Pure electric refrigerator car multi-element integrated heat management system and regulation and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-element integrated thermal management system of a pure electric refrigerator car and a regulation and control method, a three-in-one liquid cooling framework is adopted, a passenger compartment air conditioner, power battery thermal management and a refrigerating box refrigerating system are integrated, a passenger compartment liquid cooling loop, a battery liquid cooling loop and a main liquid cooling loop share a cooling liquid circulation loop, the system energy consumption is reduced, and the system energy consumption is reduced. Through main liquid cooling loop sharing, the number of water pumps and valves is reduced, and the cost and the system complexity are reduced; a dynamic priority control strategy and a waste heat recovery mechanism are adopted, the flow direction and flow distribution of cooling liquid are adjusted in real time according to the vehicle running state, and the overall efficiency of the system is optimized; a system loop is switched by means of an electromagnetic valve, so that the refrigeration efficiency is optimized, collaborative optimization of cab heating, cargo compartment refrigeration and power battery temperature control is achieved, and efficient distribution and application of energy are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of refrigerated truck thermal management, and in particular to a multi-element integrated thermal management system and a control method for a pure electric refrigerated truck. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the thermal management system of a pure electric refrigerated truck has a "chimney" architecture in design, and the refrigerated box, passenger cabin and battery are respectively provided with independent thermal management systems, and there is a lack of energy and information interaction and cooperation between the subsystems, resulting in a series of performance defects; for example, the passenger cabin air conditioner (typical heat load 3-5kW), the battery cooling system (2-4kW) and the refrigerated box refrigeration system (4-7kW) adopt independent power supply and heat exchange circuits respectively, and the actual measurement data shows that the total load can reach 12-16kW when the three systems are simultaneously full load, which presents an obvious energy consumption superposition effect.

[0003] In addition, in a high temperature environment, the battery cooling demand and the refrigerated box refrigeration demand compete for cooling resources, forming a thermal management conflict; and each subsystem needs to be separately equipped with a compressor, a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) heater, an electric water pump and other core components, such as three sets of systems of a certain mainstream vehicle, which need to use 6 electric water pumps, causing equipment redundancy loss; at the same time, the medium-high temperature heat source generated by the battery and motor cooling is directly discharged into the environment, while the passenger cabin heating in winter needs to additionally consume 3-5kW of electric energy to drive the PTC heater, and there is an energy recovery blank; in addition, it is difficult to coordinate the battery heating and refrigerated box insulation requirements in cold environments, and the low temperature adaptability is poor, and the multiple independent systems make the vehicle layout complex, the space occupation large, and the maintenance cost also high. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a multi-element integrated thermal management system and a control method for a pure electric refrigerated truck to solve the problems of low energy efficiency, thermal management conflict, poor low temperature adaptability and equipment redundancy in the existing pure electric refrigerated truck thermal management system.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present application is:

[0006] The application discloses a kind of pure electric refrigerated vehicle multi-element integrated thermal management system, including refrigeration circuit of refrigerated box, passenger cabin refrigeration circuit, liquid cooling circuit and intelligent control unit, the liquid cooling circuit includes main liquid cooling circuit, battery liquid cooling circuit and passenger cabin liquid cooling circuit, the liquid cooling circuit is connected with passenger cabin refrigeration circuit and refrigeration circuit of refrigerated box respectively by plate heat exchanger, and heat exchange of refrigerant and cooling liquid is realized by plate heat exchanger, wherein, main liquid cooling circuit is mainly connected by water pump, expansion tank, cabin heat exchanger, several three-way valves, solenoid valve and main pipeline and plate heat exchanger, passenger cabin circuit includes cabin heat exchanger and is connected with plate heat exchanger and main liquid cooling circuit by solenoid valve and branch pipeline, battery liquid cooling circuit includes battery liquid cooling plate and is connected with main liquid cooling circuit and plate heat exchanger by branch pipeline and solenoid valve, three liquid cooling circuits share water pump and cooling liquid circulation loop, and the shunt of cooling liquid in each liquid cooling circuit is realized by switching solenoid valve / three-way valve, and intelligent control unit monitors and adjusts system operating state in real time, controls compressor operation and cooling liquid circulation according to vehicle operating state, realizes dynamic allocation of cooling resource, and realizes efficient allocation of energy by waste heat recovery.

[0007] Further, plate heat exchanger has two groups, the first group plate heat exchanger includes plate condenser I and plate evaporator I, and the second group plate heat exchanger includes plate condenser II and plate evaporator II, wherein the first group plate heat exchanger is connected in parallel with refrigeration circuit of refrigerated box, and the second group plate heat exchanger is connected in series with passenger cabin refrigeration circuit.

[0008] Further, the refrigeration circuit of refrigerated box includes refrigeration box compressor, refrigeration box condenser, electronic expansion valve I and refrigeration box evaporator connected in sequence, wherein plate evaporator I is connected in parallel between refrigeration box condenser and electronic expansion valve I, and plate condenser I is connected in parallel between electronic expansion valve I and refrigeration box evaporator.

[0009] Further, the passenger cabin refrigeration circuit includes passenger cabin compressor, plate condenser II, liquid storage tank, electronic expansion valve II and plate evaporator II connected in sequence.

[0010] Further, the main liquid cooling circuit includes two water pumps and two expansion tanks, expansion tank I, water pump I and one end of the plate condenser II are connected in series, expansion tank II, water pump II and one end of the plate evaporator II are connected in series, the other end of the plate condenser II and the plate evaporator II are connected with the external heat exchanger through the three-way valve / solenoid valve and the main pipeline respectively; the cabin heat exchanger includes a cabin condenser and a cabin evaporator, in the passenger cabin liquid cooling circuit, the cabin condenser and one end of the plate condenser I are connected in series, the cabin evaporator and one end of the plate evaporator I are connected in series, the other end of the cabin condenser, the cabin evaporator and the plate condenser I are connected to the main liquid cooling circuit through the solenoid valve / three-way valve and the branch pipeline respectively, the other end of the plate evaporator I is connected with the battery liquid cooling plate in series, the battery liquid cooling plate is connected with the main liquid cooling circuit through the three-way valve / solenoid valve and the branch pipeline, three liquid cooling circuits are integrated, share water pumps and cooling liquid circulation circuit, and multiple combinations of cooling liquid flow direction are realized through switching of the three-way valve / solenoid valve.

[0011] Further, the intelligent control unit includes a central controller, a vehicle-mounted communication module and a temperature sensor network, the temperature sensor network includes a plurality of temperature sensors distributed in the passenger cabin, the battery box, the refrigeration box and the environment, for collecting temperature data in real time and transmitting the data to the central controller to provide basis for control decision of the system, the central controller analyzes and processes the data collected by the temperature sensor network based on the fuzzy PID algorithm to generate control signals for controlling the rotation speed of the water pump, the opening and closing of the solenoid valve and the opening degree of the three-way valve in the liquid cooling circuit, realizing accurate control of the cooling liquid flow and flow direction, integrated control of the passenger cabin thermal management, the power battery thermal management and the refrigeration system of the refrigeration box, optimizing the operation efficiency of the system, and the vehicle-mounted communication module is linked with the vehicle management system through the CAN bus to realize remote monitoring and optimization.

[0012] Further, a phase change material is embedded in the wall surface of the refrigeration box, which absorbs and releases heat by using the phase change characteristics of the phase change material, maintains the temperature stability in the box and reduces the frequent start and stop of the compressor.

[0013] A kind of pure electric refrigerated truck multi-element integrated thermal management system regulation and control method, temperature sensing network monitors refrigeration box temperature, battery temperature, passenger cabin temperature, cooling liquid temperature and environment temperature in real time after system operation, and feedback to central controller, central controller analyzes and processes the data collected by temperature sensor network based on fuzzy PID algorithm, and generates control signal in combination with vehicle operating state, controls the operation of refrigeration circuit and adjusts the rotation speed of water pump, the opening degree of solenoid valve and three-way valve in liquid cooling circuit, realizes accurate control of the cooling liquid flow and flow direction, ensures that cooling liquid can be distributed to different circuits as needed, meets the thermal management needs of vehicle under different conditions.

[0014] Further, in the high-temperature mode, the low-temperature demand of the refrigeration box is preferentially guaranteed, the cold energy generated by the passenger cabin refrigeration circuit is used to improve the heat dissipation condition of the refrigeration box in the refrigeration condition through heat exchange of the passenger cabin liquid cooling circuit, and a parallel heat dissipation enhancement mechanism is started to assist the refrigeration of the refrigeration box; in the low-temperature mode, the heat generated by the battery heat dissipation and the condensation heat dissipation of the refrigeration box in the refrigeration condition are recycled through the battery liquid cooling circuit and the passenger cabin liquid cooling circuit to be used for heating the passenger cabin; in the normal mode, the refrigeration / heat supply strategy is adjusted according to the load condition, when the load is low, the refrigeration circuit of the refrigeration box is started, the low-temperature coolant cooled by the plate heat exchanger is used to cool the passenger cabin and the battery respectively; when the load is high, the parallel heat dissipation enhancement mechanism is started; in the emergency mode, the system can immediately cut off the refrigeration of the refrigeration box, concentrate the cooling resources to cool the battery, effectively inhibit the battery thermal runaway phenomenon, and ensure the safety of the vehicle.

[0015] Further, the parallel heat dissipation enhancement mechanism refers to that the refrigerant of the refrigeration circuit of the refrigeration box first performs primary heat exchange with the cooling liquid in the plate heat exchanger, and then links the out-of-cabin heat exchanger of the main liquid cooling circuit to implement secondary heat dissipation.

[0016] Advantages:

[0017] The technical scheme of the present application adopts a three-in-one liquid cooling architecture, integrates the passenger cabin air conditioner, the power battery thermal management and the refrigeration system of the refrigeration box, realizes coupling connection of the liquid cooling circuit and the refrigeration cycle circuit through the plate heat exchanger, realizes heat exchange of the refrigerant and the cooling liquid, integrates the passenger cabin liquid cooling circuit, the battery liquid cooling circuit and the main liquid cooling circuit, shares the cooling liquid circulation circuit, reduces the system energy consumption, switches the flow direction of the cooling liquid through the electromagnetic valve and the three-way valve, realizes the shunt / confluence of the cooling liquid in each circuit, shares the main liquid cooling circuit, only needs 1-2 high-power electric water pumps (instead of the original independent water pumps of each subsystem) to drive the entire cooling liquid circulation, divides the flow to each circuit through valve control, and does not need to equip pumps for each system.

[0018] The present application realizes real-time adjustment of the flow direction and flow distribution of the cooling liquid according to the running state of the vehicle through a dynamic priority control strategy, optimizes the overall efficiency of the system, realizes collaborative optimization of the cab heating, the cargo compartment refrigeration and the power battery temperature control through the pipeline switching of the liquid cooling circuit, realizes the heating function of the cab air conditioner through the condensation heat release of the refrigeration condition of the refrigeration box in the winter condition by referring to the principle of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle, realizes efficient and energy-saving heating, and can also realize the heat preservation of the power battery pack to prevent the decrease of the electric quantity of the battery due to low temperature in winter or provide cooling for the power battery pack in summer through the specific arrangement of the liquid cooling circuit.

[0019] The system of the application adopts a parallel double-circulation design, the battery liquid cooling circuit and the refrigeration circuit of the refrigerated container are independently connected in parallel and operate, are coupled by a plate heat exchanger, so that the two can share cooling resources and high-grade heat sources; in an emergency mode, the refrigeration of the refrigerated container can be cut off, the cooling resources are concentrated to suppress the thermal runaway of the battery, and the safety of the vehicle is ensured; in a high-temperature mode, the low-temperature demand of the refrigerated container is preferentially ensured.

[0020] The application optimizes the overall efficiency of the system, reduces energy consumption, and prolongs the cruising range of the whole vehicle through dynamic priority control and waste heat recovery; at the same time, through the specific arrangement of the refrigerant pipeline and the application of the phase change material, the performance and reliability of the system are further improved. In addition, the technical scheme of the application can provide refrigeration for the cab more energy-efficiently in summer through the plate heat exchanger, greatly saving the battery power, reducing the frequent start-stop of the compressor, and prolonging the service life of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is an integrated liquid cooling system architecture diagram of the pure electric refrigerated vehicle of the application;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a refrigeration working mode schematic diagram of the application;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a high-temperature weather coping mode schematic diagram of the application;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a passenger compartment battery large load working condition mode schematic diagram of the application;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a refrigerated container condensation heat recovery passenger compartment heating mode schematic diagram of the application;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a refrigerated container condensation heat recovery passenger compartment, battery heating mode schematic diagram of the application;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a refrigerated container, battery heat recovery passenger compartment heating mode schematic diagram of the application;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a refrigerated container, battery refrigeration, passenger compartment heat recovery heating mode schematic diagram of the application;

[0029] Figure 9 It is a battery thermal runaway protection mode schematic diagram of the application;

[0030] Figure 10 It is a refrigerated container reaching a target temperature, passenger compartment single heating mode schematic diagram of the application;

[0031] Figure 11 It is a refrigeration distribution logic diagram of the application.

[0032] The markings in the diagram are: 101 Crew compartment compressor, 102 Plate condenser II, 103 Liquid receiver tank, 104 Plate evaporator II, 105 Electronic expansion valve II, 201 Water pump I, 202 Expansion tank I, 203 In-cabin condenser, 204 External heat exchanger, 205 In-cabin evaporator, 206 Water pump II, 207 Expansion tank II, 208 Battery liquid cooling plate, 301 Refrigerator compressor, 302 Refrigerator condenser, 303 Plate condenser I, 304 Plate evaporator I, 305 Refrigerator evaporator, 306 Electronic expansion valve I, F1-F6: Solenoid valves. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] A multi-element integrated thermal management system for a pure electric refrigerated truck includes a refrigerated compartment cooling circuit, a passenger compartment cooling circuit, a liquid cooling circuit, and an intelligent control unit. The liquid cooling circuit includes a main liquid cooling circuit, a battery liquid cooling circuit, and a passenger compartment liquid cooling circuit. The three liquid cooling circuits are integrated through a solenoid valve / three-way valve, sharing a water pump and coolant circulation. The liquid cooling circuit is connected to the passenger compartment cooling circuit and the refrigerated compartment cooling circuit through a plate heat exchanger to achieve heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant. The intelligent control unit monitors and adjusts the system's operating status in real time, controlling the compressor operation and coolant circulation according to the vehicle's operating status to achieve dynamic allocation of cooling resources and efficient energy distribution through waste heat recovery and utilization.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, the main hardware components and connections of the system are illustrated. The entire thermal management system is mainly composed of a compressor, condenser, evaporator, electronic expansion valve, plate heat exchanger, electric water pump, in-cabin heat exchanger, three-way valve, solenoid valve, and other components. The main liquid cooling circuit is mainly composed of a water pump, expansion tank, external heat exchanger 204, several three-way valves, solenoid valves, and main pipelines connected to the plate heat exchanger. The crew compartment circuit includes the in-cabin heat exchanger and is connected to the plate heat exchanger and main liquid cooling circuit through solenoid valves and branch pipelines. The battery liquid cooling circuit includes the battery liquid cooling plate 208 and is connected to the main liquid cooling circuit and plate heat exchanger through branch pipelines and solenoid valves. The distribution / merging of coolant in each liquid cooling circuit is achieved by switching solenoid valves / three-way valves.

[0036] There are two sets of plate heat exchangers. The first set of plate heat exchangers is connected in parallel with the refrigeration circuit of the refrigerator box, including plate condenser I303 and plate evaporator I304. The second set of plate heat exchangers is connected in series with the refrigeration circuit of the passenger compartment, including plate condenser II102 and plate evaporator II104.

[0037] There are six solenoid valves, designated F1-F6 respectively. The in-cabin heat exchangers include an in-cabin evaporator 205 and an in-cabin condenser 203.

[0038] The refrigerator refrigeration circuit, as the main refrigeration cycle, includes a refrigerator compressor 301, a refrigerator condenser 302, an electronic expansion valve I 306, and a refrigerator condenser 305 connected in sequence. The refrigerator refrigeration circuit is mainly used to refrigerate the refrigerator and ensure the low temperature environment of the refrigerator. The refrigerator compressor 301 compresses the refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous state. After the refrigerant is cooled by the refrigerator condenser 302, it is throttled by the electronic expansion valve I 306 into a low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase flow, enters the refrigerator condenser 305 to absorb heat (refrigeration), and then flows back to the refrigerator compressor 301.

[0039] The crew cabin refrigeration circuit serves as an auxiliary refrigeration cycle circuit, comprising a crew cabin compressor 101, a plate condenser II 102, a liquid receiver 103, an electronic expansion valve II 105, and a plate evaporator II 104 connected in sequence, for auxiliary cooling / heating of the crew cabin.

[0040] The liquid cooling circuit is connected to the refrigerator's refrigeration circuit via a plate heat exchanger. Specifically, the plate evaporator I304 is connected in parallel between the refrigerator's condenser 302 and the electronic expansion valve I306, and the plate condenser I303 is connected in parallel between the electronic expansion valve I306 and the refrigerator's condenser 305. While the refrigerator's refrigeration circuit is circulating, heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant is achieved at the plate heat exchanger. The coolant transfers the refrigerator's cooling capacity (or heating capacity) to the liquid cooling circuit, helping to maintain the refrigerator's low-temperature environment, and energy interaction between the various liquid cooling circuits is achieved through the shared coolant circulation.

[0041] Plate condenser II 102 and plate evaporator II 104 are connected in series with the crew compartment refrigeration circuit. When the crew compartment compressor 101 is working, the coolant also achieves heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant at the plate heat exchanger. The coolant transfers the cold (or heat) of the refrigerant in the crew compartment refrigeration circuit to the liquid cooling circuit, and achieves energy interaction between the liquid cooling circuits through the shared coolant circulation. When the crew compartment compressor 101 is not working, plate condenser II 102 and plate evaporator II 104 are only used as components for circuit connection and do not perform heat exchange function.

[0042] The main liquid cooling circuit mainly consists of a water pump, an expansion tank, an external heat exchanger 204, several three-way valves, solenoid valves, and a main pipeline connected to the plate heat exchanger. Specifically, the main liquid cooling circuit includes two water pumps and two expansion tanks, both of which are electric water pumps. Expansion tank I 202 and water pump I 201 are connected in series with plate condenser II 102, and expansion tank II 207 and water pump II 206 are connected in series with plate evaporator II 104. The other ends of plate condenser II 102 and plate evaporator II 104 are connected to the external heat exchanger 204 through three-way valves / solenoid valves, respectively. As the core circulation channel of the entire system, the main liquid cooling circuit is responsible for transporting coolant and providing a medium for heat exchange for other branch circuits. It is a key link connecting various subsystems. The coolant circulates in the liquid cooling circuit to achieve heat transfer and distribution. The external heat exchanger 204 is mainly used for auxiliary heat dissipation under high-temperature conditions to ensure the stability of the coolant temperature in the main liquid cooling circuit.

[0043] In the passenger compartment liquid cooling circuit, the in-cabin condenser 203 is connected in series with the plate condenser I 303, and the in-cabin evaporator 205 is connected in series with the plate evaporator I 304. The other ends of the in-cabin condenser 203, the in-cabin evaporator 205, and the plate condenser I 303 are connected to the main liquid cooling circuit through solenoid valves / three-way valves, respectively. The coolant is diverted from the main liquid cooling circuit to the in-cabin heat exchanger or the external heat exchanger 204 to exchange heat with the passenger compartment air, and then flows back to the main liquid cooling circuit through pipelines. The passenger compartment liquid cooling circuit is coupled to the refrigerator cooling circuit through the plate heat exchanger, and is mainly used to regulate the passenger compartment temperature to provide a comfortable ambient temperature for the passengers.

[0044] Battery liquid cooling circuit: The other end of the plate evaporator I 304 is connected in series with the battery liquid cooling plate 208, which is attached to the battery module for battery temperature management. The battery liquid cooling plate 208 is connected to the main liquid cooling circuit through a three-way valve / solenoid valve. Coolant flows from the main liquid cooling circuit into the battery liquid cooling plate 208 and directly exchanges heat with the battery (removing heat in summer and providing heat in winter), and then flows back to the main circuit through the pipeline to ensure that the battery is always in a suitable operating temperature range, thereby improving battery performance and lifespan. The plate evaporator I 304 and the in-cabin evaporator 205 can regulate the temperature of the coolant flowing into the battery circuit to ensure that it matches the battery requirements.

[0045] The three liquid cooling circuits are connected by solenoid valves / three-way valves, sharing a water pump and coolant circulation circuit. The three-way valves / solenoid valves can be used to switch between various combinations of coolant flow directions.

[0046] The intelligent control unit includes a central controller, an onboard communication module, and a temperature sensor network. The temperature sensor network comprises multiple temperature sensors distributed in the passenger compartment, battery compartment, refrigerator compartment, and environment. These sensors collect temperature data from various locations in real time and transmit the data to the central controller, providing a basis for system control decisions. The central controller, based on a fuzzy PID algorithm, analyzes and processes the data collected by the temperature sensor network and generates control signals in conjunction with the vehicle's operating status. These signals are used to control and adjust the speed of the water pump, the opening and closing of the solenoid valve, and the opening degree of the three-way valve in the liquid cooling circuit. This achieves precise control of the coolant flow rate and direction, enabling integrated control of passenger compartment thermal management, power battery thermal management, and the refrigerator compartment refrigeration system, thus optimizing system operating efficiency. The onboard communication module is linked with the vehicle management system (BMS, VCU) via a CAN bus to achieve remote monitoring and optimization.

[0047] Water pumps, solenoid valves, and three-way valves are the actuators for system control. Water pumps provide the power for coolant circulation and regulate the coolant flow rate. Solenoid valves and three-way valves change the direction of coolant flow according to the control signal from the central controller, so that the coolant can be rationally distributed in different loops according to the system's needs, achieving precise temperature control of each subsystem.

[0048] The water pump, as the power source of the entire liquid cooling circulation system, generates strong pressure through high-speed operation, driving the coolant to circulate continuously and stably in the main liquid cooling circuit, ensuring that the coolant can reach all parts that need heat dissipation or heating in a timely manner. The heat exchangers (including the in-cabin heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger 204) play an important role in exchanging heat with the external environment. When the system needs to dissipate heat, the heat exchangers can quickly dissipate the heat carried by the coolant to the external environment; when heating is required, they can absorb heat from the external environment and transfer it to the coolant. The three-way valve is like a traffic hub in the system. It can flexibly and accurately adjust the flow direction of the coolant according to the precise control signal issued by the central controller, ensuring that the coolant can be distributed to different circuits as needed, meeting the thermal management needs of the vehicle under different operating conditions.

[0049] The multi-functional integrated thermal management system of this invention, regulated by an intelligent control unit, achieves coordinated optimization of cab thermal management, refrigerator cooling, and power battery temperature control. After the system is operational, a temperature sensor network monitors the refrigerator temperature, battery temperature, passenger compartment temperature, coolant temperature, and ambient temperature in real time, and feeds this data back to the central controller. The central controller, based on a fuzzy PID algorithm, analyzes and processes the data collected by the temperature sensor network and, combined with the vehicle's operating status, generates control signals to control the operation of the refrigeration circuit and adjust the speed of the water pump, the opening of the solenoid valve, and the three-way valve in the liquid cooling circuit. This achieves precise control of the coolant flow rate and direction, ensuring that the coolant is distributed to different circuits as needed, meeting the vehicle's thermal management requirements under various operating conditions. Figure 11 As shown, in high-temperature mode (>30℃), priority is given to ensuring the low-temperature requirements of the refrigerated compartment. The cooling capacity generated by the passenger compartment cooling circuit is used to improve the heat dissipation of the refrigerated compartment under refrigeration conditions through heat exchange in the passenger compartment liquid cooling circuit. At the same time, a parallel heat dissipation enhancement mechanism is activated to assist the refrigerated compartment in cooling. In low-temperature mode (<0℃), the heat generated by battery cooling and the condensation heat dissipation of the refrigerated compartment under refrigeration conditions are recovered through the battery liquid cooling circuit and the passenger compartment liquid cooling circuit and used to heat the passenger compartment. In normal mode (0-30℃), the cooling / heating strategy is adjusted according to the load. Under low load, the refrigerated compartment cooling circuit is activated, and the low-temperature refrigerant cooled by the plate heat exchanger is used to cool the passenger compartment and the battery respectively. Under high load, the parallel heat dissipation enhancement mechanism is activated. In emergency mode, the system can immediately cut off the refrigerated compartment cooling and concentrate cooling resources to cool the battery, effectively suppressing battery thermal runaway and ensuring vehicle safety.

[0050] The following is a combination of Table 1 and Figures 2-10 Several specific working modes of the present invention will be described.

[0051] Table 1 System Working Modes and Corresponding Operating Statuses

[0052] 1. Cooling working mode

[0053] Start-up conditions: Summer ambient temperature 25-30℃, low heat load on the refrigerated box, passenger compartment and battery (total load <10kW), and the vehicle is in a light-load transport or short-distance driving state.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, in this mode, all solenoid valves F1-F6 are closed, and only water pump II206 is turned on.

[0055] Operating Procedure: The refrigeration cycle is simplified, with only the main refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator compartment activated. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the refrigerator compartment compressor 301 is condensed into liquid by the refrigerator compartment condenser 302, flows through the plate condenser I 303, and then flows through the plate evaporator I 304 and the refrigerator compartment condenser 305 in sequence after being throttled by the electronic expansion valve I 306, completing the bipolar heat absorption process. The low-temperature coolant cooled by the plate evaporator I 304 directly cools the passenger compartment and battery, without the need to activate the external heat exchanger 204. The specific coolant flow path is shown in Table 1.

[0056] Control Logic: The central controller uses a fuzzy PID algorithm to adjust the compressor speed and coolant flow rate based on the ambient temperature and the real-time temperature of each circuit. When the refrigerator temperature stabilizes within ±2℃ of the target range, it enters an energy-saving idle mode, reducing compressor power.

[0057] Intelligent throttling: The electronic expansion valve I306 automatically adjusts its opening according to the refrigerator temperature (target -18℃) to maintain a stable refrigerant flow.

[0058] Advantages of this mode: Under low-load conditions in summer, it achieves efficient and energy-saving cooling through a single cycle, reducing equipment wear and extending compressor life.

[0059] 2. High Temperature Weather Response Mode

[0060] Start-up conditions: Ambient temperature > 35℃, cooling efficiency of condenser 302 in refrigerator decreases (condensing pressure > 2.5MPa), or battery temperature remains > 40℃, and conventional cooling cannot meet the requirements.

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, in this mode, only solenoid valve F6 is closed, while water pump I201 and water pump II206 are turned on.

[0062] Operating procedure: The refrigeration circuit of the refrigerated container is in operation, and the refrigeration circuit of the passenger compartment is started at the same time to provide auxiliary heat dissipation. The refrigerant and the coolant in the main liquid cooling circuit exchange heat in the plate heat exchanger to reduce the temperature of the coolant in the main liquid cooling circuit.

[0063] Coolant flow path: Referring to Table 1, both water pump I 201 and water pump II 206 are turned on. On the one hand, water pump I 201 drives the coolant through plate condenser II 102 and then through the external heat exchanger 204 for heat dissipation. On the other hand, water pump II 206 drives the coolant through plate evaporator II 104 for cooling and then flows to the internal evaporator 205 and plate condenser to assist in the cooling of the crew compartment and the refrigerator. Furthermore, water pump II 206 drives the coolant through plate evaporator II 104 and then through the internal evaporator 205 and plate evaporator II 304 to enter the battery liquid cooling plate 208 to cool the battery.

[0064] Multi-stage heat dissipation enhancement: The refrigerant discharged from the refrigerator compressor 301 is first cooled by the refrigerator condenser 302, and then further cooled by the external heat exchanger 204 of the main liquid cooling circuit. The opening of the electronic expansion valve I 306 is increased to increase the refrigerant flow. At the same time, the coolant in the battery liquid cooling circuit is first cooled by the internal evaporator 205, and then enters the battery liquid cooling plate 208 to ensure that the battery temperature is ≤40℃.

[0065] Control logic: When the outlet temperature of the condenser 302 in the refrigerator compartment is detected to be greater than 55°C or the battery temperature is greater than 38°C, the auxiliary cooling system is automatically started. The central controller adjusts the speed of the auxiliary water pump through a fuzzy PID algorithm to optimize the cooling efficiency based on the ambient wind speed and vehicle speed.

[0066] Advantages of this model: For extreme high-temperature environments, the cooling capacity of the crew cabin cooling system assists the cooling of the refrigerator box, effectively improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the cooling system and battery, and solving the problem of poor high-temperature adaptability.

[0067] 3. Passenger compartment battery high-load operating mode

[0068] Start-up conditions: Summer ambient temperature 25℃~30℃, refrigerated container needs to maintain low temperature (below -18℃), passenger compartment is full and battery is in high power discharge state (such as frequent start-stop), total load ≥10kW.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, only solenoid valve F5 is open, and water pumps I201 and II206 are activated.

[0070] Operating Procedure: Dual-cycle coordination. The main cooling cycle of the refrigerated container is responsible for the core cooling of the refrigerated container, while the auxiliary cycle, namely the crew compartment cooling circuit, is used to enhance the heat dissipation of the crew compartment and the battery. Specifically, the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerated container compressor 301 is cooled by the refrigerated container condenser 302. Part of it enters the refrigerated container condenser 305 through the electronic expansion valve I 306, and the other part exchanges heat with the coolant through the plate evaporator I 304. In this mode, the coolant is divided into two paths: one path is cooled by secondary heat dissipation through the external heat exchanger 204; the other path is used to cool the battery through the battery liquid cooling plate 208.

[0071] Dynamic flow distribution: Two water pumps operate simultaneously, and the flow ratio of each circuit is adjusted through a three-way valve and a solenoid valve (e.g., 50% for the refrigerator circuit, 30% for the passenger compartment, and 20% for the battery) to ensure that the temperature of the refrigerator is stable while meeting the heat dissipation needs of the passenger compartment and the battery.

[0072] Control logic: The central controller monitors the load of each subsystem in real time. When the battery temperature is >35℃ or the passenger compartment temperature is >28℃, it automatically increases the coolant flow of the corresponding circuit. It also links with the VCU via the CAN bus to dynamically adjust the compressor power according to the vehicle's driving status (such as acceleration and hill climbing).

[0073] Advantages of this mode: Under high-load conditions in summer, the dual circulation and dynamic flow distribution balance the cooling needs of multiple subsystems, avoid the cumulative energy consumption effect of traditional systems, and improve overall energy efficiency.

[0074] 4. Refrigerated compartment condensation heat recovery passenger compartment heating mode

[0075] Start-up conditions: Ambient temperature < 15℃, passenger compartment temperature < set value (e.g., 20℃), refrigerator in cooling mode, battery SOC > 20%, vehicle in driving or parked (with auxiliary power).

[0076] like Figure 5 As shown, only the solenoid valve F1 is open, and water pump I201 is turned on.

[0077] Operating procedure: The refrigerator compressor 301 operates, compressing the refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous state, which is then sent to the refrigerator condenser 302 through pipelines. In the refrigerator condenser 302, the refrigerant releases heat (condensation heat) to the outside world and gradually cools and liquefies. After completing the heat exchange, the refrigerant enters the refrigerator condenser 305 through the electronic expansion valve I 306 to absorb heat and cool down, and then returns to the compressor to complete the refrigeration cycle.

[0078] Heat recovery and transfer: Through plate condenser I303, high-temperature refrigerant and coolant exchange heat. The coolant absorbs heat and rises in temperature. The heated coolant is driven by water pump I201 and transported through pipeline to cabin condenser 203. Fan forces air to flow through cabin condenser 203. The air absorbs heat from the coolant and becomes hot air, which is sent into the crew compartment to achieve heating of the crew compartment.

[0079] Control Logic: The central controller monitors the passenger compartment temperature and the refrigeration demand of the refrigerator in real time; when the passenger compartment temperature is <20℃, the water pump speed and fan speed are increased; if the refrigeration load of the refrigerator changes, the refrigerant flow rate and heat recovery ratio are dynamically adjusted through the electronic expansion valve to ensure that the refrigerator temperature is stable (e.g., -18℃ to -10℃) while meeting the heating demand of the passenger compartment.

[0080] Advantages of this model: It recovers the condensation heat of the refrigerated container and converts it into heating energy for the passenger compartment, avoiding heat waste, reducing the energy consumption of traditional PTC heating, and lowering the overall vehicle power consumption; in cold weather, it ensures a low-temperature environment for refrigerated goods and provides a comfortable temperature for the passenger compartment, achieving efficient energy utilization and coordinated system operation, and improving the overall energy efficiency and economy of the vehicle.

[0081] 5. Refrigerated compartment condensation heat recovery passenger compartment and battery heating mode

[0082] Start-up conditions: Winter ambient temperature -10℃~0℃, passenger compartment set temperature >20℃, battery SOC >25%, vehicle is in driving or low-speed operation.

[0083] like Figure 6 As shown, only solenoid valves F1, F2, F3, and F4 are open, and water pump I201 is turned on.

[0084] Operating procedure: A heat pump cycle is constructed using the refrigeration system as the heat source. The high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the refrigeration unit compressor 301 flows first through the plate condenser I 303, releasing condensation heat to heat the coolant. The coolant is then circulated through the water pump I 201 into the cabin condenser 203 to provide heating for the crew compartment. After releasing heat, the refrigerant undergoes a secondary heat exchange with the refrigeration unit evaporator 305 via the plate evaporator I 304, absorbing the remaining heat before returning to the refrigeration unit compressor 301.

[0085] Battery thermal insulation synergy: After the coolant heats the passenger compartment, part of it is diverted to the battery liquid cooling circuit, and the battery liquid cooling plate 208 keeps the battery pack warm, maintaining the battery temperature above 10°C and improving the battery charging and discharging efficiency.

[0086] Phase change material assistance: The phase change material on the walls of the refrigerator solidifies at low temperatures and releases heat, helping to maintain the temperature inside the refrigerator and reduce compressor running time.

[0087] Control logic: The central controller adjusts the refrigerant flow rate and coolant distribution ratio of the heat pump cycle according to the temperature requirements of the passenger compartment (target 22℃~26℃) and the battery temperature; when the battery temperature is <10℃, the coolant flow rate of the battery liquid cooling circuit is increased; when the refrigerator temperature is stable, the power of the refrigerator compressor 301 is reduced to the maintenance mode.

[0088] Advantages of this model: It utilizes the condensation heat of the refrigeration system and the waste heat of the battery to achieve zero-energy heating for the passenger cabin, while ensuring the low-temperature performance of the battery, thus solving the problem of high energy consumption of PTC for winter heating in traditional systems.

[0089] 6. Refrigerated compartment and battery heat recovery passenger compartment heating mode

[0090] Start-up conditions: Ambient temperature < 0℃, passenger compartment requires heating, battery SOC > 30%, vehicle is in motion.

[0091] like Figure 7 As shown: Solenoid valves only close F5 and F6, and turn on water pump I201 and water pump II206.

[0092] Operating procedure: When the refrigerator compressor 301 starts, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant first flows through the plate condenser I 303, releasing condensation heat to heat the coolant. The coolant, driven by the water pump I 201, enters the cabin condenser 203 in the crew compartment circuit to heat the crew compartment. After releasing heat, the refrigerant enters the plate evaporator I 304 and the refrigerator evaporator 305 through the throttling device, i.e., the electronic expansion valve I 306, where it absorbs heat from the battery and the refrigerator condensation heat and evaporates. The low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant returns to the refrigerator compressor 301.

[0093] Battery insulation: The coolant heats the battery pack through the battery liquid cooling plate 208 in the battery liquid cooling circuit, maintaining the battery temperature between 5℃ and 25℃; at the same time, the phase change material (PCM) on the wall of the refrigerator releases latent heat to help keep the refrigerator warm and reduce the frequency of compressor start-stop.

[0094] Energy recovery: The condensation heat from the refrigeration system and the heat dissipated by the battery in the refrigerator are recovered through a heat pump and used for heating the passenger compartment, replacing the traditional PTC heater and reducing power consumption.

[0095] Control logic: The central controller adjusts the heat pump compressor speed and coolant flow rate according to the ambient temperature, the passenger compartment temperature requirements and the battery temperature; when the battery temperature is <5℃, the liquid cooling plate heating function is activated; when the temperature of the refrigerator box is close to the set lower limit (-18℃), the phase change material begins to release heat to maintain the temperature inside the box.

[0096] Advantages of this model: It achieves zero-energy heating through a heat pump system, uses phase change materials to assist in the insulation of the refrigerator, and ensures the performance of the battery at low temperatures, thus solving the problems of high energy consumption for winter heating and battery degradation at low temperatures in traditional systems.

[0097] 7. Refrigerated compartment, battery cooling, and passenger compartment heat recovery heating modes

[0098] Start-up conditions: Ambient temperature < 20℃, refrigerator needs to be refrigerated (e.g., temperature > -10℃), battery temperature > 35℃ needs to dissipate heat, passenger compartment temperature < 20℃ needs to be heated, vehicle is in motion and battery SOC > 25%.

[0099] like Figure 8 As shown, the solenoid valve only opens F1, which in turn opens water pump I201 and water pump II206.

[0100] Operating procedure: The refrigerator compressor 301 operates, compressing the refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous state, which enters the refrigerator condenser 302 to dissipate heat. Some of the heat is transferred to the coolant through the plate condenser I 303. After the coolant is heated, it is used for heating the passenger compartment.

[0101] Battery cooling: Low-temperature coolant (cooled down after heat exchange with refrigerant in plate evaporator I304) flows through battery liquid cooling plate 208, absorbs battery heat, and lowers the battery temperature to below 35°C. The cooled coolant after heating is partially returned to plate evaporator I304 to exchange heat with refrigerant again, thus realizing heat recovery.

[0102] Passenger compartment heating: The coolant heated by the plate condenser I 303 flows into the passenger compartment heater. The fan forces air to flow through the condenser 203 in the compartment, and the hot air is sent into the passenger compartment to meet the heating requirements. After the refrigerant dissipates heat in the plate condenser I 303, it enters the refrigerator condenser 305 through the throttling device to absorb heat and cool down, maintaining the refrigerator temperature at -18℃ to -10℃. Then it returns to the refrigerator compressor to complete the refrigeration cycle.

[0103] Control Logic: The central controller monitors the refrigerator temperature, battery temperature, and passenger compartment temperature in real time. It adjusts the compressor speed and refrigerant flow based on the refrigerator temperature; dynamically adjusts the coolant flow to the liquid cooling plate based on the battery temperature; and adjusts the heater fan speed and coolant bypass ratio according to the passenger compartment temperature requirements to ensure that the temperatures of all three remain stable within the set range, achieving on-demand energy distribution.

[0104] Advantages of this mode: This mode achieves efficient and comprehensive utilization of energy. While meeting the cooling needs of the refrigerator and the heat dissipation needs of the battery, it recovers the heat generated by the refrigeration system for heating the passenger compartment, avoiding heat waste and reducing additional heating energy consumption. Especially in low-temperature environments, it does not need to rely on traditional high-energy-consuming heating methods (such as PTC heating), reducing the overall vehicle power consumption, improving system energy efficiency, ensuring the economy and comfort of the vehicle under multi-task requirements, and achieving synergistic optimization of refrigeration, battery heat dissipation and passenger compartment environment.

[0105] 8. Battery thermal runaway protection mode

[0106] Triggering conditions: The battery temperature sensor detects that the temperature of a single battery cell is >60℃ or the temperature change rate is >5℃ / min (thermal runaway warning), which will be triggered immediately regardless of the ambient temperature and vehicle status.

[0107] like Figure 9 As shown, only F2 and F6 of the solenoid valves are open, which activates water pump I201 and water pump II206.

[0108] Operating procedure: Cooling resources are centralized. The central controller sends a command to the BMS via the CAN bus to immediately cut off the cooling supply of the refrigerator refrigeration system (close the fan of the refrigerator condenser 305 and the electronic expansion valve I 306), and at the same time fully open the solenoid valve in the battery liquid cooling circuit to direct all coolant flow to the battery liquid cooling plate 208.

[0109] Rapid cooling: The electric water pump operates at maximum power, and the coolant flows at high speed through the battery liquid cooling plate 208. After absorbing the battery heat, it is quickly cooled by the external heat exchanger 204. At the same time, the battery pack forced air cooling system is activated to accelerate heat dissipation.

[0110] Safety interlock: Disconnect non-essential loads (such as the passenger cabin entertainment system), prioritize power supply to the cooling system, and enter safety monitoring mode until the battery temperature drops below 45°C.

[0111] Control logic: Employing a preset emergency threshold triggering mechanism, it eliminates the need for complex algorithms and ensures millisecond-level response. A temperature sensor network monitors the temperature at various battery measurement points in real time; if the temperature at a single point exceeds a critical value, cooling resource switching is immediately initiated.

[0112] Advantages of this model: In the event of battery thermal runaway risk, it can quickly concentrate cooling resources, effectively suppress heat diffusion, ensure the safety of vehicles and goods, and solve the response delay problem caused by multi-loop competition in traditional systems.

[0113] 9. Once the refrigerated container reaches the target temperature, the crew manifest will be activated for heating mode.

[0114] Start-up conditions: The refrigerator temperature is stable within the target range (e.g., -18℃ to -10℃), the ambient temperature is <15℃, the passenger compartment temperature is <set value (e.g., 20℃), the vehicle is in operation and the battery SOC is >20%.

[0115] like Figure 10 As shown, only F1, F3, F4, and F6 of the solenoid valves are open, which activates water pump I201 and water pump II206.

[0116] Operating procedure: The crew cabin heating cycle starts, the crew cabin compressor 101 runs to drive the refrigerant circulation, the high temperature and high pressure gaseous refrigerant passes through the plate condenser II 102 to transfer heat to the coolant, and then flows into the cabin condenser 203 through the operation of the water pump I 201, releasing heat to heat the air and then cooling it down.

[0117] Air circulation heating: The fan forcibly draws air from the crew cabin, which flows through the cabin condenser 203 to absorb heat and become hot air, and then returns to the crew cabin to form a circulating heating system; the refrigerant that releases heat and liquefies at the plate condenser II 102 is throttled and depressurized by the electronic expansion valve II 105, and then absorbs heat and vaporizes through the plate evaporator II 104, returning to the crew cabin compressor 101 to complete the heating cycle; the low-temperature coolant that is cooled at the plate evaporator II 104 is circulated by the water pump II 206 to the external heat exchanger 204 to absorb heat from the environment and then circulates back to the plate evaporator II 104.

[0118] Control logic: The central controller monitors the passenger cabin temperature in real time, adjusts the compressor speed to control the heating capacity, and adjusts the fan speed according to the temperature deviation to optimize heat transfer; if the ambient temperature is too low and the heating efficiency decreases, the auxiliary electric heating (such as the PTC heater working for a short time) is activated to ensure that the passenger cabin temperature rises steadily to 22℃~26℃.

[0119] Advantages of this mode: Once the refrigerated compartment reaches the set temperature, the system focuses on heating the passenger compartment to avoid energy waste; through efficient heat pump circulation (or combined with auxiliary heating), it quickly improves passenger compartment comfort in low-temperature environments, while making rational use of energy, reducing unnecessary energy consumption, and ensuring vehicle range; this mode achieves precise function switching and efficient operation, optimizes the vehicle's thermal management strategy, and meets the heating needs of a single space.

[0120] The above provides a detailed description of several operating modes of the multi-element integrated thermal management system of the present invention. In summary, the present invention employs a dynamic priority control method, prioritizing the low-temperature requirements of the refrigerator compartment. Cooling resources are allocated in real time based on the vehicle's operating status (including driving / parking, ambient temperature, battery SOC, refrigerator compartment temperature control requirements, etc.), precisely and promptly adjusting the coolant flow distribution to optimize overall system efficiency. For example, in hot weather with high ambient temperatures, the heat dissipation demand of the battery and refrigerator compartment increases significantly. In this case, the system automatically increases the coolant flow in both the battery and refrigerator compartment liquid cooling circuits, enabling the coolant to remove heat more efficiently, ensuring stable battery performance and maintaining the low-temperature environment inside the refrigerator compartment. Conversely, in cold weather with low ambient temperatures, the system prioritizes battery heating and passenger compartment heating needs, rationally allocating coolant flow to ensure the battery operates at a suitable temperature while creating a warm and comfortable environment for the vehicle occupants.

[0121] In low-temperature mode, the system heats the passenger compartment via a heat pump system, recovers the condensation heat of the refrigerated container, and cleverly utilizes the heat generated by the battery during heat dissipation, guiding it rationally to the passenger compartment for heating; through heat recovery and utilization, the compressor energy consumption is reduced; in high-temperature mode, priority is given to ensuring the low-temperature requirements of the refrigerated container to maintain a suitable storage environment for the goods inside, and a parallel heat dissipation enhancement mechanism is used to assist the refrigerated container's cooling. The refrigerant first undergoes primary heat exchange with the coolant in a plate heat exchanger, and then achieves secondary heat dissipation through the liquid cooling circuit and the external heat exchanger 204; in situations where the ambient temperature is high, the auxiliary refrigeration system, namely the passenger compartment cooling circuit, can also dissipate heat and cool the liquid cooling circuit to improve the heat dissipation conditions of the refrigerated container system.

[0122] This technical solution employs a parallel dual-cycle design, where the battery liquid cooling circuit and the refrigerator cooling circuit operate independently in parallel, coupled together via a plate heat exchanger, allowing them to share cooling resources and a high-grade heat source. The thermal management system of this invention is equipped with high-precision temperature sensors, some of which are distributed at key locations within the battery pack. These sensors can sensitively detect subtle changes in battery temperature. Once the temperature sensors detect signs of thermal runaway, the system immediately activates an emergency mechanism, entering emergency mode. In emergency mode, the refrigerator cooling system is rapidly shut down, concentrating all cooling resources on cooling the battery. This rapid response effectively prevents further spread of battery thermal runaway, maximizing the safe operation of the vehicle.

Claims

1. A multi-element integrated thermal management system for a pure electric refrigerated truck, comprising a refrigerated box cooling circuit, a passenger compartment cooling circuit, a liquid cooling circuit, and an intelligent control unit, wherein the liquid cooling circuit includes a main liquid cooling circuit, a battery liquid cooling circuit, and a passenger compartment liquid cooling circuit, characterized in that, The liquid cooling circuits are connected to the passenger compartment cooling circuit and the refrigerator cooling circuit via plate heat exchangers. The plate heat exchangers facilitate heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant. The main liquid cooling circuit consists of a water pump, an expansion tank, an external heat exchanger, several three-way valves, solenoid valves, and a main pipeline connected to the plate heat exchanger. The passenger compartment circuit includes an internal heat exchanger and is connected to the plate heat exchanger and the main liquid cooling circuit via solenoid valves and branch pipelines. The battery liquid cooling circuit includes a battery liquid cooling plate and is connected to the main liquid cooling circuit and the plate heat exchanger via branch pipelines and solenoid valves. The three liquid cooling circuits share a water pump and a coolant circulation loop. The coolant is diverted / combined in each liquid cooling circuit by switching solenoid valves / three-way valves. The intelligent control unit monitors and adjusts the system's operating status in real time, controlling the compressor operation and coolant circulation according to the vehicle's operating status to achieve dynamic allocation of cooling resources and efficient energy distribution through waste heat recovery.

2. The multi-element integrated thermal management system for a pure electric refrigerated truck according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are two sets of plate heat exchangers. The first set of plate heat exchangers includes plate condenser I and plate evaporator I, and the second set of plate heat exchangers includes plate condenser II and plate evaporator II. The first set of plate heat exchangers is connected in parallel with the refrigeration circuit of the refrigerator, and the second set of plate heat exchangers is connected in series with the refrigeration circuit of the passenger compartment.

3. The multi-element integrated thermal management system for a pure electric refrigerated truck according to claim 2, characterized in that, The refrigeration circuit of the refrigerator includes a refrigerator compressor, a refrigerator condenser, an electronic expansion valve I, and a refrigerator evaporator connected in sequence. The plate evaporator I is connected in parallel between the refrigerator condenser and the electronic expansion valve I, and the plate condenser I is connected in parallel between the electronic expansion valve I and the refrigerator evaporator.

4. The multi-element integrated thermal management system for a pure electric refrigerated truck according to claim 3, characterized in that, The refrigeration circuit of the crew compartment includes a crew compartment compressor, a plate condenser II, a liquid receiver, an electronic expansion valve II, and a plate evaporator II connected in sequence.

5. The multi-element integrated thermal management system for a pure electric refrigerated truck according to claim 3, characterized in that, The main liquid cooling circuit includes two water pumps and two expansion tanks. Expansion tank I, water pump I, and one end of plate condenser II are connected in series. Expansion tank II, water pump II, and one end of plate evaporator II are connected in series. The other ends of plate condenser II and plate evaporator II are connected to the external heat exchanger via three-way valves / solenoid valves and main pipelines, respectively. The internal heat exchanger includes an internal condenser and an internal evaporator. In the crew compartment liquid cooling circuit, the internal condenser is connected in series with one end of plate condenser I, and the internal evaporator is connected in series with one end of plate evaporator I. The other ends of the internal condenser, internal evaporator, and plate condenser I are connected to the main liquid cooling circuit via solenoid valves / three-way valves and branch pipelines, respectively. The other end of plate evaporator I is connected in series with the battery liquid cooling plate. The battery liquid cooling plate is connected to the main liquid cooling circuit via three-way valves / solenoid valves and branch pipelines. The three liquid cooling circuits are integrated and share water pumps and coolant circulation circuits. Various combinations of coolant flow directions are achieved by switching three-way valves / solenoid valves.

6. The multi-element integrated thermal management system for a pure electric refrigerated truck according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control unit includes a central controller, an onboard communication module, and a temperature sensor network. The temperature sensor network comprises multiple temperature sensors distributed in the passenger compartment, battery compartment, refrigerator compartment, and environment. These sensors collect temperature data from various locations in real time and transmit the data to the central controller, providing a basis for system control decisions. The central controller, based on a fuzzy PID algorithm, analyzes and processes the data collected by the temperature sensor network to generate control signals. These signals are used to control and adjust the speed of the water pump, the opening and closing of the solenoid valve, and the opening degree of the three-way valve in the liquid cooling circuit. This achieves precise control of the coolant flow rate and direction, enabling integrated control of passenger compartment thermal management, power battery thermal management, and the refrigerator compartment refrigeration system, thus optimizing system operating efficiency. The onboard communication module connects with the vehicle management system via a CAN bus to achieve remote monitoring and optimization.

7. The multi-element integrated thermal management system for a pure electric refrigerated truck according to claim 1, characterized in that, Phase change materials are embedded in the walls of the refrigerator. The phase change properties of the materials are used to absorb and release heat, maintain a stable temperature inside the refrigerator, and reduce the frequent start-stop of the compressor.

8. The control method for a multi-element integrated thermal management system for a pure electric refrigerated truck according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, After the system is operational, the temperature sensor network monitors the temperature of the refrigerator compartment, battery, passenger compartment, coolant, and ambient temperature in real time and feeds this data back to the central controller. The central controller, based on a fuzzy PID algorithm, analyzes and processes the data collected by the temperature sensor network and, in conjunction with the vehicle's operating status, generates control signals to control the operation of the refrigeration circuit and adjust the speed of the water pump, the opening of the solenoid valve, and the three-way valve in the liquid cooling circuit. This achieves precise control of the coolant flow rate and direction, ensuring that the coolant can be distributed to different circuits as needed to meet the vehicle's thermal management requirements under different operating conditions.

9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In high-temperature mode, priority is given to ensuring the low-temperature requirements of the refrigerated compartment. The cooling capacity generated by the passenger compartment's cooling circuit is utilized, and heat exchange through the passenger compartment's liquid cooling circuit improves the heat dissipation of the refrigerated compartment under refrigeration conditions. At the same time, a parallel heat dissipation enhancement mechanism is activated to assist in refrigerated compartment cooling. In low-temperature mode, the heat generated by battery cooling and the condensation heat dissipation of the refrigerated compartment under refrigeration conditions are recovered through the battery liquid cooling circuit and the passenger compartment liquid cooling circuit and used to heat the passenger compartment. In normal mode, the cooling / heating strategy is adjusted according to the load. Under low load, the refrigerated compartment's cooling circuit is activated, and the low-temperature refrigerant cooled by the plate heat exchanger is used to cool the passenger compartment and the battery respectively. Under high load, the parallel heat dissipation enhancement mechanism is activated. In emergency mode, the system can immediately cut off the refrigerated compartment's cooling and concentrate cooling resources to cool the battery, effectively suppressing battery thermal runaway and ensuring vehicle safety.

10. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The parallel heat dissipation enhancement mechanism refers to the process where the refrigerant in the refrigeration circuit of the refrigeration box first undergoes primary heat exchange with the coolant in the plate heat exchanger, and then the external heat exchanger of the main liquid cooling circuit is linked to implement secondary heat dissipation.

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