiple layers, the thickness of the interlayer film 13 refers to the sum of the thicknesses of each layer. A thickness of 0.5 mm or more at the thinnest point of the interlayer film 13 provides sufficient impact resistance necessary for laminated glass. Additionally, the thickness of the interlayer film 13 is preferably 2 mm or less at its thickest point. A maximum thickness of 2 mm or less ensures that the mass of the laminated glass is not excessive. A maximum thickness of 1.5 mm or less is more preferred, and even more preferably 1.2 mm or less.

[0097] Furthermore, when the interlayer 13 has multiple layers, it is preferable that each layer contained in the interlayer 13 is formed of the same material, but it is also possible to form them with different materials. However, from the viewpoint of adhesion to the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12, or the functional materials incorporated into the laminated glass 10, it is preferable that at least 50% of the thickness of the interlayer 13 is made of the aforementioned material.

[0098] When manufacturing the interlayer film 13, for example, the aforementioned resin material for forming the interlayer film is appropriately selected, and extrusion molding is performed using an extruder in a heated molten state. The extrusion conditions, such as the extrusion speed of the extruder, are set to conditions that ensure uniformity. Then, the resin film obtained by extrusion molding is matched to the design of the laminated glass, for example, by stretching it as needed to give the upper and lower edges curvature, thereby completing the interlayer film 13.

[0099] Laminated glass

[0100] The total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 2.8 mm or more and 10 mm or less. A total thickness of 2.8 mm or more ensures sufficient rigidity. Furthermore, a total thickness of 10 mm or less allows for sufficient transmittance while reducing haze. The total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 7 mm or less, more preferably 6 mm or less, and even more preferably 5 mm or less.

[0101] At least one edge of the laminated glass 10, the deviation between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is preferably less than 1.5 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm. Here, the deviation between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 refers to the amount of deviation between the outer peripheral side surface of the first glass plate 11 and the outer peripheral side surface of the second glass plate 12 when viewed from above.

[0102] It is advantageous, in terms of not impairing the appearance, that the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are offset by less than 1.5 mm at at least one edge of the laminated glass 10. It is further advantageous, in terms of not impairing the appearance, that the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are offset by less than 1.0 mm at at least one edge of the laminated glass 10.

[0103] [Manufacturing methods for laminated glass]

[0104] When manufacturing laminated glass 10, firstly, a first glass plate 11 having a third surface 113 and a fourth surface 114, an interlayer film 13, and a second glass plate 12 having a first surface 121 and a second surface 122 are prepared. The thickness of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is constant. In addition, the thickness of the interlayer film 13 is also constant. Alternatively, a wedge-shaped first glass plate 11 or a wedge-shaped second glass plate 12 or a wedge-shaped interlayer film 13 may also be prepared.

[0105] Next, a coating film 15 is formed on the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11. This coating film has a visible light reflectance of 10% or more when P-polarized visible light is incident at an angle of 65 degrees and has a second opening 151. The coating film 15 can be formed on the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11, for example, by sputtering or CVD. The coating film 15 can be formed on the entire fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11, except for the second opening 151, or it can be formed on a portion of the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11. Alternatively, the coating film 15 can be formed on a surface other than the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11. For example, the coating film 15 can be formed on the second surface 122 of the second glass plate 12 or the third surface 113 of the first glass plate 11. Furthermore, the first glass plate 11 with the coating film 15 can be prepared by forming the coating film 15 on a large piece of glass and then cutting the glass.

[0106] Next, a shielding layer 14A having a first opening 141 is formed on the second surface 122 of the second glass plate 12. If the shielding layer 14A is a colored ceramic layer, it can be formed, for example, by applying ceramic color paste to the second surface 122 of the second glass plate 12 using screen printing and then firing it. The colored ceramic layer can also be formed on the fourth surface 114 of the first glass plate 11.

[0107] Subsequently, after the process of forming the coating film 15 and the shielding layer 14A, the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are bent into shape. The bending of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 can be performed, for example, by pressure forming. Specifically, a forming mold with an irregular shape conforming to the final shape of the laminated glass 10 is prepared. The first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are heated to a predetermined temperature to soften them, and then pressure is applied using the forming mold to bend the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 into shape. Alternatively, gravity forming or roll forming methods can also be used in the bending of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12.

[0108] Furthermore, in the laminated glass 10, the difference in thickness between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is preferably less than 0.3 mm, more preferably less than 0.2 mm. It is particularly preferred that the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 have the same thickness. The smaller the difference in thickness between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12, the more similar their behavior during bending and forming, thus reducing perspective distortion.

[0109] Then, the intermediate film 13 is stretched as needed. Subsequently, the intermediate film 13 is placed between the third surface 113 of the first glass plate 11 and the second surface 122 of the second glass plate 12 for pressing. For example, the intermediate film 13 is sandwiched between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 with the coating film 15 on the outside to form a laminate. Afterwards, the laminate is placed, for example, in a rubber bag or rubber chamber, a resin bag, etc., and bonded under a vacuum with the gauge pressure controlled in the range of -100 kPa to -65 kPa and the temperature controlled in the range of approximately 70°C to 110°C. The heating conditions, temperature conditions, and lamination method can be suitably selected.

[0110] Furthermore, for example, by performing a heat-pressurization bonding process under controlled conditions of 100℃~150℃ and absolute pressure of 0.6MPa~1.5MPa, laminated glass 10 with superior durability can be obtained. However, depending on the circumstances, considering the simplification of the process and the characteristics of the material sealed in the laminated glass 10, this heat-pressurization process is sometimes omitted. Through the above processes, laminated glass 10 is completed.

[0111] Alternatively, the so-called cold bending method can be used, in which the second glass plate 12 is pre-bent into shape, and the first glass plate 11, which is in a flat state, is bent and bonded along the shape of the second glass plate 12 in a manner that sandwiches the interlayer film 13, thereby producing laminated glass 10.

[0112] Without impairing the effectiveness of this application, in addition to the interlayer film 13, a film and device with functions such as heating wire, infrared reflection, light emission, power generation, dimming, touch screen, visible light reflection, scattering, decoration, and absorption may also be present between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. Furthermore, a film with functions such as anti-fogging, water repellency, heat insulation, and low reflection may also be provided on the surface of the laminated glass 10. Additionally, a film with functions such as heat insulation and heat generation may also be provided on the inner main surface of the first glass plate 11 or the inner main surface of the second glass plate 12.

[0113] <Variation Example>

[0114] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating a modified example 1 of the first embodiment of the laminated glass. Figure 4 (a) is an enlarged view of the information transmission and reception area of ​​the laminated glass and its vicinity. Figure 4 (b) is along Figure 4 (a) Sectional view of the BB line.

[0115] Figure 3 The laminated glass 10 shown is configured such that, from a top view, the information transmission and reception area 16 is entirely surrounded by the shielding layer 14A, but it is not limited to this configuration. For example, it could also be like... Figure 4As shown in the laminated glass 10A, a portion of the information transmission and reception area 16 is surrounded by a shielding layer 14(a) when viewed from above. Figure 4 In the example, the information transmission and reception area 16 is surrounded by a shielding layer 14A except for the lower side.

[0116] In addition, in the like Figure 4 In the case where there is a discontinuous area on the first end face 142 of the shielding layer 14A as shown in the example, the area enclosed by the imaginary straight line connecting the two ends of the first end face 142 when viewed from above and the first end face 142 is taken as the information transmission and reception area 16.

[0117] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating a modified example 2 of the first embodiment of the laminated glass. Figure 5 (a) is an enlarged view of the information transmission and reception area of ​​the laminated glass and its vicinity. Figure 5 (b) is along Figure 5 (a) Sectional view of the CC line.

[0118] Figure 3 The laminated glass 10 shown illustrates an example where a shielding layer 14A is provided on the second surface 122, but it is not limited to this. For example, it could also be like... Figure 5 As shown in the laminated glass 10B, a shielding layer 14B is further provided on the fourth surface 114. The shielding layer 14B is provided, for example, on the side opposite to the fourth surface 114 of the coating film 15 provided on the fourth surface 114. In addition, the shielding layer 14B may cover the second end surface 152.

[0119] A third opening 143 is provided on the shielding layer 14B. The shielding layer 14B has a third end face 144 defining the third opening 143. In the laminated glass 10B, the information transmission and reception area 16 is the area where the first opening 141 provided on the shielding layer 14A, the second opening 151 provided on the coating film 15, and the third opening 143 provided on the shielding layer 14B overlap when viewed from above.

[0120] Viewed from above, the first end face 142 of the shielding layer 14A of the first opening 141 is located further inward than the second end face 152 of the coating film 15 of the second opening 151. Furthermore, viewed from above, the shortest distance d [mm] between the first end face 142 and the second end face 152 satisfies the above formula (1).

[0121] Furthermore, from a top view, the third end face 144 of the shielding layer 14B of the third opening 143 is located further inward than the second end face 152 of the coating film 15 of the second opening 151. Moreover, from a top view, the shortest distance d [mm] between the third end face 144 and the second end face 152 satisfies the above formula (1).

[0122] Figure 5 In the example, the first end face 142 and the third end face 144 are located at an overlapping position when viewed from above, but this is not a limitation. When the first end face 142 and the third end face 144 do not overlap when viewed from above, the shortest distance between the first end face 142 and the second end face 152, and the shortest distance between the third end face 144 and the second end face 152, can satisfy equation (1) when viewed from above. Therefore, areas prone to perspective distortion can be shielded using shielding layer 14A and / or shielding layer 14B, thus reducing perspective distortion in the information transceiver area 16. As a result, an information transceiver area 16 with high optical quality can be achieved. Alternatively, shielding layer 14A can be omitted, and only shielding layer 14B can be provided.

[0123] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating a modified example 3 of the first embodiment of the laminated glass. Figure 6 (a) is an enlarged view of the information transmission and reception area of ​​the laminated glass and its vicinity. Figure 6 (b) is along Figure 6 (a) Sectional view of the DD line.

[0124] Figure 3 The laminated glass 10 shown is an example where no coating film is provided except for the coating film 15, but it is not limited to this. A second coating film may also be provided on the surfaces of the second surface 122, the third surface 113, and the fourth surface 114 where the coating film 15 is not provided. For example, it may be like... Figure 6 As shown in the laminated glass 10C, a coating film 15 is provided on the fourth surface 114, and a second coating film 17 is provided on the second surface 122. The second coating film 17 is, for example, an infrared reflective film. The second coating film 17 is preferably provided on the inner side of the shielding layer 14A. This prevents the second coating film 17 from being seen from the outside of the vehicle.

[0125] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating a modified example 4 of the first embodiment of the laminated glass, which schematically shows the view from inside the vehicle to the outside through the laminated glass.

[0126] Figure 3 The laminated glass 10 shown is an example with an information transceiver area 16, but it is not limited to this. For example, it could also be like... Figure 7 As shown in the laminated glass 10D, it has two information transceiver areas 16. In this case, for example, one information transceiver area 1 can be a device for processing visible light, and the other information transceiver area 16 can be a device for processing infrared light. The laminated glass 10D may also have three or more information transceiver areas 16. Furthermore, two or more information transceiver areas 16 may be arranged longitudinally. Figure 7In the case of the laminated glass shown, equation (1) can also be satisfied.

[0127] In addition, in the above examples, the shape of the information transmission and reception area 16 when viewed from above is an isosceles trapezoid, but it is not limited to this. The shape of the information transmission and reception area 16 when viewed from above can also be a quadrilateral, a sector, a semicircle, etc.

[0128] <Examples and Comparative Examples>

[0129] The following describes the embodiments and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Among them, Examples 1, 2, 5 to 9 and 13 to 16 are embodiments, and Examples 3, 4, 10, 11 and 12 are comparative examples.

[0130] [Example 1]

[0131] As the first flat glass panel A, which becomes the inner panel (inner side glass panel) in the laminated glass manufacturing process, a clear glass (FCLO manufactured by AGC Glass Europe) is prepared. Additionally, as the second flat glass panel B, which becomes the outer panel (outer side glass panel), a green glass (FGNO manufactured by AGC Glass Europe) is prepared. Both the first glass panel A and the second glass panel B have dimensions of 1560mm × 966mm × 1.8mm thickness. Neither the first glass panel A nor the second glass panel B has a wedge-shaped cross-section, and both have a constant thickness. Furthermore, as the interlayer film C, a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76mm (S-LEC Sound Acoustic Film manufactured by Sekisui Chemicals Co., Ltd.) is prepared. The interlayer film C also has a constant thickness and is not wedge-shaped.

[0132] Next, on the fourth surface of the inner side of the first glass panel A, excluding the opening D, a coating film (a TiZrO2 / SiO2 laminate with a geometric thickness of 73.9 nm / 99.5 nm) reflecting P-polarized visible light is applied. Furthermore, a colored ceramic layer with an opening E is formed as a masking layer on the outer edge of the fourth surface of the inner side of the first glass panel A. Additionally, a colored ceramic layer with an opening F is formed as a masking layer on the outer edge of the second surface of the inner side of the second glass panel B.

[0133] Subsequently, a forming mold with concave and convex shapes that correspond to the final shape of the laminated glass is prepared. The first glass plate A and the second glass plate B are heated to 600°C to soften them. Then, the forming mold is used to apply pressure to bend the first glass plate A and the second glass plate B into shape.

[0134] Next, an interlayer film C is sandwiched between a bent first glass plate A and a bent second glass plate B to create a laminate. Bonding is then performed in a vacuum controlled within a gauge pressure range of -100 kPa to -65 kPa and a temperature range of approximately 70°C to 110°C. Subsequently, a heat-pressurization process is performed under controlled conditions of 100°C to 150°C and an absolute pressure range of 0.6 MPa to 1.5 MPa to produce laminated glass.

[0135] On the laminated glass, openings D, E, and F are formed, creating an information transceiver area G that overlaps when viewed from above. Information transceiver area G is... Figure 4 The shape shown is surrounded by a colored ceramic layer except for the bottom side (open). The maximum horizontal width of the information transmission and reception area G is 150 mm. Furthermore, according to EN 673:2011, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Additionally, the measurement distance d is 1.5 mm.

[0136] [Example 2]

[0137] In Example 2, besides making the information sending and receiving area G as such Figure 3 Except for the shape (closed) entirely surrounded by the colored ceramic layer, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. The maximum horizontal width of the information transmission and reception area G is 150 mm. Furthermore, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Additionally, the distance d is 1.5 mm.

[0138] [Example 3]

[0139] In Example 3, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the size of the opening D in the coating film is changed. The maximum horizontal width of the information transmission and reception area G is 150 mm. Furthermore, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Additionally, the distance d is 0.8 mm.

[0140] [Example 4]

[0141] In Example 4, besides making the information sending and receiving area G as such... Figure 3 The laminated glass shown is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the size of the opening D in the coating film is changed and the overall shape is surrounded by a colored ceramic layer (closed type). The maximum width of the information transmission and reception area G in the horizontal direction is 150 mm. In addition, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Furthermore, the distance d is 0.8 mm.

[0142] [Example 5]

[0143] In Example 5, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a colored ceramic layer is formed only on the second surface inside the vehicle, which becomes the second glass panel B. The maximum width of the information transmission and reception area G in the horizontal direction is 150 mm. In addition, the emissivity of the first glass panel A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Furthermore, the distance d is 1.5 mm.

[0144] [Example 6]

[0145] In Example 6, besides forming a colored ceramic layer only on the second surface of the inner side of the second glass panel B, making the information transmission and reception area G as follows... Figure 3 Except for the shape (closed type) where the entire structure is surrounded by a colored ceramic layer, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. The maximum horizontal width of the information transmission and reception area G is 150 mm. Furthermore, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Additionally, the distance d is 1.5 mm.

[0146] [Example 7]

[0147] In Example 7, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first glass plate A has a thickness of 1.6 mm, the second glass plate B has a thickness of 2.1 mm, and the colored ceramic layer is formed only on the second surface of the inner side of the second glass plate B. The maximum width of the information transmission and reception area G in the horizontal direction is 150 mm. In addition, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Furthermore, the distance d is 1.5 mm.

[0148] [Example 8]

[0149] In Example 8, besides making the first glass plate A 1.6mm thick and the second glass plate B 2.1mm thick, a colored ceramic layer is formed only on the second surface of the inner side of the second glass plate B, and the information transmission and reception area G is as follows: Figure 3 Except for the shape (closed type) where the entire structure is surrounded by a colored ceramic layer, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. The maximum horizontal width of the information transmission and reception area G is 150 mm. Furthermore, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Additionally, the distance d is 1.5 mm.

[0150] [Example 9]

[0151] In Example 9, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the sizes of the openings D, E, and F are changed. The maximum horizontal width of the information transmission and reception area G is 200 mm. Furthermore, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Additionally, the distance d is 1.5 mm.

[0152] [Example 10]

[0153] In Example 10, besides forming a colored ceramic layer only on the second surface of the inner side of the second glass panel B, making the information transmission and reception area G as follows... Figure 3 The laminated glass shown is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the size of the opening D in the coating film is changed and the overall shape is surrounded by a colored ceramic layer (closed type). The maximum width of the information transmission and reception area G in the horizontal direction is 150 mm. In addition, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Furthermore, the distance d is 0.8 mm.

[0154] [Example 11]

[0155] In Example 11, besides making the first glass plate A 1.6mm thick and the second glass plate B 2.1mm thick, a colored ceramic layer is formed only on the second surface of the inner side of the second glass plate B, and the information transmission and reception area G is as follows: Figure 3 The laminated glass shown is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the size of the opening D in the coating film is changed and the overall shape is surrounded by a colored ceramic layer (closed type). The maximum width of the information transmission and reception area G in the horizontal direction is 150 mm. In addition, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.88. Furthermore, the distance d is 0.8 mm.

[0156] [Example 12]

[0157] In Example 12, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that ITO is coated as a coating film and the size of the opening D of the coating film is changed. The maximum width of the information transmission and reception area G in the horizontal direction is 150 mm. In addition, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.18. Furthermore, the distance d is 2 mm.

[0158] [Example 13]

[0159] In Example 13, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that ITO is coated as a coating film and the size of the opening D of the coating film is changed. The maximum width of the information transmission and reception area G in the horizontal direction is 150 mm. In addition, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.18. Furthermore, the distance d is 2.3 mm.

[0160] [Example 14]

[0161] In Example 14, besides applying ITO as a coating film, the size of the opening D in the coating film is changed, and the information transmission and reception area G is made as follows: Figure 3Except for the shape (closed type) where the entire structure is surrounded by a colored ceramic layer, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. The maximum horizontal width of the information transmission and reception area G is 150 mm. Furthermore, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.18. Additionally, the distance d is 2.5 mm.

[0162] [Example 15]

[0163] In Example 15, besides making the first glass plate A 1.6mm thick, the second glass plate B 2.1mm thick, coating it with ITO as a coating film, changing the size of the opening D of the coating film, and making the information transmission and reception area G as follows... Figure 3 Except for the shape (closed type) where the entire structure is surrounded by a colored ceramic layer, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. The maximum horizontal width of the information transmission and reception area G is 150 mm. Furthermore, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.18. Additionally, the distance d is 2.5 mm.

[0164] [Example 16]

[0165] In Example 16, the laminated glass is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the size of the opening D in the coating film is changed and a masking layer is printed on the intermediate film instead of forming colored ceramic layers on the second and fourth surfaces. The maximum width of the information transmission and reception area G in the horizontal direction is 150 mm. In addition, the emissivity of the first glass plate A is 0.89, and the emissivity of the coating film is 0.18. Furthermore, the distance d is 2.3 mm.

[0166] [evaluate]

[0167] For each laminated glass panel manufactured in Examples 1 to 16, the degree of deformation in the information transmission and reception area G was evaluated. Specifically, each laminated glass panel manufactured in Examples 1 to 16 was placed on a horizontal plane at an angle of 25 degrees to the main surface. The maximum value of the perspective deformation within the information transmission and reception area G was measured using a SCREENSCAN deformation measuring instrument manufactured by ISRA VISION Co., Ltd. The measurement results were categorized into nine levels of deformation degree as shown in Table 1, with B- and above as indicated in Table 1 being considered acceptable. Furthermore, the value of "3.5 × de + 1" was calculated from the distance de in Examples 1 to 16.

[0168] Table 1

[0169]

[0170] The conditions and evaluation results of Examples 1 to 6 are summarized in Figure 8 In addition, the conditions and evaluation results of Examples 7 to 11 are summarized in... Figure 9 .like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the deformation degree of Examples 1, 2, and 5-9 is above B-, and the deformation evaluation is acceptable. In contrast, the deformation degree of Examples 3, 4, 10, and 11 is below B-, and the deformation evaluation is unacceptable. On the other hand, for... Figure 8 and Figure 9 Examples 1 to 11 shown in the figure compare the value of d with the value of "3.5×de+1". Examples 1, 2, 5 to 9 satisfy "d≥3.5×de+1 and d≤10……Equation (1)", but Examples 3, 4, 10 and 11 do not satisfy Equation (1). It can be seen that by making d and de satisfy the relationship of Equation (1), the maximum value of perspective distortion can be suppressed to a lower level.

[0171] Furthermore, comparing Examples 1 and 2, Examples 5 and 6, and Examples 7 and 8 respectively, when the information transmission and reception area is open in shape, the maximum value of perspective distortion is suppressed lower compared to the closed shape. That is, the colored ceramic layer is also one of the main reasons for the deterioration of perspective distortion. From the viewpoint of suppressing the maximum value of perspective distortion, it can be said that it is preferable that a part of the information transmission and reception area is not surrounded by the colored ceramic layer.

[0172] Furthermore, comparing Examples 5 and 7, and Examples 6 and 8 respectively, from the viewpoint of suppressing the maximum value of perspective strain to a low level, it can be said that it is preferable for the thickness of the first glass plate A to be the same as the thickness of the second glass plate B. This is because if the thickness of the first glass plate A and the second glass plate B are the same, their behavior during bending and forming will be similar, resulting in approximately the same shape, and therefore perspective distortion is less likely to occur.

[0173] Furthermore, comparing Examples 1 and 5, and Examples 2 and 6 respectively, from the viewpoint of suppressing the maximum value of perspective strain to a lower level, it can be said that it is preferable to provide the colored ceramic layer on both the second and fourth surfaces. This is because when the colored ceramic layer is provided on both the second and fourth surfaces, the bending behavior of the first glass plate A and the second glass plate B is similar, and they will become approximately the same shape, thus making it less likely to produce perspective distortion.

[0174] The conditions and evaluation results of Examples 12 to 16 are summarized in Figure 10 .like Figure 10 As shown, the deformation degree of Examples 13 to 16 is above B-, and the deformation evaluation is acceptable. In contrast, the deformation degree of Example 12 is below B-, and the deformation evaluation is unacceptable. On the other hand, Figure 10 In Examples 12 to 16 shown, comparing the value of d with the value of “3.5×de+1”, Examples 13 to 16 satisfy “d≥3.5×de+1 and d≤10……Equation (1)”, but Example 12 does not satisfy Equation (1).

[0175] Therefore, by making d and de satisfy the relationship of equation (1), the maximum value of perspective distortion can be suppressed to a lower level. This result is consistent with... Figure 8 and Figure 9 The results obtained are the same. That is, it is believed that regardless of the type of coating film, by making d and de satisfy the relationship of equation (1), the maximum value of perspective distortion can be suppressed to a low level.

[0176] Furthermore, comparing Example 13 and Example 14, when the information transmission and reception area is open in shape, the maximum value of perspective distortion is suppressed lower compared to the closed shape. That is, compared to... Figure 8 and Figure 9 Similarly, the colored ceramic layer is also one of the main causes of worsened perspective distortion. From the viewpoint of suppressing the maximum value of perspective distortion to a low level, it can be said that it is preferable that a portion of the information transmission and reception area is not surrounded by the colored ceramic layer. Example 16, which is considered to have a particularly good degree of distortion because there is no influence from the colored ceramic layer, is considered to have no colored ceramic layer.

[0177] The preferred embodiments have been described in detail above, but are not limited to the embodiments described above. Various modifications and substitutions may be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0178] In addition to the above implementation methods, the following notes are also disclosed.

[0179] (Postscript 1)

[0180] A laminated glass comprising a curved first glass plate, a curved second glass plate, and an interlayer film located between and bonding the first and second glass plates, wherein...

[0181] The first glass plate has a third and a fourth surface, and the second glass plate has a first and a second surface.

[0182] The fourth surface is the surface of the first glass plate located on the side opposite to the intermediate film; the third surface is the surface of the first glass plate facing the intermediate film; the second surface is the surface of the second glass plate facing the intermediate film; and the first surface is the surface of the second glass plate located on the side opposite to the intermediate film.

[0183] Furthermore, the laminated glass has a coating film, a shielding layer, and an information transmission and reception area.

[0184] The coating film is disposed on the second surface, the third surface, or the fourth surface.

[0185] The shielding layer is disposed on a side closer to the first surface than the coating film.

[0186] The information transmission and reception area is the region where the first opening on the shielding layer and the second opening on the coating film overlap when viewed from above.

[0187] The coating film has a visible light reflectance of over 10% when subjected to visible light of P-polarized light at an incident angle of 65 degrees.

[0188] Viewed from above, the first end face of the shielding layer defining the first opening is located further inward than the second end face of the coating film defining the second opening.

[0189] Viewed from above, the shortest distance d [mm] between the first end face and the second end face satisfies the following equation (1):

[0190] d≥3.5×de+1 and d≤10……(1)

[0191] In equation (1), de is the absolute value of the difference between the emissivity of the coating film and the emissivity of a single glass plate in the first and second glass plates that has the coating film.

[0192] (Postscript 2)

[0193] As described in Appendix 1, the laminated glass wherein the shielding layer is a colored ceramic layer.

[0194] (Note 3)

[0195] As described in Appendix 2, the laminated glass wherein the coating film is disposed on the fourth surface and the colored ceramic layer is disposed on the second surface.

[0196] (Note 4)

[0197] As described in Appendix 3, the laminated glass, wherein the colored ceramic layer is also disposed on the side opposite to the fourth surface of the coating film disposed on the fourth surface.

[0198] (Note 5)

[0199] As described in Appendix 4, in a laminated glass, the colored ceramic layer disposed on the opposite side surface covers the second end face.

[0200] (Note 6)

[0201] The laminated glass as described in any one of Appendices 2 to 5, wherein the emissivity of the colored ceramic layer is higher than the emissivity of either the first glass plate or the second glass plate individually.

[0202] (Note 7)

[0203] Laminated glass as described in any one of Appendix 1 to 6, wherein the emissivity of the coating film is 0.35 or higher.

[0204] (Postscript 8)

[0205] The laminated glass as described in any one of Appendix 1 to 7, wherein the reflectivity of the coating film at 1500 nm is above 10%.

[0206] (Note 9)

[0207] The laminated glass as described in any one of Appendices 1 to 8, wherein a second coating film is provided on the surfaces of the second, third, and fourth surfaces where the coating film is not provided.

[0208] (Postscript 10)

[0209] As described in Appendix 9, the laminated glass wherein the second coating film is an infrared reflective film.

[0210] (Postscript 11)

[0211] As described in Appendix 1, the laminated glass, wherein the shielding layer is disposed on the interlayer film.

[0212] (Postscript 12)

[0213] The laminated glass as described in any one of Appendices 1 to 11, wherein it has two or more of the aforementioned information transceiver areas.

[0214] (Postscript 13)

[0215] As described in any one of Appendix 1 to 12, the laminated glass, wherein, when the laminated glass is installed on a vehicle, the maximum width of the information transmission and reception area in the horizontal direction is 200 mm or more.

[0216] (Postscript 14)

[0217] The laminated glass as described in any one of Appendix 1 to 13, wherein the difference in thickness between the first glass plate and the second glass plate is less than 0.2 mm.

[0218] This international application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-073497, filed on April 27, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0219] Symbol Explanation

[0220] 1 HUD system

[0221] Laminated glass, 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D

[0222] 11 First Glass Plate

[0223] 113 Third page

[0224] 114 Fourth page

[0225] 12 Second glass plate

[0226] 121 First page

[0227] 122 Second page

[0228] 13 Intermediate membrane

[0229] 14A and 14B shielding layers

[0230] 15 Coated film

[0231] 16 Information sending and receiving areas

[0232] 50 light sources

[0233] 60 First Optical System

[0234] 70 Image display elements

[0235] 80 Second Optical System

[0236] 90 Concave mirror

[0237] 141 First opening

[0238] 142 First end face

[0239] 143 Third opening

[0240] 144 Third end face

[0241] 151 Second opening

[0242] 152 Second end face.

Claims

1. A laminated glass comprising a curved first glass plate, a curved second glass plate, and an interlayer film located between the first glass plate and the second glass plate and bonding the first glass plate and the second glass plate, wherein, The first glass plate has a third and a fourth surface, and the second glass plate has a first and a second surface. The fourth surface is the surface of the first glass plate located on the side opposite to the intermediate film; the third surface is the surface of the first glass plate facing the intermediate film; the second surface is the surface of the second glass plate facing the intermediate film; and the first surface is the surface of the second glass plate located on the side opposite to the intermediate film. Furthermore, the laminated glass has a coating film, a shielding layer, and an information transmission and reception area. The coating film is disposed on the second surface, the third surface, or the fourth surface. The shielding layer is disposed on a side closer to the first surface than the coating film. The information transmission and reception area is the region where the first opening on the shielding layer and the second opening on the coating film overlap when viewed from above. The coating film has a visible light reflectance of over 10% when subjected to visible light of P-polarized light at an incident angle of 65 degrees. Viewed from above, the first end face of the shielding layer defining the first opening is located further inward than the second end face of the coating film defining the second opening. Viewed from above, the shortest distance d [mm] between the first end face and the second end face satisfies the following equation (1): d≥3.5×de+1 and d≤10……(1) In equation (1), de is the absolute value of the difference between the emissivity of the coating film and the emissivity of a single glass plate in the first and second glass plates that has the coating film.

2. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, wherein, The shielding layer is a colored ceramic layer.

3. The laminated glass as described in claim 2, wherein, The coating film is disposed on the fourth surface, and the colored ceramic layer is disposed on the second surface.

4. The laminated glass as described in claim 3, wherein, The colored ceramic layer is also disposed on the side opposite to the fourth surface of the coating film disposed on the fourth surface.

5. The laminated glass as described in claim 4, wherein, The colored ceramic layer disposed on the opposite side of the second end face is covered.

6. The laminated glass as described in claim 2, wherein, The emissivity of the colored ceramic layer is higher than that of the first glass plate and the second glass plate individually.

7. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The emissivity of the coating film is above 0.

35.

8. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The coating film has a reflectivity of over 10% at 1500nm.

9. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, A second coating film is provided on the surfaces of the second, third, and fourth surfaces where the coating film is not provided.

10. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 9, wherein, The second coating film is an infrared reflective film.

11. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The shielding layer is disposed on the intermediate film.

12. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, It has two or more of the aforementioned information sending and receiving areas.

13. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, When the laminated glass is installed on a vehicle, the maximum width of the information transmission and reception area in the horizontal direction is more than 200 mm.

14. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The difference in thickness between the first glass plate and the second glass plate is less than 0.2 mm.

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