Pineapple cultivation method based on complex mountainous terrain no-tillage and continuous multi-season high yield

Abstract

The present application relates to pineapple cultivation technical field, especially based on mountainous complex topography no-tillage and continuous multi-season high yield pineapple cultivation method. The pineapple cultivation method, including the following steps: along the contour line excavate drainage ditch and ridge; select strong seedling, and plant in ridge wide and narrow row mode; apply enough base fertilizer, and normally manage in the field until the first season pineapple is harvested; when the first season pineapple fruit is harvested, the bud retention operation is simultaneously carried out; after harvesting, the old leaves of the mother plant are retained for 25-30 cm, the withered leaves are cut down, and are laid on the ridge surface, the absorbed buds, sprouts and weeds removed during harvesting are covered in the row; through no-tillage field management, the retained absorbed buds will directly grow and develop into the next season fruiting mother plant, enough base fertilizer is applied, and normal field management is carried out, and the above steps are repeated when the next season is harvested; after continuous production for 2-3 seasons, the old plant root system is completely removed, and new seedlings are replanted, and a new multi-season cycle is started.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the pineapple cultivation technical field, and in particular to a pineapple cultivation method based on complex mountainous terrain no-tillage and continuous multi-season high yield. BACKGROUND

[0002] Pineapple, also known as pineapple, Latin name Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. As an important tropical characteristic fruit, its traditional planting mode usually needs to select an area with gentle terrain and loose soil, and relies on frequent plowing, plowing, weeding and other field management operations. After planting a season of pineapple, the old plant needs to be dug out, and new seedlings need to be replanted, fertilized and planted to start the next production cycle.

[0003] The above-mentioned traditional planting mode has the following significant defects:

[0004] (1) Terrain limitation: In tropical hilly and mountainous areas, the terrain is complex, the slope is large, and the land is scattered. Large agricultural machinery is difficult to enter and apply, and cultivation and planting are highly dependent on manual labor, which is low in efficiency and high in cost.

[0005] (2) High labor intensity: From planting, cultivation, weeding, flowering, fertilization to harvesting, a large amount of manpower needs to be invested in each link, especially in the rugged mountainous area, which further increases the labor intensity and danger.

[0006] (3) High production cost: Repeated land preparation, seedling purchase and transplanting increase the production cost, which limits the economic benefit of mountain pineapple planting.

[0007] (4) Ecological impact: Traditional plowing mode is easy to cause soil erosion and damage to the fragile ecological environment of the mountain.

[0008] At present, although some technologies mention using pineapple buds and offshoots for propagation, there is still a lack of a set of conventional planting method for replacing traditional system cultivation and repeated planting of buds or offshoots under special conditions in complex mountainous areas. SUMMARY

[0009] The present application is to solve the problems in the prior art, and a pineapple cultivation method based on complex mountainous terrain no-tillage and continuous multi-season high yield is proposed.

[0010] A pineapple cultivation method based on complex mountainous terrain no-tillage and continuous multi-season high yield, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1, first season standardized planting: select a tropical mountain slope <25° gentle slope or terrace plot, dig drainage ditches along the contour lines and build ridges; select healthy seedlings, plant in a ridge-wide row pattern; apply sufficient base fertilizer, and normally manage the field until the first season of pineapple is harvested;

[0012] S2, identification and selective retention of second-generation basal buds at harvest: at the time of first-season pineapple fruit harvest, simultaneously perform the bud retention operation;

[0013] S3, no-till field management: after harvesting, retain the old leaves of the mother plant to a length of 25-30 cm, cut down the dead leaves and lay them on the ridge surface, cover the removed suckers, offshoots and weeds during harvesting in the inter-row spaces;

[0014] S4, second-season production and recycling: after no-till field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into second-season fruiting mother plants, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and normally manage the field, at the time of second-season harvest, repeat steps S2 and S3;

[0015] S5, garden renewal: after 2-3 consecutive production seasons, completely clean the garden, remove the old plant roots, and replant new seedlings to start a new multi-season cycle.

[0016] Preferably, in S1, the ridge width is 120-130 cm, the wide row spacing is 60-80 cm, the narrow row spacing is 35-45 cm, and the plant spacing is 30-35 cm.

[0017] Preferably, in S2, check the suckers growing at the base of the mother plant, select suckers with low attachment position, healthy growth, no pests and diseases, green leaves, and a height of 15-25 cm as second-season production seedlings; among them, 1-2 suckers per mother plant meet the standard, and the rest of the suckers and offshoots are removed from the base.

[0018] Preferably, the raw materials of the base fertilizer include, by mass fraction: 50-100 parts of animal excrement, 20-30 parts of coated bacterial agent, 40-60 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of superphosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-40 parts of waste straw, 5-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of medium trace elements, 1-5 parts of dopamine hydrochloride, 1-2 parts of cysteine, 0.01-0.1 parts of ferric chloride, and 5-15 parts of humus powder.

[0019] More preferably, the medium trace elements include borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate, and the mass ratio of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate is 1-2:1-2:0.1-1.

[0020] Preferably, the base fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

[0021] (1) Mix the animal excrement, coated bacterial agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, waste straw, soybean meal, and medium trace elements uniformly, and low-temperature granulation to obtain granules;

[0022] (2) Dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine, ferric chloride are added to water and stirred uniformly, the system temperature is adjusted to 50-60 DEG C, the system pH value is adjusted to 8-9, and stirring is carried out for 1-2 h to obtain a coating liquid;

[0023] (3) The coating liquid is sprayed on the surface of the granules in a rolling state, humus powder is added during the spraying process, freeze-drying is carried out, and hot air circulation is carried out.

[0024] The dopamine hydrochloride and cysteine are compounded to serve as the coating layer, slow release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the initial stage is controlled, the low-fertilizer requirement characteristics of bud absorption are met, the organic acid secreted by the compound microbial agent gradually promotes the degradation of the coating layer, rapid release of nutrients in the later period is realized, and the development requirement of pineapple inflorescence is adapted; and the humus and the coating layer are compounded to continuously release humic acid to the root system, the compound microbial agent is planted to form a benign cycle, and soil function degradation caused by multiple seasons of continuous cropping is effectively avoided.

[0025] The base fertilizer used in the application has strong mountain adaptability and excellent stress resistance, the borax and zinc sulfate are compounded and slowly released through the coating layer, the boron and zinc requirements in the flower bud differentiation period are ensured, the incidence of abnormal fruits in the mountain environment is reduced, the coating layer can buffer nutrient loss through swelling and shrinking, the effect of humus is used to effectively reduce the erosion of base fertilizer by mountain slope runoff, and meanwhile, the pore structure provided by the humus powder can promote the effective planting of the compound microbial agent, the soil mycelium network can be protected, the mycorrhizal symbiont helps the plant to absorb deep nutrients, and the pineapple lodging resistance can be significantly enhanced under the no-tillage condition.

[0026] More preferably, the temperature of the hot air circulation is 50-55 DEG C, and the hot air circulation time is 10-30 min.

[0027] More preferably, the coating microbial agent is prepared by the following steps: kaolin powder and the compound microbial agent are added to water and stirred for 10-30 min, hyaluronic acid and an emulsifier are continuously stirred for 10-20 min to adjust the system pH value to 5.5-6, the mixture is added dropwise to a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution under stirring, and standing is carried out for 1-2 h, filtration, washing and freeze-drying are carried out.

[0028] Specifically, the mass ratio of the kaolin powder, the compound microbial agent, the hyaluronic acid and the emulsifier is 10-15:1-3:1-3:0.1-1.

[0029] Specifically, the compound microbial agent comprises Bacillus thuringiensis, Glomus intraradices, autotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria.

[0030] More specifically, the viable count of the Bacillus thuringiensis is 2-7*10 8 cfu / g, the viable count of the Glomus intraradices is 1-3*10 9 cfu / g, and the viable count of the autotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 6-9*108 cfu / g, the viable cell count of photosynthetic bacteria is 1-5*10 8 cfu / g.

[0031] Beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) Complete no-tillage, suitable for mountainous areas: completely avoids the difficult and expensive plowing operation in complex mountainous areas, utilizes plant residue cover to turn waste into treasure, and is very suitable for mountainous environments where machinery cannot operate.

[0033] (2) Great cost savings: saves the cost of repeated seedling purchase, seedling raising, and transplanting; reduces the large amount of manual labor input for intertillage weeding and land preparation; management efficiency is improved, and the overall production cost is reduced by 50-60%.

[0034] (3) Multi-season harvesting, shortening of the period: the retained basal buds themselves have a certain growth basis, and the production period is shortened by 2-3 months compared to newly planted seedlings, can bloom and bear fruit earlier, realizes the change from "single-season planting" to "multi-season harvesting", and improves the annual output per unit of land.

[0035] (4) Ecological and environmentally friendly: the ground is covered all year round, effectively preventing water and soil and nutrient loss caused by heavy rain, and improving the soil micro-ecological environment, which is an environmentally friendly and sustainable cultivation mode.

[0036] (5) High quality and high yield: through selective bud retention, the health of the next generation of plants is ensured, and the matching precise fertilization management ensures that the fruit yield and quality do not decrease due to multi-season planting.

[0037] In summary, the present application is an innovative planting technology that combines the retention of buds with subsequent high-yield management under complex mountainous conditions, and realizes a complete technical solution for multi-season continuous and efficient production.

[0038] The present application provides a pineapple no-tillage multi-season high-yield cultivation method based on complex mountainous terrain in the tropics, which replaces the traditional replanting mode by selectively retaining second-generation basal buds (suckers), and combines with matching mountainous no-tillage management technology, to realize stable and high yield in continuous multi-seasons without soil plowing, greatly saving labor and seedling costs, and being particularly suitable for complex mountainous environments that cannot be mechanically applied on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is a comparison chart of pineapple yield in each season of Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0040] Figure 2 is a comparison chart of the reduction rate of comprehensive cost in each season of Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0041] Figure 3 is a comparison chart of the increase rate of net profit in each season of Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the soluble solids content of pineapple fruits obtained in the first and last seasons of Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-3. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The given embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit its scope. The embodiments provided below can serve as a guide for further improvements by those skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation on the invention in any way.

[0044] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0045] Bacillus thuringiensis accession number: CCTCC AB 205426; Rhizocystis moniliformis accession number: GDMCC NO.3.1009; Azotobacter chrysogenum accession number: GDMCC NO.1.272; Anabaena blue bacterium accession number: CCTCC HB20082423; All strains used below were purchased from Hainan Jinqi Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A method for pineapple cultivation based on no-till farming and continuous multi-season high yields in complex mountainous terrain includes the following steps:

[0048] S1. Standardized planting for the first season: Select gentle slopes or terraced fields with a tropical mountain slope of <25°, dig drainage ditches and ridges along contour lines; select robust seedlings and plant them in a ridge wide-narrow row pattern, with a ridge width of 120cm, a wide row spacing of 60cm, a narrow row spacing of 35cm, and a plant spacing of 30cm; apply sufficient base fertilizer and manage the field normally until the first season of pineapples is harvested.

[0049] S2. Identification and selective retention of second-generation basal buds during harvest: When harvesting pineapple fruits in the first season, bud retention is carried out simultaneously; check the suckers growing at the base of the mother plant, and select suckers that are low in position, vigorous in growth, free from pests and diseases, with green leaves and a height of 15cm as seedlings for the next season; among them, one sucker that meets the standard is retained for each mother plant, and all other suckers and offshoots are removed from the base;

[0050] S3. No-till field management: After harvesting, retain 25cm of the old leaves of the mother plant, cut down the dead leaves, lay them flat on the ridge, and cover the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting between the rows.

[0051] S4, sub-season production and circulation: through no-tillage field management, the reserved germs will directly grow into sub-season bearing mother plants, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, normal field management is conducted, and steps S2 and S3 are repeated at the time of sub-season harvesting;

[0052] S5, garden renewal: after 3 consecutive seasons of production, the old plants are completely removed, new seedlings are replanted, and a new multi-season cycle is started.

[0053] The raw materials of the base fertilizer include: chicken manure 500 g, coated bacterial agent 200 g, urea 400 g, superphosphate 100 g, potassium sulfate 100 g, corn straw 200 g, soybean meal 50 g, medium trace elements 10 g, dopamine hydrochloride 10 g, cysteine 10 g, ferric chloride 0.1 g, and humus powder 50 g. The medium trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.1.

[0054] The base fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

[0055] (1) The chicken manure, coated bacterial agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn straw, soybean meal, and medium trace elements are uniformly mixed, and low-temperature granulation is performed by using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules;

[0056] (2) The dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine, and ferric chloride are added to 200 g of water and stirred uniformly, the system temperature is adjusted to 50°C, the system pH value is adjusted to 8-9 by using a 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and stirring is performed for 1 h to obtain a coating liquid;

[0057] (3) The granules are added to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 10 r / min, the coating liquid is sprayed under stirring, humus powder is added during the spraying process, and freeze-drying is performed at a temperature of 50°C for 10 min.

[0058] The above-mentioned coated bacterial agent is prepared by the following steps: 10 g of kaolin powder and 1 g of a composite bacterial agent are added to 30 g of deionized water and stirred for 10 min at a stirring speed of 1000 r / min, 1 g of hyaluronic acid and 0.1 g of Tween 80 are continuously stirred for 10 min to adjust the system pH value to 5.5-6, and the mixture is added dropwise to 100 g of a 0.1 mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution under stirring, is left to stand for 1 h, is filtered, is washed, and is freeze-dried.

[0059] The composite bacterial agent includes: 2×10 8 cfu / g of Bacillus thuringiensis, 1×10 9 cfu / g of Glomus intraradices, 6×10 8 cfu / g of Azotobacter chroococcum, and 1×10 8 cfu / g of Anabaena flos-aquae.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] A pineapple cultivation method based on mountain complex terrain no-tillage and continuous multi-season high yield, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1, first season standardized planting: selecting a tropical mountain slope <25° gentle slope or terrace plot, excavating a drainage ditch along the contour line and forming a ridge; selecting a healthy seedling, planting in a ridge width 130cm, wide row spacing 80cm, narrow row spacing 45cm, and plant spacing 35cm mode; applying sufficient base fertilizer, and normally managing the field until the first season of pineapple is harvested;

[0063] S2, identification and selective retention of second generation basal buds at the time of harvest: simultaneously performing bud retention operation when the first season of pineapple fruit is harvested; checking the basal buds of the mother plant, selecting basal buds with low position, healthy growth, no pests and diseases, green leaves, and height of 25cm as the next season production seedlings; wherein one basal bud meeting the standard is retained for each mother plant, and the rest of the basal buds and offshoots are removed from the base;

[0064] S3, no-tillage field management: after harvesting, the old leaves of the mother plant are retained at a length of 30cm, the dead leaves are cut down and laid flat on the ridge surface, and the basal buds, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting are covered in the row;

[0065] S4, next season production and circulation: after no-tillage field management, the retained basal buds will directly grow and develop into next season fruiting mother plants, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, and normal field management is performed, and steps S2 and S3 are repeated at the time of next season harvest;

[0066] S5, garden renewal: after 3 seasons of continuous production, the old plants are completely removed, the roots are dug out, new seedlings are replanted, and a new multi-season cycle begins.

[0067] The raw materials of the base fertilizer include: chicken manure 1000g, coated bacterial agent 300g, urea 600g, superphosphate 200g, potassium sulfate 300g, corn stalks 400g, soybean meal 150g, medium trace elements 20g, dopamine hydrochloride 50g, cysteine 20g, ferric chloride 1g, humus powder 150g. The medium trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0068] The base fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

[0069] (1) Mix the chicken manure, coated bacterial agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn stalks, soybean meal, and medium trace elements evenly, and use an extrusion granulator to low-temperature granulate to obtain granules;

[0070] (2) Dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine, ferric chloride are added into 300 g water and stirred uniformly, the system temperature is adjusted to 60℃, the system pH value is adjusted to 8-9 by using 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and stirring is carried out for 2 h to obtain a coating liquid;

[0071] (3) The granules are added into a coating pan with a rotating speed of 30 r / min, the coating liquid is sprayed under stirring, humus powder is added during the spraying process, and freeze-drying is carried out at a temperature of 55℃ for 30 min.

[0072] The above-mentioned coated microbial agent is prepared by the following steps: 15 g kaolin powder and 3 g compound microbial agent are added into 60 g deionized water and stirred for 30 min at a stirring speed of 2000 r / min, 3 g hyaluronic acid and 1 g Tween 80 are added and stirring is continued for 20 min, the system pH value is adjusted to 5.5-6, and 200 g 0.5 mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is added dropwise under stirring, and then the system is allowed to stand for 2 h, filtration, washing and freeze-drying are carried out.

[0073] The compound microbial agent comprises Bacillus thuringiensis with a viable bacterial count of 7×10 8 cfu / g, Glomus intraradices with a viable bacterial count of 3×10 9 cfu / g, Azotobacter chroococcum with a viable bacterial count of 9×10 8 cfu / g, and Anabaena flos-aquae with a viable bacterial count of 5×10 8 cfu / g.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] A pineapple cultivation method based on mountain complex topography no-tillage and continuous multi-season high yield comprises the following steps:

[0076] S1, first season standardized planting: selecting a tropical mountain slope <25° gentle slope or terrace plot, excavating a drainage ditch along the contour line and forming ridges; selecting robust seedlings, planting in a ridge width 125 cm, wide row spacing 70 cm, narrow row spacing 40 cm, and plant spacing 35 cm mode; applying sufficient base fertilizer, and normally managing the field until the first season of pineapples is harvested;

[0077] S2, identification and selective reservation of second generation basal buds during harvesting: simultaneously performing bud reservation during the harvesting of the first season of pineapples; checking the basal buds of the mother plants, and selecting basal buds with low attachment position, healthy growth, no pests and diseases, green leaves, and a height of 20 cm as the next season production seedlings; wherein 2 basal buds meeting the standards are reserved for each mother plant, and the rest of the basal buds and offshoots are removed from the base;

[0078] S3, no-tillage field management: the old leaves of the mother plant are kept at a length of 28±2 cm after harvesting, the withered leaves are cut down and laid flat on the ridge surface, the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting are covered in the row;

[0079] S4, secondary season production and circulation: after no-tillage field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into the mother plant for the secondary season, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, normal field management is carried out, and when the secondary season is harvested, steps S2 and S3 are repeated;

[0080] S5, garden renewal: after 3 consecutive seasons of production, the old plants are completely removed, new seedlings are replanted, and a new multi-season cycle begins.

[0081] The raw materials of the base fertilizer include: chicken manure 700g, coated bacterial agent 280g, urea 450g, superphosphate 170g, potassium sulfate 150g, corn stalks 350g, soybean meal 80g, trace elements 18g, dopamine hydrochloride 20g, cysteine 17g, ferric chloride 0.2g, humus powder 120g. The trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 13:18:3.

[0082] The base fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

[0083] (1) Mix the chicken manure, coated bacterial agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn stalks, soybean meal, and trace elements uniformly, and use an extrusion granulator to low-temperature granulate to obtain granules;

[0084] (2) Mix the dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine, and ferric chloride into 280g of water and stir uniformly, adjust the system temperature to 52°C, use a 1.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the system pH value to 8-9, and stir for 100min to obtain a coating liquid;

[0085] (3) Add the granules to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 15r / min, spray the coating liquid under stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, and freeze-dry for 15min at a temperature of 54°C with hot air circulation.

[0086] The above-mentioned coated bacterial agent is prepared by the following steps: add 13g of kaolin powder and 1.5g of compound bacterial agent to 50g of deionized water and stir for 15min at a stirring speed of 1800r / min, continue to stir for 12min after adding 1.5g of hyaluronic acid and 0.7g of Tween 80, adjust the system pH value to 5.5-6, add dropwise to 170g of 0.2mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution under stirring, stand for 100min, filter, wash, and freeze-dry.

[0087] The compound bacterial agent includes: 3×10 8Bacillus thuringiensis at 2.5 x 10 9 Glomus intraradices at 7 x 10 8 Azotobacter chroococcum at 4 x 10 8 Anabaena flos-aquae at 1.5 x 10

[0088] Example 4

[0089] A pineapple cultivation method based on mountain complex terrain no-tillage and continuous multi-season high yield, comprising the following steps:

[0090] S1, first season standardized planting: selecting tropical mountain slope < 25° gentle slope or terrace land, excavating drainage ditches along contour lines and forming ridges; selecting healthy seedlings, planting in ridge-wide row mode, ridge width 125 cm, wide row spacing 70 cm, narrow row spacing 40 cm, and plant spacing 35 cm; applying sufficient base fertilizer and normal field management until the first season of pineapple is harvested;

[0091] S2, identification and selective retention of second generation basal buds at harvest: simultaneously performing bud retention when harvesting the first season of pineapple; checking the basal buds of the mother plants, selecting basal buds with low position, healthy growth, no pests and diseases, green leaves, and height of 20 cm as the second season production seedlings; wherein 2 basal buds meeting the standards are retained per mother plant, and the rest of the basal buds and daughter buds are removed from the base;

[0092] S3, no-tillage field management: after harvesting, the old leaves of the mother plants are retained at a length of 28±2 cm, the dead leaves are cut down and laid flat on the ridge surface, and the basal buds, daughter buds and weeds removed during harvesting are covered in the row;

[0093] S4, second season production and circulation: after no-tillage field management, the retained basal buds will directly grow and develop into second season fruiting mother plants, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, and normal field management is performed, and at the time of second season harvest, steps S2 and S3 are repeated;

[0094] S5, garden renewal: after 3 seasons of continuous production, the garden is completely cleaned, the old plant roots are removed, new seedlings are replanted, and a new multi-season cycle begins.

[0095] The raw materials of the base fertilizer include: chicken manure 900g, coated bacterial agent 220g, urea 550g, superphosphate 130g, potassium sulfate 250g, corn straw 250g, soybean meal 120g, medium trace elements 12g, dopamine hydrochloride 40g, cysteine 13g, ferric chloride 0.8g, humus powder 80g. The medium trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 17:12:7.

[0096] The base fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

[0097] (1) The chicken manure, the coated microbial agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn straw, soybean meal, and medium trace elements are mixed uniformly, and low-temperature granulation is performed by using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules;

[0098] (2) Dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine, and ferric chloride are added to 240 g of water and stirred uniformly, the system temperature is adjusted to 58°C, the system pH value is adjusted to 8-9 by using a 1.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and stirring is performed for 80 min to obtain a coating liquid;

[0099] (3) The granules are added to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 25 r / min, the coating liquid is sprayed under stirring, humus powder is added during the spraying process, and freeze-drying is performed at a temperature of 52°C for 25 min.

[0100] The coated microbial agent is prepared by the following steps: 11 g of kaolin powder and 2.5 g of a compound microbial agent are added to 40 g of deionized water and stirred for 25 min at a stirring speed of 1200 r / min, 2.5 g of hyaluronic acid and 0.3 g of Tween 80 are added and stirring is continued for 18 min to adjust the system pH value to 5.5-6, and the mixture is added dropwise to 130 g of a 0.4 mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution under stirring, is left to stand for 80 min, is filtered, is washed, and is freeze-dried.

[0101] The compound microbial agent comprises Bacillus thuringiensis with a viable bacterial count of 6×10 8 cfu / g, Glomus intraradices with a viable bacterial count of 1.5×10 9 cfu / g, Azotobacter chroococcum with a viable bacterial count of 8×10 8 cfu / g, and Anabaena with a viable bacterial count of 2×10 8 cfu / g.

[0102] Example 5

[0103] The raw materials of the base fertilizer used in this example include: 800 g of chicken manure, 250 g of a coated microbial agent, 500 g of urea, 150 g of superphosphate, 200 g of potassium sulfate, 300 g of corn straw, 100 g of soybean meal, 15 g of medium trace elements, 30 g of dopamine hydrochloride, 15 g of cysteine, 0.5 g of ferric chloride, and 100 g of humus powder. The medium trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate at a mass ratio of 3:3:1.

[0104] The base fertilizer used in the following is prepared by the following steps:

[0105] (1) The chicken manure, the coated microbial agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn straw, soybean meal, and medium trace elements are mixed uniformly, and low-temperature granulation is performed by using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules;

[0106] (2) Dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine, ferric chloride were added into 260 g water and stirred uniformly, the system temperature was adjusted to 55℃, the system pH value was adjusted to 8-9 by using 1.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and stirring was carried out for 90 min to obtain a coating solution;

[0107] (3) The granules were added into a coating pan with a rotation speed of 20 r / min, and the coating solution was sprayed under stirring, humus powder was added during the spraying process, and freeze-drying was carried out at a temperature of 53℃ for 20 min.

[0108] The above-mentioned coated fungicide was prepared by the following steps: 12 g of kaolin powder and 2 g of compound microbial agent were added into 45 g of deionized water and stirred for 20 min at a stirring speed of 1500 r / min, 2 g of hyaluronic acid and 0.5 g of Tween 80 were added and stirring was continued for 15 min to adjust the system pH value to 5.5-6, and then it was added dropwise into 150 g of 0.3 mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution under stirring, and then it was left to stand for 90 min, filtered, washed and freeze-dried.

[0109] The compound microbial agent comprises Bacillus thuringiensis with a viable bacterial count of 4.5 x 10 8 cfu / g, Glomus intraradices with a viable bacterial count of 2 x 10 9 cfu / g, Azotobacter chroococcum with a viable bacterial count of 7.5 x 10 8 cfu / g, and Anabaena flos-aquae with a viable bacterial count of 3 x 10 8 cfu / g.

[0110] A piece of mountain pineapple garden with a slope of about 20° was selected in the high-quality pineapple cultivation demonstration base of Hainan Bert ecological leisure agricultural technology Co., Ltd. in Yucail ecological zone of Sanya City, Hainan Province for application test, as follows:

[0111] S1, standardized planting in the first season (from October 2017 to December 2018): drainage ditches were excavated along the contour lines and ridges were formed, and "winter honey pineapple" seedlings were planted (1250 plants per mu), with a ridge width of 130 cm, a wide row spacing of 60 cm, a narrow row spacing of 45 cm, and a plant spacing of 35 cm; sufficient base fertilizer was applied, and normal field management was carried out until the first season of pineapple harvesting (about 1630 kg per mu) was completed.

[0112] S2, bud retention and no-tillage management (January 2019): bud retention was carried out at the same time as the first season of pineapple fruit harvesting; the suckers growing at the base of the mother plants were checked, and the suckers with low attachment position, healthy growth, no pests and diseases, green leaves and height of 20 cm were selected as the second season of production seedlings; 2 suckers meeting the standards were retained for each mother plant (about 1400 suckers per mu in total), and the rest of the suckers and offshoots were removed from the base.

[0113] S3, no-tillage field management: after harvesting, the old leaves of the mother plant are retained at a length of 25 cm, and the dry leaves, weeds, etc. are all cut down and covered on the ridge surface, and the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting are also covered in the row;

[0114] S4, production in the second season (from January 2019 to February 2020): after no-tillage field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into the mother plant for the second season of fruiting, sufficient base fertilizer is applied at a distance of 15 cm from the root, and normal field management is carried out until the second season of pineapple harvesting (about 1400 kg / acre) is completed, and no tillage and weeding operations are carried out throughout the process;

[0115] S5, production in the third season (from February 2020 to March 2021): 1300 suckers per acre are retained, and steps S2 and S3 are repeated; harvested in March 2021, with a yield of about 1230 kg / acre;

[0116] Production in the fourth season (from March 2021 to May 2023): 1200 suckers per acre are retained, and steps S2 and S3 are repeated; harvested in May 2023, with a yield of about 1100 kg / acre;

[0117] After the end of the fourth season, the old plant roots are completely removed and new seedlings are replanted, starting a new multi-season cycle.

[0118] Among them, the yield of the second season is close to that of the first season, and due to the saving of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and a large amount of weeding labor, the cost is reduced by 55%, and the net profit of the second season is increased by 38% compared with the first season of the traditional mode.

[0119] The yield of the third season is close to that of the second season, and the comprehensive cost of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and a large amount of weeding is reduced by 45% compared with the first season, and the net profit of the third season is increased by 30% compared with the first season of the traditional mode.

[0120] The yield of the fourth season is close to that of the third season, and the comprehensive cost of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and a large amount of weeding is reduced by 40% compared with the first season, and the net profit of the fourth season is increased by 27% compared with the first season of the traditional mode.

[0121] Comparative Example 1

[0122] The base fertilizer obtained in Example 5 is used.

[0123] Among them, the first four seasons of pineapples are the same as Example 5, but Comparative Example 1 is planted for the sixth season.

[0124] The yield of the fifth season is reduced to 987 kg / acre, which is significantly lower than the yield of the first four seasons of pineapples, and the comprehensive cost of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and a large amount of weeding is reduced by 20% compared with the first season, and the net profit of the fifth season is only increased by 18% compared with the first season of the traditional mode.

[0125] The yield of the sixth season dropped to 532 kg / mu, which was significantly lower than the yield of the first four seasons, and more serious diseases and pests (root-knot nematode) occurred in the field; although the comprehensive cost of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and a large amount of weeding was reduced by 20% compared with the first season, the net profit of the sixth season only increased by 7.15% compared with the first season of the traditional mode.

[0126] Comparative Example 2

[0127] The raw materials of the base fertilizer used in the present comparative example include: chicken manure 800 g, coated microbial agent 250 g, urea 500 g, superphosphate 150 g, potassium sulfate 200 g, corn straw 300 g, soybean meal 100 g, microelement 15 g, dopamine hydrochloride 45 g, ferric chloride 0.5 g, humus powder 100 g. The microelement is composed of borax, zinc sulfate and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 3:3:1.

[0128] The base fertilizer used in the following is prepared by the following steps:

[0129] (1) Mix chicken manure, coated microbial agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn straw, soybean meal and microelement uniformly, and low-temperature granulation is carried out by using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules;

[0130] (2) Mix dopamine hydrochloride and ferric chloride into 260 g of water and stir uniformly, adjust the system temperature to 55°C, adjust the system pH value to 8-9 by using a 1.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and stir for 90 min to obtain a coating liquid;

[0131] (3) Add the granules into a coating pan with a rotation speed of 20 r / min, spray the coating liquid under stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, and freeze-dry for 20 min at a temperature of 53°C with hot air circulation.

[0132] The above-mentioned coated microbial agent is prepared by the following steps: 12 g of kaolin powder and 2 g of compound microbial agent are added to 45 g of deionized water and stirred for 20 min at a stirring speed of 1500 r / min, 2 g of hyaluronic acid and 0.5 g of Tween 80 are added and continue to stir for 15 min to adjust the system pH value to 5.5-6, and then dropwise added into 150 g of 0.3 mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution under stirring, stand for 90 min, filter, wash and freeze-dry.

[0133] The compound microbial agent includes: 4.5×10 8 cfu / g of Bacillus thuringiensis, 2×10 9 cfu / g of Glomus intraradices, 7.5×10 8 cfu / g of Azotobacter chroococcum, and 3×10 8 cfu / g of Anabaena flos-aquae.

[0134] Pineapple cultivation method is consistent with example 5. The first season pineapple yield is 1410 kg / acre, the second season pineapple yield is 1180 kg / acre, the third season pineapple yield is 1060 kg / acre, and the fourth season pineapple yield is 880 kg / acre. Compared with example 5, the pineapple yield of comparative example 2 in each season is significantly reduced.

[0135] Among them, the second season yield of comparative example 2 is close to the first season of comparative example 2, the cost is reduced by 57%, and the second season net profit is increased by 31% compared with the first season of the traditional mode; the third season yield of comparative example 2 is close to the second season, the comprehensive cost is reduced by 42% compared with the first season, and the third season net profit is increased by 24% compared with the first season of the traditional mode; the fourth season yield of comparative example 2 is close to the third season, the comprehensive cost is reduced by 32% compared with the first season, and the third season net profit is increased by 18% compared with the first season of the traditional mode.

[0136] Comparative example 3

[0137] The raw materials of the base fertilizer used in this comparative example include: chicken manure 800g, coated microbial agent 250g, urea 500g, superphosphate 150g, potassium sulfate 200g, corn straw 300g, soybean meal 100g, trace elements 15g, dopamine hydrochloride 30g, cysteine 15g, ferric chloride 0.5g, humus powder 100g. The trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 3:3:1.

[0138] The base fertilizer used in the following is prepared by the following steps:

[0139] (1) Mix chicken manure, coated microbial agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn straw, soybean meal, and trace elements uniformly, and use an extrusion granulator to low-temperature granulation to obtain granules;

[0140] (2) Mix dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine, and ferric chloride into 260g of water and stir uniformly, adjust the system temperature to 55℃, use a 1.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the system pH value to 8-9, stir for 90min, and obtain a coating liquid;

[0141] (3) Add the granules to a coating pot with a rotation speed of 20r / min, spray the coating liquid under stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, and freeze-dry for 20min at a temperature of 53℃ with hot air circulation.

[0142] The above-mentioned coated microbial agent is prepared by the following steps: 12g of kaolin powder and 2g of compound microbial agent are added to 45g of deionized water and stirred for 20min at a stirring speed of 1500r / min, and then freeze-dried.

[0143] Among them, the compound microbial agent includes: the number of viable bacteria is 4.5×10 8Bacillus thuringiensis at 1.5 x 10 9 Glomus intraradices at 1.5 x 10 8 Azotobacter chroococcum at 3 x 10 8 Anabaena flos-aquae at 1.5 x 10

[0144] The pineapple cultivation method of Example 5 was kept unchanged. The first season pineapple yield was 1250 kg / acre, the second season pineapple yield was 1010 kg / acre, the third season pineapple yield was 920 kg / acre, and the fourth season pineapple yield was 710 kg / acre. Compared with Example 5, the pineapple yield of each season of Comparative Example 2 was significantly reduced.

[0145] Among them, the second season yield of Comparative Example 3 was close to the first season of Comparative Example 3, the cost was reduced by 55%, and the net profit of the second season was increased by 30% compared with the first season of the traditional mode; the third season yield of Comparative Example 3 was close to the second season, the comprehensive cost was reduced by 39% compared with the first season, and the net profit of the third season was increased by 22% compared with the first season of the traditional mode; the fourth season yield of Comparative Example 3 was close to the third season, the comprehensive cost was reduced by 27% compared with the first season, and the net profit of the third season was increased by 15% compared with the first season of the traditional mode.

[0146] Since the pineapple yield and comprehensive cost reduction rate and net profit increase rate of the first four seasons of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 are the same, the pineapple yield and comprehensive cost reduction rate and net profit increase rate of each season of Comparative Examples 1-3 are plotted. As shown in Figures 1 to 3 , the pineapple yield and comprehensive cost reduction rate and net profit increase rate of the first four seasons (equivalent to the first four seasons of Example 5) of Comparative Example 1 are the highest, which are better than those of Comparative Examples 2 and 3, while the pineapple yield and comprehensive cost reduction rate and net profit increase rate of Comparative Example 1 in the fifth and sixth seasons are significantly reduced, and cause continuous disease and pest damage in the later period, so the cultivation method of the present application is reasonable in the number of cultivation seasons.

[0147] Ten pineapple fruits were randomly selected from each group in the first season and the last season, and the soluble solids content was determined by using a digital display handheld saccharimeter.

[0148] As shown in Figure 4 , the soluble solids content of the pineapple fruits obtained in the first season of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 was the highest, which was significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 2 and 3; and the soluble solids content of the pineapple fruits obtained in the last season of Example 5 was the highest, which was significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0149] Example 6

[0150] The raw materials of the base fertilizer used in the following embodiment include: chicken manure 800g, coating agent 250g, urea 500g, superphosphate 150g, potassium sulfate 200g, corn straw 300g, soybean meal 100g, medium trace elements 15g, dopamine hydrochloride 30g, cysteine 15g, ferric chloride 0.5g, humus powder 100g. The medium trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 3:3:1.

[0151] The base fertilizer used in the following is prepared by the following steps:

[0152] (1) Mix the chicken manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn straw, soybean meal, and medium trace elements uniformly, and use an extrusion granulator to low-temperature granulation to obtain granules;

[0153] (2) Mix the dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine, and ferric chloride into 260g of water and stir uniformly, adjust the system temperature to 55℃, use a 1.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the system pH value to 8-9, and stir for 90min to obtain a coating liquid;

[0154] (3) Add the granules into a coating pot with a rotation speed of 20r / min, spray the coating liquid under stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, and freeze-dry for 20min at a temperature of 53℃ with hot air circulation.

[0155] The coating agent used in the above is prepared by the following steps: mix 12g of kaolin powder and 2g of compound microbial agent into 45g of deionized water and stir for 20min at a stirring speed of 1500r / min, continue to stir for 15min after adding 2g of hyaluronic acid and 0.5g of Tween 80, adjust the system pH value to 5.5-6, and add dropwise into 150g of 0.3mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution under stirring, stand for 90min, filter, wash, and freeze-dry.

[0156] The compound microbial agent includes: 4.5×10 8 cfu / g of Bacillus thuringiensis, 2×10 9 cfu / g of Glomus intraradices, 7.5×10 8 cfu / g of Azotobacter chroococcum, and 3×10 8 cfu / g of Anabaena flos-aquae.

[0157] A piece of mountain pineapple garden with a slope of about 25° in the pineapple industry achievement transformation and breeding demonstration base of Hainan Bert ecological leisure agricultural technology limited company in Tianya district, Sanya city, Hainan province is selected for application test. The specific process is as follows:

[0158] S1, the first season (May 2020 to July 2021) standardization planting: along the contour line to dig drainage ditch and ridge, planting "Bert red CH02" seedlings (1200 plants per mu), ridge width 120 cm, wide row spacing 80 cm, narrow row spacing 40 cm, plant spacing 35 cm; apply enough base fertilizer, normal field management until the first season of pineapple is harvested (about 1600 kg per mu);

[0159] S2, bud retention and no-tillage management (January 2019): at the time of harvesting the first season of pineapple, the bud retention operation is simultaneously performed; check the growth of the basal buds of the mother plants, select the basal buds with low position, healthy growth, no pests and diseases, green leaves and height of 20 cm as the second season production seedlings; among them, 2 basal buds meeting the standard are retained per mother plant (about 1500 buds per mu in total), and the rest of the basal buds and offshoots are removed from the base;

[0160] S3, no-tillage field management: after harvesting, the old leaves of the mother plants are retained at a length of 25 cm, the dead leaves, weeds and the like are all cut down and covered on the ridge surface, and the basal buds, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting are also covered in the row;

[0161] S4, the second season (July 2021 to September 2022) production: after no-tillage field management, the retained basal buds will directly grow and develop into the second season of fruiting mother plants, apply enough base fertilizer at 15 cm from the root, normal field management until the second season of pineapple is harvested (about 1450 kg per mu), without any intertillage weeding operation throughout the process;

[0162] S5, the third season (September 2022 to December 2023) production: 1400 buds per mu are retained, and steps S2 and S3 are repeated; harvested in December 2023, about 1300 kg of fruit per mu is harvested;

[0163] The fourth season (December 2023 to November 2024) production: 1350 buds per mu are retained, and steps S2 and S3 are repeated; harvested in November 2024, about 1100 kg of fruit per mu is harvested;

[0164] After the end of the fourth season, the old plant root system is completely removed, new seedlings are replanted, and a new multi-season cycle begins.

[0165] The second quarter yield is close to the first quarter, and the cost is reduced by 60% due to the saved seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and a large amount of weeding labor, and the net profit of the second quarter is increased by 40% compared with the first quarter of the traditional mode. The third quarter yield is close to the second quarter, the comprehensive cost of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and a large amount of weeding is reduced by 50% compared with the first quarter, and the net profit of the third quarter is increased by 35% compared with the first quarter of the traditional mode. The fourth quarter yield is close to the third quarter, the comprehensive cost of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and a large amount of weeding is reduced by 45% compared with the first quarter, and the net profit of the fourth quarter is increased by 31% compared with the first quarter of the traditional mode.

[0166] The above has been described in detail. For those skilled in the art, the present application can be implemented in a wider range under the same parameters, concentrations and conditions without departing from the purpose and scope of the present application, and without unnecessary experiments. Although the present application gives a special example, it should be understood that the present application can be further improved. In summary, according to the principle of the present application, the present application intends to include any change, use or improvement of the present application, including the change made by the conventional technology known in the art, which is out of the range disclosed in the present application.

Claims

1. A method for pineapple cultivation based on no-till farming and continuous multi-season high yields in complex mountainous terrain, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Standardized planting for the first season: Select gentle slopes or terraced fields with a tropical mountain slope of <25°, dig drainage ditches and make ridges along the contour lines; select robust seedlings and plant them in a wide-narrow row pattern; apply sufficient base fertilizer and manage the field normally until the first season of pineapples is harvested. The base fertilizer used is prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix poultry and animal manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, waste straw, soybean meal, and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature to obtain granules; The coated bacterial agent is prepared by the following steps: Kaolin powder and compound bacterial agent are added to water and stirred for 10-30 minutes. Hyaluronic acid and emulsifier are added and stirred for 10-20 minutes to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6. Under stirring, the mixture is added dropwise to glutaraldehyde aqueous solution and allowed to stand for 1-2 hours. The mixture is then filtered, washed, and freeze-dried. (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine ​​and ferric chloride to water and stir evenly. Adjust the system temperature to 50-60℃ and the system pH to 8-9. Stir for 1-2 hours to obtain the coating solution. (3) Spray coating liquid onto the surface of the granules in the rolling state, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air; S2. Identification and selective retention of second-generation basal buds during harvest: Bud retention is carried out simultaneously during the first harvest of pineapple fruits; S3. No-till field management: After harvesting, retain 25-30cm of old leaves from the mother plant, cut down the withered leaves, lay them flat on the ridge, and cover the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting between the rows. S4. Second Season Production and Cycle: After no-till field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into fruiting mother plants for the second season. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and normal field management. Repeat steps S2 and S3 when harvesting in the second season. S5. Garden Renewal: After 2-3 consecutive seasons of production, thoroughly clean the garden, remove the roots of old plants, replant new seedlings, and begin the next new multi-season cycle.

2. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the ridge width is 120-130cm, the row spacing for wide rows is 60-80cm, the row spacing for narrow rows is 35-45cm, and the plant spacing is 30-35cm.

3. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, check the suckers growing at the base of the mother plant and select suckers that are low in position, vigorous, free from pests and diseases, with green leaves and a height of 15-25cm as seedlings for the next season. Each mother plant retains 1-2 suckers that meet the standards, and removes the rest of the suckers and offshoots from the base.

4. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials for the base fertilizer include, by weight, 50-100 parts of poultry and animal manure, 20-30 parts of coated microbial agent, 40-60 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of superphosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-40 parts of waste straw, 5-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of trace elements, 1-5 parts of dopamine hydrochloride, 1-2 parts of cysteine, 0.01-0.1 parts of ferric chloride, and 5-15 parts of humus powder.

5. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The trace elements include borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate, with a mass ratio of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate of 1-2:1-2:0.1-1.

6. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the hot air circulation is 50-55℃, and the hot air circulation time is 10-30 minutes.

7. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of kaolin powder, compound bacterial agent, hyaluronic acid, and emulsifier is 10-15:1-3:1-3:0.1-1.

8. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent includes: Bacillus thuringiensis, Rhizopus moniliformis, free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria; The viable count of Bacillus thuringiensis is 2-7 × 10⁻⁷. 8 The cfu / g count of *Mammillariae* was 1-3 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, viable count of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 6-9 × 10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / g, viable count of photosynthetic bacteria is 1-5×10 8 cfu / g.

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