Current-limiting lightning protection device and method for wind power blade

Abstract

The invention discloses a current-limiting lightning protection device for a wind power blade, which comprises a connecting wire, a plurality of groups of lightning rod units are fixedly connected to the connecting wire, and a lightning current limiting assembly is arranged on the connecting wire between every two adjacent lightning rod units. The invention further discloses a current limiting type lightning protection method for the wind power blade. According to the current limiting type lightning protection device and method for the wind power blade, the problems that in the prior art, a metal block is adopted for receiving lightning, the lightning probability is low, the lightning current intensity cannot be reduced, and the lightning stroke damage degree of the blade is serious are solved, the lightning receiving efficiency is improved, and the terminal lightning intensity is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of energy and safety, and particularly relates to a current-limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade and a current-limiting lightning protection method for a wind turbine blade. BACKGROUND

[0002] The wind turbine blade is installed in an open field and is threatened by lightning disasters in nature. With the development of technology, the length of the blade increases year by year, and lightning damage is more likely to occur. At present, the mainstream blade length has exceeded 110 m, and according to the blade lightning strike frequency evaluation method specified in IEC, the blade of this length installed in the southern region of China suffers more than 100 lightning strikes per year on average. The industry generally uses metal blocks to strike lightning on the surface of the blade to realize the grounding and release of lightning through the grounding wire arranged in the cavity. At present, the limitations of this scheme are obvious, mainly including: passive lightning protection, low probability of metal block lightning strike, fatigue fracture of the downlead in the cavity, inadaptation to high-altitude areas, easy fracture and failure at the connection of the wire, inability to reduce the lightning current intensity, and serious damage to the blade. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a current-limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade, which solves the problem of low probability of metal block lightning strike and inability to reduce the lightning current intensity in the prior art, resulting in serious damage to the blade.

[0004] Another object of the present application is to provide a current-limiting lightning protection method for a wind turbine blade.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present application is a current-limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade, which comprises a connecting wire, a plurality of groups of lightning rod units fixed to the connecting wire, and a lightning current limiting component arranged between adjacent two lightning rod units on the connecting wire.

[0006] The present application has the following characteristics: The distance between adjacent two lightning rod units gradually increases from the tip of the blade to the root of the blade, and the lightning current limiting component is arranged at equal intervals between adjacent two lightning rod units; the angle between the plurality of groups of lightning rod units and the connecting wire is 45°-90°.

[0007] The lightning rod unit comprises a branch wire, one end of the branch wire is fixed to the connecting wire, the other end of the branch wire is fixed to a lightning rod fixed base, and two advanced discharge lightning rods are fixed to the lightning rod fixed base.

[0008] The lightning current limiting assembly comprises two current limiting units and a cover body, the two current limiting units are symmetrically arranged inside the cover body, a sealing sleeve is sleeved on the outer end of each of the two current limiting units, and the two current limiting units and the cover body are sealed through the sealing sleeves; and the two current limiting units are connected to the connecting wire.

[0009] The current limiting unit comprises a voltage stabilizing ring, a magnetic ring is sleeved on one end of the voltage stabilizing ring, a connecting pipe is fixed to the other side of the magnetic ring, an adapter pipe is crimped on the other end of the voltage stabilizing ring, a current limiting needle is inserted into the adapter pipe on the other side, an insulator is sleeved on the outer wall of the current limiting needle, a voltage stabilizing ring carrier is coated on the outer side of the voltage stabilizing ring, an upper fixing seat and a lower fixing seat are arranged, the voltage stabilizing ring carrier is fixed to the lower fixing seat through the upper fixing seat, the lower fixing seat is in the shape of a cuboid, and the insulator is in the shape of a cylinder, the end surface of the insulator is in contact with the side surface of the lower fixing seat.

[0010] The cover body comprises a cover body bottom shell, the two current limiting units are symmetrically arranged inside the cover body bottom shell, and a cover plate is fixed to the top of the cover body bottom shell.

[0011] The connection between the plurality of branch wires and the lightning rod fixing base is subjected to tin dipping treatment.

[0012] The lightning rod is made of stainless steel, the lightning rod fixing base is made of metal, the connecting wire is made of metal, the inner layer of the connecting wire is made of metal, the outer layer of the connecting wire is made of insulating material, the voltage stabilizing ring is made of metal, the magnetic ring is made of magnetic material, the adapter pipe is made of metal, the current limiting needle is made of semiconductor material, the insulator is made of rubber, the sealing sleeve is made of rubber, the cover plate of the cover body is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the connecting pipe is made of metal.

[0013] Another technical solution of the present application is a lightning current limiting method for a wind power blade, which specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1: When lightning occurs, a plurality of lightning rod units receive lightning respectively; Step 2: The lightning current received by the plurality of lightning rod units is introduced into the connecting wire through the lightning rod fixing base; Step 3: The lightning current on the connecting wire is conducted from the blade tip to the blade root; Step 4: The plurality of lightning current limiting assemblies gradually reduce the lightning current and dissipate the energy of the lightning current on the connecting wire; Step 5: After the gradual reduction and energy dissipation, the remaining lightning current continues to be conducted to the blade root through the connecting wire; Step 6: The lightning current is conducted to the blade root and released through grounding, thereby completing the lightning protection of the wind power blade.

[0014] Another technical solution of the present application is characterized in that: The specific process of step 4 is: Step 4.1, when the lightning current enters the lightning current current-limiting component, the lightning current flows through the magnetic ring in the lightning current current-limiting component, the magnetic ring generates hysteresis loss under the action of the lightning current, converts part of the energy carried by the lightning current into heat energy and dissipates it, thereby achieving preliminary reduction of the lightning current energy; Step 4.2, the lightning current preliminarily processed by the magnetic ring then flows through the voltage stabilizing ring, the voltage stabilizing ring uses its own electrical characteristics to smooth the instantaneous fluctuation occurring in the transmission process of the lightning current, avoids the impact of sudden current peaks on the subsequent current-limiting needle, and ensures that the lightning current enters the current-limiting needle in a relatively stable state; Step 4.3, the lightning current after being smoothed by the voltage stabilizing ring finally flows through the current-limiting needle, the current-limiting needle further limits the maximum peak value of the lightning current by means of the nonlinear conductive characteristics of the semiconductor, reduces the intensity of the lightning current to a safe range that will not damage the blade components, and completes the step-by-step reduction of the lightning current.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present application are: This invention provides a current-limiting lightning protection device and method for wind turbine blades. By installing early discharge lightning rods in high-risk areas of the blade, it can actively generate a lightning connection leader towards the thundercloud when the lightning electric field strength reaches a preset condition. This leader releases charge and forms a directional lightning leader channel, actively "capturing" lightning charge to prevent direct lightning strikes to the blade structure. This solves the problems of passive lightning interception and low interception probability of traditional metal blocks, significantly improving lightning protection efficiency. By arranging lightning current limiting components in stages along the lightning current conduction path, the device utilizes the hysteresis loss of the magnetic ring within the components to initially dissipate lightning current energy, the voltage regulator to smooth current fluctuations to avoid spike impacts, and the current limiting rod to limit current peaks. This achieves a step-by-step reduction in lightning current intensity and energy from the blade tip to the root, effectively avoiding electromagnetic interference, resistive heating effects, and surge impacts from lightning current on key components such as the blade root circuit control module, sensors, and cables. This solves the problems of traditional solutions failing to reduce lightning current intensity and causing severe lightning damage to the blade. The device uses a universal modular lightning rod fixing base that can be easily replaced, overcoming the limitations of the gradually changing blade airfoil design. The design addresses the issues of varying internal cavity heights at different locations and the difficulty in standardizing lightning protection components. This design can be replicated and transplanted to any type of wind turbine blade, forming a universal lightning protection design. This reduces customization costs and facilitates mass production, thereby lowering the overall blade cost. By tinning both ends of the connecting wires, the risk of wire breakage, failure, and fatigue fracture of the internal down conductor is reduced. Simultaneously, the sealing sleeve, insulators, cover, and mounting base of the lightning current limiting component provide excellent sealing and insulation protection, preventing current leakage and ensuring structural stability. This allows the device to adapt to complex outdoor environments such as high altitudes, solving the problem of traditional solutions being unsuitable for high-altitude areas. Overall, from the perspectives of active lightning protection, tiered current limiting, universal adaptability, and reliable connection, this design comprehensively optimizes the limitations of the traditional "metal block + down conductor" lightning protection scheme, significantly improving the reliability and protective effect of the wind turbine blade lightning protection device, reducing damage to the blades caused by lightning strikes, and extending the blade's service life. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lightning current limiting component of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the lightning current limiting component of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram, 1. Connecting wire, 2. Lightning rod unit, 21. Branch wire, 22. Lightning rod fixing base, 23. Early discharge lightning rod, 3. Lightning current limiting component, 31. Current limiting unit, 3101. Voltage stabilizing ring, 3102. Magnetic ring, 3103. Connecting pipe, 3104. Adapter pipe, 3105. Current limiting needle, 3106. Insulator, 3107. Voltage stabilizing ring carrier, 3108. Upper fixing base, 3109. Lower fixing base, 32. Cover, 3201. Bottom shell of the cover, 3202. Cover plate, 33. Sealing sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] The present invention provides a current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a connecting wire 1, on which several sets of lightning rod units 2 are fixed. A lightning current limiting component 3 is provided on the connecting wire 1 between each adjacent lightning rod unit 2. The distance between adjacent lightning rod units 2 increases sequentially from the blade tip to the blade root, and the lightning current limiting components 3 are evenly spaced between adjacent lightning rod units 2. The angle between the several sets of lightning rod units 2 and the connecting wire 1 is 45°-90°. Each lightning rod unit 2 includes a branch wire 21, one end of which is fixed to the connecting wire 1, and the other end of which is fixed to a lightning rod fixing base 22. Two early discharge lightning rods 23 are fixed to the lightning rod fixing base 22. Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the lightning current limiting component 3 comprises two current limiting units 31 and a cover body 32, the two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the cover body 32, the outer ends of the two current limiting units 31 correspondingly are sleeved with sealing sleeves 33, the two current limiting units 31 and the cover body 32 are sealed through the sealing sleeves 33, and the two current limiting units 31 are connected to the connecting wire 1; the current limiting unit 31 comprises a voltage stabilizing ring 3101, one end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101 is sleeved with a magnetic ring 3102, further comprises a connecting pipe 3103, the connecting pipe 3103 is fixedly connected to the magnetic ring 3102 on the other side, the other end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101 is crimped with an adapter pipe 3104, further comprises a current limiting needle 3105, the current limiting needle 3105 is inserted into the adapter pipe 3104 on the other side, the outer wall of the current limiting needle 3105 is sleeved with an insulator 3106, the outer side of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101 is covered with a voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107, further comprises an upper fixing seat 3108 and a lower fixing seat 3109, the voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is fixedly connected to the lower fixing seat 3109 through the upper fixing seat 3108, the lower fixing seat 3109 is in the shape of a cuboid, the insulator 3106 is in the shape of a cylinder, and the end face of the insulator 3106 is in contact with the side face of the lower fixing seat 3109; the cover body 32 comprises a cover body bottom shell 3201, the two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the cover body bottom shell 3201, and the cover body bottom shell 3201 is fixedly connected with a cover plate 3202 on the top; the connection parts of the plurality of branch wires 21 and the lightning rod fixed base 22 are subjected to tin dipping treatment; the material of the pre-discharge lightning rod 23 is stainless steel, the material of the lightning rod fixed base 22 is metal, the material of the connecting wire 1 is metal, the inner layer of the connecting wire 1 is metal, the outer layer of the connecting wire 1 is insulating material, the material of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101 is metal, the material of the magnetic ring 3102 is magnetic material, the material of the adapter pipe 3104 is metal, the material of the current limiting needle 3105 is semiconductor material, the material of the insulator 3106 is rubber, the material of the sealing sleeve 33 is rubber, the material of the cover plate 3202 is glass steel, and the material of the connecting pipe 3103 is metal.

[0020] Embodiment 1 The lightning current limiting device for the wind power blade provided in the embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings, comprises a connecting wire 1, a plurality of lightning rod units 2 are fixedly connected to the connecting wire 1, and a lightning current limiting component 3 is arranged on the connecting wire 1 between any two adjacent lightning rod units 2. Figure 1

[0021] Embodiment 2 The lightning current limiting device for the wind power blade provided in the embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings, comprises a connecting wire 1, a plurality of lightning rod units 2 are fixedly connected to the connecting wire 1, and a lightning current limiting component 3 is arranged on the connecting wire 1 between any two adjacent lightning rod units 2. Figure 1 ​As shown, the lightning protection device for the wind power blade includes a connecting wire 1, a plurality of groups of lightning rod units 2 are fixedly connected to the connecting wire 1, and a lightning current limiting assembly 3 is arranged on the connecting wire 1 between adjacent two lightning rod units 2; the distance between adjacent two lightning rod units 2 gradually increases from the blade tip to the blade root, and the lightning current limiting assembly 3 is arranged at equal intervals between adjacent two lightning rod units 2; the angle between the plurality of groups of lightning rod units 2 and the connecting wire 1 is 45°-90°; the lightning rod unit 2 includes a branch wire 21, one end of the branch wire 21 is fixedly connected to the connecting wire 1, the other end of the branch wire 21 is fixedly connected to a lightning rod fixed base 22, and two advanced discharge lightning rods 23 are fixedly connected to the lightning rod fixed base 22.

[0022] Embodiment 3 The lightning protection device for the wind power blade provided in the embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 As shown, the lightning protection device for the wind power blade includes a connecting wire 1, a plurality of groups of lightning rod units 2 are fixedly connected to the connecting wire 1, and a lightning current limiting assembly 3 is arranged on the connecting wire 1 between adjacent two lightning rod units 2; the distance between adjacent two lightning rod units 2 gradually increases from the blade tip to the blade root, and the lightning current limiting assembly 3 is arranged at equal intervals between adjacent two lightning rod units 2; the angle between the plurality of groups of lightning rod units 2 and the connecting wire 1 is 45°-90°; the lightning rod unit 2 includes a branch wire 21, one end of the branch wire 21 is fixedly connected to the connecting wire 1, the other end of the branch wire 21 is fixedly connected to a lightning rod fixed base 22, and two advanced discharge lightning rods 23 are fixedly connected to the lightning rod fixed base 22. As shown in Figure 2 As shown, the lightning current limiting assembly 3 includes two current limiting units 31 and a cover 32, the two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the cover 32, a sealing sleeve 33 is sleeved on the outer end of each of the two current limiting units 31, the two current limiting units 31 and the cover 32 are sealed by the sealing sleeve 33, and the two current limiting units 31 are connected to the connecting wire 1; the current limiting unit 31 includes a voltage stabilizing ring 3101, a magnetic ring 3102 is sleeved on one end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, a connecting pipe 3103 is fixedly connected to the other side of the magnetic ring 3102, a transfer pipe 3104 is crimped on the other end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, a current limiting needle 3105 is inserted into the other side of the transfer pipe 3104, an insulator 3106 is sleeved on the outer wall of the current limiting needle 3105, a voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is coated on the outer side of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, an upper fixing seat 3108 and a lower fixing seat 3109 are further included, the voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is fixedly connected to the lower fixing seat 3109 through the upper fixing seat 3108, the lower fixing seat 3109 is in the shape of a cuboid, the insulator 3106 is in the shape of a cylinder, and the end surface of the insulator 3106 is in contact with the side surface of the lower fixing seat 3109.

[0023] Embodiment 4 The lightning protection device for the wind power blade provided in the embodiment, as shown inFigure 1 As shown, the lightning protection device for wind turbine blade comprises a connecting wire 1, a plurality of groups of lightning rod units 2 are fixedly connected on the connecting wire 1, and a lightning current limiting assembly 3 is arranged on the connecting wire 1 between adjacent two lightning rod units 2; the distance between adjacent two lightning rod units 2 along the direction from the blade tip to the blade root gradually increases, and the lightning current limiting assembly 3 is arranged at equal intervals between adjacent two lightning rod units 2; the included angle between the plurality of groups of lightning rod units 2 and the connecting wire 1 is 45°-90°; the lightning rod unit 2 comprises a branch wire 21, one end of the branch wire 21 is fixedly connected on the connecting wire 1, the other end of the branch wire 21 is fixedly connected with a lightning rod fixed base 22, and two advanced discharge lightning rods 23 are fixedly connected on the lightning rod fixed base 22. Figure 2 As shown, the lightning current limiting assembly 3 comprises two current limiting units 31 and a cover body 32, the two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the cover body 32, a sealing sleeve 33 is sleeved on the outer end of each of the two current limiting units 31, the two current limiting units 31 and the cover body 32 are sealed by the sealing sleeve 33, and the two current limiting units 31 are connected on the connecting wire 1; the current limiting unit 31 comprises a voltage stabilizing ring 3101, a magnetic ring 3102 is sleeved on one end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, a connecting pipe 3103 is fixedly connected with the magnetic ring 3102 on the other side, a transfer pipe 3104 is crimped on the other end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, a current limiting needle 3105 is inserted into the transfer pipe 3104 on the other side, an insulator 3106 is sleeved on the outer wall of the current limiting needle 3105, a voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is coated on the outer side of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, an upper fixing seat 3108 and a lower fixing seat 3109 are further included, the voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is fixedly connected on the lower fixing seat 3109 through the upper fixing seat 3108, the lower fixing seat 3109 is in the shape of a cuboid, the insulator 3106 is in the shape of a cylinder, and the end face of the insulator 3106 is in contact with the side face of the lower fixing seat 3109; the cover body 32 comprises a cover body bottom shell 3201, the two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the cover body bottom shell 3201, and a cover plate 3202 is fixedly connected on the top of the cover body bottom shell 3201; the connection positions of the plurality of branch wires 21 and the lightning rod fixed base 22 are subjected to tin dipping treatment.

[0024] Example 5 The lightning protection device for wind turbine blade provided in the embodiment, as shown in Figure 1As shown, the lightning protection device includes a connecting wire 1, a plurality of groups of lightning rod units 2 are fixedly connected to the connecting wire 1, and a lightning current limiting assembly 3 is arranged on the connecting wire 1 between adjacent two lightning rod units 2; the distance between adjacent two lightning rod units 2 gradually increases from the blade tip to the blade root, and the lightning current limiting assembly 3 is arranged at equal intervals between adjacent two lightning rod units 2; the angle between the plurality of groups of lightning rod units 2 and the connecting wire 1 is 45°-90°; the lightning rod unit 2 includes a branch wire 21, one end of the branch wire 21 is fixedly connected to the connecting wire 1, the other end of the branch wire 21 is fixedly connected to a lightning rod fixed base 22, and two pre-discharge lightning rods 23 are fixedly connected to the lightning rod fixed base 22. Figure 2 As shown, the lightning current limiting assembly 3 includes two current limiting units 31 and a cover 32, the two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the cover 32, a sealing sleeve 33 is sleeved on the outer end of each of the two current limiting units 31, the two current limiting units 31 and the cover 32 are sealed by the sealing sleeve 33, and the two current limiting units 31 are connected to the connecting wire 1; the current limiting unit 31 includes a voltage stabilizing ring 3101, a magnetic ring 3102 is sleeved on one end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, a connecting pipe 3103 is fixedly connected to the other side of the magnetic ring 3102, a switching pipe 3104 is crimped on the other end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, a current limiting needle 3105 is inserted into the switching pipe 3104 on the other side, an insulator 3106 is sleeved on the outer wall of the current limiting needle 3105, a voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is coated on the outer side of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, an upper fixing seat 3108 and a lower fixing seat 3109 are further included, the voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is fixedly connected to the lower fixing seat 3109 through the upper fixing seat 3108, the lower fixing seat 3109 is in the shape of a cuboid, the insulator 3106 is in the shape of a cylinder, and the end face of the insulator 3106 is in contact with the side face of the lower fixing seat 3109; the cover 32 includes a cover bottom shell 3201, the two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the cover bottom shell 3201, and a cover plate 3202 is fixedly connected to the top of the cover bottom shell 3201; the connection positions of the plurality of branch wires 21 and the lightning rod fixed base 22 are subjected to tin immersion treatment; the pre-discharge lightning rod 23 is made of stainless steel, the lightning rod fixed base 22 is made of metal, the connecting wire 1 is made of metal, the inner layer of the connecting wire 1 is made of metal, the outer layer of the connecting wire 1 is made of insulating material, the voltage stabilizing ring 3101 is made of metal, the magnetic ring 3102 is made of magnetic material, the switching pipe 3104 is made of metal, the current limiting needle 3105 is made of semiconductor material, the insulator 3106 is made of rubber, the sealing sleeve 33 is made of rubber, the cover plate 3202 is made of glass steel, and the connecting pipe 3103 is made of metal.

[0025] Example 6 The lightning protection device for the wind power blade provided by the present application has the following assembly process: The determination of the position of the lightning rod unit 2; The lightning rod unit 2 is installed in the blade lightning strike high-risk area, contains multiple groups, and is numbered as the first lightning rod unit, the second lightning rod unit, the third lightning rod unit, and the fourth lightning rod unit from the blade tip to the blade root. The distance between them is increasing, the distance between the first lightning rod and the second lightning rod is 1.5m, the distance between the second lightning rod and the third lightning rod is 3m, and the distance between the third lightning rod and the fourth lightning rod is 5m. The angle between all branch conductors and the main conductor is between 45° and 90°; Conductor cutting; Cut a 1.5m long conductor as a connecting conductor between the first lightning rod and the second lightning rod; Cut a 3m long conductor as a connecting conductor between the second lightning rod and the third lightning rod; Cut a 5m long conductor as a connecting conductor between the third lightning rod and the fourth lightning rod; Cut a 3m long conductor as a connecting conductor between the second lightning rod and the third lightning rod; Cut three 0.5m long conductors as branch connecting conductors for the second lightning rod, the third lightning rod, and the fourth lightning rod; Conductor and lightning rod fixed base 22 connection; The lightning rod fixed base 22 is a general type and can be used at will. Before installation, remove the insulation layer at both ends of the connecting conductor 1 and the branch conductor 21, and control the length to be 40±5mm. Dip the exposed conductor into molten tin for 5 seconds, take it out and cool it at room temperature. When the tin solidifies, repeat the above operation to complete the tin dipping at both ends of all connecting conductors. Use a file to polish the tin spikes and protrusions in the tin dipping area of the conductor. Insert the tin-dipped conductor into the conductor hole of the lightning rod fixed base 22, and use a welding wire and an electric soldering iron to weld the branch conductor 21 to the lightning rod fixed base 22; Assemble the lightning current limiting assembly 3; When assembling, first connect the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, the voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107, the magnetic ring 3102, the connecting pipe 3103, the adapter pipe 3104, the current limiting needle 3105, and the insulator 3106 into a whole, then install the lower fixing seat 3109 and the upper fixing seat 3108, and then insert into the sealing sleeve 33, and finally turn into the cover body bottom shell 3201 and the cover body cover plate 3202. The steps are as follows: The voltage stabilizing ring 3101 is a prefabricated piece made of metal material and is fixed in shape after bending; one end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101 is sleeved with the magnetic ring 3102, and the other end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101 is crimped with the adapter pipe 3104; the voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is integrally wrapped outside the voltage stabilizing ring 3101, two half molds with fixed shapes are used to clamp the voltage stabilizing ring 3101 after the above steps, liquid polymer material is injected from the mold glue joint, and after heating, the polymer material is solidified, and the mold is removed, that is, the manufacturing of the voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is completed; the metal crimping connecting pipe 3103 on the side of the magnetic ring 3102; the current limiting needle 3105 is inserted into the other side of the adapter pipe 3104, and the adapter pipe 3104 is crimped onto the current limiting needle 3105 using electromagnetic crimping process; the surface of the current limiting needle is coated with structural adhesive, and the insulator 3106 is sleeved on the current limiting needle to complete the adhesive fixing; the completed assembly is placed on the lower fixing seat 3109; after the surface of the upper fixing seat 3108 is coated with sealing glue, it is buckled on the lower fixing seat 3109, and the adhesive fixing of the lower fixing seat 3109 and the upper fixing seat 3108 is completed. Put the assembled body into the cover bottom shell 3201, adjust the position, and make the connecting pipe 3103 pass through one side of the cover bottom shell 3201; the part of the connecting pipe 3103 exposed outside the cover bottom shell 3201 is sleeved into the sealing sleeve 33 to form protection; repeat the above steps to complete the installation of the symmetrical structure on the other side; coat the inner surface of the cover plate 3202 with sealing glue and adhere to the cover bottom shell 3201; Connection of current limiting assembly and wire After the assembly of multiple current limiting assemblies is completed, the connection of the wire and the current limiting assembly is started. The installation process of each assembly is the same, and the specific operation is as follows: cut off the connecting wire at the installation position of the current limiting assembly; remove the conductor insulation at both ends of the cut connecting wire; insert the conductor into the exposed connecting pipe hole of the current limiting assembly; use a matching press mold to crimp and deform the connecting pipe; repeat the above steps to complete the crimping of the other end of the current limiting assembly; The lightning rod is made of stainless steel, brass, titanium alloy, tungsten alloy, and related combinations of coatings; the lightning rod is connected to the support by pins and rivets; the support is made of metal, including but not limited to aluminum, copper, and their alloys; the connecting wire is made of metal, with an inner metal layer and an outer insulating material; the inner metal layer of the connecting wire is made of pure copper; the cover plate of the lightning current limiting component is made of fiberglass; the sealing sleeve is made of rubber; the lower and upper parts of the fixing base are made of polymer materials, including cross-linked polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyimide; the voltage stabilizer carrier is made of polymer materials, including... Cross-linked polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyimide; voltage regulator rings are made of metal materials, including but not limited to aluminum, copper, iron, and their alloys; connecting pipes are made of metal materials, including but not limited to aluminum, copper, and their alloys; magnetic rings are made of magnetic materials, including but not limited to ferrite, neodymium iron boron magnets, and AlNiCo magnets; adapter pipes are made of metal materials, including but not limited to aluminum, copper, and their alloys; current limiting pins are made of semiconductor materials, including but not limited to silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and other elements or compounds; insulators are made of rubber materials, including but not limited to silicone rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, and TPU elastomers.

[0026] Example 7 The current-limiting lightning protection method for wind turbine blades proposed in this embodiment, based on the aforementioned current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades, specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: When lightning occurs, multiple lightning rod units receive the lightning strikes respectively; Step 2: Multiple lightning rod units guide the received lightning current through the lightning rod fixing base into the connecting wire; Step 3: The lightning current on the connecting wire is conducted from the leaf tip to the leaf root; Step 4: Several lightning current limiting components gradually reduce the conducted lightning current and dissipate energy on the connecting wires. The specific process is as follows: Step 4.1: When the lightning current enters the lightning current limiting component, it flows through the magnetic ring inside the component. Under the action of the lightning current, the magnetic ring generates hysteresis loss, converting part of the energy carried by the lightning current into heat energy and dissipating it, thus achieving the initial reduction of the lightning current energy. Step 4.2: The lightning current, after being initially processed by the magnetic ring, then flows through the voltage regulator coil. The voltage regulator coil uses its own electrical characteristics to smooth out the instantaneous fluctuations that occur during the transmission of the lightning current, and avoids the impact of sudden current spikes on the subsequent current limiting needle, ensuring that the lightning current enters the current limiting needle in a relatively stable state. Step 4.3: After being stabilized by the voltage regulator, the lightning current finally flows through the current limiting needle. The current limiting needle, with the help of the nonlinear conductivity of the semiconductor, further limits the maximum peak value of the lightning current, reducing the lightning current intensity to a safe range that will not damage the blade components, thus completing the step-by-step reduction of the lightning current. Step 5, after the step-by-step flow reduction and energy dissipation, the remaining lightning current continues to conduct to the blade root through the connecting wire; Step 6, the lightning current is conducted to the blade root and released through grounding, completing the lightning protection of the wind power blade.

Claims

1. A current limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade, characterized in that The utility model provides a lightning protection device, including connecting wire (1), a plurality of groups of lightning rod unit (2) are fixed on connecting wire (1), and the lightning current current -limiting component (3) is established on connecting wire (1) between adjacent two lightning rod unit (2).

2. A current limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the adjacent two lightning rod unit (2) gradually increases from the blade tip to the blade root, and the lightning current current-limiting component (3) is evenly arranged between the adjacent two lightning rod unit (2); the angle between the plurality of groups of lightning rod unit (2) and the connecting wire (1) is 45°-90°.

3. A current limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lightning rod unit (2) includes a branch wire (21), one end of the branch wire (21) is fixedly connected to the connecting wire (1), and the other end of the branch wire (21) is fixedly connected to a lightning rod fixed base (22), and two advanced discharge lightning rods (23) are fixedly connected to the lightning rod fixed base (22).

4. A current limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lightning current current-limiting component (3) includes two current-limiting units (31) and a cover body (32), the two current-limiting units (31) are symmetrically arranged inside the cover body (32), the outer ends of the two current-limiting units (31) correspondingly are sleeved with sealing sleeves (33), the two current-limiting units (31) and the cover body (32) are sealed by the sealing sleeves (33), and the two current-limiting units (31) are connected to the connecting wire (1).

5. A current limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade according to claim 4, characterized in that, The current-limiting unit (31) includes a voltage stabilizing ring (3101), one end of the voltage stabilizing ring (3101) is sleeved with a magnetic ring (3102), further includes a connecting pipe (3103), the connecting pipe (3103) is fixedly connected to the magnetic ring (3102) on the other side, the other end of the voltage stabilizing ring (3101) is crimped with an adapter pipe (3104), further includes a current-limiting needle (3105), the current-limiting needle (3105) is inserted into the adapter pipe (3104) on the other side, an insulator (3106) is sleeved on the outer wall of the current-limiting needle (3105), the outer side of the voltage stabilizing ring (3101) is covered with a voltage stabilizing ring carrier (3107), further includes an upper fixing seat (3108) and a lower fixing seat (3109), the voltage stabilizing ring carrier (3107) is fixedly connected to the lower fixing seat (3109) through the upper fixing seat (3108), the lower fixing seat (3109) is in the shape of a cuboid, the insulator (3106) is in the shape of a cylinder, and the end face of the insulator (3106) is in contact with the side face of the lower fixing seat (3109).

6. A current limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cover body (32) includes a cover body bottom shell (3201), the two current-limiting units (31) are symmetrically arranged inside the cover body bottom shell (3201), and the cover body bottom shell (3201) is fixedly connected with a cover body cover plate (3202) on the top.

7. A current limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connecting places of the plurality of branch wires (21) and the lightning rod fixed bases (22) are subjected to tin immersion treatment.

8. A current limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade according to claim 7, characterized in that, The early discharge lightning rod (23) is made of stainless steel, the lightning rod fixing base (22) is made of metal, the connecting wire (1) is made of metal, the inner layer of the connecting wire (1) is made of metal, the outer layer of the connecting wire (1) is made of insulating material, the voltage stabilizing ring (3101) is made of metal, the magnetic ring (3102) is made of magnetic material, the adapter pipe (3104) is made of metal, the current limiting needle (3105) is made of semiconductor material, the insulator (3106) is made of rubber, the sealing sleeve (33) is made of rubber, the cover plate (3202) is made of glass steel, and the connecting pipe (3103) is made of metal.

9. A current limiting lightning protection method for wind turbine blades, characterized in that, The current limiting lightning protection device for wind power blades according to claim 8, specifically comprising the following steps: Step 1, when lightning occurs, a plurality of lightning rod units receive lightning respectively; Step 2, the plurality of lightning rod units guide the received lightning current into the connecting wire through the lightning rod fixing base; Step 3, the lightning current on the connecting wire is conducted from the blade tip to the blade root; Step 4, a plurality of lightning current limiting assemblies gradually reduce the conducted lightning current on the connecting wire and dissipate energy; Step 5, after the gradual reduction and energy dissipation, the remaining lightning current continues to conduct to the blade root through the connecting wire; Step 6, the lightning current is conducted to the blade root and released through grounding, completing the lightning protection of the wind power blade.

10. A current limiting lightning protection device for a wind turbine blade according to claim 9, characterized in that, The specific process of step 4 is as follows: Step 4.1, when the lightning current enters the lightning current limiting assembly, it flows through the magnetic ring in the lightning current limiting assembly, and the magnetic ring generates magnetic hysteresis loss under the action of the lightning current, converting part of the energy carried by the lightning current into heat energy and dissipating it, thereby achieving preliminary reduction of lightning current energy; Step 4.2, after the preliminary treatment of the magnetic ring, the lightning current flows through the voltage stabilizing ring, which uses its electrical characteristics to smooth the transient fluctuations that occur during lightning current transmission, avoiding the impact of sudden current peaks on the subsequent current limiting needle, and ensuring that the lightning current enters the current limiting needle in a relatively stable state; Step 4.3, after the voltage stabilizing ring, the lightning current finally flows through the current limiting needle, which further limits the maximum peak value of the lightning current by using the non-linear conduction characteristics of the semiconductor, reduces the intensity of the lightning current to a safe range that will not damage the blade components, and completes the gradual reduction of the lightning current.

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