Intelligent multi-stage distillation system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of substance separation and purification, and particularly relates to an intelligent multi-stage distillation system, which comprises a parameter initialization and self-checking module, a distillation execution control module, a dynamic adjustment module and a safety protection module. The system is protected by a level safety controller through hard-wired protection, and is embedded with safety constraints such as vacuum tolerance and temperature overshoot threshold, and is matched with double-sensor redundancy and three-level abnormal response to solve safety risks such as thermal runaway and mechanical failure, and to realize fast fault response and industrial safety guarantee. The system adopts a dynamic coupling algorithm and infrared film thickness closed-loop control to maintain uniform liquid film, and is combined with dynamic PID temperature compensation and online purity analysis to drive accurate vacuum adjustment, so as to solve liquid film tearing and separation efficiency fluctuation. The system realizes multi-dimensional diagnosis of equipment state through a distributed temperature sensor array, high-precision pressure source automatic calibration and near-infrared spectrum waste analysis, and is matched with fault data tracing and repair work order mechanism to reduce unplanned downtime and improve system reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of material separation and purification technology, specifically relating to an intelligent multi-stage distillation system. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional distillation technology faces multiple technical bottlenecks when processing high-boiling-point and heat-sensitive substances: single-stage thin-film evaporators suffer from uneven mass transfer efficiency on the evaporation surface due to large fluctuations in liquid film thickness (e.g., the lack of dynamic coupling adjustment between scraper speed and feed flow rate in existing technologies), resulting in a significant reduction in evaporation efficiency compared to theoretical values; molecular distillers lack a pre-concentration and pretreatment module, allowing high-boiling-point impurities to directly enter the distillation chamber and easily clog the condensation surface, and heat-sensitive materials undergo degradation due to their long residence time in conventional distillation, resulting in a high degradation loss rate.

[0003] In addition, existing single-stage distillation equipment generally relies on manual adjustment of parameters such as heating temperature and vacuum, and cannot dynamically match process parameters according to the material density, viscosity and other characteristics, resulting in a significant increase in energy consumption compared to the theoretical value, and poor product purity stability (conventional distillation usually cannot achieve a high level of purity).

[0004] Specifically, the existing technology has the following core flaws:

[0005] (1) The single-stage thin film evaporator does not have a closed-loop control mechanism for liquid film thickness. When the feed flow rate fluctuates, the liquid film thickness deviates significantly, resulting in a significant decrease in the heat transfer coefficient.

[0006] (2) The molecular distillation system lacks a pre-separation stage of thin film evaporation. High-boiling-point components directly enter the molecular distillation chamber and form a deposition layer on the condensation surface, which greatly shortens the continuous operation time of the equipment. Furthermore, the heat-sensitive materials have a high loss rate of effective components due to the excessive residence time.

[0007] (3) Traditional control systems adopt a fixed-value adjustment mode. When the material characteristics or ambient temperature fluctuate, they cannot automatically optimize the matching relationship between vacuum degree and heating power, resulting in large fluctuations in energy consumption and insufficient product purity stability.

[0008] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the problems in existing technologies, such as the imbalance in liquid film thickness control in single-stage thin-film evaporators leading to low mass transfer efficiency and degradation of heat-sensitive materials, the lack of pretreatment in molecular distillers causing high-boiling-point impurities to clog the condenser surface and resulting in high material loss, and the high energy consumption and poor product purity stability caused by the reliance on manual parameter adjustment in traditional control systems.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A smart multi-stage distillation system, comprising:

[0012] Parameter initialization and self-test module: used to establish system operating baseline by setting process parameters, verifying equipment status and applying safety constraints;

[0013] Distillation execution control module: used to drive feed film formation, molecular-level separation and recombinant routing based on the benchmark, and output real-time process data and abnormal information to the dynamic adjustment module and the safety protection module respectively;

[0014] Dynamic adjustment module: used to perform temperature compensation and vacuum optimization based on the real-time process data, and generate correction instructions to be fed back to the distillation execution control module;

[0015] Safety protection module: Used to receive abnormal information from the distillation execution control module and trigger one or more of the following operations: mechanical emergency stop, thermal runaway prevention, and waste reflux control.

[0016] Furthermore, the process parameters include: heating temperature, scraper spacing, and stirring speed;

[0017] The device status includes: the integrity of the nano-aerogel insulation layer and the calibration status of the pressure sensor;

[0018] The safety constraints include: vacuum tolerance and temperature overshoot threshold.

[0019] Furthermore, the parameter initialization and self-test module includes:

[0020] The process parameter preset unit is used to set the heating temperature range, scraper spacing, and stirring speed of the thin film evaporator.

[0021] The equipment health diagnostic unit is used to verify the integrity of the nano-aerogel insulation layer and the calibration status of the pressure sensor.

[0022] Safety boundary loading unit is used to apply hard constraints on vacuum tolerance and temperature overshoot threshold.

[0023] Furthermore, the heating temperature range is 60–120℃, the scraper spacing is 0.5–2mm, and the stirring speed is 0–200r / min.

[0024] Furthermore, the vacuum tolerance is ±0.01 Pa, and the temperature overshoot threshold is ±0.5 °C.

[0025] Furthermore, the distillation execution control module includes:

[0026] Thin film generation control unit: used to form a uniform thin film on the inner wall of the thin film evaporator by adjusting the ratio of material conveying rate to scraper rotation speed;

[0027] Molecular-level separation execution unit: used to control the temperature gradient between the evaporation surface and the condensation surface to achieve molecular-level phase change separation;

[0028] Multi-level material routing unit: used to trigger the reset of secondary evaporation parameters in response to infrared spectral signals.

[0029] Furthermore, the thin film generation control unit also includes:

[0030] Dynamic coupler: Used to maintain a constant dynamic coupling index ratio when the feed rate and material conveying rate change;

[0031] Film thickness feedback controller: used to correct the proportional coefficient value in real time based on infrared film thickness data.

[0032] Furthermore, the dynamic adjustment module includes:

[0033] Temperature compensation unit: used to increase heating power and rotation speed when the output decreases;

[0034] Vacuum optimization unit: used to adjust the vacuum level and the evaporation surface temperature when the purity decreases;

[0035] Control command unit: Generates corresponding control commands based on temperature compensation and vacuum optimization data.

[0036] Furthermore, the security protection module includes:

[0037] Mechanical failure fuse unit: used to trigger a halving of the feed rate and initiate an emergency stop within 1 minute when the scraper speed fluctuation exceeds 3 times the standard deviation;

[0038] Thermal runaway prevention unit: used to cut off the heating power supply when there is a vacuum pressure deviation;

[0039] Backflow safety valve unit: Used to start the backflow pump when the target product content in the waste material is reached.

[0040] Furthermore, the vacuum pressure deviation is greater than 0.2%, and the target product content is greater than 5%.

[0041] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention provides an intelligent multi-stage distillation system, comprising: a parameter initialization and self-test module, a distillation execution control module, a dynamic adjustment module, and a safety protection module; the system constructs a graded safety controller hard-wired protection mechanism, embedding safety constraints such as vacuum tolerance and temperature overshoot threshold, and, in conjunction with a dual-sensor redundancy design and a three-level anomaly response strategy, solves safety risks such as thermal runaway and mechanical failure, achieving fault response and industrial-grade safety assurance; it employs a dynamic coupling algorithm and infrared film thickness closed-loop control to adjust the scraping speed in real time to maintain a uniform liquid film; combined with dynamic PID temperature compensation and online purity analysis-driven precise vacuum adjustment, it solves the problems of liquid film tearing and separation efficiency fluctuations, keeping product purity deviation within 0.3%; it monitors the integrity of the insulation layer through a distributed temperature sensor array, utilizes high-precision pressure source automatic calibration and near-infrared spectral waste analysis to achieve multi-dimensional equipment status diagnosis, and, in conjunction with a fault data traceability and maintenance work order generation mechanism, reduces unplanned downtime and improves system reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is an architecture diagram of an intelligent multi-stage distillation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement and numerical expressions of the components and steps described in these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0045] The following description of exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the invention or its application or use in any way. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail herein, but where applicable, such techniques, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of this specification.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] See Figure 1 The present invention provides a control system for a multi-stage distillation system, which may specifically include:

[0048] M1, Parameter Initialization and Self-Test Module: Used to establish a system operating baseline by setting process parameters, verifying equipment status, and applying safety constraints; whereby process parameters include: heating temperature, scraper spacing, and stirring speed; equipment status includes: integrity of the nano-aerogel insulation layer and pressure sensor calibration status; safety constraints include: vacuum tolerance and temperature overshoot threshold. Specifically, it may include:

[0049] M11, Process Parameter Preset Unit: Used to establish a configurable process parameter input interface, supporting three modes: manual input, preset scheme recall, and upper computer communication import, to achieve precise setting of heating temperature, scraper spacing, and stirring speed.

[0050] The heating temperature is limited to 60–120℃. When the temperature is exceeded, a soft limit is triggered, prohibiting the actuator from operating. The scraper spacing is limited to 0.5–2mm and is adjusted by a servo motor-driven lead screw mechanism with built-in displacement sensor closed-loop feedback. The stirring speed is limited to 0–200r / min and is controlled by a frequency converter. When the speed is exceeded, the output is automatically cut off and an alarm is triggered.

[0051] M12, Equipment Health Diagnosis Unit: Through multi-sensor fusion detection, it verifies the integrity of the nano-aerogel insulation layer and the calibration status of the pressure sensor in real time, ensuring that the equipment hardware is in a reliable operating state.

[0052] Nano-aerogel insulation layer testing: A distributed temperature sensor array (3 sets of Pt100 temperature probes are arranged along the evaporator cylinder) is used to collect the outer wall temperature data in real time; when the temperature difference between any two points exceeds the preset threshold (10℃) or the average temperature deviates from the theoretical value by more than 5%, it is determined that the insulation layer is damaged or aged, triggering a yellow warning and generating a maintenance work order; the air tightness test of the insulation layer can be started when the machine is stopped.

[0053] Pressure sensor calibration status verification: Built-in high-precision standard pressure source (accuracy ±0.05%FS), automatically performs zero-point calibration and full-scale verification at the start of each shift; adopts dual-sensor redundancy design (caution prompt is triggered when the deviation between the main sensor and the backup sensor is >1%); calibration records are automatically archived, supporting the traceability of the most recent 100 calibration data, and the system is prohibited from starting if calibration is not performed within the time limit (default cycle of 30 days).

[0054] M13, Safety Boundary Loading Unit: Constructs a hardware-level safety protection mechanism, embedding safety constraints such as vacuum tolerance and temperature overshoot threshold into the underlying logic of the control system to achieve rapid response to abnormal operating conditions.

[0055] Vacuum tolerance constraint (±0.01Pa): A capacitive vacuum sensor (range 0–100Pa, accuracy ±0.005Pa) is used to monitor the cavity vacuum level in real time; when the vacuum level deviates from the set value beyond the tolerance range, a three-level response mechanism is triggered:

[0056] Level 1 warning: A red warning is displayed, and a buzzer sounds briefly (for 5 seconds);

[0057] Level 2 intervention: Automatically adjust the vacuum pump speed; if it does not recover within 5 minutes, suspend the heating system.

[0058] Level 3 shutdown: When the vacuum level fluctuation exceeds twice the tolerance (±0.02Pa), immediately cut off all power supply and start the cavity cavitation breaking procedure.

[0059] Temperature overshoot threshold constraint (±0.5℃): The heating system adopts PID + fuzzy control algorithm and presets temperature overshoot protection threshold; when the measured temperature exceeds the target value +0.5℃, the heating power is automatically cut off and the cooling water circulation is started; a hardware-level temperature fuse (fusing temperature 130℃) is configured as a redundant design for software protection to prevent over-temperature caused by control system failure.

[0060] Safety constraint features: Threshold parameters can be modified with administrator-level permissions; safety logic is independent of the main control PLC, and a dedicated safety controller (SIL2 level) is used to implement hard-wiring protection to ensure response time <20ms.

[0061] M2, Distillation Execution Control Module: Used to drive feed film formation, molecular-level separation, and heavy component routing based on the aforementioned benchmark, and output real-time process data and abnormal information to the dynamic adjustment module and safety protection module, respectively; specifically, it may include:

[0062] M21, Feed Film Forming Control Unit: Used to form a uniform (0.1~0.3mm) and completely covered feed liquid film on the evaporation surface, ensuring efficient heat and mass transfer. Specifically, it may include:

[0063] Dynamic coupler: Used to maintain a constant dynamic coupling index ratio when the feed rate and material conveying rate change, ensuring liquid film stability; the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] in, The density of the raw material; This refers to the feed flow rate; The viscosity of the raw material; This refers to the rotational speed of the scraping rotor. The dynamic adjustment formula for the rotational speed is:

[0066]

[0067] in, The set values ​​for the coupling index (calibration range: 120~150) were determined through fluid dynamics experiments; when As it increases, it rises synchronously. To maintain Constant, preventing liquid film tearing.

[0068] Film thickness feedback controller: Used to correct the proportional coefficient value in real time based on infrared film thickness data, eliminating film thickness deviation. The control expression is:

[0069]

[0070] in, Target film thickness; These are measured values ​​using an infrared film thickness gauge. This is the integral gain coefficient (default 0.05), corresponding to the unit film thickness deviation. Adjust the amount.

[0071] M3, Dynamic Adjustment Module: Used to perform temperature compensation and vacuum optimization based on the real-time process data, and generate correction instructions to feed back to the distillation execution control module; specifically, it may include:

[0072] M31, Temperature Compensation Unit: Used to increase heating power and rotation speed when the output decreases; used to compensate for deviations in actual separation temperature from the set value caused by fluctuations in ambient temperature, equipment thermal inertia, or changes in material properties.

[0073] The system receives temperature sensor data from the distillation execution control module in real time. If the actual temperature deviates from the preset process reference temperature, it calculates the required compensation amount (such as increasing / decreasing the heat transfer fluid flow, adjusting the heating power, changing the cooling water flow, etc.), generates a correction command, and feeds it back to the distillation execution control module for execution, so that the actual temperature quickly returns to the set value.

[0074] The compensation amount is calculated using a dynamic PID control algorithm, and the specific expression is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] in, This represents the current temperature deviation. This is the proportional gain coefficient; This is the integral gain coefficient; The differential gain coefficient; From system startup to time The deviation integral; This represents the current rate of change of deviation. When... Increasing the value indicates a faster response speed, but may cause system oscillations; when Increasing this value indicates a stronger ability to eliminate steady-state errors, but may lead to overshoot; when Increasing the value indicates improved oscillation suppression, but it also makes the device more sensitive to sensor noise.

[0077] M32, Vacuum Optimization Unit: Used to adjust the vacuum level by decreasing by 0.1 Pa and the evaporation surface temperature when purity decreases; online component analysis is performed using a laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS), with distillate samples collected every 10 seconds via a bypass circulation system. The detection signal is processed by a third-order Kalman filter (accuracy ±0.05%), and a standard sample is automatically injected every 30 minutes to calibrate the baseline. When three consecutive detection values ​​are lower than the target purity by more than 0.3%, the vacuum optimization program is triggered.

[0078] The formula for calculating the change in the opening degree of a piezoelectric ceramic vacuum regulating valve that precisely controls system pressure is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] in, This represents the reduction in the target vacuum level. This refers to the pumping speed coefficient of the vacuum pump.

[0081] A 16-bit high-precision DAC module outputs a 0-10V control signal to drive the valve, with a response delay of <50ms. The adjustment target is to reduce the vacuum level by 0.1Pa (e.g., from 10.0Pa to 9.9Pa), which can increase the boiling point of the components and suppress the escape of light components.

[0082] This also includes synergistic compensation for evaporation surface temperature. A decrease in vacuum leads to an increase in boiling point, requiring a simultaneous increase in evaporation surface temperature to maintain vaporization efficiency. The formula for calculating the temperature rise compensation is:

[0083]

[0084] in, This is the vacuum temperature coupling coefficient; To compensate for the increase in boiling point caused by a 0.1 Pa decrease in vacuum; This is the purity temperature gain coefficient; This is due to purity deviation. Used to counteract the effect of increased pressure on boiling point and maintain the original vaporization rate, it is calibrated by the saturated vapor pressure curve of the material. Used to dynamically correct for a decrease in separation efficiency caused by changes in composition.

[0085] M33, Control Command Unit: Generates corresponding control commands based on temperature compensation and vacuum optimization data.

[0086] M331, Generating temperature compensation commands includes: when If heating is required, the heating power should be adjusted. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0087]

[0088] in, This represents the current heating power. The conversion coefficient of the heating system is calibrated as follows: the power increment required to raise the temperature by 1°C; it also includes the adjustment value of the heat transfer medium flow rate. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0089]

[0090] in, This represents the current heat transfer fluid flow rate; The sensitivity of the flow valve is determined by the valve characteristic curve;

[0091] when If cooling is required, the cooling water valve opening increment is calculated using the following formula:

[0092]

[0093] in, The efficiency coefficient of the cooling system is determined through a thermal balance experiment.

[0094] M332. Generates vacuum optimization commands based on vacuum valve opening commands. The specific formula is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] in, This represents the current vacuum valve opening. This represents the vacuum pumping speed coefficient, the change in vacuum level for every 1% change in valve opening. Decreasing the valve opening reduces the pumping speed, causing the system pressure to increase by 0.1 Pa.

[0097] During the generation of correction instructions, multiple safety constraints must be strictly followed: the adjustment value of heating power is strictly limited to between the minimum safe power and 90% of the rated power, while the valve opening is always limited to the effective operating range of 0% to 100%. For dynamic adjustment processes, the system mandates that the power change rate must not exceed 5kW / s, and the valve opening change rate must be controlled within 3% / s, thereby mitigating the risks of thermal shock and mechanical damage to the equipment.

[0098] All instructions are encapsulated in a standardized four-tuple format: device address, operation type, target value, unit, and timestamp. This constraint system is verified in real time by the controller's underlying logic; any out-of-bounds instruction will trigger immediate interception and generate a security event log. For example:

[0099] Temperature compensation command: ;

[0100] Vacuum optimization instructions: .

[0101] M4, Safety Protection Module: Used to receive abnormal information from the distillation execution control module and trigger one or more of the following operations: mechanical emergency stop, thermal runaway prevention, and waste recirculation control; specifically, it may include:

[0102] M41 Mechanical Failure Fusible Link Unit: Used to identify abnormalities in the mechanical transmission system (such as bearing wear or loose coupling) by monitoring the stability of the scraper speed, and to implement graded response protection.

[0103] A Hall effect sensor is used to monitor the scraper rotation speed in real time (accuracy ±0.5 r / min), with data collected every 50 ms. The standard deviation σ of the sliding window for 300 sampling points is dynamically calculated. An alarm is triggered when the rotation speed fluctuation exceeds 3σ, and a static fluctuation threshold of 20 r / min is set as a redundancy protection.

[0104] M411, Warning Phase: When the fluctuation is >3σ and <5σ, the warning phase is initiated and the feed solenoid valve is immediately shut off by 50%. The HMI displays a yellow alarm with a speed trend graph and starts a 1-minute countdown to monitor stability. If the stability is restored, the alarm will be automatically deactivated.

[0105] M412, Emergency Stop Phase: When the fluctuation exceeds 5σ or the warning timeout occurs, the emergency stop phase is initiated, triggering the hard-wired emergency stop circuit (response time <10ms). The electromagnetic brake is activated to stop the scraper within 1.5 seconds, simultaneously triggering an audible and visual alarm (flashing red warning light + continuous buzzer). A manual reset is required after the emergency stop. The system automatically saves the speed data for 30 seconds before and after the fault to an SD card (storing ≥1000 records). Restarting is prohibited before a reset.

[0106] M42, Thermal Runaway Interception Unit: By monitoring the rate of change of vacuum pressure, it can quickly identify the risk of thermal runaway during the distillation process (such as material decomposition or local overheating) and implement energy isolation protection.

[0107] A capacitive vacuum gauge (range 0-10kPa, accuracy ±0.01kPa) is used to monitor the pressure in real time, calculate the pressure deviation change rate within 10 seconds, and trigger an alarm when it exceeds the set value by 0.2%. An independent pressure switch (action value ±0.5%FS) is configured as hardware redundancy.

[0108] M421, Early Warning Stage: When the deviation is >0.2% and <0.5%, the early warning stage is entered, the heating power is automatically reduced to 50%, the jacket cooling water bypass is opened (flow rate 30%), and a level three audible and visual alarm (yellow warning light + voice prompt) is triggered.

[0109] M422, Interruption Phase: When the deviation is >0.5% or continues to exceed 0.2% for more than 30 seconds, the interruption phase is entered. First, the solid-state relay control circuit is cut off (response time <5ms). After 500ms, the heating main circuit breaker is disconnected, and the emergency cooling program is started simultaneously (cooling water flow rate 100% + standby pump).

[0110] The thermal blocking circuit employs automatic power failure protection and is equipped with a temperature memory alloy fuse with a melting point of 150℃ to prevent the temperature control system from failing.

[0111] M43, Reflux Safety Valve Unit: By monitoring the composition of waste materials online, it identifies a decrease in distillation efficiency or abnormal separation, and initiates material reflux for reprocessing to prevent loss of the target product.

[0112] The concentration of the target product in the waste was detected in real time using a near-infrared spectrometer (wavelength 900-1700nm). Spectral data was collected every 2 seconds (detection limit 0.1%, error ±0.3%), and a bypass sampling system was configured (sample replacement time <15 seconds).

[0113] M431, Warning Stage: When the concentration is 3% < concentration ≤ 5%, the warning stage is entered. The scraper speed is automatically increased by 5%, the material residence time is extended by 10%, and the HMI displays an orange alarm message "Distillation efficiency has decreased, start optimization mode".

[0114] M432, Reflux Stage: When the concentration > 5%, the reflux stage begins, triggering a three-way solenoid valve to switch the flow direction, directing waste material into the reflux buffer tank. The variable frequency reflux pump (rated flow rate 10L / min, frequency controlled proportionally to concentration) is then started, automatically stopping when the cumulative reflux flow reaches 50L. The reflux pump is electrically interlocked with the feed pump, and the reflux pipeline is equipped with a mass flow meter and a back pressure valve to ensure a stable flow rate of 5-8L / min.

[0115] When multiple faults in this module are triggered simultaneously, protection is executed according to priority, specifically in the following order: thermal runaway prevention > mechanical fault melting > recirculation safety control.

[0116] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0117] 1. By using hard-wired protection of the safety controller, dual-sensor redundancy, and a three-level abnormal response mechanism, safety risks such as thermal runaway and mechanical failure are resolved, and the system is ensured to be safe and reliable in conjunction with a temperature fuse.

[0118] 2. By using a dynamic coupling algorithm and infrared film thickness closed-loop control, combined with PID temperature compensation and online analysis of vacuum degree adjustment, the problems of liquid film tearing and separation efficiency fluctuations are solved, so that the liquid film thickness is stabilized at 0.1~0.3mm and the purity deviation is ≤0.3%.

[0119] 3. By using a distributed temperature sensor array, automatic pressure calibration, and near-infrared spectroscopy analysis, the system addresses equipment health monitoring and maintenance issues, enabling early warning of insulation layer damage, preventing sensors from being activated beyond their expiration date, and tracing fault data, thereby reducing unplanned downtime.

[0120] The above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent multi-stage distillation system, characterized in that, include: Parameter initialization and self-test module: used to establish system operating baseline by setting process parameters, verifying equipment status and applying safety constraints; Distillation execution control module: used to drive feed film formation, molecular-level separation and recombinant routing based on the benchmark, and output real-time process data and abnormal information to the dynamic adjustment module and the safety protection module respectively; The distillation execution control module includes: Thin film formation control unit: used to form a uniform thin film on the inner wall of the thin film evaporator by adjusting the ratio of material conveying rate to scraper rotation speed; the thin film formation control unit further includes: Dynamic coupler: Used to maintain a constant dynamic coupling index ratio when the feed rate and material conveying rate change. The specific calculation formula is as follows: in, The density of the raw material; This refers to the feed flow rate; The viscosity of the raw material; The rotational speed of the scraping rotor is given by the following formula: in, The coupling index is set to a value, which is determined through fluid dynamics experiments; when As it increases, it rises synchronously. To maintain Maintain a constant temperature to prevent liquid film tearing; Film thickness feedback controller: used to correct the proportional coefficient value in real time based on infrared film thickness data; the control expression is: in, Target film thickness; These are measured values ​​using an infrared film thickness gauge. This is the integral gain coefficient, corresponding to the unit film thickness deviation. Adjustment amount; Dynamic adjustment module: used to perform temperature compensation and vacuum optimization based on the real-time process data, and generate correction instructions to be fed back to the distillation execution control module; Safety protection module: Used to receive abnormal information from the distillation execution control module and trigger one or more of the following operations: mechanical emergency stop, thermal runaway prevention, and waste reflux control.

2. The intelligent multi-stage distillation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process parameters include: heating temperature, scraper spacing, and stirring speed; The device status includes: the integrity of the nano-aerogel insulation layer and the calibration status of the pressure sensor; The safety constraints include: vacuum tolerance and temperature overshoot threshold.

3. The intelligent multi-stage distillation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameter initialization and self-test module includes: The process parameter preset unit is used to set the heating temperature range, scraper spacing, and stirring speed of the thin film evaporator. The equipment health diagnostic unit is used to verify the integrity of the nano-aerogel insulation layer and the calibration status of the pressure sensor. Safety boundary loading unit is used to apply hard constraints on vacuum tolerance and temperature overshoot threshold.

4. The intelligent multi-stage distillation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heating temperature range is 60–120℃, the scraper spacing is 0.5–2mm, and the stirring speed is 0–200r / min.

5. The intelligent multi-stage distillation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vacuum tolerance is ±0.01 Pa, and the temperature overshoot threshold is ±0.5 °C.

6. The intelligent multi-stage distillation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distillation execution control module includes: Molecular-level separation execution unit: used to control the temperature gradient between the evaporation surface and the condensation surface to achieve molecular-level phase change separation; Multi-level material routing unit: used to trigger the reset of secondary evaporation parameters in response to infrared spectral signals.

7. The intelligent multi-stage distillation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic adjustment module includes: Temperature compensation unit: used to increase heating power and rotation speed when the output decreases; Vacuum optimization unit: used to adjust the vacuum level and the evaporation surface temperature when the purity decreases; Control command unit: Generates corresponding control commands based on temperature compensation and vacuum optimization data.

8. The intelligent multi-stage distillation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The security protection module includes: Mechanical failure fuse unit: used to trigger a halving of the feed rate and initiate an emergency stop within 1 minute when the scraper speed fluctuation exceeds 3 times the standard deviation; Thermal runaway prevention unit: used to cut off the heating power supply when there is a vacuum pressure deviation; Backflow safety valve unit: Used to start the backflow pump when the target product content in the waste material is reached.

9. The intelligent multi-stage distillation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The vacuum pressure deviation is greater than 0.2%, and the content of the target product is greater than 5%.

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