Greenhouse water and fertilizer integrated precise irrigation control management system

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse water and fertilizer integrated precise irrigation control and management system, and the system comprises a cloud decision unit which is used for generating an irrigation strategy according to a crop growth model and meteorological data; the edge calculation unit is in communication connection with the cloud decision-making unit and is used for executing local optimization of an irrigation strategy; the terminal execution unit comprises a sensor module used for monitoring soil parameters and environment parameters in real time; the variable frequency pump set is used for adjusting irrigation water pressure; the electromagnetic valve array is used for controlling the on-off of the irrigation pipeline; the fertilizer and water mixing control unit is used for dynamically adjusting the mixing proportion of irrigation water and fertilizer; the irrigation pipe network is of an annular redundant structure and is provided with a pressure adjusting device. Through cooperative use of the environment parameter real-time monitoring system and the dynamic evapotranspiration calculation model, accurate regulation and control of the irrigation amount are realized, and the problem that the irrigation amount is not matched with actual demands of crops due to fixed program control of a traditional system is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent irrigation in facility agriculture, specifically a precision irrigation control and management system for integrated water and fertilizer management in greenhouses. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of facility agriculture in my country, integrated water and fertilizer technology has become a standard configuration for modern greenhouse cultivation. Currently, in the facility cultivation of high-value-added crops such as tomatoes, strawberries, and bell peppers, precise water and fertilizer management directly affects crop yield, quality, and economic benefits. This is especially true in the following scenarios:

[0003] Large-scale planting parks: The area of ​​a single greenhouse generally exceeds 2,000 square meters.

[0004] Year-round production mode: requires adaptation to climate changes in different seasons.

[0005] Substrate cultivation systems: have strict requirements on irrigation frequency and fertilizer solution EC value.

[0006] Through field testing and analysis of mainstream greenhouse irrigation systems on the market, it was found that traditional greenhouse irrigation systems suffer from a disconnect between fixed program control and the actual needs of crops. Specifically, these systems employ pre-set fixed irrigation durations and intervals, failing to adjust in real time according to crop transpiration requirements and soil moisture conditions. Fertilizer-solution ratios are set based on empirical values ​​and cannot be dynamically optimized according to crop growth stages. Furthermore, they lack adaptive adjustment mechanisms when environmental parameters change (such as sudden rain). Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses that integrates water and fertilizer, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses, including...

[0010] A cloud-based decision-making unit is used to generate irrigation strategies based on crop growth models and meteorological data.

[0011] Edge computing units communicate with cloud decision-making units to perform local optimization of irrigation strategies;

[0012] The terminal execution unit includes:

[0013] Sensor modules are used to monitor soil and environmental parameters in real time;

[0014] Variable frequency pump sets are used to regulate irrigation water pressure;

[0015] Solenoid valve array, used to control the on / off state of irrigation pipelines;

[0016] The fertilizer-water mixing control unit is used to dynamically adjust the mixing ratio of irrigation water and fertilizer;

[0017] The irrigation network adopts a ring-shaped redundant structure and is equipped with a pressure regulating device.

[0018] In this invention, the fertilizer-water mixing control unit includes:

[0019] Concentration detection component for real-time detection of ion concentration in fertilizer-water mixture;

[0020] The proportional adjustment component adjusts the fertilizer injection amount based on the detected ion concentration.

[0021] In this invention, the edge computing unit includes:

[0022] The fault diagnosis module is used to monitor the operating status of the equipment and output fault warnings;

[0023] The irrigation optimization module is used to adjust irrigation strategies based on real-time data.

[0024] In this invention, the solenoid valve array in the terminal execution unit satisfies:

[0025] The operating pressure range of a single solenoid valve is 0.1–0.5 MPa;

[0026] The solenoid valve is equipped with flow feedback function.

[0027] In this invention, the irrigation network includes:

[0028] The main pipeline is made of UPVC material;

[0029] The branch pipelines are equipped with pressure-compensated drippers and rotary micro-sprayers.

[0030] In this invention, the working method of the concentration detection component includes:

[0031] The absorbance data of the fertilizer-water mixture is obtained through an optical sensor;

[0032] Calculate the current ion concentration based on absorbance data.

[0033] The present invention also includes a mobile management terminal for providing system status display and remote control functions.

[0034] In this invention, the control method of the system includes:

[0035] Receive meteorological data;

[0036] Adjust irrigation plans based on meteorological data;

[0037] Real-time irrigation volume is calculated based on crop transpiration.

[0038] In this invention, the control method for the variable frequency pump set includes:

[0039] Automatically switches operating modes according to irrigation needs;

[0040] Fault early warning can be achieved through vibration monitoring.

[0041] In this invention, the system supports access to third-party devices via standard communication protocols.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0043] 1. This invention achieves precise control of irrigation volume by combining a real-time environmental parameter monitoring system with a dynamic evapotranspiration calculation model, thus solving the problem of mismatch between irrigation volume and actual crop needs caused by fixed program control in traditional systems.

[0044] 2. This invention achieves precise adjustment of fertilizer solution concentration through the combined use of a multi-parameter feedback control system and an intelligent fertilizer blending algorithm, solving the problem of rigid fertilizer solution ratios in traditional systems that cannot adapt to changes in crop growth stages. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the cloud-edge-device three-level control architecture of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the dynamic irrigation strategy of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a timing diagram for fertilizer solution concentration control according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This invention addresses the problems of low water and fertilizer utilization, slow response, and lack of dynamic control capabilities in traditional greenhouse irrigation systems. It achieves real-time optimization and precise execution of irrigation strategies through a collaborative control technology combining cloud-based decision-making, edge computing, and terminal execution. Because it involves technologies from multiple fields such as agricultural Internet of Things (IoT), fluid control, and crop physiological models, the following objectives must be achieved based on the hardware architecture:

[0051] Intelligent irrigation decision-making: The irrigation amount is dynamically adjusted based on meteorological data and crop models, with the error controlled within ±5%.

[0052] Real-time fault response: The delay from equipment anomaly detection to alarm is ≤10 seconds;

[0053] Precision water and fertilizer mixing: fertilizer concentration control accuracy reaches ±0.1mS / cm.

[0054] Based on the above requirements, this embodiment adopts the following... Figure 1 The "cloud-edge-device three-level control" architecture shown:

[0055] Cloud-based decision-making layer (logic control center):

[0056] Deployed on an Alibaba Cloud ECS server (4 cores, 8GB configuration), it runs a crop water requirement model (Penman-Monteith equation) and a meteorological data analysis module, and communicates with the edge layer via HTTP / HTTPS protocol.

[0057] Data flow: Meteorological API → Cloud Database → Policy Generation Module → Edge Gateway.

[0058] Edge computing layer (locally optimized nodes):

[0059] The system uses the Huawei Atlas 500 gateway, which has a built-in fault diagnosis algorithm (based on FFT spectrum analysis) and an irrigation optimization model (LSTM neural network).

[0060] Hardware connection: The terminal sensor is connected via RS-485 bus, and the 4G module uploads data to the cloud.

[0061] Terminal execution layer (physical device cluster):

[0062] It includes a soil sensor (Decagon EC-5), a variable frequency pump set (Grundfos CM 3-5), and a solenoid valve array (Hunter PGV-101G), and the devices are networked via the Modbus-RTU protocol.

[0063] Pipeline topology: The UPVC main pipeline (DN50) forms a ring redundancy, and the branch pipelines are equipped with pressure-compensating drippers (working pressure 100kPa).

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps for the system to execute the dynamic irrigation strategy are as follows:

[0065] Step S1: Environmental Data Acquisition and Preprocessing

[0066] The soil sensor collects data every 5 minutes, including volumetric water content θ. v(Unit: %) and conductivity EC (unit: ms / cm), noise is eliminated by Kalman filtering:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, K t Represented as Kalman gain, Z t Here, H represents the original sensor values, and H represents the observation matrix.

[0069] Step S2: Cloud-based policy generation

[0070] Calculate the reference evapotranspiration ET0 (unit: mm / d) using the Penman-Monteith equation:

[0071]

[0072] Among them, R n Let G represent net radiation, T represent soil heat flux, T represent daily average temperature, u2 represent wind speed at 2m altitude, and e represent the average daily temperature. s e a These represent saturated and actual water vapor pressure, respectively.

[0073] Step S3: Real-time optimization of the edge layer

[0074] If the soil moisture content θ v Below the threshold θ min Triggering the calculation of irrigation volume Q (unit: L):

[0075]

[0076] Where A represents the irrigated area, D represents the root depth, and K... c Let η represent the crop coefficient, and let η represent the system efficiency coefficient.

[0077] Step S4: Terminal Execution and Feedback

[0078] The variable frequency pump adjusts the speed N (unit: rpm) according to the Q value:

[0079]

[0080] Where, N max Expressed as rated speed, Q max This represents the pump's maximum flow rate. Simultaneously, the solenoid valve opens according to the area-based rotational irrigation strategy, and the duration of a single irrigation is T = Q / F (F is the dripper flow rate, 2L / h).

[0081] In this embodiment, crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is calculated in real time based on the Penman-Monteith model, and irrigation amount is dynamically adjusted in combination with soil moisture sensor data to improve water and fertilizer utilization.

[0082] Furthermore, the injection ratio of mother liquor is adjusted in real time based on the EC value of the substrate, and the nutrient formula is automatically optimized in combination with the crop growth period to improve fertilizer utilization and keep the EC value of the substrate within ±0.1mS / cm.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] In one specific embodiment, consider a multi-span glass greenhouse tomato cultivation system with the following environmental and equipment parameters:

[0085] Greenhouse structural parameters include area: A = 1200m² 2 (60m long × 20m wide), planting trough layout: 32 planting troughs (spaced 1.25m apart), each trough planted with 40 tomato plants, for a total of 1280 plants, irrigation zones: 8 independent control zones (4 planting troughs in each zone).

[0086] Crop parameters include cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme), peak fruiting period (45 days after planting), root depth D = 0.35 m, and crop coefficient: K = 1.05 (FAO-56 standard).

[0087] The measured data from the environmental sensors are shown in the table below:

[0088] parameter numerical values Sensor model sampling frequency <![CDATA[Air temperature (T a )]]> 28.7℃ Sensirion SHT45 1min Relative humidity (RH) 65％ Sensirion SHT45 1min <![CDATA[CO2 concentration]]> 480ppm Vaisala GMP343 5min Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) <![CDATA[850μmol / m 2 / s]]> Apogee SQ-500 1min <![CDATA[Soil moisture content (θ v )]]> 22.3％ Decagon 5TE (mean) 15min Matrix conductivity (EC) 1.8 mS / cm Decagon 5TE (mean) 15min

[0089] The irrigation system parameters are as follows:

[0090] Water pump: Grundfos CRN 3-37 variable frequency pump (Q) max =12m 3 / h,H max =37m).

[0091] Drip flow rate: F = 2.2 L / h (pressure compensated type, working pressure 100 kPa).

[0092] Fertilizer injection system: Dosatron D14FR (proportioning range 1:100~1:1000).

[0093] The steps for developing a dynamic irrigation strategy are as follows:

[0094] Step S1, calculate the saturated vapor pressure and the actual vapor pressure:

[0095]

[0096] e a =e s ×RH / 100=2.56kPa

[0097] Step S2, calculate net radiation:

[0098] Shortwave radiation balance:

[0099] R ns =(1-α)R s = (1-0.23)×18.6=14.32MJ / m 2 / day

[0100] Glass greenhouse transmittance R s =18.6, crop albedo α =0.23.

[0101] Longwave radiation balance:

[0102]

[0103] Substitute T max =32℃, T min =25℃, R so =22.1 to get R nl =3.81.

[0104] Total net radiation:

[0105] R n =R ns -R nl =10.51MJ / m 2 / day

[0106] Step S3, calculate the reference evaporation:

[0107]

[0108] Where Δ = 0.243 kPa / ℃, γ = 0.066 kPa / ℃, and u2 = 1.2 m / s. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the steps for generating irrigation decisions are as follows:

[0109] Step S4, Crop water requirements and irrigation amount:

[0110] ET c =ET0×K c =5.62 × 1.05 = 5.90

[0111]

[0112] Among them, field water holding capacity θ FC =30%, matrix bulk density ρb = 1.35 g / cm³ 3 The system efficiency η = 0.85.

[0113] Step S5, fertilizer solution concentration adjustment:

[0114] Target EC target =2.1ms / cm, current EC = 1.8ms / cm, fertilizer required:

[0115]

[0116] Among them, the concentration of mother liquor c stock =120ms / cm.

[0117] The system verifies and controls the water pump speed:

[0118]

[0119] Among them, the single-zone traffic Q drip =200L / h, 8-zone rotational irrigation, fertilizer injection ratio: Dosatron adjusted to 1:400 (corresponding to ΔEC = 0.3ms / cm).

[0120] The execution results are shown in the table below:

[0121] time Soil moisture content matrix Remark Before irrigation 22.3％ 1.80 mS / cm Trigger irrigation threshold 1 hour after irrigation 26.8％ 2.07 mS / cm Droplet flow rate deviation ±3% 6 hours after irrigation 28.1％ 2.09 mS / cm Reaching field holding capacity

[0122] From the table above, we can conclude that:

[0123] The soil moisture content increased from 22.3% before irrigation to 28.1% 6 hours after irrigation, which is close to the field capacity (30%) but does not exceed the limit, indicating that the system can accurately calculate water demand and avoid over-irrigation.

[0124] After irrigation, the EC value steadily increased from 1.80 mS / cm to 2.09 mS / cm (target 2.1 mS / cm), with a deviation of only 0.01 mS / cm, indicating that the fertilizer injection ratio was precisely adjusted.

[0125] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0126] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses integrating water and fertilizer, characterized by: include A cloud-based decision-making unit is used to generate irrigation strategies based on crop growth models and meteorological data. Edge computing units communicate with cloud decision-making units to perform local optimization of irrigation strategies; The terminal execution unit includes: Sensor modules are used to monitor soil and environmental parameters in real time; Variable frequency pump sets are used to regulate irrigation water pressure; Solenoid valve array, used to control the on / off state of irrigation pipelines; The fertilizer-water mixing control unit is used to dynamically adjust the mixing ratio of irrigation water and fertilizer; The irrigation network adopts a ring-shaped redundant structure and is equipped with a pressure regulating device.

2. The integrated water and fertilizer precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer-water mixing control unit includes: Concentration detection component for real-time detection of ion concentration in fertilizer-water mixture; The proportional adjustment component adjusts the fertilizer injection amount based on the detected ion concentration.

3. The integrated water and fertilizer precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge computing unit includes: The fault diagnosis module is used to monitor the operating status of the equipment and output fault warnings; The irrigation optimization module is used to adjust irrigation strategies based on real-time data.

4. The integrated water and fertilizer precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solenoid valve array in the terminal execution unit satisfies: The operating pressure range of a single solenoid valve is 0.1–0.5 MPa; The solenoid valve is equipped with flow feedback function.

5. The integrated water and fertilizer precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation network includes: The main pipeline is made of UPVC material; The branch pipelines are equipped with pressure-compensated drippers and rotary micro-sprayers.

6. The integrated water and fertilizer precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses according to claim 2, characterized in that: The working method of the concentration detection component includes: The absorbance data of the fertilizer-water mixture is obtained through an optical sensor; Calculate the current ion concentration based on absorbance data.

7. The integrated water and fertilizer precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mobile management terminal, which provides system status display and remote control functions.

8. The integrated water and fertilizer precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control method of the system includes: Receive meteorological data; Adjust irrigation plans based on meteorological data; Real-time irrigation volume is calculated based on crop transpiration.

9. The integrated water and fertilizer precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control method for the variable frequency pump set includes: Automatically switches operating modes according to irrigation needs; Fault early warning can be achieved through vibration monitoring.

10. The integrated water and fertilizer precision irrigation control and management system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system supports access to third-party devices via standard communication protocols.

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