Rock-soil shear test device
By designing a simple rock and soil shear test device and adopting clamping components and sensor systems, the problems of complexity and high cost of existing devices are solved, and efficient and accurate rock and soil cutting simulation and data acquisition are realized.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511506547.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing rock and soil cutting model test devices are complex in structure, cumbersome in operation, and expensive. They are difficult to simulate the dynamic response under different soil parameters and cutting parameters, and the accuracy of data acquisition is affected by mechanical interference.
A soil and rock shear testing device was designed, comprising a test frame, clamping assembly, shearing assembly, and data acquisition unit. It adopts a simple structure, a flexibly adjustable clamping assembly and sensor system, and combines drag-reducing rollers to reduce friction and achieve accurate force measurement.
It simplifies the operation process, reduces costs, improves test efficiency and data accuracy, and can flexibly simulate rock and soil cutting behavior under different working conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN120992382A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil and rock testing technology, and in particular to a soil and rock shear testing device. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of civil engineering, research on soil and rock cutting behavior has important guiding significance for projects such as deep foundation pit excavation, underground pipeline laying, and shield tunneling. Existing soil and rock cutting model test devices have problems such as complex structure, cumbersome operation, and high cost. Moreover, they are mostly designed for single working conditions and are difficult to simulate the dynamic response under different soil parameters (such as moisture content and compaction degree) and cutting parameters (such as angle and velocity).
[0003] Traditional shearing devices often rely on large loading equipment, resulting in long testing cycles and data acquisition accuracy significantly affected by mechanical interference. They also fail to directly reflect the migration patterns of soil particles and the distribution characteristics of stress and strain at the cutting interface. Therefore, developing a simple, flexible, and cost-effective soil and rock shearing device is a crucial requirement for improving testing efficiency and research depth. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil and rock shear test apparatus.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a soil and rock shear test device, comprising a test frame, the test frame including an upper base and a lower base, a first support plate and a second support plate being disposed opposite to each other between the upper base and the lower base, a shearing component and a clamping component being disposed between the first support plate and the second support plate, the shearing component being located above the clamping component, the clamping component being used to clamp and fix the soil and rock sample; a vertical pressure device is provided at the lower end of the upper base, and a longitudinal pressure plate is provided at the lower end of the vertical pressure device, the vertical pressure device being used to drive the longitudinal pressure plate to contact the soil and rock sample and apply downward pressure to the soil and rock sample, the vertical pressure device and the longitudinal pressure plate being... A normal force sensor is provided between the two components; the shearing assembly includes a shearing plate and a transverse pressing device. A transverse limiting screw is provided through the shearing plate. The first support plate and the second support plate are respectively provided with vertical moving grooves that slide with the transverse limiting screw. The transverse limiting screw is provided with a locking element for locking the transverse limiting screw. The transverse pressing device is located between the shearing plate and the first support plate. A shear force sensor is provided between the transverse pressing device and the shearing plate. The transverse pressing device is used to drive the shearing plate to contact the soil and rock sample and apply a horizontal shear force to the soil and rock sample; it also includes a data acquisition device, which is connected to the normal force sensor and the horizontal shear force sensor respectively.
[0006] Furthermore, the lateral pressurization device includes a lateral automatic jack; the locking component includes a first limiting nut disposed on the lateral limiting screw and abutting against the first support plate, and a first height adjusting nut disposed on the lateral limiting screw and abutting against the second support plate.
[0007] Furthermore, the upper base and the lower base are connected by multiple longitudinal fixing bolts, and the first support plate and the second support plate are connected by multiple transverse fixing bolts. The upper base and the lower base are also provided with multiple longitudinal guide bolts, and the threaded part of the longitudinal guide bolts passes through the longitudinal pressure plate and slides with the longitudinal pressure plate.
[0008] Furthermore, the vertical pressurization device includes two electromagnets with opposite magnetic properties, which are respectively connected to the upper base and the longitudinal pressure plate.
[0009] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes a fixed limiting screw and two opposing first limiting plates and second limiting plates. The fixed limiting screw passes through the first limiting plates and the second limiting plates, and both the first limiting plates and the second limiting plates are slidably engaged with the fixed limiting screw. The fixed limiting screw can move up and down along the moving groove. The fixed limiting screw is provided with a support nut that can abut against the second limiting plate. A limiting block is provided between the first limiting plate and the first support plate. The fixed limiting screw is provided with a second limiting nut that abuts against the first support plate and a second height adjusting nut that abuts against the second support plate.
[0010] Furthermore, a limiting block is provided between the second limiting plate and the second support plate.
[0011] Furthermore, the lower end of the longitudinal pressure plate has multiple drag-reducing rollers that rotate and come into contact with the soil and rock sample.
[0012] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: 1. This application has a simplified structure, fewer parts, and a simplified assembly and debugging process, which lowers the operating threshold, allows for rapid testing, and reduces the preparation time.
[0013] 2. This application sets up a clamping assembly, which includes a fixed limiting screw and two oppositely arranged first limiting plates and second limiting plates. The distance between the first limiting plates and the second limiting plates can be adjusted according to the different sizes of soil and rock samples, making it widely applicable. The support nut plays a limiting role, ensuring the stability of the clamping.
[0014] 3. This application can adjust the height of the shearing plate by setting a transverse limiting screw and a moving groove, thereby realizing the adjustment of the shearing position of the soil and rock sample. The adjustment is convenient and highly flexible.
[0015] 4. This application achieves accurate force measurement by setting up a normal force sensor, a shear force sensor, and a data acquisition device.
[0016] 5. This application sets up multiple drag-reducing rollers, which contact the upper surface of the soil and rock sample. This changes the sliding friction between the longitudinal pressure plate and the soil and rock sample to the rolling friction between the drag-reducing rollers and the soil and rock sample, effectively reducing the lateral friction force. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping assembly of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal pressure plate of the present invention.
[0020] Illustration markings: 1. Upper base, 2. Longitudinal fixing bolt, 3. Moving groove, 4. Second support plate, 5. Lateral limiting screw, 51. Fixed limiting screw, 6. Longitudinal pressure plate, 7. Lateral automatic jack, 8. Data acquisition unit, 9. Shearing plate, 10. First limiting plate, 11. Second limiting plate, 12. Lower base, 13. Limiting block, 14. Longitudinal guide bolt, 15. Lateral fixing bolt, 16. First support plate, 17. Second height adjusting nut, 171. First height adjusting nut, 18. Support nut, 19. Second limiting nut, 191. First limiting nut, 20. Drag-reducing roller, 21. Vertical pressure device, 22. Magnetic adjustment control unit. Detailed Implementation
[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0022] Please see Figure 1-3This invention provides a soil and rock shear test apparatus, including a test frame. The test frame includes an upper base 1 and a lower base 12. A first support plate 16 and a second support plate 4 are disposed opposite to each other between the upper base 1 and the lower base 12. A shearing assembly and a clamping assembly are disposed between the first support plate 16 and the second support plate 4. The shearing assembly is located above the clamping assembly, and the clamping assembly is used to clamp and fix the soil and rock sample. A vertical pressure device 21 is provided at the lower end of the upper base 1. A longitudinal pressure plate 6 is provided at the lower end of the vertical pressure device 21. The vertical pressure device 21 is used to drive the longitudinal pressure plate 6 to contact the soil and rock sample and apply downward pressure to the soil and rock sample. A normal force sensor is provided between the vertical pressure device 21 and the longitudinal pressure plate 6. The normal force sensor is used to measure the vertical pressure. The shearing assembly includes a shearing plate 9 and a transverse pressing device. A transverse limiting screw 5 is provided through the shearing plate 9. The first support plate 16 and the second support plate 4 are respectively provided with vertical moving grooves 3 that slide with the transverse limiting screw 5. The transverse limiting screw 5 is provided with a locking element for locking the transverse limiting screw 5. The transverse pressing device is located between the shearing plate 9 and the first support plate 16. A shear force sensor is provided between the transverse pressing device and the shearing plate 9. The shear force sensor is used to measure the horizontal shear force. The transverse pressing device is used to drive the shearing plate 9 to contact the soil and rock sample and apply a horizontal shear force to the soil and rock sample. It also includes a data acquisition unit 8, which is connected to the normal force sensor and the horizontal shear force sensor respectively.
[0023] The lateral pressurization device includes a lateral automatic jack 7, which is placed between the first support plate 16 and the shear plate 9. A horizontal shear force sensor is located between the lateral automatic jack 7 and the shear plate 9. The locking components include a first limiting nut 191 located on the lateral limiting screw 5 and abutting against the first support plate 16, and a first height adjusting nut 171 located on the lateral limiting screw 5 and abutting against the second support plate 4. Additionally, there can be two first limiting nuts 191 located on the left and right sides of the first support plate 16, and two first height adjusting nuts 171 located on both sides of the second support plate 4. This application allows for adjustment of the height of the shear plate 9 by using the lateral limiting screw 5 and the moving groove 3, thereby achieving adjustment of the shearing position of the soil and rock sample. The adjustment is convenient and highly flexible. After the lateral automatic jack 7 pushes the shear plate 9 into contact with the soil and rock sample, it applies a horizontal shear force to the soil and rock sample.
[0024] Specifically, the upper base 1 and the lower base 12 are connected by multiple longitudinal fixing bolts 2, and the first support plate 16 and the second support plate 4 are connected by multiple transverse fixing bolts 15. There are four longitudinal fixing bolts 2 and four transverse fixing bolts 15. The upper base 1 and the lower base 12 are also provided with multiple longitudinal guide bolts 14, arranged in a rectangular pattern. The threaded portion of the longitudinal guide bolts 14 passes through the longitudinal pressure plate 6 and slides with it. The vertical pressurizing device 21 includes two electromagnets with opposite magnetic properties, which are respectively connected to the upper base 1 and the longitudinal pressure plate 6. A normal force sensor is disposed between the electromagnet connected to the longitudinal pressure plate 6 and the longitudinal pressure plate 6. The electromagnet includes an iron core and an electromagnetic coil wound around the outside of the iron core. By changing the magnitude of the current in the electromagnet, the applied load is changed. This application also includes a PLC controller, which is electrically connected to the transverse automatic jack 7 and the electromagnets of the vertical pressurizing device 21. The electromagnet 8 is connected to an electromagnet power supply.
[0025] The clamping assembly includes a fixed limiting screw 51 and two opposing first limiting plates 10 and second limiting plates 11. The fixed limiting screw 51 passes through the first limiting plates 10 and second limiting plates 11, and both the first limiting plates 10 and second limiting plates 11 are slidably engaged with the fixed limiting screw 51. The fixed limiting screw 51 can move up and down along the moving groove 3. The fixed limiting screw 51 is provided with a support nut 18 that can abut against the second limiting plate 11. A limiting block 13 is provided between the first limiting plate 10 and the first support plate 16. The fixed limiting screw 51 is provided with a second limiting nut 19 that abuts against the first support plate 16 and a second height adjusting nut 17 that abuts against the second support plate 4. A limiting block 13 is provided between the second limiting plate 11 and the second support plate 4. Multiple drag-reducing rollers 20 rotate at the lower end of the longitudinal pressure plate 6, and the drag-reducing rollers 20 contact the soil and rock sample. Multiple drag-reducing rollers 20 are arranged sequentially along a predetermined direction, which is consistent with the direction in which the horizontal shear force is applied by the transverse pressure device. By setting multiple drag-reducing rollers 20, which contact the upper surface of the soil and rock sample, the sliding friction between the longitudinal pressure plate 6 and the soil and rock sample is changed to the sliding friction between the drag-reducing rollers 20 and the soil and rock sample, effectively reducing the transverse friction force.
[0026] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Several other embodiments based on the design concept of the present invention are also provided below.
[0027] For example, in other embodiments, unlike the embodiments described above, the vertical pressurization device 21 includes a vertical automatic jack.
[0028] For example, in other embodiments, unlike the embodiments described above, the electromagnet in this application is electrically connected to a magnetic adjustment control unit 22, through which the magnetic force of the electromagnet can be adjusted. The principle of an electromagnet is to insert an iron core inside an energized electromagnetic coil. When the iron core is energized, the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil is magnetized, and the magnetized iron core also becomes a magnet. Thus, due to the superposition of the two magnetic fields, the magnetism of the electromagnetic coil is greatly enhanced. Therefore, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet is related to the magnitude of the current, the number of coil turns, and the ferromagnetic material at the center. This application uses the control of the current magnitude to control the magnetic force of the electromagnet, making the adjustment of the electromagnet's magnetic force more convenient.
[0029] In this embodiment, the magnetic adjustment control unit 22 is a sliding rheostat. Therefore, by adjusting the adjustment knob of the sliding rheostat, the resistance of the control circuit containing the electromagnet is adjusted, thereby adjusting the control current of the control circuit containing the electromagnet, thus achieving the purpose of adjusting the magnetic strength of the electromagnet, making the adjustment more convenient and faster. Of course, this adjustment method is not limited to this one; other methods can also be used to adjust the magnetic strength of the electromagnet.
[0030] This application places the soil and rock sample within the clamping assembly, ensuring a tight fit between the sample and the first limiting plate 10 and the second limiting plate 11. The height of the shearing plate 9 is adjusted using the transverse limiting screw 5 and the moving groove 3, and then locked in place by the locking device. Vertical pressure is then applied via the vertical pressing device 21, while the transverse pressing device applies horizontal shear force to the soil and rock sample. Loading is stopped when the shear displacement reaches 10%–20% of the sample's side length to prevent excessive shear displacement from causing data errors. During loading, operators must stand to the side of the device, away from directly in front of the sample, to avoid injury from fragmented and flying soil and rock samples.
[0031] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A soil and rock shear test apparatus, comprising a test frame, the test frame including an upper base (1) and a lower base (12), wherein a first support plate (16) and a second support plate (4) are disposed opposite to each other between the upper base (1) and the lower base (12), characterized in that, A shearing assembly and a clamping assembly are provided between the first support plate (16) and the second support plate (4). The shearing assembly is located above the clamping assembly, and the clamping assembly is used to clamp and fix the soil and rock sample. The lower end of the upper base (1) is provided with a vertical pressure device (21), and the lower end of the vertical pressure device (21) is provided with a longitudinal pressure plate (6). The vertical pressure device (21) is used to drive the longitudinal pressure plate (6) to contact the soil sample and apply downward pressure to the soil sample. A normal force sensor is provided between the vertical pressure device (21) and the longitudinal pressure plate (6). The shearing assembly includes a shearing plate (9) and a transverse pressure device. A transverse limiting screw (5) is provided through the shearing plate (9). The first support plate (16) and the second support plate (4) are respectively provided with a moving groove (3) that slides with the transverse limiting screw (5) in the vertical direction. A locking element is provided on the transverse limiting screw (5) for locking the transverse limiting screw (5). The transverse pressure device is located between the shearing plate (9) and the first support plate (16). A shear force sensor is provided between the transverse pressure device and the shearing plate (9). The transverse pressure device is used to drive the shearing plate (9) to contact the soil and rock sample and apply a horizontal shear force to the soil and rock sample. It also includes a data acquisition unit (8), which is connected to the normal force sensor and the horizontal shear force sensor respectively.
2. The soil and rock shear test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transverse pressurization device includes a transverse automatic jack (7); the locking component includes a first limiting nut (191) disposed on the transverse limiting screw (5) and abutting against the first support plate (16) and a first height adjusting nut (171) disposed on the transverse limiting screw (5) and abutting against the second support plate (4).
3. The soil and rock shear test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper base (1) and the lower base (12) are connected by multiple longitudinal fixing bolts (2), and the first support plate (16) and the second support plate (4) are connected by multiple transverse fixing bolts (15). The upper base (1) and the lower base (12) are also provided with multiple longitudinal guide bolts (14). The screw part of the longitudinal guide bolt (14) passes through the longitudinal pressure plate (6) and slides with the longitudinal pressure plate (6).
4. The soil and rock shear test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical pressurization device (21) includes two electromagnets with opposite magnetic properties, which are connected to the upper base (1) and the longitudinal pressure plate (6) respectively.
5. The soil and rock shear test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping assembly includes a fixed limiting screw (51) and two opposing first limiting plates (10) and second limiting plates (11). The fixed limiting screw (51) passes through the first limiting plate (10) and the second limiting plate (11). The first limiting plate (10) and the second limiting plate (11) are both slidably engaged with the fixed limiting screw (51). The fixed limiting screw (51) can move up and down along the moving groove (3). The fixed limiting screw (51) is provided with a support nut (18) that can abut against the second limiting plate (11). A limiting block (13) is provided between the first limiting plate (10) and the first support plate (16). The fixed limiting screw (51) is provided with a second limiting nut (19) that abuts against the first support plate (16) and a second height adjusting nut (17) that abuts against the second support plate (4).
6. The soil and rock shear testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting block (13) is provided between the second limiting plate (11) and the second support plate (4).
7. The soil and rock shear testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the longitudinal pressure plate (6) has multiple drag-reducing rollers (20) that rotate and come into contact with the soil and rock sample.