New energy station frequency modulation system dynamic performance and continuous step response test method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and discloses a new energy station frequency modulation system dynamic performance and continuous step response test method, which comprises the following specific steps: S1, connection and calibration of a test system; s2, testing signal parameter configuration; s3, executing a dynamic performance test; s4, a continuous step response special test is carried out; s5, data and video conjoint analysis; s6, quantitatively evaluating a test result; s7, performing off-line reproduction of the fault scene; s8, maintaining and verifying the testing device; and S9, generating and filing a test report. According to the invention, through high-precision calibration and multi-mode signal configuration, the accuracy and reliability of test data are ensured; a dual-channel synchronous acquisition and dynamic compensation algorithm is adopted, the response characteristics of the system are accurately captured, and the measurement precision in a small frequency deviation scene is improved; and in combination with video conjoint analysis and quantitative evaluation, the adjustment performance and the anti-interference capability are deeply revealed, and a complete dynamic performance evaluation closed loop is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy technology, specifically a test method for the dynamic performance and continuous step response of a frequency regulation system for new energy power stations. Background Technology

[0002] Dynamic performance testing of frequency regulation systems in new energy power plants assesses system response speed (lag time ≤ 1s), regulation accuracy (steady-state deviation ≤ ±1% of rated power), and disturbance rejection capability by simulating frequency step / slope disturbances. Key indicators include Tr, V, and Ess. Continuous step response testing verifies regulation robustness and dead-zone compensation effectiveness through composite disturbances (such as sinusoidal noise superimposed on random noise), ensuring no erroneous operation when the frequency deviation is ≤ ±0.005Hz. Test data must be stored in accordance with the IEC New Energy 61850-90-5 standard format. Existing methods for dynamic performance and continuous step response testing of frequency regulation systems in new energy power plants have several problems in practice. First, the testing methods and equipment have significant limitations: traditional testing relies on general-purpose electrical testing instruments, requiring manual parameter configuration, which is cumbersome and prone to introducing errors. Especially in dead-zone verification and limiting tests, manual intervention may cause frequency signal deviation or limiting control failure; for example, frequency deviation in ±0.1Hz dead-zone testing may lead to erroneous operation. Furthermore, the lack of a complete set of automated testing systems means that some test items (such as continuous step response in discrete systems) require custom-written code, increasing the technical barrier. Secondly, the testing environment is disconnected from real-world scenarios: laboratory conditions struggle to reproduce the complex operating conditions of actual power grids, such as the phase shift and duration requirements of voltage dips / steps, and cannot fully simulate interference factors like harmonics and resonances, leading to discrepancies between test results and actual performance. Simultaneously, the ability to reproduce extreme conditions (such as phase shifts > 60°) is insufficient, affecting the comprehensiveness of the test. Thirdly, testing efficiency and cost are significant issues: traditional testing processes are cumbersome, requiring multiple tests and parameter adjustments in stages, resulting in long cycles and low efficiency. On-site testing also requires coordination of multiple devices, incurring substantial human and material costs. In addition, insufficient standardization and varying testing requirements across different regions lead to customized solution development, with some indicators (such as "timely response") being vaguely defined, increasing the subjectivity of the results. In addition, the limitations of standards and specifications are obvious: current standards (such as GB / T New Energy 40595-2021) do not fully cover actual needs such as continuous regulation capability and long-term regulation capability, and lack specifications for new testing methods (such as big data-based evaluation), which leads to uncertainty in the application of technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for testing the dynamic performance and continuous step response of a frequency regulation system for new energy power plants, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a test method for the dynamic performance and continuous step response of a frequency regulation system for new energy power stations, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1: Test system connection and calibration: Connect the high-precision power analyzer to the grid connection point of the new energy unit, connect the signal generator and match the impedance, and execute the self-calibration program to ensure that the measurement link error is less than or equal to 0.5dB; S2: Test signal parameter configuration: Set the signal generator step Δf = ±0.2Hz greater than or equal to 10s, and the ramp 0.1Hz / s greater than or equal to 30s. The continuous step test generates a 0.1Hz~1Hz sinusoidal noise of ±0.1Hz with a superimposed noise of less than or equal to 0.01Hz² / Hz. S3: Dynamic performance test execution: Start the test, the signal generator outputs a disturbance signal and triggers the acquisition card synchronously through the real-time interface. The dual channels record the frequency deviation and power waveform at a sampling rate of greater than or equal to 10kHz, ensuring that the phase difference is less than or equal to 0.1°. S4: Continuous Step Response Test: The programmable signal generator generates 5 step sequences of ±0.15Hz, with an interval of 1~5 seconds. The dynamic compensation algorithm is enabled, and when Δf is less than or equal to 0.05Hz, it is automatically adjusted to ±0.08Hz. S5: Data and video joint analysis: Generate video spectrograms from short-time Fourier transform of the data, and calculate response time Tr, adjustment rate V=ΔP / Tr and steady-state error Ess; S6: Quantitative evaluation of test results: Generate a dynamic performance report containing Tr, V, and Ess to evaluate the system robustness and dead zone compensation effect under combined disturbances; S7: Offline reproduction of fault scenarios: Stores IEC New Energy 61850-90-5 format data, including timestamps, Δf, P, and Q, and reconstructs fault scenarios for secondary analysis by playing them back through the test host; S8: Test equipment maintenance and verification: After testing, calibrate the time base with a rubidium atomic clock, and periodically verify that the frequency resolution of the signal generator is less than or equal to 0.001Hz and the amplitude stability is less than or equal to ±0.005Hz; S9: Test Report Generation and Archiving: Generate standardized reports containing dynamic indicators, video analysis, and fault conclusions, and archive them to the IEC New Energy 61850 database to support long-term tracking and analysis.

[0005] Preferably, the specific steps for connecting and calibrating the test system in S1 are as follows: Step 1: Connect the instrument and synchronize signal acquisition; The current clamp of the high-precision power analyzer is clamped to the output cable of the grid connection point of the new energy unit, and the voltage probe is connected in parallel to the grid connection point bus to complete the physical connection. Then, the dual-channel synchronous acquisition mode is configured on the analyzer, with channel 1 set for frequency signal acquisition and channel 2 for active power acquisition, and the sampling rate is greater than or equal to 10kHz to ensure that the time scales of the two channels are strictly aligned. Step 2: Impedance matching of the signal generator; Connect the signal generator to the system under test via a coaxial cable and connect an impedance matching circuit in series. Adjust the inductor / capacitor to achieve conjugate matching. Use a network analyzer to verify that the reflection coefficient S11 is less than or equal to -20dB to ensure distortion-free signal transmission. Step 3: Self-calibration and error verification; The power analyzer's self-calibration module is activated, open-circuit calibration is performed, and the input signal is disconnected to record the noise floor power value. Then, short-circuit calibration is performed, and the current clamp and voltage probe are shorted to obtain the residual signal amplitude. Based on the calibration data, the measurement link transfer function is corrected, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic error in the 20Hz~20kHz frequency band is verified to be less than or equal to 0.5dB using a spectrum analyzer.

[0006] Preferably, the specific steps for configuring the test signal parameters in S2 are as follows: Step 1: Configure the step response test mode in the signal generator, set the frequency deviation Δf = ±0.2Hz and the duration greater than or equal to 10s; if continuous testing is required, generate a composite signal containing a sine component of 0.1Hz~1Hz and random noise. Step 2: Optionally switch to ramp response mode, set the rate of change to 0.1 Hz / s and maintain it for a duration of 30 seconds or more.

[0007] Preferably, the specific steps for performing the dynamic performance test in S3 are as follows: Step 1: Perform open-circuit calibration; Start the self-calibration module on the power analyzer interface and select the "open circuit calibration" mode. After completely disconnecting the input signal, wait for the noise floor to stabilize, record the current channel noise floor power value, and save it to the device memory as a subsequent correction benchmark. Step 2: Perform short-circuit calibration; Use a dedicated shorting plug to short-circuit the current clamp input terminal and close the voltage probe input terminal with a BNC shorting cap; select the "short-circuit calibration" mode in the self-calibration module and start the test, recording the residual signal amplitude; if the amplitude exceeds 1% of the full scale, check the connection and retest. Step 3: Transfer function correction and verification; Based on the open / short circuit calibration data, a compensation curve is generated in the analyzer software to correct the transfer function; the spectrum analyzer is connected to the test port and the frequency band of 20Hz-20kHz is set, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic error after correction is scanned and verified to be less than or equal to ±0.5dB. The calibration certificate is then saved to local storage.

[0008] Preferably, the continuous step response test in S4 refers to generating five consecutive ±0.15Hz step signal sequences in a programmable control signal generator, with the interval between each step randomly set within the range of 1 to 5 seconds, forming a dynamic frequency disturbance test sequence; simultaneously activating the adjustment dead zone dynamic compensation algorithm, when the detected frequency deviation Δf is less than or equal to 0.05Hz, the algorithm automatically triggers the amplitude adjustment mechanism to dynamically correct the test signal to a ±0.08Hz output, optimizing the linearity of the step response test through closed-loop feedback, ensuring measurement accuracy and system stability under small frequency offset scenarios, and recording the number of compensation triggers and the corrected waveform data throughout the process.

[0009] Preferably, the data-video joint analysis in S5 refers to generating a video spectrogram by performing a short-time Fourier transform on the acquired data, visualizing the video coupling characteristics of frequency disturbance and power response during dynamic adjustment; extracting key indicators based on time-domain waveforms: response time Tr, calculating the adjustment rate V=ΔP / Tr to characterize the speed of dynamic response, and quantifying the long-term stability of the system through steady-state error Ess, forming a complete dynamic performance evaluation closed loop.

[0010] Preferably, the quantitative evaluation of test results in S6 is used to generate a dynamic performance test report, integrating response time Tr, adjustment rate V, and steady-state error Ess indicators, and attaching step / ramp response curves to quantify dynamic characteristics; for continuous step tests, the system's adjustment robustness is evaluated through video spectrum analysis under composite disturbances, verifying the ability of the dynamic compensation algorithm to suppress dead zone effects, ensuring that the steady-state error Ess is less than or equal to ±0.02Hz and the adjustment rate V is greater than or equal to 0.5Hz / s, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of control accuracy and disturbance rejection performance.

[0011] Preferably, the specific steps for offline reproduction of the fault scenario in S7 are as follows: Step 1: Export the test data and convert the format. Use the IEC New Energy 61850-90-5 standard template to generate a compliance file containing four sets of sequences: timestamp, Δf, P, and Q. Step 2: Verify data integrity using dedicated verification tools to confirm that the sampling rate, units, and sequence synchronization meet the standard specifications; Step 3: Load the standardized file on the test host, set the fault injection parameters, start playback and trigger the secondary analysis module to generate a time-domain waveform and spectrum characteristic report of the adjustment process.

[0012] Preferably, the maintenance and verification of the test device in S8 refers to the following steps after each test: The host clock reference is synchronized with a rubidium atomic clock; the transmission delay is compensated by a PPS signal to ensure that the data timescale alignment error is less than or equal to 1 μs, meeting the high-precision timing requirements of G04F5 / 14; a frequency counter and a power analyzer are used simultaneously to periodically verify the signal generator; and its output frequency resolution is less than or equal to 0.001 Hz and amplitude stability is less than or equal to ±0.005 Hz through 72 hours of continuous monitoring. Environmental interference is eliminated by combining temperature cycling tests, and a calibration certificate and long-term drift trend report that meet the standards are generated to ensure the traceability effectiveness of the test system's measurement values.

[0013] Preferably, the test report generation and archiving in S9 refers to summarizing dynamic performance indicators, video analysis results, and fault reproduction conclusions to generate a standardized test report, and archiving the test data and report to the IEC New Energy 61850 standard database. This database uses a hierarchical information model to organize data, covers various functions of the substation through logical nodes, supports long-term data storage and traceability, and facilitates subsequent performance analysis and comparison.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention ensures the accuracy and reliability of test data through high-precision calibration and multi-mode signal configuration; it employs dual-channel synchronous acquisition and dynamic compensation algorithms to accurately capture system response characteristics and improve measurement accuracy in scenarios with small frequency offsets; combined with video joint analysis and quantitative evaluation, it deeply reveals regulation performance and anti-interference capabilities, forming a complete dynamic performance evaluation closed loop; it supports offline reproduction of fault scenarios and long-term data tracking, providing closed-loop verification for system optimization; and it finally generates a standardized report, achieving full controllability and traceability of the test process; furthermore, this method ensures the long-term stability of the test system and the effectiveness of measurement traceability through rigorous device maintenance and verification processes, providing a comprehensive and accurate solution for the performance evaluation and optimization of frequency regulation systems in new energy power plants. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall usage process of the testing method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, this embodiment of the invention provides a test method for the dynamic performance and continuous step response of a frequency regulation system for new energy power stations. The specific steps of this test method are as follows: S1: Test system connection and calibration: Connect the high-precision power analyzer to the grid connection point of the new energy unit, connect the signal generator and match the impedance, and execute the self-calibration program to ensure that the measurement link error is less than or equal to 0.5dB; S2: Test signal parameter configuration: Set the signal generator step Δf = ±0.2Hz greater than or equal to 10s, and the ramp 0.1Hz / s greater than or equal to 30s. The continuous step test generates a 0.1Hz~1Hz sinusoidal noise of ±0.1Hz with a superimposed noise of less than or equal to 0.01Hz² / Hz. S3: Dynamic performance test execution: Start the test, the signal generator outputs a disturbance signal and triggers the acquisition card synchronously through the real-time interface. The dual channels record the frequency deviation and power waveform at a sampling rate of greater than or equal to 10kHz, ensuring that the phase difference is less than or equal to 0.1°. S4: Continuous Step Response Test: The programmable signal generator generates 5 step sequences of ±0.15Hz, with an interval of 1~5 seconds. The dynamic compensation algorithm is enabled, and when Δf is less than or equal to 0.05Hz, it is automatically adjusted to ±0.08Hz. S5: Data and video joint analysis: Generate video spectrograms from short-time Fourier transform of the data, and calculate response time Tr, adjustment rate V=ΔP / Tr and steady-state error Ess; S6: Quantitative evaluation of test results: Generate a dynamic performance report containing Tr, V, and Ess to evaluate the system robustness and dead zone compensation effect under combined disturbances; S7: Offline reproduction of fault scenarios: Stores IEC New Energy 61850-90-5 format data, including timestamps, Δf, P, and Q, and reconstructs fault scenarios for secondary analysis by playing them back through the test host; S8: Test equipment maintenance and verification: After testing, calibrate the time base with a rubidium atomic clock, and periodically verify that the frequency resolution of the signal generator is less than or equal to 0.001Hz and the amplitude stability is less than or equal to ±0.005Hz; S9: Test Report Generation and Archiving: Generate standardized reports containing dynamic indicators, video analysis, and fault conclusions, and archive them to the IEC New Energy 61850 database to support long-term tracking and analysis.

[0018] High-precision calibration and multi-mode signal configuration ensure test accuracy and scenario coverage; dual-channel synchronous acquisition and dynamic compensation algorithms accurately capture system response characteristics; combined with video analysis and quantitative evaluation, deeply reveal regulation performance and anti-interference capabilities; support offline reproduction of fault scenarios and long-term data tracking, providing closed-loop verification for system optimization; finally, a standardized report is generated, realizing full-process controllability and result traceability, significantly improving the testing efficiency and evaluation reliability of the frequency regulation system of new energy power stations.

[0019] The specific steps for connecting and calibrating the test system in S1 are as follows: Step 1: Connect the instrument and synchronize signal acquisition; The current clamp of the high-precision power analyzer is clamped to the output cable of the grid connection point of the new energy unit, and the voltage probe is connected in parallel to the grid connection point bus to complete the physical connection. Then, the dual-channel synchronous acquisition mode is configured on the analyzer, with channel 1 set for frequency signal acquisition and channel 2 for active power acquisition, and the sampling rate is greater than or equal to 10kHz to ensure that the time scales of the two channels are strictly aligned. Step 2: Impedance matching of the signal generator; Connect the signal generator to the system under test via a coaxial cable and connect an impedance matching circuit in series. Adjust the inductor / capacitor to achieve conjugate matching. Use a network analyzer to verify that the reflection coefficient S11 is less than or equal to -20dB to ensure distortion-free signal transmission. Step 3: Self-calibration and error verification; The power analyzer's self-calibration module is activated, open-circuit calibration is performed, and the input signal is disconnected to record the noise floor power value. Then, short-circuit calibration is performed, and the current clamp and voltage probe are shorted to obtain the residual signal amplitude. Based on the calibration data, the measurement link transfer function is corrected, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic error in the 20Hz~20kHz frequency band is verified to be less than or equal to 0.5dB using a spectrum analyzer.

[0020] High-precision instrument configuration and rigorous calibration procedures ensured the accuracy and reliability of the test data. The dual-channel synchronous acquisition mode guaranteed strict alignment of the frequency and active power signal timescales, providing a precise timing reference for dynamic performance analysis. Impedance matching and reflection coefficient verification ensured distortion-free signal transmission, avoiding test errors. Furthermore, self-calibration and error verification steps effectively controlled the amplitude-frequency characteristic error of the measurement link, improving the confidence level of the test results and laying a solid foundation for subsequent performance evaluation.

[0021] The specific steps for configuring the test signal parameters in S2 are as follows: Step 1: Configure the step response test mode in the signal generator, set the frequency deviation Δf = ±0.2Hz and the duration greater than or equal to 10s; if continuous testing is required, generate a composite signal containing a sine component of 0.1Hz~1Hz (amplitude ±0.1Hz) and random noise (less than or equal to 0.01Hz² / Hz); Step 2: Optionally switch to ramp response mode, set the rate of change to 0.1 Hz / s and maintain it for a duration of 30 seconds or more.

[0022] By configuring a step / ramp dual-mode, the test covers both transient response and long-term dynamic characteristics. The composite signal superimposed with sinusoidal components and noise accurately reproduces actual power grid disturbance scenarios. Parameter threshold settings (Δf=±0.2Hz, 0.1Hz / s rate) ensure coverage of extreme operating conditions, improving test rigor and result reliability, and providing multi-dimensional quantitative evidence for system regulation performance evaluation.

[0023] The specific steps for performing the dynamic performance test in S3 are as follows: Step 1: Perform open-circuit calibration; Start the self-calibration module on the power analyzer interface and select the "open circuit calibration" mode. After completely disconnecting the input signal, wait for the noise floor to stabilize, record the current channel noise floor power value (dBm), and save it to the device memory as a subsequent correction benchmark. Step 2: Perform short-circuit calibration; Use a dedicated shorting plug to short-circuit the current clamp input terminal and close the voltage probe input terminal with a BNC shorting cap; select "Short-circuit calibration" mode in the self-calibration module and start the test, recording the residual signal amplitude (V / A); if the amplitude exceeds 1% of the full scale, check the connection and retest; Step 3: Transfer function correction and verification; Based on the open / short circuit calibration data, a compensation curve is generated in the analyzer software to correct the transfer function; the spectrum analyzer is connected to the test port and the frequency band of 20Hz-20kHz is set, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic error after correction is scanned and verified to be less than or equal to ±0.5dB. The calibration certificate is then saved to local storage.

[0024] Through open-circuit / short-circuit dual-mode calibration, the background noise and residual signal interference of the test link are accurately eliminated, improving the accuracy of basic measurements. Transfer function correction combined with spectrum verification ensures that the amplitude-frequency characteristic error within the 20Hz-20kHz wide frequency band is less than or equal to ±0.5dB, guaranteeing the frequency domain fidelity of dynamic response analysis. Local storage of calibration certificates provides a traceable benchmark for subsequent tests, forming a closed-loop quality control system, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of dynamic characteristic evaluation of the frequency regulation system of new energy power stations.

[0025] The continuous step response test in S4 refers to generating five consecutive ±0.15Hz step signal sequences using a programmable control signal generator. The interval between each step is randomly set within the range of 1 to 5 seconds, forming a dynamic frequency disturbance test sequence. Simultaneously, a dynamic dead-zone compensation algorithm is activated. When the detected frequency deviation Δf is less than or equal to 0.05Hz, the algorithm automatically triggers an amplitude adjustment mechanism to dynamically correct the test signal to a ±0.08Hz output. The linearity of the step response test is optimized through closed-loop feedback to ensure measurement accuracy and system stability under small frequency offset scenarios. The number of compensation triggers and the corrected waveform data are recorded throughout the process.

[0026] In S5, the joint data and video analysis refers to generating a video spectrum by performing a short-time Fourier transform on the collected data, visualizing the video coupling characteristics of frequency disturbance and power response during dynamic adjustment; extracting key indicators based on time-domain waveforms: response time Tr (the time from frequency step to power entering the ±2% steady-state range), calculating the adjustment rate V=ΔP / Tr to characterize the speed of dynamic response, and quantifying the long-term stability of the system through steady-state error Ess, forming a complete dynamic performance evaluation closed loop.

[0027] In S6, the quantitative evaluation of test results is used to generate a dynamic performance test report, integrating response time Tr, adjustment rate V, and steady-state error Ess, and attaching step / ramp response curves to quantify dynamic characteristics. For continuous step tests, the system's adjustment robustness is evaluated through video spectrum analysis under composite disturbances (sine component + random noise), verifying the ability of the dynamic compensation algorithm to suppress dead zone effects, ensuring that the steady-state error Ess is less than or equal to ±0.02Hz and the adjustment rate V is greater than or equal to 0.5Hz / s, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of control accuracy and disturbance rejection performance.

[0028] The specific steps for offline reproduction of the fault scenario in S7 are as follows: Step 1: Export the test data and convert the format. Use the IEC New Energy 61850-90-5 standard template to generate a compliance file (e.g., .CFG+.DAT) containing four sets of sequences: timestamp, Δf, P, and Q. Step 2: Verify data integrity using dedicated verification tools to confirm that the sampling rate, units, and sequence synchronization meet the standard specifications; Step 3: Load the standardized file on the test host, set the fault injection parameters (such as Δf mutation amplitude and duration), start playback and trigger the secondary analysis module to generate a time-domain waveform and spectrum characteristic report of the adjustment process.

[0029] Offline fault scenario reproduction utilizes standardized data encapsulation based on IEC New Energy 61850-90-5, enabling portable and long-term traceability of test scenarios and supporting cross-platform comparative analysis. Dedicated verification tools ensure data integrity, eliminate sampling rate bias and dimensional mismatch risks, and guarantee reproduction accuracy. The test host's fault injection and secondary analysis functions can deeply analyze the characteristics of the regulation process video and verify the robustness of the control strategy. This process forms a closed loop of "test-reproduction-optimization," significantly improving the efficiency of fault root cause location and system iterative optimization capabilities, providing data-driven decision support for improving the frequency regulation performance of new energy power plants.

[0030] In S8, the maintenance and verification of the testing device refers to the following steps after each test: synchronizing the host clock reference with a rubidium atomic clock, using PPS signals to compensate for transmission delays, ensuring that the data timescale alignment error is less than or equal to 1 μs to meet high-precision timing requirements; simultaneously using a frequency counter and power analyzer to periodically verify the signal generator, verifying its output frequency resolution is less than or equal to 0.001 Hz and amplitude stability is less than or equal to ±0.005 Hz through 72 hours of continuous monitoring; combining temperature cycling tests to eliminate environmental interference; and generating a calibration certificate and long-term drift trend report that meet the standards to ensure the traceability effectiveness of the test system's measurement values.

[0031] In S9, test report generation and archiving refers to summarizing dynamic performance indicators, video analysis results, and fault reproduction conclusions to generate a standardized test report, and archiving the test data and report to the IEC New Energy 61850 standard database. This database uses a hierarchical information model to organize data, covers various functions of the substation through logical nodes (LN), supports long-term data storage and traceability, and facilitates subsequent performance analysis and comparison.

[0032] Example of dynamic performance and continuous step response test of frequency regulation system in new energy power station; Test system connection and calibration; Instrument Connection: Clamp the current clamp of the high-precision power analyzer to the output cable of the wind turbine grid connection point, and connect the voltage probe in parallel to the 35kV bus. Configure a dual-channel synchronous acquisition mode, with channel 1 set for frequency signal acquisition (sampling rate 10kHz) and channel 2 for active power acquisition (sampling rate 10kHz), ensuring that the time scale alignment error between the two channels is ≤0.1°.

[0033] Impedance matching: Connect the signal generator and the system under test through a coaxial cable, connect the impedance matching circuit in series, and adjust the inductance value until the reflection coefficient S11 ≤ -20dB (verification tool: network analyzer E5071C).

[0034] Self-calibration: Perform open-circuit calibration and record the background noise power value as -85dBm; after short-circuit calibration, the residual signal amplitude is 0.03V (<1% of full scale), generate a compensation curve to correct the transfer function, and verify with a spectrum analyzer that the amplitude-frequency characteristic error in the 20Hz~20kHz frequency band is ≤0.5dB.

[0035] Test signal parameter configuration; Step mode: Set Δf = +0.2Hz for 15s; switch to ramp mode, set the rate to 0.1Hz / s for 40s.

[0036] Continuous step test: Generate a composite signal containing a 0.5Hz sine component (amplitude ±0.1Hz) and 0.005Hz² / Hz noise, and superimpose it onto the step sequence.

[0037] Dynamic performance test execution; Open circuit calibration: Disconnect the input signal and record the noise floor power value of -90dBm.

[0038] Short-circuit calibration: Short-circuit the current clamp and voltage probe. The residual signal amplitude is 0.02V, which passes the calibration.

[0039] Transfer function correction: After generating the compensation curve, the spectrum analyzer verifies that the error in the 20Hz-20kHz frequency band is ≤±0.5dB, and saves the calibration certificate locally.

[0040] Continuous step response specific test; The programmable signal generator produces five ±0.15Hz step sequences, randomly distributed at 3s intervals. A dynamic compensation algorithm is enabled; when Δf ≤ 0.05Hz, the output is automatically adjusted to ±0.08Hz. The number of compensation triggers (4 in total) and the corrected waveform data are recorded throughout the process.

[0041] Joint analysis of data and video; A short-time Fourier transform is performed on the step response data to generate a video spectrogram. The response time Tr = 0.8s is extracted, the adjustment rate V = ΔP / Tr = 1.25Hz / s is calculated, and the steady-state error Ess = 0.015Hz.

[0042] Quantitative evaluation of test results; Generate a dynamic performance report, integrating Tr, V, and Ess metrics, and attaching step response curves. For continuous step tests, the video spectrogram shows that the system's robustness meets the standards, and the dynamic compensation algorithm suppresses dead-zone effects (Ess≤±0.02Hz).

[0043] Offline reproduction of fault scenarios; Export the test data to an IEC 61850-90-5 format file, including timestamps, Δf, P, and Q sequences. After verifying the data integrity using a dedicated verification tool, set the Δf abrupt change amplitude to ±0.3Hz on the test host and start playback to generate a time-domain waveform and spectral characteristic report.

[0044] Test equipment maintenance and verification; After testing, the time base was calibrated using a rubidium atomic clock, and the transmission delay was compensated by a PPS signal, with a data timescale alignment error ≤1μs. A frequency counter monitored the signal generator for 72 hours to verify a frequency resolution of 0.0005Hz and an amplitude stability of ±0.003Hz, and a calibration certificate was generated.

[0045] Test report generation and archiving; The system summarizes dynamic metrics (Tr=0.8s, V=1.25Hz / s, Ess=0.015Hz), video analysis results, and fault reproduction conclusions to generate a standardized report. This report is archived in the IEC 61850 database, supporting long-term performance tracking and comparative analysis.

[0046] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0047] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A test method for dynamic performance and continuous step response of frequency regulation system in new energy power stations, characterized in that: The specific steps of this testing method are as follows: S1: Test system connection and calibration: Connect the high-precision power analyzer to the grid connection point of the new energy unit, connect the signal generator and match the impedance, and execute the self-calibration program to ensure that the measurement link error is less than or equal to 0.5dB; S2: Test signal parameter configuration: Set the signal generator step Δf = ±0.2Hz greater than or equal to 10s, and the ramp 0.1Hz / s greater than or equal to 30s. The continuous step test generates a 0.1Hz~1Hz sinusoidal noise of ±0.1Hz with a superimposed noise of less than or equal to 0.01Hz² / Hz. S3: Dynamic performance test execution: Start the test, the signal generator outputs a disturbance signal and triggers the acquisition card synchronously through the real-time interface. The dual channels record the frequency deviation and power waveform at a sampling rate of greater than or equal to 10kHz, ensuring that the phase difference is less than or equal to 0.1°. S4: Continuous Step Response Test: The programmable signal generator generates 5 step sequences of ±0.15Hz, with an interval of 1~5 seconds. The dynamic compensation algorithm is enabled, and when Δf is less than or equal to 0.05Hz, it is automatically adjusted to ±0.08Hz. S5: Data and video joint analysis: Generate video spectrograms from short-time Fourier transform of the data, and calculate response time Tr, adjustment rate V=ΔP / Tr and steady-state error Ess; S6: Quantitative evaluation of test results: Generate a dynamic performance report containing Tr, V, and Ess to evaluate the system robustness and dead zone compensation effect under combined disturbances; S7: Offline reproduction of fault scenarios: Stores IEC New Energy 61850-90-5 format data, including timestamps, Δf, P, and Q, and reconstructs fault scenarios for secondary analysis by playing them back through the test host; S8: Test equipment maintenance and verification: After testing, calibrate the time base with a rubidium atomic clock, and periodically verify that the frequency resolution of the signal generator is less than or equal to 0.001Hz and the amplitude stability is less than or equal to ±0.005Hz; S9: Test Report Generation and Archiving: Generate standardized reports containing dynamic indicators, video analysis, and fault conclusions, and archive them to the IEC New Energy 61850 database to support long-term tracking and analysis.

2. The method for testing the dynamic performance and continuous step response of the frequency regulation system of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for connecting and calibrating the test system in S1 are as follows: Step 1: Connect the instrument and synchronize signal acquisition; The current clamp of the high-precision power analyzer is clamped to the output cable of the grid connection point of the new energy unit, and the voltage probe is connected in parallel to the grid connection point bus to complete the physical connection. Then, the dual-channel synchronous acquisition mode is configured on the analyzer, with channel 1 set for frequency signal acquisition and channel 2 for active power acquisition, and the sampling rate is greater than or equal to 10kHz to ensure that the time scales of the two channels are strictly aligned. Step 2: Impedance matching of the signal generator; Connect the signal generator to the system under test via a coaxial cable and connect an impedance matching circuit in series. Adjust the inductor / capacitor to achieve conjugate matching. Use a network analyzer to verify that the reflection coefficient S11 is less than or equal to -20dB to ensure distortion-free signal transmission. Step 3: Self-calibration and error verification; Start the power analyzer self-calibration module, perform open-circuit calibration and disconnect the input signal to record the noise floor power value, then perform short-circuit calibration, short-circuit the current clamp and voltage probe to obtain the residual signal amplitude; Based on the calibration data, the measurement link transfer function was corrected, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic error in the 20Hz~20kHz frequency band was verified to be less than or equal to 0.5dB using a spectrum analyzer.

3. The method for testing the dynamic performance and continuous step response of the frequency regulation system of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for configuring the test signal parameters in S2 are as follows: Step 1: Configure the step response test mode in the signal generator, set the frequency deviation Δf = ±0.2Hz and the duration greater than or equal to 10s; If continuous testing is required, a composite signal containing a sine component of 0.1Hz to 1Hz and random noise is generated. Step 2: Optionally switch to ramp response mode, set the rate of change to 0.1 Hz / s and maintain it for a duration of 30 seconds or more.

4. The method for testing the dynamic performance and continuous step response of the frequency regulation system of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for performing dynamic performance testing in S3 are as follows: Step 1: Perform open-circuit calibration; Start the self-calibration module on the power analyzer interface and select the "open circuit calibration" mode. After completely disconnecting the input signal, wait for the noise floor to stabilize, record the current channel noise floor power value, and save it to the device memory as a subsequent correction benchmark. Step 2: Perform short-circuit calibration; Use a dedicated shorting plug to short-circuit the current clamp input terminal, and close the voltage probe input terminal with a BNC shorting cap; select "Short-circuit calibration" mode in the self-calibration module and start the test, recording the residual signal amplitude; If the amplitude exceeds 1% of full scale, check the connection and retest; Step 3: Transfer function correction and verification; Based on the open / short circuit calibration data, a compensation curve is generated in the analyzer software to correct the transfer function; the spectrum analyzer is connected to the test port and the frequency band of 20Hz-20kHz is set, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic error after correction is scanned and verified to be less than or equal to ±0.5dB. The calibration certificate is then saved to local storage.

5. The method for testing the dynamic performance and continuous step response of the frequency regulation system of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous step response test in S4 refers to generating five consecutive positive and negative 0.15Hz step signal sequences in a programmable control signal generator, with the interval between each step randomly set within the range of 1 to 5 seconds, forming a dynamic frequency disturbance test sequence. The algorithm for dynamic compensation of dead zone is activated simultaneously. When the frequency deviation Δf is less than or equal to 0.05Hz, the algorithm automatically triggers the amplitude adjustment mechanism to dynamically correct the test signal to ±0.08Hz output. The linearity of the step response test is optimized through closed-loop feedback to ensure measurement accuracy and system stability in scenarios with small frequency offsets. The number of compensation triggers and the corrected waveform data are recorded throughout the process.

6. The method for testing the dynamic performance and continuous step response of the frequency regulation system of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data-video joint analysis in S5 refers to generating a video spectrum by performing a short-time Fourier transform on the acquired data, visualizing the video coupling characteristics of frequency disturbance and power response during dynamic adjustment; extracting key indicators based on time-domain waveforms: response time Tr, calculating the adjustment rate V=ΔP / Tr to characterize the speed of dynamic response, and quantifying the long-term stability of the system through steady-state error Ess, forming a complete dynamic performance evaluation closed loop.

7. The method for testing the dynamic performance and continuous step response of the frequency regulation system of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantitative evaluation of test results in S6 is used to generate a dynamic performance test report, integrating response time Tr, adjustment rate V, and steady-state error Ess, and attaching step / ramp response curves to quantify dynamic characteristics. For continuous step tests, the system's adjustment robustness is evaluated through video spectrum analysis under combined disturbances, verifying the ability of the dynamic compensation algorithm to suppress dead zone effects, ensuring that the steady-state error Ess is less than or equal to ±0.02Hz and the adjustment rate V is greater than or equal to 0.5Hz / s, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of control accuracy and disturbance rejection performance.

8. The method for testing the dynamic performance and continuous step response of the frequency regulation system of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for offline reproduction of the fault scenario in S7 are as follows: Step 1: Export the test data and convert the format. Use the IEC New Energy 61850-90-5 standard template to generate a compliance file containing four sets of sequences: timestamp, Δf, P, and Q. Step 2: Verify data integrity using dedicated verification tools to confirm that the sampling rate, units, and sequence synchronization meet the standard specifications; Step 3: Load the standardized file on the test host, set the fault injection parameters, start playback and trigger the secondary analysis module to generate a time-domain waveform and spectrum characteristic report of the adjustment process.

9. The method for testing the dynamic performance and continuous step response of the frequency regulation system of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maintenance and verification of the test device in S8 refers to the following steps after each test: synchronizing the host clock reference with a rubidium atomic clock, using PPS signal compensation to compensate for transmission delay, ensuring that the data timescale alignment error is less than or equal to 1μs, meeting the high-precision timing requirements of G04F5 / 14; simultaneously using a frequency counter and power analyzer to periodically verify the signal generator, verifying its output frequency resolution is less than or equal to 0.001Hz and amplitude stability is less than or equal to ±0.005Hz through 72 hours of continuous monitoring; combining temperature cycling tests to eliminate environmental interference; and generating a calibration certificate and long-term drift trend report that meet the standards, ensuring the effectiveness of the traceability of the test system's measurement values.

10. The method for testing the dynamic performance and continuous step response of the frequency regulation system of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test report generation and archiving in S9 refers to summarizing dynamic performance indicators, video analysis results and fault reproduction conclusions to generate a standardized test report, and archiving the test data and report to the IEC New Energy 61850 standard database. This database uses a hierarchical information model to organize data, covering various functions of the substation through logical nodes, supporting long-term data storage and traceability, and facilitating subsequent performance analysis and comparison.

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