Preparation method and application of stone slope ecological restoration matrix with wood building waste as main raw material

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a stone slope ecological restoration matrix with wood building waste as a main raw material. The stone slope ecological restoration matrix comprises a subbase layer matrix and a seed layer matrix, the two matrix raw materials are fermented wood chips, planting soil, coco coir, fermented municipal sludge, a water-retaining agent, an adhesive and an aggregate agent, and the seed layer matrix comprises plant seeds. A preparation scheme of the fermented wood chips comprises the steps that wood building waste is crushed into wood chips of 0-10 mm, after moisture is adjusted, the wood chips and edible fungus residues are mixed and fermented, the addition amount of the edible fungus residues enables the mixed materials to meet the requirement that C / N = (25-40): 1, and the fermented wood chips become materials capable of being used in a matrix mode. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the reutilization of the construction waste in the production of the greening substrate is realized, and a new material which is high in organic matter content, high in porosity, water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining and breathable is provided for slope vegetation restoration and ecological protection of projects such as highways, railways, airports, mines, parks, municipal administration and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, specifically to a method for preparing and applying an ecological restoration matrix for stone slopes using wood-based construction waste as the main raw material. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of transportation, the construction of roads in hilly and mountainous areas is increasing. During the construction process, a large number of slopes have lost their original vegetation cover, resulting in a large number of secondary bare slopes. Mining also causes a large number of secondary bare slopes to appear. At the same time, various slope ecological restoration technologies have emerged.

[0003] Ecological restoration substrate materials include soil, fertilizer, plant fiber, organic matter, granulating agents, binders, and water-retaining agents. The ecological restoration substrate for slopes is a key factor in the survival and growth of slope plants. Currently, most ecological restoration substrate products on the market use peat and coconut coir, which consume a lot of resources, are costly, and suffer from unstable quality and limited variety.

[0004] Urbanization generates a large amount of construction waste, which seriously harms the ecological environment and causes huge economic losses. Recycling building materials can not only increase their value but also reduce overall production costs and improve the overall efficiency of industry.

[0005] Therefore, recycling wooden construction waste, developing new ecological restoration matrix products and their supporting application methods can reduce costs, achieve systematic and precise restoration, promote urban green development, and drive the collaborative resource utilization of waste. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to propose a method for preparing and applying an ecological restoration substrate for rocky slopes using wood-based construction waste as the main raw material. Targeting slopes with high greening expectations and difficulties, such as rock interfaces, this invention uses substrate materials rich in organic matter and clay, such as fermented sawdust, and adds granulating agents and other materials to form an artificial greening growth substrate after spraying. This provides a water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining, and aerated planting platform for grasses and shrubs to grow on rocky slopes.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] An ecological restoration substrate for rocky slopes using wood-based construction waste as the main raw material is characterized by comprising a base layer substrate and a seed layer substrate. Both substrates are made from fermented sawdust, planting soil, coconut coir, fermented municipal sludge, water-retaining agents, adhesives, and granulating agents. The seed layer substrate contains plant seeds.

[0009] Preferably, the composition and volume percentage of the subbase substrate are as follows: 30%-35% fermented sawdust, 35%-40% planting soil, 10%-15% coconut coir, 15%-20% fermented municipal sludge, and the water-retaining agent, binder, and granulating agent are added to the hydroseeding equipment at a rate of 10g / m². 2 6g / m 2 and 30g / m 2 .

[0010] Preferably, the components and their volume percentages of the seed layer substrate are as follows: 33%-38% fermented sawdust, 33%-38% planting soil, 10%-15% coconut coir, 13%-18% fermented municipal sludge, and the water-retaining agent, binder, and granulating agent are added to the hydroseeding equipment at a rate of 3.75 g / m³. 2 2.25g / m 2 and 11.25g / m 2 The amount of plant seeds added is 80-100g / m³. 2 .

[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the fermented sawdust is 0mm-10mm, the particle size of the planting soil is ≤20mm, the particle size of the coconut coir is ≤10mm, and the particle size of the fermented municipal sludge is ≤10mm.

[0012] A method for preparing an ecological restoration matrix for rocky slopes using wood-based construction waste as the main raw material includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. Fermentation of wood building waste: The collected wood waste is crushed into wood chips of 0-10mm. If the moisture content of the wood chips is >55%, they can be directly mixed with edible mushroom residue for fermentation. If the moisture content is <55%, water needs to be sprayed to 55%-65% before fermentation, and an appropriate amount of edible mushroom residue is added for pile fermentation to produce fermented wood chips.

[0014] S2. Preparation of the subbase substrate: The subbase substrate consists of 30%-35% fermented sawdust, 35%-40% planting soil, 10%-15% coconut coir, and 15%-20% fermented municipal sludge. These are mixed in proportion using an automated mixing production line. The water-retaining agent, binder, and granulating agent are added on the hydroseeding equipment at a rate of 10g / m². 2 6g / m 2 and 30g / m 2 ;

[0015] S3. Preparation of Seed Layer Substrate: The seed layer substrate consists of 33%-38% fermented sawdust, 33%-38% planting soil, 10%-15% coconut coir, and 13%-18% fermented municipal sludge. These are mixed in proportion using an automated mixing production line. The water-retaining agent, binder, and granulating agent are added on the hydroseeding equipment at a rate of 3.75 g / m³. 2 2.25g / m 2 and 11.25g / m 2 The amount of plant seeds added is 80-100g / m³. 2 .

[0016] In step S1, the mixture of sawdust and edible mushroom residue must meet the following C / N ratio: (25-40):1.

[0017] Furthermore, the sawdust and edible mushroom residue are mixed and fermented using a membrane-covered intelligent fermentation system. After the pile is built, the blower ratio is set to 2:5. If the oxygen content is less than 12%, the blower ratio is adjusted according to 5:5, 10:5, 15:5, 20:5, and 30:5 until the oxygen content is greater than 12%, and the blower is kept constant.

[0018] Furthermore, after two weeks of fermentation, the pile is turned over. After turning, it is not covered with a film. The fan ratio is set to 30:5. When the average temperature is below 50 degrees Celsius and the oxygen content is above 19.7%, it can be removed from the tank for aging.

[0019] Furthermore, the prerequisites for the completion of sawdust aging are: ① The pile temperature is below 50 degrees Celsius for more than 21 days, including the number of days the temperature in the tank is below 50 degrees Celsius; ② The temperature difference between the pile temperature and the ambient temperature is <20 degrees Celsius; ③ The seed germination rate of the material is ≥90%, and the germination index (GI) is ≥90%; ④ The ammonium nitrogen content is <700mg / kg. The sawdust that has completed aging is fermented sawdust.

[0020] The application of an ecological restoration matrix for rocky slopes, primarily composed of wood-based construction waste, includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. Slope surface formulation: Thoroughly clean up easily slippery rocks and unstable parts on the slope surface and remove garbage, weeds and other debris that may hinder the adhesion of the growth substrate on the slope or ground.

[0022] S2. Laying wire mesh: The galvanized wire mesh is manually spread from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope, and the upper end is fixed with anchors so that the laid metal mesh is laid flat on the slope as a whole.

[0023] S3. Install anchors: Install anchors according to the slope shape, with 3-5 anchors per square meter. Use main anchors as much as possible at rock wall cracks to ensure the stability of the metal mesh.

[0024] S4. Add a base pad attachment platform: Add designated wooden strips at appropriate positions in the fixed metal mesh, nail a 5×5cm wooden block to one end of the strip as a stabilizing block, and use small iron wire to tie the strip to the metal mesh to prevent the strip from moving.

[0025] S5. Spraying requirements: Strictly follow the order of adding the spraying materials. Add water in equal volume to the substrate and stir continuously to form a slurry. Then add water-retaining agent, binder, and granulator in sequence and stir continuously.

[0026] S6. Substrate spraying: Construction should proceed from the top of the slope downwards, while paying attention to the four directions of left, right, up, and down on the construction surface to ensure the thickness and uniformity of the sprayed material. Each sprayed surface should be sprayed no less than three times.

[0027] S7. Maintenance and Management: Water and fertilizer should be applied in a timely and appropriate manner to improve seedling quality and yield.

[0028] In step S2, the wire mesh is 20Φ55×55mm in size and is fixed at the top with anchors to ensure stable installation. A distance of 50-100cm should be left between the top and sides of the slope. After the metal mesh is installed on the entire slope, the mesh openings must be connected, with a minimum joint width of 10cm.

[0029] In step S6, the base layer is sprayed first with a thickness of 6cm, followed by the seed layer with a thickness of 2cm, for a total thickness of 8cm.

[0030] In step S7, the annual fertilizer application rate per hectare for 1-year-old seedlings is: 45-90 kg of nitrogen (N), 30-50 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 15-30 kg of potassium (K2O); for 2-year-old seedlings, this should be increased by 2-5 times. When using organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, apply (4.5-9.0) × 10⁻⁶ kg / ha. 4 kg; top dressing is applied at 75-112.5 kg of ammonium sulfate, 60-75 kg of urea, and 75 kg of ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and potassium chloride per hectare.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0032] The slope ecological restoration substrate prepared by this invention, using wood waste as the main raw material, can effectively improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter, enhance soil erosion resistance, and has strong buffering capacity and high water retention capacity. It also has high nutrient content, which helps improve the growth and survival rate of slope vegetation. The technical solution proposed in this invention provides a novel slope ecological restoration substrate and technology, and offers a new method for the disposal of wood construction waste, expanding the application field of construction waste resource utilization and providing a new pathway for the synergistic low-carbon resource utilization of waste, which is conducive to sustainable development. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 A graph showing the temperature variation during fermentation of wood-based construction waste;

[0034] Figure 2 Image showing the hydrophobicity of the matrix;

[0035] Figure 3 Images of plant sowing in a substrate system;

[0036] Figure 4 Images of a matrix moisture evaporation experiment;

[0037] Figure 5 A graph showing the daily evaporation rate of the substrate;

[0038] Figure 6 Images are from an experiment on the water absorption of a matrix. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] Example 1: Fermentation of Wood-based Construction Waste to Prepare Ecological Restoration Matrix Material

[0042] Pre-formulated wood construction waste

[0043] Wooden construction waste is crushed into wood chips of 0-10mm using a crusher. Because the wood chips have a low moisture content, they are first pre-wetted with water until the moisture content reaches 55%-65%.

[0044] (2) Experimental Design

[0045] The fermentation raw material is sawdust, with an appropriate amount of mushroom residue added, and the C / N ratio is adjusted to (25-40):1, with a total volume of nearly 1000 cubic meters per tank.

[0046] Table 1-1 Fermentation Ratio Design Wood chips Mushroom residue Fermentation cycle parameter <![CDATA[800m 3 ]]> <![CDATA[90m 3 ]]> 2+2+4 weeks

[0047] (3) Test Procedure

[0048] The fermentation cycle is designed as 2+2+4 weeks, totaling 8 weeks. That is, after feeding, the material is turned over for 2 weeks and discharged for 2 weeks. After the material is discharged, it is placed in the aging chamber for aging for 4 weeks.

[0049] Samples were taken at the feeding, turning, discharging and aging stages, and the samples were tested for the content of moisture, pH, EC, particle size, germination index, organic matter, humus and nutrients such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium.

[0050] (4) Experimental Results and Analysis

[0051] a. Temperature variation during sawdust fermentation

[0052] Adding sawdust and mushroom residue replenished the nitrogen in the compost pile and adjusted the C / N ratio. The temperature rose to 64 degrees Celsius on the first day of fermentation, reaching a maximum of 75 degrees Celsius. The temperature remained above 65 degrees Celsius for 5 days during fermentation. It was then maintained between 55 and 65 degrees Celsius for 13 days. After two weeks of fermentation, the pile was turned over. After turning, the temperature briefly rose to 62 degrees Celsius before slowly declining, dropping below 50 degrees Celsius on the 22nd day. The high-temperature period during fermentation reached 18 days, meeting the temperature requirements of the harmless fermentation formula.

[0053] b. Changes in material properties, moisture content, bulk density, pH, EC, and particle size.

[0054] The material moisture content was 58% when it was fed in; during turning, the entire pile showed a layering phenomenon of wet on top and dry on the bottom, with 60% and 48% moisture content respectively. This was due to insufficient space between the pile surface and the membrane, which caused water vapor to condense and seep down the membrane at high temperatures, making the material in the upper 1 meter of the pile wetter; after turning and mixing the wet and dry materials, the material was relatively dry at discharge except for the top 20 cm of the pile, with a moisture content of 45%.

[0055] During fermentation, due to the decomposition of carbon, the height of the entire pile decreased by about 0.5 meters, and the bulk density of the material did not change much. The feed density was 219 g / L, and the density after turning was 212 g / L (dry) and 270.8 g / L (wet). The average bulk density of the output was 198 g / L, and the dry bulk density increased from 91.98 g / L to 108.9 g / L during the fermentation process.

[0056] The initial pH of the feed material was 7.0. After two weeks of fermentation and turning, the pH of the dry material dropped to 6.36, and the pH of the wet material dropped to 5.67. This is because the bacteria and fungi release organic acids during fermentation, leading to a decrease in pH. The lower pH of the wet material indicates insufficient aeration. After further fermentation and turning, the organic acids decomposed during discharge, causing the pH to rise to 6.84. After aging, the pH reached 7.0, achieving a suitable pH for substrate utilization.

[0057] The EC value was low at 0.8 ms / cm during feeding, increased during turning, with 1.28 ms / cm for wet material and 1.02 ms / cm for dry material, and 1.16 ms / cm for discharge. After aging, it increased slightly to 1.22 ms / cm.

[0058] During fermentation, the material gradually decomposes under the action of microorganisms. The proportion of particles smaller than 0.5 mm increases from 6.63% at the time of feeding to 16.26% at the time of discharge, indicating that the material becomes finer.

[0059] c. Changes in the organic matter and humus content of the material

[0060] The organic matter content remained relatively stable at around 69% from the time of feeding to turning, but increased to 73.3% at the discharge and further to 74.1% after aging. From feeding to discharge, the content of humic acid and humin increased, while the content of fulvic acid decreased.

[0061] Changes in the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in material d

[0062] From the time the feed was fed to the time it was turned over, under the action of microorganisms, the content of alkaline nitrogen increased from 554 mg / kg to 1253 mg / kg (dry) and 1794 mg / kg (wet). In the later stage of fermentation, due to the vigorous activity of microorganisms, part of the water-soluble ammonium nitrogen was converted into NH3 and volatilized, and the content of alkaline nitrogen in the output decreased to 793.7 mg / kg.

[0063] During fermentation, the available phosphorus content first increased and then decreased. It was 1782 mg / kg when feeding, rose to 2834 mg / kg (dry) and 2487 mg / kg (wet) when turning the pile, and decreased to 2230 mg / kg after aging.

[0064] The trend of available potassium content is consistent with the previous two, which is to first increase and then decrease. It is 2070 mg / kg when fed, rises to 3100 mg / kg (dry) and 2721 mg / kg (wet) when turned over, and decreases to 2502 mg / kg after aging.

[0065] Changes in total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and total nutrient content of material e

[0066] The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium contents all increased from feed to discharge, and the total nutrients increased from 2.28% to 2.93%, mainly due to the decomposition of materials and the increase in dry bulk density.

[0067] Changes in the germination index of the material

[0068] The germination index at the time of feeding was 71%, indicating that the material had slight toxicity to plants. By the turning stage, the germination index of the dry material was 99%, while that of the wet material was only 63%, indicating that the material was not fully fermented. The germination index of the discharged and aged materials both exceeded 100%, indicating that the material had been fully fermented and its toxicity to plants had been eliminated.

[0069] Changes in ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in g material

[0070] During the fermentation of wood-based construction waste, both ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents were low. However, before fermentation, during turning, and at the discharge stage, the ammonium nitrogen content was higher than the nitrate nitrogen content. The ammonium nitrogen content increased significantly during turning, and the wet material's ammonium nitrogen content was significantly higher than the nitrate nitrogen content, indicating that insufficient aeration affected the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. The nitrate nitrogen content did not change much during fermentation. After aging, the ammonium nitrogen content decreased significantly, while the nitrate nitrogen content increased significantly, indicating that the material met the requirements for substrate utilization.

[0071] Example 2: Preparation of Ecological Restoration Matrix from Wooden Construction Waste

[0072] Mix design

[0073] Table 2-1 Mix Design

[0074] (2) Experimental steps

[0075] Pour 4L of water into a small bucket, stir the measured amount of raw materials evenly according to the proportions in Table 2-1, and then add the water-retaining agent, binder, and granulator in sequence. Dissolve the granulator 800 times before adding it.

[0076] Pour the well-mixed substrate into 105*95mm small flowerpots (approximately 500ml per cup), 6 cups per recipe, place on a strainer, and leave outdoors. Excess substrate should be tested for pH, EC, and porosity.

[0077] Sowing experiment: Once the water stopped flowing out of the small flower pots, select two pots for each formula and sow 70 seeds in each pot. Manage them as usual and count the germination rate.

[0078] Evaporation experiment: The other 4 pots were weighed at a fixed time every afternoon until the moisture evaporated, and the surface properties of the substrate were recorded by taking pictures.

[0079] Water absorption test: After the evaporation test, a fixed amount of water was added to each container through a separatory funnel. The changes in water flow and the water absorption on the substrate surface were observed and recorded by taking pictures.

[0080] Erosion resistance test: After the water absorption test, place the small flowerpot under the tap and rinse the surface of the substrate with a strong water flow. Observe the changes in the surface substrate and take pictures to record them.

[0081] (3) Results and Analysis

[0082] Table 2-2 Physicochemical properties of different formulation base materials pH EC (ms / cm) Porosity Formula 1 6.21 0.73 68％ Formula 2 6.53 0.81 70％ Formula 3 6.62 0.89 72％ Formula 4 6.68 0.82 75％

[0083] The pH value of different formulations increased with the increase of sawdust compost ratio and the decrease of planting soil ratio; the EC values ​​of different formulations were similar, all below 1 ms / cm; the porosity increased with the increase of sawdust compost ratio.

[0084] All formulations showed obvious hydrophobic reactions, and the matrix and water separated into layers, indicating that the binder and granulator were effective.

[0085] In the sowing experiment, the germination rate of Formula 1 was 92%, Formula 2 was 94%, Formula 3 was 95%, and Formula 4 was 98%. Eight days after sowing, all formulas produced seedlings with good growth. After five days without watering, the seedlings of Formula 1 died, the seedlings of Formula 2 wilted, and the seedlings of Formulas 3 and 4 were relatively healthy. After watering resumed on the 15th day after sowing, the seedlings of Formulas 2, 3, and 4 all recovered their growth.

[0086] In the evaporation experiment, after being placed outdoors for 9 days, the surfaces of formulas one to four all cracked slightly; formulas one and two dried out completely; formulas three and four dried only about 2 cm of the surface, with the lower layer being darker in color and having higher moisture content.

[0087] Daily evaporation: After one day, Formula 1 evaporated the most moisture, reaching 22.99%, while Formula 4 evaporated the least, at only 2.19%. Formulas 2 and 3 evaporated 4.71% and 7.77% respectively. On the third day (cloudy), both Formulas 1 and 3 absorbed moisture from the air. Formula 1 absorbed more moisture, increasing its moisture content by 16.92%, while Formula 3 increased by 1.29%. Formula 2 evaporated 0.45%, and Formula 4 evaporated 8.59%. On the fourth day, the percentage of moisture evaporated from each formula was not significantly different. On the fifth day... Formula 4 lost 24.75% of its moisture, Formulas 2 and 3 lost approximately 17%, and Formula 1 lost 12.67%. On day 6, the evaporation of Formulas 1, 2, and 3 decreased sequentially, while Formula 4 absorbed 9.46% of its moisture. On day 7, the evaporation of each formula was similar. On day 8, the moisture content of Formulas 2, 3, and 4 changed little, while Formula 1 evaporated 3.49%. On day 9, the evaporation of Formulas 2, 3, and 4 was similar, ranging from 12% to 14%, while Formula 1 evaporated 7.61%. The total evaporation of each formula was similar, ranging from 53% to 56%.

[0088] In the water absorption test, when 10ml of water was added to each surface, formulas one to three absorbed quickly, while formula four absorbed more slowly and formed water accumulation. When 50ml of water was added at the same rate, formula one seeped in more slowly, formula two saw in evenly, formula three saw in more quickly, and the water in formula four flowed away quickly along the wall and pores. Some water from formulas one and three flowed along the wall to the bottom.

[0089] In the erosion resistance test, after the substrate surface was washed with the same rapid water, there were no obvious changes on the surfaces of formulations one, two and four, while about 1 / 4 of the substrate was washed away by water on the surface of formulation three.

[0090] Based on the above results, it was found that: Formula 1 has more planting soil and less fermented sawdust, resulting in lower porosity, a more adhesive substrate, and better water absorption and erosion resistance, but a lower germination rate, plants that wilt cannot recover after rehydration, rapid water evaporation, and the substrate drying out easily. Formula 2 reduces planting soil and increases fermented sawdust, resulting in slightly higher porosity, better substrate adhesiveness, better water absorption and erosion resistance, a slightly higher germination rate, plants that wilt can recover after rehydration, and slower water evaporation. Formula 3 further reduces planting soil and increases fermented sawdust, resulting in rapid water permeability of the substrate, vigorous plant growth, less wilting, slower water evaporation, and better water absorption, but poorer erosion resistance. Formula 4 further increases fermented sawdust, resulting in vigorous plant growth, less wilting, higher substrate porosity, slower water evaporation, better water retention, slightly longer water absorption time, and better erosion resistance. In summary, each formula has its advantages and disadvantages, with Formula 4 exhibiting the best performance across all aspects and thus being the preferred formula.

[0091] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A substrate for ecological restoration of stone slopes, primarily composed of wood-based construction waste, characterized in that, It includes a base layer substrate and a seed layer substrate. The raw materials for both substrates are fermented sawdust, planting soil, coconut coir, fermented municipal sludge, water-retaining agents, binders, and granulating agents. The seed layer substrate contains plant seeds.

2. The ecological restoration matrix for stone slopes based primarily on wood-based construction waste, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The composition and volume percentage of the subbase substrate are as follows: fermented sawdust 30%-35%, planting soil 35%-40%, coconut coir 10%-15%, fermented municipal sludge 15%-20%, and the water-retaining agent, binder, and granulating agent are added to the hydroseeding equipment at a rate of 10 g / m³. 2 6g / m 2 and 30g / m 2 .

3. The ecological restoration matrix for stone slopes based primarily on wood-based construction waste, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The components and their volume percentages of the seed layer substrate are as follows: fermented sawdust 33%-38%, planting soil 33%-38%, coconut coir 10%-15%, fermented municipal sludge 13%-18%, and the water-retaining agent, binder, and granulating agent are added to the hydroseeding equipment at a rate of 3.75 g / m³. 2 2.25g / m 2 and 11.25g / m 2 The amount of plant seeds added is 80-100g / m³. 2 .

4. The ecological restoration matrix for stone slopes based primarily on wood-based construction waste, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The particle size of the fermented sawdust is ≤10mm, the particle size of the planting soil is ≤20mm, the particle size of the coconut coir is ≤10mm, and the particle size of the fermented municipal sludge is ≤10mm.

5. A method for preparing an ecological restoration matrix for stone slopes using wood-based construction waste as the main raw material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Crush the collected wood waste into wood chips ≤10mm. If the moisture content of the wood chips is >55%, they can be directly mixed with edible mushroom residue for fermentation. If the moisture content is <55%, water should be sprayed to 55%-65% before fermentation, and then edible mushroom residue should be added for pile fermentation. S2. The mixture of sawdust and edible mushroom residue conforms to the C / N = (25-40):

1. S3. After mixing sawdust and edible mushroom residue, fermentation is carried out using a membrane-covered intelligent fermentation system. After the pile is built, the blower ratio is set to 2:

5. If the oxygen ratio is <12%, the blower ratio is adjusted according to 5:5, 10:5, 15:5, 20:5, and 30:5 until the oxygen ratio is >12%, and the blower ratio is kept constant. S4. After two weeks of fermentation, turn the pile over. After turning, do not cover with a film. Set the fan to 30:

5. When the average temperature is below 50 degrees and the oxygen content is above 19.7%, the pile can be removed from the tank for aging. S5. Prerequisites for the completion of sawdust aging: ① The pile temperature is below 50 degrees Celsius for more than 21 days, including the number of days the temperature in the tank is below 50 degrees Celsius; ② The temperature difference between the pile temperature and the ambient temperature is <20 degrees Celsius; ③ The seed germination rate of the material is ≥90%, and the germination index (GI) is ≥90%; ④ The ammonium nitrogen content is <700mg / kg. The sawdust after the aging is completed is called fermented sawdust. S6. The subgrade substrate as described in claim 2 consists of 30%-35% fermented sawdust, 35%-40% planting soil, 10%-15% coconut coir, and 15%-20% fermented municipal sludge, mixed in proportion using an automated mixing production line. The water-retaining agent, binder, and granulating agent are added on the hydroseeding equipment at a dosage of 10g / m². 2 6g / m 2 and 30g / m 2 ; S7. The seed layer substrate as described in claim 3 consists of 33%-38% fermented sawdust, 33%-38% planting soil, 10%-15% coconut coir, and 13%-18% fermented municipal sludge, mixed in proportion using an automated mixing production line. The water-retaining agent, binder, and granulating agent are added on the hydroseeding equipment at a dosage of 3.75 g / m³. 2 2.25g / m 2 and 11.25g / m 2 The amount of plant seeds added is 80-100g / m³. 2 .

6. An application of an ecological restoration matrix for stone slopes using wood-based construction waste as the main raw material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Slope surface formulation: Thoroughly clean up easily slippery rocks and unstable parts on the slope surface and remove garbage, weeds and other debris that may hinder the adhesion of the growth substrate on the slope or ground. S2. Laying wire mesh: The galvanized wire mesh is manually spread from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope. The specification is 20Φ55×55mm. The top is fixed with anchors to make it stable. A distance of 50-100cm should be left between the top of the slope and the side of the slope. After the metal mesh on the entire slope is laid, the mesh openings must be connected. The joints should be at least 10cm apart to make the laid metal mesh form a whole and lay flat on the slope. S3. Install anchors: Install according to the slope shape to make the metal mesh taut and firmly fixed to the slope. On hard rock walls, drill first and then install the fixing parts. On local soft rock slopes, the large main anchors with sharpened tips can be directly tightened. 3-5 anchors per square meter. S4. Add a base pad attachment platform: Add designated wooden strips to the fixed metal mesh, nail a 5×5cm wooden block to one end of the strip as a stabilizing block, and tie the strip to the metal mesh tightly with small iron wire. S5. Spraying requirements: Strictly follow the order of adding the spraying materials. Add water in equal volume to the substrate and stir continuously to form a slurry. Then add water-retaining agent, binder, and granulator in sequence and stir continuously. S6. Substrate spraying: Construction should proceed from the top of the slope downwards, while paying attention to the four directions of left, right, up, and down on the construction surface in a cyclical manner. Each spraying surface should be sprayed no less than three times. First, spray the base layer with a spraying thickness of 6cm, then spray the seed layer with a spraying thickness of 2cm, for a total thickness of 8cm. S7. Maintenance and Management: For 1-year-old seedlings, the annual fertilizer application rate per hectare is: Nitrogen (N) 45-90 kg, Phosphorus (P2O5) 30-50 kg, and Potassium (K2O) 15-30 kg; for 2-year-old seedlings, increase the amount by 2-5 times. When using organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, apply (4.5-9.0) × 10⁻⁶ kg per hectare. 4 kg; top dressing is applied at 75-112.5 kg of ammonium sulfate, 60-75 kg of urea, and 75 kg of ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and potassium chloride per hectare.

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