Battery charging remaining time estimation method and electric equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery charging remaining time estimation method and electric equipment, and the method comprises the steps: firstly obtaining a constant-current cut-off SOC value of a battery when a constant-current charging stage enters a constant-voltage charging stage, and then sequentially dividing a preset SOC value of the battery into a plurality of first charging intervals based on the constant-current cut-off SOC value, based on the current SOC value and the constant current cut-off SOC value, a target stage of the current moment of the battery and a plurality of second charging intervals from the current moment to full charging are determined, the plurality of second charging intervals belong to subsets of a set formed by the plurality of first charging intervals, and the target stage is a constant current charging stage or a constant voltage charging stage; the charging parameters of each second charging interval are determined, the charging parameters comprise the battery characteristic parameters, the charging current and the charging efficiency, and finally the charging remaining time of the battery is estimated according to the charging parameters, the constant-current cut-off SOC value and the actual battery capacity of the battery. The method improves the estimation accuracy.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of charging, in particular to a battery charging remaining time estimation method and a power consumption device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern electronic devices, electric vehicles and energy storage systems, accurate estimation of battery charging remaining time is related to device use and user experience. In related technologies, when calculating the battery charging remaining time, only a single parameter is often considered, such as using the current remaining capacity divided by the charging power of the energy storage system to obtain the charging remaining time.

[0003] This approach has obvious shortcomings, as it does not take into account the dynamic changes in charging efficiency and battery characteristics, such as changes in lithium battery charging efficiency at low temperatures, which can lead to errors in single-parameter estimation. In addition, the charging characteristics of the battery will change with the number of uses, environmental temperature, and battery aging degree; during the charging process, the internal resistance of the battery will gradually increase, and the chargeable capacity of the battery will gradually decrease. Moreover, the nonlinearity of the charging process is ignored, such as the large difference in characteristics of different charging stages of lithium-ion batteries, which cannot be reflected by linear estimation, resulting in low estimation accuracy and a discrepancy between the estimated full charge time and the actual full charge time. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present application aim to provide a battery charging remaining time estimation method and a power consumption device that can accurately estimate the battery charging remaining time.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present application provide the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a battery charging remaining time estimation method, comprising: obtaining a constant current cutoff SOC value of the battery when entering a constant voltage charging stage from a constant current charging stage; based on the constant current cutoff SOC value, sequentially dividing a preset SOC value of the battery into a plurality of first charging intervals; based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, determining a target stage of the battery at the current time and a plurality of second charging intervals from the current time to full charge, wherein the plurality of second charging intervals belong to a subset of a set formed by the plurality of first charging intervals, and the target stage is a constant current charging stage or a constant voltage charging stage; determining charging parameters of each of the second charging intervals, the charging parameters including battery characteristic parameters, charging current, and charging efficiency; estimating the charging remaining time of the battery according to the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value, and the actual battery capacity of the battery.

[0006] In some embodiments, the preset SOC value of the battery is sequentially divided into a plurality of first charging intervals, including: dividing zero to the constant current cutoff SOC value into a first first charging interval; dividing the constant current cutoff SOC value to the preset SOC value into equal intervals or unequal intervals to obtain a second first charging interval to an Nth first charging interval.

[0007] In some embodiments, the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value are used to determine a target stage of the battery at the current time and a plurality of second charging intervals from the current time to full charge, including: if the current SOC value is less than the constant current cutoff SOC value, the target stage is a constant current charging stage, and the first first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval are determined as the first second charging interval to the Nth second charging interval; if the current SOC value is greater than or equal to the constant current cutoff SOC value, the target stage is a constant voltage charging stage, and it is determined that the current SOC value is located in which first charging interval; if the current SOC value is located in the xth first charging interval, the xth first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval are respectively the first second charging interval to the Mth second charging interval, where M = N - x + 1.

[0008] In some embodiments, the charging parameters of each second charging interval are determined, including obtaining the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval, including: establishing a current mapping table, the current mapping table including the correspondence between each first charging interval and the maximum allowed current; determining the state of the battery at the current time according to the actual current of the battery at the current time, the state including a charging state, a standby state and a discharging state; determining the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval according to the state of the battery at the current time, the target stage at the current time, the current mapping table and the actual current of the battery at the current time.

[0009] In some embodiments, when the target stage is a constant current charging stage, the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval is determined according to the state at the current time, the target stage at the current time, the current mapping table and the actual current of the battery at the current time, including: when the state is the discharging state or the standby state, setting the first charging current corresponding to the first second charging interval as the maximum allowed current corresponding to the first first charging interval in the current mapping table, wherein 1≤i≤N; when the state is the charging state, setting the first charging current corresponding to the first second charging interval as the actual current of the battery at the current time, and determining the second charging current to the Nth charging current corresponding to the second second charging interval to the Nth second charging interval according to the actual current and the current mapping table.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the target stage is the constant-voltage charging stage, the determining of the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval according to the state at the current time, the target stage at the current time, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current time comprises: when the state is the discharging state or the standby state, setting the first charging current corresponding to the first second charging interval to the Mth second charging interval as the maximum allowed current corresponding to the xth first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval in the current mapping table, wherein 2≤x≤N, M=N-x+1; when the state is the charging state, determining the charging current of the first second charging interval to the Mth second charging interval according to the actual current and the current mapping table.

[0011] In some embodiments, when the state is the charging state, the determining of the charging current of any second charging interval according to the actual current and the current mapping table comprises: the charging current of any second charging interval is: the smaller value between the maximum allowed current of the first charging interval corresponding to the any second charging interval in the current mapping table and the actual current of the battery at the current time.

[0012] In some embodiments, the determining of the charging parameter of each second charging interval comprises obtaining the charging efficiency corresponding to each second charging interval: establishing a charging efficiency mapping table, the charging efficiency mapping table comprising a corresponding relationship between each charging current and charging efficiency; in the charging efficiency mapping table, searching for the charging efficiency corresponding to the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval.

[0013] In some embodiments, the battery characteristic parameter comprises a temperature correction coefficient, and the determining of the charging parameter of each second charging interval comprises obtaining the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval: establishing a temperature mapping table, the temperature mapping table comprising a corresponding relationship between temperature and temperature correction coefficient; Looking up the target temperature correction coefficient corresponding to the current temperature of the battery in the temperature mapping table, and determining the target temperature correction coefficient as the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals.

[0014] In some embodiments, the battery characteristic parameter includes a consistency parameter, and the charging parameter of each of the second charging intervals is determined by obtaining the consistency parameter corresponding to each of the second charging intervals. Measuring the voltage of each single battery in the battery; Calculating the average voltage of the voltage of each single battery; Determining the standard deviation based on the average voltage; Determining the consistency parameter based on the standard deviation and the average voltage: ; wherein, the consistency parameter is, the standard deviation is, the average voltage is.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the target stage is a constant current charging stage, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated by: The remaining charging time of the battery is estimated by: ; ; ; wherein, the remaining charging time of the battery is, the constant current charging time is, the constant voltage charging time is, the first charging current of the first second charging interval is, the i-th charging current of the i-th second charging interval is, and 2≤i≤N, the current SOC value of the battery at the current time is, the constant current cutoff SOC value is, the SOC difference value of the i-th second charging interval is, the charging efficiency of the first second charging interval is, the charging efficiency of the i-th second charging interval is, the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals is, the consistency parameter corresponding to each of the second charging intervals, wherein the battery characteristic parameter includes the temperature correction coefficient and the consistency parameter; estimating the charging remaining time of the battery, when the target stage is the constant-voltage charging stage, comprises: The charging remaining time of the battery is estimated by the following formula: ; ; wherein, the charging remaining time of the battery, the constant-current charging time, the constant-voltage charging time, the jth charging current of the jth second charging interval, 1≤j≤M, the current SOC value of the battery at the current time, the SOC difference value of the jth second charging interval, the charging efficiency of the jth second charging interval, the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval, the consistency parameter corresponding to each second charging interval.

[0016] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a power consumption device, comprising a battery and a battery management system, wherein the battery management system is electrically connected with the battery; The battery management system comprises: at least one processor; and a non-volatile memory in communication connection with the at least one processor, wherein the non-volatile memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to execute the battery charging remaining time estimation method.

[0017] In various embodiments of the present application, the battery charging remaining time estimation method comprises: first, obtaining the constant-current cutoff SOC value of the battery when the constant-current charging stage enters the constant-voltage charging stage; then, based on the constant-current cutoff SOC value, sequentially dividing a preset SOC value of the battery into a plurality of first charging intervals; based on the current SOC value and the constant-current cutoff SOC value, determining the target stage of the battery at the current time and a plurality of second charging intervals from the current time to full charging, wherein the plurality of second charging intervals belong to a subset of the set of the plurality of first charging intervals, and the target stage is the constant-current charging stage or the constant-voltage charging stage; then, determining the charging parameters of each second charging interval, wherein the charging parameters comprise battery characteristic parameters, charging currents and charging efficiencies; finally, according to the charging parameters, the constant-current cutoff SOC value and the actual battery capacity of the battery, estimating the charging remaining time of the battery.

[0018] The method for estimating the charging remaining time of the battery considers the target stage of the battery and the charging parameters of each second charging interval, estimates the charging remaining time of the battery based on the multiple charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value and the actual battery capacity of the battery, considers multiple influencing factors, avoids one-sidedness of single parameter estimation, makes the predicted full charging time closer to the actual full charging time, and improves the estimation accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the figures that are part of this document and which illustrate key aspects of the embodiments, the examples do not constitute an exhaustive list of embodiments, elements having the same reference numbers in different figures represent the same or similar elements, the figures in the drawings are not to scale unless otherwise specified, and the figures in the drawings do not constitute a limitation of the scope of the embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of one of the charging systems provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 is a flowchart of one of the methods for estimating the charging remaining time of the battery provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 3 is Figure 2 is a flowchart of step S40 in Figure 4 is Figure 2 is another flowchart of step S40 in Figure 5 is Figure 2 is another flowchart of step S40 in Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of one of the devices for estimating the charging remaining time of the battery provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 7 is a hardware structural schematic diagram of one of the battery management systems provided by the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 The embodiments of the present application provide a charging system 100, as shown in Figure 1As shown, the charging system 100 includes a charging device 10 and a powered device 20, wherein the charging device 10 is configured to be electrically connected to an external power source 200, and the charging device 10 and the powered device 20 can be connected by a connecting line or wirelessly connected. The charging device 10 is configured to obtain power from the external power source 200 and charge the powered device 20. The charging device 10 and the powered device 20 can be charged by a connecting line or by a wireless charging method or a universal charging method, etc.

[0023] In some embodiments, the charging device 10 can be a power adapter, such as a mobile phone charger, a car charger, a computer charging port, and various chargeable electronic devices. The charging device 10 is connected to the external power source 200, converts and processes the voltage of the external power source 200, and then supplies power to the powered device 20.

[0024] In some embodiments, the external power source 200 refers to the power obtained after the charging device 10 is plugged into a socket, which is a mains power or a power obtained after conversion from the mains power.

[0025] In some embodiments, the powered device 20 refers to electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers, earphones, tablets, drones, camera devices, or wearable devices (such as watches, bracelets), etc.

[0026] The powered device 20 of the embodiments of the present application includes a plurality of battery modules 21 and a battery management system 22. The battery module 21 includes a plurality of single batteries connected in parallel, in series, or in a mixed connection, for storing and providing power. The mixed connection includes series connection and parallel connection. The battery module 21 and the battery management system 22 (Battery Management System, BMS for short) together constitute a battery pack. The BMS manages the charging and / or discharging of the battery module 21, and is also used to monitor, manage, and protect the performance and safety of the battery module 21, etc.

[0027] When charging a power-consuming device, it is necessary to estimate the remaining charging time of the battery, that is, the estimated full charging time. Estimating the remaining charging time of the battery has multiple important necessities, mainly reflected in the following aspects: it can optimize energy management, reasonably arrange power consumption plan, and accurately master the estimated full charging time, which helps operation and maintenance personnel to plan maintenance work in advance, thereby ensuring system reliability. At the same time, the estimated full charging time is one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of the system and the charging equipment. By long-term monitoring and analysis of the changes of the estimated full charging time, the aging degree of the equipment and the working state of the charging equipment can be understood. If it is found that the estimated full charging time gradually becomes longer, it may indicate that the capacity of the battery is decaying or the efficiency of the charging equipment is decreasing, so that measures such as replacing the battery or repairing the charging equipment can be taken in time to maintain the good performance of the system. In addition, in some areas where time-of-use electricity price is implemented, users can choose to charge in the period with lower electricity price according to the price difference in different periods, combined with the estimated full charging time of the system, so as to reduce the electricity cost.

[0028] In the related art, the remaining capacity (to-be-charged capacity) of the energy storage system is divided by the charging power to obtain the estimated full charging time. However, the traditional method of calculating the full charging time has the following defects: 1. Charging efficiency is not considered: In the actual system charging process, there is energy loss, and the charging efficiency is not 100%. For example, due to the irreversibility of the chemical reaction inside the battery, circuit resistance and other factors, the input electrical energy cannot be fully converted into chemical energy storage of the battery. If the charging efficiency is not considered, the actual charging time will be underestimated according to the simple capacity divided by power calculation, resulting in inaccurate estimation of the charging completion time.

[0029] 2. Changes in battery characteristics are ignored: The charging characteristics of the battery will change with the number of uses, environmental temperature, aging degree of the battery, etc. During the charging process, the internal resistance of the battery will gradually increase, and the chargeable capacity of the battery will gradually decrease. The simple calculation method does not consider these changes, which will make the calculation result deviate greatly from the actual situation. For example, in a low-temperature environment, the chemical reaction rate of the battery slows down, and the charging acceptance ability decreases, so the actual charging time will be much longer than the theoretical calculation time.

[0030] 3. Nonlinearity of the charging process is not considered: The charging process is not a constant power and linear process. Usually, the initial charging period may be constant current charging, and the power is relatively stable, but in the later charging period, it will enter the constant voltage charging stage, and the charging current gradually decreases, and the power also changes. The simple capacity divided by power calculation method cannot reflect the nonlinear changes of the charging process, resulting in a calculated full charging time that does not match the actual situation.

[0031] Based on the above problems, the embodiment of the application provides a battery charging remaining time estimation method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining a constant current cutoff SOC value of a battery when entering a constant voltage charging stage from a constant current charging stage; secondly, sequentially dividing a preset SOC value of the battery into a plurality of first charging intervals based on the constant current cutoff SOC value; thirdly, determining a target stage of the battery at a current time and a plurality of second charging intervals from the current time to fullness based on a current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, wherein the plurality of second charging intervals belong to a subset of a set formed by the plurality of first charging intervals, and the target stage is the constant current charging stage or the constant voltage charging stage; fourthly, determining charging parameters of each second charging interval, wherein the charging parameters comprise battery characteristic parameters, a charging current and a charging efficiency; and finally, estimating the charging remaining time of the battery according to the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value and an actual battery capacity of the battery.

[0032] The battery charging remaining time estimation method considers the target stage of the battery and the charging parameters of each second charging interval, estimates the charging remaining time of the battery based on the plurality of charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value and the actual battery capacity of the battery, considers various influencing factors, avoids one-sidedness of single parameter estimation, makes the predicted fullness time closer to the actual fullness time, and improves estimation accuracy.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a flowchart of a battery charging remaining time estimation method provided by the embodiment of the application, and the method S100 comprises but is not limited to the following steps: S10: obtaining a constant current cutoff SOC value of the battery when entering a constant voltage charging stage from a constant current charging stage; S20: sequentially dividing a preset SOC value of the battery into a plurality of first charging intervals based on the constant current cutoff SOC value; The capacity refers to the total amount of electric energy that can be released by the battery in a fully charged state. The capacity is used to measure the energy storage capacity of the battery and is an important parameter when purchasing a battery or equipment (such as the capacity of a power bank or the capacity of an electric vehicle battery).

[0034] The battery state of charge (SOC) is also called the remaining capacity, which represents the percentage of the remaining available electric quantity of the battery to the total capacity and is used to measure the current remaining available electric quantity of the battery.

[0035] The preset SOC value refers to the SOC value that the battery needs to reach in the charging process, which is a target SOC value. The preset SOC value can be a value set by a user or a default value of 100%. When the preset SOC value is reached, it indicates that the battery is fully charged. In the embodiment of the application, the preset SOC value is 100%.

[0036] Battery charging is generally divided into two stages, constant current stage and constant voltage stage. In the initial stage of charging, the battery voltage is relatively low, in order to quickly supplement the battery power, usually constant current charging is adopted. At this stage, the battery can absorb power at a relatively stable speed, the charging current basically remains unchanged, and the battery voltage gradually rises with the charging. When the battery voltage rises close to the full voltage, it enters the constant voltage charging stage. At this time, in order to prevent the battery from overcharging, the charging power supply will keep the output voltage constant, and as the battery power increases, the charging current gradually decreases until the battery is basically full, and the current decreases to a very small value.

[0037] The constant current cutoff SOC value is the SOC of the battery when the constant current charging is cut off, which is generally represented by SOC CC . SOC cc is obtained through a large number of experimental tests, and the specific experimental test steps are as follows: Step 1: Initial state check: completely discharged to the cutoff voltage (such as lithium ion battery discharged to 2.5V), and after standing, confirm SOC=0%; Step 2: Constant current charging process: 1) Set the output current of the constant current source to the predetermined charging current value, which is generally determined according to the capacity of the battery and the recommended charging rate of the battery manufacturer. For example, for a battery with a capacity of 1Ah, the charging current can be set to 1A.

[0038] 2) Turn on the constant current source and charge the battery, and at the same time, monitor and record the voltage of the battery at certain time intervals through the voltage monitoring device. During the charging process, pay close attention to the voltage change of the battery and the appearance state of the battery to ensure that the battery charges normally without abnormal phenomena such as overheating and bulging.

[0039] Step 3: Determine SOC cc .

[0040] As the charging proceeds, the battery voltage will gradually rise. When the battery voltage rises close to but has not yet reached the battery charging cutoff voltage, the voltage change needs to be observed more carefully. Generally speaking, in the later stage of constant current charging, the voltage rises at a gradually slowing rate. When the voltage rise rate becomes very slow, and the voltage change is less than a certain threshold (such as 50mV) within a certain time (such as 5 minutes continuously), it can be considered that the battery is about to reach the constant current cutoff state, and the SOC at this time is determined as SOC cc . In order to improve the accuracy, the value of SOC cc is determined comprehensively based on the data and analysis results of multiple experiments.

[0041] In the step S20, based on the constant current cut-off SOC value, the preset SOC value of the battery is sequentially divided into a plurality of first charging intervals, specifically: the zero to the constant current cut-off SOC value is divided into a first first charging interval, and the constant current cut-off SOC value to the preset SOC value is divided into a second first charging interval to an Nth first charging interval, and the number of the first charging intervals is N.

[0042] For example, the first charging interval is: [0, SOC cc ], [SOC cc , SOC cv1 ], [SOC cv1 , SOC cv2 ]...[SOC cv(N-2) , 100%], wherein 100% is the preset SOC value, when the current SOC value is in the first first charging interval [0, SOC cc ], the battery is in the constant current charging stage, and when the current SOC value is in any one of the second first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval, the battery is in the constant voltage charging stage.

[0043] S30: based on the current SOC value and the constant current cut-off SOC value, determining the target stage of the battery at the current time and a plurality of second charging intervals from the current time to full, wherein the plurality of second charging intervals belong to a subset of the set of the plurality of first charging intervals, and the target stage is the constant current charging stage or the constant voltage charging stage; The current SOC value refers to the starting SOC value when calculating the remaining charging time of the battery, which is the SOC value at the current time or the real-time SOC value, that is, the remaining capacity of the battery at the current time. The stored SOC value is read from the storage without losing the memory at power failure, and the SOC initial value is determined in combination with the open circuit voltage method, and then the current SOC value SOC actual is obtained in combination with the ampere-hour integration method.

[0044] The current SOC value SOC actual is compared with the constant current cut-off SOC value SOC cc , the target stage of the battery at the current time is determined according to the comparison result, and a plurality of second charging intervals are obtained according to the comparison result and the first charging interval.

[0045] Specifically, if the current SOC value SOC actual is less than the constant current cut-off SOC value SOC cc , the target stage is the constant current charging stage, and the first first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval is determined as the first second charging interval to the Nth second charging interval.

[0046] If the current SOC value SOCactual greater than or equal to the constant current cut-off SOC value SOC cc , the target stage is a constant voltage charging stage, and it is determined that the current SOC value SOC actual is located in the xth first charging interval, if the current SOC value SOC actual is located in the xth first charging interval, the xth first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval are respectively the first second charging interval to the Mth second charging interval, wherein M = N - x + 1.

[0047] For example, the first charging intervals are respectively: [0, SOC cc ], [SOC cc , SOC cv1 ], [SOC cv1 , SOC cv2 ]...[SOC cv(N-2) , 100%], if the current SOC value is SOC actual , if SOC actual < SOC cc , the target stage is a constant current charging stage, and the second charging intervals are respectively: [0, SOC cc ], [SOC cc , SOC cv1 ], [SOC cv1 , SOC cv2 ]...[SOC cv(N-2) , 100%], and the number of the second charging intervals is N. If SOC actual ≥ SOC cc , the target stage is a constant voltage charging stage, and SOC actual is located in the xth first charging interval, if x = 2, the second charging intervals are respectively: [SOC cc , SOC cv1 ], [SOC cv1 , SOC cv2 ]...[SOC cv(N-2) , 100%], and the number of the second charging intervals is M and M = N - x + 1 = N - 1. If x > 2, the second charging intervals are respectively: [SOC cv(x-2) , SOC cv(x-1) ]...[SOC cv(N-2) , 100%], and the number of the second charging intervals is M; for example, if x = 3, the second charging intervals are respectively: [SOC cv1 , SOC cv2 ]...[SOC cv(N-2) , 100%].

[0048] S40: determining the charging parameters of each of the second charging intervals, the charging parameters including the battery characteristic parameters, the charging current and the charging efficiency; The charging parameters are used to estimate the charging remaining time of the battery, and the charging parameters are the battery characteristic parameters, the charging current and the charging efficiency, that is, the charging remaining time of the battery is calculated based on multiple parameters. The charging parameters can be obtained by experiments in advance and stored in a nonvolatile memory, and when the charging remaining time needs to be calculated, the charging parameters are obtained from the memory.

[0049] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, step S40 includes obtaining the charging current corresponding to each of the second charging intervals, and specifically includes: Figure 3 S41: establishing a current mapping table, the current mapping table including the correspondence between each of the first charging intervals and the maximum allowable current; S42: determining the state of the battery at the current time according to the actual current of the battery at the current time, the state including the charging state, the standby state and the discharging state; The current mapping table is obtained through a large number of experimental test data, and the specific experimental test steps are as follows: Step 1: battery pretreatment: the battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle pretreatment to activate the chemical reaction inside the battery, so that the battery reaches a stable working state. Usually, 3-5 complete charge-discharge cycles are performed, and the charging cutoff voltage and the discharging cutoff voltage are set according to the specification of the battery.

[0050] Step 2: charging experiment under different SOC: the battery is charged and discharged to different SOC states, for example, the battery is discharged to SOC values of 10%, 20%, 30%,..., 90% and 100% respectively. In each SOC state, charging experiments are performed at different current values, starting from a small current and gradually increasing the charging current, while monitoring the voltage, temperature and other parameters of the battery. When the voltage of the battery abnormally rises, the temperature exceeds the safety threshold or the polarization phenomenon occurs inside the battery, the current value at this time is recorded, which is the approximate value of the maximum allowable current under the SOC.

[0051] Step 3: data arrangement: the data collected in the experiment is arranged and analyzed, and abnormal data and data points with large errors are removed. The maximum allowable current data corresponding to different SOCs are summarized to form an original data set.

[0052] Step 4: establishing a mapping table: according to the original data set, the SOCs corresponding to the same maximum allowable current value are divided into an interval, the maximum allowable current corresponding to each SOC interval is obtained, and a "SOC-maximum allowable current" relationship mapping table is established to obtain the current mapping table, as shown in Table 1. Table 1: Current mapping table​

[0053] I ccmax represents the maximum allowed current corresponding to the constant current charging phase, in the constant current charging phase, the actual running charging current should be as close as possible to the calculated maximum allowed current I ccmax corresponding to the constant current phase in the ideal case. ccmax In actual operation, the charging device will try to charge according to the maximum allowed current I ccmax to achieve the best charging effect. But due to human operation setting or charging device itself running state and charging capacity, the actual charging current of the system may not be consistent with the maximum allowed current I actual .

[0054] Therefore, the system needs to detect the actual current I cv(N-1)max of the battery at the current time, and determine whether the charging current I of each second charging interval corresponds to the maximum allowed current or the actual current according to the state at the current time.

[0055] I cv(N-1)max represents the maximum allowed current corresponding to each constant voltage charging phase. In the constant voltage charging process, as the battery approaches full, the rate of change of the battery voltage will gradually slow down, and if the current continues to charge at a large current at this time, the battery voltage will continue to rise, exceeding the safe voltage range of the battery, resulting in overcharging, thereby causing the battery performance to decline and reducing the battery life. Therefore, in the constant voltage charging phase, the maximum allowed current will continue to decrease as the battery capacity increases, and eventually tend to a very small trickle value.

[0056] Similarly, in the constant voltage charging phase, the actual charging current of the battery at the current time needs to be detected, and the charging current I of each second charging interval is selected according to the state at the current time. The maximum allowed current or the actual current corresponding to the interval is selected.

[0057] Therefore, before determining the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval, the state at the current time needs to be determined, including the charging state, standby state and discharging state. Among them, the charging state means that the battery is powered by the power grid or other power supply devices, and the discharging state means that the battery powers the load, and the directions of the charging current and the discharging current are opposite.

[0058] The judgment basis of the state at the current moment is that when the battery is in the charging process, the current flows from the external power supply to the battery. In the circuit, the direction of the current is defined as the direction of the positive charge orientation movement, so at this time the electrons flow from the negative electrode of the battery and flow out from the positive electrode, while the current direction is from the positive electrode and flows out from the negative electrode. When the battery is discharging, the current flows from the inside of the battery to the external circuit, that is, it flows out from the positive electrode of the battery, passes through the load (such as mobile phones, flashlights and other electrical equipment), and then returns to the negative electrode of the battery.

[0059] The Hall sensor can be used to detect the actual current I at the current moment actual , the first current threshold I threshold1 , the second current threshold I threshold2 , if I threshold1 ≥I actual , it is determined that the state at the current moment is the charging state, if I actual ≤(-I threshold2 ), it is determined that the state at the current moment is the discharging state, if (-I threshold2 ) > I actual > I threshold1 , it is determined that the state at the current moment is the standby state.

[0060] Among them, the first current threshold I threshold1 , the second current threshold I threshold2 can be obtained according to experience or defined according to the specific system design requirements, in the embodiment of the application, the first current threshold I threshold1 may be 0.5A, the second current threshold I threshold2 may be -0.6A, and if the actual current I actual at the current moment is -0.3A, it is determined that the state of the battery at the current moment is the standby state.

[0061] S43: According to the state of the battery at the current moment, the target stage at the current moment, the current mapping table and the actual current of the battery at the current moment, determine the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval.

[0062] The target stage of the battery at the current moment and the state of the battery at the current moment will affect the selection decision of the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval. Different target stages and different states have different selection principles.

[0063] In some embodiments, the target stage of the battery at the current moment is the constant current charging stage. During the constant current charging stage, when the state of the battery at the current moment is the discharging state or the standby state, the i-th charging current corresponding to the i-th second charging interval is set as the maximum allowable current corresponding to the i-th first charging interval in the current mapping table, where 1 ≤ i ≤ N; specifically, the first charging current I1 corresponding to the first second charging interval is the maximum allowable current I corresponding to the first first charging interval in the current mapping table ccmax , the second charging current I2 corresponding to the second second charging interval is the maximum allowable current I corresponding to the second first charging interval in the current mapping table cv(1)max , and so on, the N-th charging current I N corresponding to the N-th second charging interval is the maximum allowable current I corresponding to the N-th first charging interval in the current mapping table cv(N-1)max .

[0064] In some embodiments, the target stage of the battery at the current moment is the constant current charging stage. During the constant current charging stage, when the state of the battery at the current moment is the charging state, the first charging current corresponding to the first second charging interval is set as the actual current of the battery at the current moment; and the second to N-th charging currents corresponding to the second to N-th second charging intervals are determined based on the actual current and the current mapping table

[0065] Among them, determining the second to N-th charging currents corresponding to the second to N-th second charging intervals based on the actual current and the current mapping table is specifically: when the state is the charging state, for the second to N-th second charging intervals, the charging current of any second charging interval is: the smaller value between the maximum allowable current of the first charging interval corresponding to the any second charging interval in the current mapping table and the actual current of the battery at the current moment

[0066] That is, for the j-th second charging interval among the second to N-th second charging intervals, obtain the maximum allowable current corresponding to the j-th second charging interval, which is the j-th maximum allowable current I corresponding to the j-th first charging interval in the current mapping table cv(j-1)max , where 1 < j ≤ N. Specifically, compare the actual charging current I actual with the maximum allowable current I cv(j-1)max , and take the minimum value as the predicted charging current in the constant voltage stage. If I actual <= I cv(j-1)max , then the charging current I j of the j-th second charging interval = I actual , if I actual > I cv(j-1)max , then the charging current I j=I cv(j-1)max .

[0067] For example, if the current SOC value is SOC actual =50%, constant current cutoff SOC value cc If the current rate is 90%, it indicates that the current stage is a constant current charging stage. According to the current mapping table, the maximum allowable current I corresponding to the first charging interval is... ccmax The current current is 10A. When the current state is charging, the actual charging capacity of the power supply is considered. For example, when using PV charging, due to weak light, the actual charging current I... actual If only 2A is available, then the first charging current I1 corresponding to the first second charging interval will be determined as the actual current I at the current moment. actual =2A.

[0068] In some embodiments, when the target stage is a constant voltage charging stage, the number of second charging intervals is M, and when the current SOC value is in the x-th first charging interval, the x-th to N-th first charging intervals are respectively the first to the M-th second charging intervals, where 2≤x≤N and M=N-x+1. Furthermore, the charging current for each second charging interval is still determined based on the current state, between the maximum allowable current and the actual current.

[0069] Specifically, when the battery is in the constant voltage charging stage, and the battery is currently in a discharging or standby state, the charging currents of the first to the Mth second charging intervals are set to the maximum allowable currents corresponding to the xth to Nth first charging intervals in the current mapping table, where 2 ≤ x ≤ N, and M = N - x + 1. For example, the maximum allowable currents corresponding to the xth to Nth first charging intervals are I... cv(x-1)max to I cv(N-1)max Then the charging current I1 = I in the first second charging interval cv(x-1)max The charging current I2 = I in the second charging interval cv(x)max And so on, the charging current I of the Mth second charging interval M =I cv(N-1)max .

[0070] Specifically, when the battery is in the constant voltage charging phase, and the battery is currently in a charging state, the charging current for the first to the Mth second charging intervals is determined based on the actual current and the current mapping table. For any of the first to the Mth second charging intervals, the charging current for any second charging interval is the smaller value between the maximum allowable current in the current mapping table for the corresponding first charging interval and the actual current of the battery at the current moment.

[0071] That is, the maximum allowed current corresponding to the first second charging interval is obtained, which is the xth maximum allowed current I cv(x-1)max , where 2≤x≤N. The actual charging current I actual is compared with the maximum allowed current I cv(x-1)max , and the minimum value is the predicted constant voltage stage charging current. If I actual <=I cv(x-1)max , then the charging current I actual of the first second charging interval is I actual , and if I cv(x-1)max >I cv(x-1)max .

[0072] By analogy, the maximum allowed current corresponding to the Mth second charging interval is obtained, which is the Nth maximum allowed current I cv(N-1)max corresponding to the Nth first charging interval in the current mapping table. actual , where M=N-x+1. The actual charging current I cv(N-1)max is compared with the maximum allowed current I actual , and the minimum value is the predicted constant voltage stage charging current. If I cv(N-1)max <=I M , then the charging current I actual of the Mth second charging interval is I actual , and if I cv(N-1)max >I M . cv(N-1)max

[0073] In order to better describe the process of determining the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval, an example is given.

[0074] If the constant current cutoff SOC value SOC cc of the battery is 90%, if the first charging interval of the battery is divided in turn: the first first charging interval [0, 90%], the second first charging interval [90%, 95%], the third first charging interval [95%, 99%], and the fourth first charging interval [99%, 100%]. And the current SOC value SOC actual of the battery is 92%, then the target stage of the current battery is the constant voltage charging stage, and the multiple second charging intervals that the battery needs to go through to be fully charged are: the first second charging interval [90%, 95%], the second second charging interval [95%, 99%], and the third second charging interval [99%, 100%].

[0075] ​According to the current mapping table, the maximum allowable current for the first second charging interval [90%, 95%] is 5A, the maximum allowable current for the second second charging interval [95%, 99%] is 2A, and the maximum allowable current for the third second charging interval [99%, 100%] is 1A. If the battery is currently in standby or discharging state, since the actual charging capacity of the charging source is unknown, the charging current for the three second charging intervals is determined as follows: I1 = 5A for the first second charging interval, I2 = 2A for the second second charging interval, and I3 = 1A for the third second charging interval. If the battery is currently in charging state, the actual charging capacity of the charging source is considered. For example, if using PV charging, due to weak light, the actual charging current I... actual If only 2A is applied, then in the first and second charging intervals, I... actual cv(1)max =5A, the predicted charging current for the first and second charging intervals is I1=I actual =2A, in the second charging range [95%, 99%], I actual =I cv(2)max =2A, the predicted charging current for the second charging interval is I2=I actual =2A, in the third second charging interval [99%, 100%], I actual >I cv(3)max =1A, the predicted charging current for the third second charging zone is I3=I cv(3)max =1A.

[0076] Therefore, the maximum allowable current corresponding to each second charging zone can be obtained from the current mapping table. Then, based on the current state, it can be determined which current, the maximum allowable current or the actual current, is the charging current for each second charging zone.

[0077] In some embodiments, the charging parameters include charging efficiency, and determining the charging parameters for each second charging interval includes obtaining the charging efficiency corresponding to each second charging interval, specifically, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, step S40 further includes: S44: Establish a charging efficiency mapping table, which includes the correspondence between each charging current and the charging efficiency; Based on extensive experimental test data, a mapping table of "charging current - charging efficiency" was established. This mapping table was compiled from experimental data, and the experimental steps are as follows: Step 1: Initialize the battery: Discharge the battery pack to a specific initial state of charge, such as 20%, to ensure that the starting conditions are consistent for each experiment; ​Step 2: Set the charging current: Set the charger to the lowest charging current level in the "SOC - Maximum allowed charging current" range, connect the charger to the battery pack, and start charging, such as first setting the charging current of the charger to I cv(N-1)max ; Step 3: Record data: Use a power meter or energy meter to record input power, output power and other parameters in real time during charging, and record charging time at the same time. Every certain time interval, such as 5 minutes, record the battery capacity, charging current, charging voltage and other data.

[0078] Step 4: Calculate charging efficiency: According to the recorded data, use the formula "charging efficiency = output power / input power x 100%" to calculate the charging efficiency at each time point. The output power can be calculated according to the increase of battery capacity, and the input power can be calculated according to the input power recorded by the power meter and the charging time.

[0079] Step 5: Change the charging current: After completing a round of charging, discharge the battery pack to the initial capacity state again, then set the charger to the next higher charging current level, such as 1A, and repeat steps 3 and 4.

[0080] Step 6: Repeat the experiment: According to the above method, gradually increase the charging current level to perform charging experiments and record data, calculate charging efficiency, until reaching the maximum charging current level in the "SOC - Maximum allowed charging current", such as I ccmax . To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results, the experiment at each charging current level is repeated multiple times, and the average value is taken as the charging efficiency data at that current.

[0081] Step 7: Establish a mapping table: Organize the data recorded in each experiment to establish a "charging current - charging efficiency" relationship mapping table.

[0082] That is, first set the charging current of the charger to I cv(N-1)max , charge according to I cv(N-1)max , record charging efficiency and other data, then change the charging current to I cv(N-2)max , charge, record charging efficiency and other data, and so on, until charging with I ccmax , record charging efficiency, get the data of each charging current and charging efficiency, and establish a mapping table of charging current and charging efficiency.

[0083] S45: In the charging efficiency mapping table, find the charging efficiency corresponding to the charging current corresponding to each of the second charging intervals.

[0084] According to the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval, the charging efficiency corresponding to each charging current is found in the charging efficiency mapping table. In the constant current charging phase, the corresponding charging efficiency is queried according to I1, and in the constant voltage charging phase, the charging efficiency corresponding to each constant voltage interval is queried according to the charging current I i The corresponding charging efficiency η(i) is queried.

[0085] In some embodiments, the battery characteristic parameter includes a temperature correction coefficient, and the charging parameters of each second charging interval are determined by acquiring the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval, as shown in the following formula: Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 4, step S40 further includes: S46: Establishing a temperature mapping table, the temperature mapping table including the corresponding relationship between temperature and temperature correction coefficient; The temperature mapping table of “temperature-temperature correction coefficient” is obtained through a large number of experimental tests, and the specific experimental test steps are as follows: Step 1: Determine the temperature points: In the set temperature range, select several representative temperature points, for example, a temperature point can be selected every 5°C or 10°C for testing, to ensure that various temperature conditions that the battery may encounter are covered.

[0086] Step 2: Adjust the ambient temperature: Place the battery in a constant temperature oven, adjust the temperature of the constant temperature oven to the set test temperature point, and wait for enough time to make the internal temperature of the battery and the ambient temperature reach equilibrium.

[0087] Step 3: Charging test: At each temperature point, charge the battery, and use a data acquisition system to record various parameters in the charging process in real time, such as voltage, current, time, etc. When the battery reaches the charging cutoff condition (such as reaching the target SOC, or the upper limit voltage of charging is triggered, or the temperature exceeds the safety threshold), stop charging, and record the charging capacity and charging time at this time and other data.

[0088] Step 4: Repeat the test: Perform multiple tests at each temperature point to eliminate the influence of accidental factors and obtain stable and reliable data.

[0089] Step 5: Calculate the charging efficiency: According to the test data, calculate the charging efficiency of the battery at each temperature point. The charging efficiency is calculated by the ratio of the charging capacity to the rated capacity.

[0090] Step 6: Determine the temperature correction coefficient: Take the optimal working temperature provided by the battery manufacturer as the standard temperature, and take the charging efficiency at this temperature as the benchmark to calculate the ratio of charging efficiency at other temperatures to the standard temperature charging efficiency, which is the temperature correction coefficient at that temperature. For example, taking the charging efficiency at 25°C as the benchmark, if the charging efficiency at 40°C is 1.1 times that at 25°C, then the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to 40°C is 1.1; if the charging efficiency at 0°C is 0.8 times that at 25°C, then the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to 0°C is 0.8.

[0091] Step 7: Organize the data: Organize the test results of each temperature point and its corresponding temperature correction coefficient to form an ordered data pair.

[0092] Step 8: Draw a table: Take temperature as the horizontal coordinate and temperature correction coefficient as the vertical coordinate to establish a table. Fill in the data organized in the table to form a "temperature-temperature correction coefficient" temperature mapping table.

[0093] S47: In the temperature mapping table, find the target temperature correction coefficient corresponding to the current temperature of the battery, and determine the target temperature correction coefficient as the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval.

[0094] Temperature will affect the charging efficiency of the battery. According to the temperature mapping table, determine the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval. For example: the current temperature of the battery is T1, then find the target temperature correction coefficient KT1 corresponding to T1 in the temperature mapping table, and determine the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval as the target temperature correction coefficient KT1.

[0095] In some embodiments, the battery characteristic parameter includes a consistency parameter, and determining the charging parameter of each second charging interval includes obtaining the consistency parameter corresponding to each second charging interval. Specifically, after the battery is initialized, first measure the voltage V1, V2... V n Then calculate the average voltage of the voltage of each single battery by the following formula: (1) Wherein, is the average voltage, n is the number of single batteries, is the voltage of the single battery.

[0096] Wherein, during the use of the battery, the current single battery voltage will be collected in a periodic real-time manner. For example, the system will continuously acquire real-time voltage data of the single battery with a sampling period of 1 second during operation, and the collected data will be stored.

[0097] Then calculate the standard deviation by the following formula: (2) in, The standard deviation is denoted as .

[0098] Finally, the consistency parameter is calculated using the following formula: (3) in, For consistency parameters, Standard deviation This represents the average voltage.

[0099] A smaller voltage standard deviation indicates better battery consistency. Poor battery consistency leads to variations in the charging speed of individual cells. Poor consistency can cause some cells to reach their cutoff current prematurely, while others are not fully charged, thus affecting the overall charging time of the battery pack. Therefore, when estimating the remaining charging time, it is necessary to consider the consistency parameters corresponding to each second charging interval to improve the accuracy of the estimation.

[0100] S50: Estimate the remaining charging time of the battery based on the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value, and the actual battery capacity.

[0101] This indicates the actual battery capacity. During use, a battery undergoes multiple charge-discharge cycles. As the number of cycles increases, the actual battery capacity gradually decreases. For example, in the early stages of use, when the State of Charge (SOC) reaches 100%, the actual battery capacity is 5000mAh. As usage time increases, the actual battery capacity slowly decreases, and when the SOC reaches 100%, the actual battery capacity is only 4000mAh. Therefore, to accurately calculate the estimated full charge time, it is necessary to confirm the actual battery capacity (i.e., as the battery is used, even when fully charged, it will not reach its rated capacity).

[0102] During battery charging and discharging, the software records the current from the start of charging or discharging to calculate the amount of electricity charged or discharged, thereby estimating the battery's current actual capacity. To ensure The accuracy of the calculated battery capacity C will be ensured each time. actual(1) C actual(2) ...C actual(n) Store the records locally, then take the arithmetic mean of the n historical data points. The actual battery capacity is calculated using the following formula: (4) in, Let n be the actual battery capacity, and n be the number of historical data points, where the n historical data points are the nearest n data points.

[0103] For example, during the charging process, the SOC of the battery is recorded from 0% to 100%, and the cumulative charging capacity is obtained by continuously accumulating the product of the current I at each sampling time and the sampling time interval Δt Then Q in is stored locally as historical data of the actual capacity of the battery.

[0104] After obtaining the battery parameters and the actual capacity of the battery, different estimation formulas are selected based on the target stage at the current time. If the target stage is the constant current charging stage, the constant current charging time and the constant voltage charging time need to be calculated. The sum of the constant current charging time and the constant voltage charging time is the remaining charging time of the battery. If the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, only the constant voltage charging time needs to be calculated. The constant voltage charging time is the remaining charging time of the battery.

[0105] Specifically, when the target stage is the constant current charging stage, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated by the following formula: (5) (6) (7) wherein, T is the remaining charging time of the battery, Tcc is the constant current charging time, Tcv is the constant voltage charging time, I1 is the first charging current of the first second charging interval, Ii is the i-th charging current of the i-th second charging interval, and 2≤i≤N, SOCcurrent is the current SOC value of the battery at the current time, SOCend is the constant current cutoff SOC value, ΔSOCi is the SOC difference value of the i-th second charging interval, η1 is the charging efficiency of the first second charging interval, ηi is the charging efficiency of the i-th second charging interval, ai is the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval, bi is the consistency parameter corresponding to each second charging interval.

[0106] When the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated by the following formula: (8) (9) wherein, T is the remaining charging time of the battery, Tcc is the constant current charging time, is the constant voltage charging time, is the jth charging current of the jth second charging interval, 1≤j≤M, is the current SOC value of the battery at the current moment, is the SOC difference value of the jth second charging interval, is the charging efficiency of the jth second charging interval, is the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval, is the consistency parameter corresponding to each second charging interval.

[0107] In summary, the battery charging remaining time estimation method comprehensively considers the target stage currently occupied by the battery and the charging parameters of each second charging interval, estimates the battery charging remaining time based on multiple charging parameters, constant current cutoff SOC value and actual battery capacity of the battery, comprehensively considers multiple influencing factors, avoids one-sidedness of single parameter estimation, makes the predicted full charging time closer to the actual full charging time, and improves estimation accuracy.

[0108] In some embodiments, the battery charging remaining time estimation method can accurately estimate the predicted full charging time of the battery, so that the system can dynamically adjust the charging power and current according to user demand and power grid conditions, realize intelligent peak-shaving charging, and thus realize intelligent charging management. It can also make the charging system stop charging in time when the battery is full, prevent overcharging from damaging the battery. Similarly, it can also avoid overuse when the battery power is too low, prolong the cycle life of the battery. At the same time, it can provide users with reliable predicted full charging time, reasonably arrange use plan, and improve use convenience.

[0109] It should be noted that in the above various embodiments, the above steps do not necessarily have a certain sequence. Those skilled in the art can understand from the description of the embodiments of the present application that the above steps can have different execution sequences in different embodiments, that is, they can be executed in parallel, or they can be exchanged and executed, etc.

[0110] As another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application provide a battery charging remaining time estimation device applied to the battery management system in the above-mentioned power utilization equipment. The battery charging remaining time estimation device can be a software module, the software module includes a plurality of instructions stored in a memory, and a processor can access the memory to call the instructions for execution to complete the battery charging remaining time estimation method described in the above various embodiments.

[0111] In some embodiments, the battery charge remaining time estimation device can also be built by hardware devices, for example, the battery charge remaining time estimation device can be built by one or more chips, and each chip can work in coordination with each other to complete the battery charge remaining time estimation method described in each of the above embodiments. For another example, the battery charge remaining time estimation device can also be built by various logic devices, such as general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), single-chip microcomputers, ARM (Acorn RISC Machine) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of these components.

[0112] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery charge remaining time estimation device provided by the embodiments of the present application, as Figure 6 shown, the battery charge remaining time estimation device 600 includes a first acquisition module 601, a first division module 602, a first determination module 603, a second determination module 604, and an estimation module 605.

[0113] The first acquisition module 601 is configured to acquire a constant current cutoff SOC value of the battery when entering a constant voltage charging stage from a constant current charging stage. The first division module 602 is configured to sequentially divide a preset SOC value of the battery into a plurality of first charging intervals based on the constant current cutoff SOC value. The first determination module 603 is configured to determine a target stage of the battery at the current time and a plurality of second charging intervals from the current time to full based on a current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, wherein the plurality of second charging intervals belong to a subset of a set of the plurality of first charging intervals, and the target stage is the constant current charging stage or the constant voltage charging stage. The second determination module 604 is configured to determine charging parameters of each of the second charging intervals, wherein the charging parameters include battery characteristic parameters, charging current, and charging efficiency. The estimation module 605 is configured to estimate the battery charge remaining time according to the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value, and an actual battery capacity of the battery.

[0114] In some embodiments, the first acquisition module 601 is specifically configured to implement step S10.

[0115] In some embodiments, the first division module 602 is specifically configured to implement step S20.

[0116] In some embodiments, the first determination module 603 is specifically configured to implement step S30.

[0117] In some embodiments, the second determining module 604 is specifically configured to implement step S40.

[0118] In some embodiments, the estimating module 605 is specifically configured to implement step S50.

[0119] It should be noted that, since the battery charging remaining time estimation device and the battery charging remaining time estimation method in the above embodiments are based on the same inventive concept, the corresponding contents in the method embodiments are also applicable to the device embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0120] In summary, the battery charging remaining time estimation device considers the target stage of the battery and the charging parameters of each second charging interval, estimates the battery charging remaining time based on the plurality of charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value and the actual battery capacity of the battery, and comprehensively considers various influencing factors to avoid one-sidedness of single parameter estimation, so that the predicted full charging time is closer to the actual full charging time, and the estimation accuracy is improved.

[0121] Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery management system provided by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 7 , the battery management system 22 includes one or more processors 221 and a memory 222. Among them, Figure 7 take one processor 221 as an example.

[0122] The processor 221 and the memory 222 can be connected through a bus or other means, Figure 7 take the connection through the bus as an example.

[0123] The memory 222 is a kind of non-volatile computer readable storage medium, which can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer executable programs and modules, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to load identification circuit in the embodiments of the present application. The processor 221 executes the various functions of the battery charging remaining time estimation device and data processing by running the non-volatile software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 222, that is, to realize the functions of the battery charging remaining time estimation method provided by the above method embodiments and each module or unit of the above device embodiments.

[0124] Memory 222 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, memory 222 may optionally include memory remotely located relative to processor 221, and such remote memory may be connected to processor 221 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0125] The program instructions / modules are stored in the memory 222 and, when executed by one or more processors 221, perform the battery charging remaining time estimation method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0126] This application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that are executed by one or more processors, for example... Figure 7 One of the processors 221 can enable the one or more processors to execute the battery charging remaining time estimation method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0127] This application also provides a non-volatile computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that are executed by one or more processors, for example... Figure 7 One of the processors 221 can enable the one or more processors to execute the battery charging remaining time estimation method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0128] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions that, when executed by a battery management system, cause the battery management system to perform any of the battery charging remaining time estimation methods described in this application.

[0129] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus a general hardware platform, and of course, can also be implemented by hardware. Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the computer program can be stored in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can execute the processes of the above-mentioned embodiments of the method. The storage medium can be a magnetic disc, an optical disc, a read-only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; under the idea of the present application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other changes of the different aspects of the present application as described above. In order to be brief, they are not provided in detail; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for estimating the remaining charging time of a battery, characterized in that, include: Obtain the constant current cutoff SOC value of the battery when it transitions from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage; Based on the constant current cutoff SOC value, the preset SOC value of the battery is sequentially divided into multiple first charging intervals; Based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, the target stage of the battery at the current moment and multiple second charging intervals from the current moment to full charge are determined, wherein the multiple second charging intervals are subsets of a set formed by multiple first charging intervals, and the target stage is a constant current charging stage or a constant voltage charging stage. Determine the charging parameters for each of the second charging zones, including battery characteristic parameters, charging current, and charging efficiency; Based on the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value, and the actual battery capacity, estimate the remaining charging time of the battery.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of dividing the battery's preset SOC value into multiple first charging intervals sequentially includes: The range from zero to the constant current cutoff SOC value is divided into the first first charging interval; Divide the constant current cutoff SOC value to the preset SOC value into equal or unequal intervals to obtain the second first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the target stage of the battery at the current moment and multiple second charging intervals from the current moment until full charge, based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, includes: If the current SOC value is less than the constant current cutoff SOC value, then the target stage is the constant current charging stage, and the first first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval are determined as the first second charging interval to the Nth second charging interval. If the current SOC value is greater than or equal to the constant current cutoff SOC value, then the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, and it is determined which first charging interval the current SOC value is located in; If the current SOC value is located in the xth first charging interval, then the xth to the Nth first charging intervals are respectively the first to the Mth second charging intervals, where M = N - x + 1.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals includes obtaining the charging current corresponding to each of the second charging intervals, including: Establish a current mapping table, which includes the correspondence between each of the first charging intervals and the maximum allowable current; The current state of the battery is determined based on the actual current of the battery at the current moment. The state includes charging state, standby state, and discharging state. Based on the current state of the battery, the target stage at the current moment, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current moment, the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval is determined.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the target stage is a constant current charging stage, determining the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval based on the current state, the target stage at the current time, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current time includes: When the state is a discharge state or a standby state, the i-th charging current corresponding to the i-th second charging interval is set to the maximum allowable current corresponding to the i-th first charging interval in the current mapping table, where 1≤i≤N; When the state is charging, the first charging current corresponding to the first second charging interval is set as the actual current of the battery at the current moment, and the second to Nth charging currents corresponding to the second to Nth second charging intervals are determined according to the actual current and the current mapping table.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, determining the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval based on the current state, the target stage at the current moment, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current moment includes: When the state is a discharge state or a standby state, the charging current of the first second charging interval to the Mth second charging interval is set to the maximum allowable current corresponding to the xth to Nth first charging intervals in the current mapping table, where 2≤x≤N, M=N-x+1; When the state is charging, the charging current for the first second charging interval to the Mth second charging interval is determined based on the actual current and the current mapping table.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, When the state is a charging state, the charging current for any second charging interval is determined based on the actual current and the current mapping table, including: The charging current of any second charging interval is the smaller value between the maximum allowable current of the first charging interval corresponding to that second charging interval in the current mapping table and the actual current of the battery at the current moment.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determine the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals, including obtaining the charging efficiency corresponding to each of the second charging intervals: Establish a charging efficiency mapping table, which includes the correspondence between each charging current and the charging efficiency; In the charging efficiency mapping table, find the charging efficiency corresponding to the charging current of each second charging interval.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The battery characteristic parameters include a temperature correction coefficient. Determining the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals includes obtaining the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals. Establish a temperature mapping table, which includes the correspondence between temperature and temperature correction factor; The target temperature correction coefficient corresponding to the current temperature of the battery is found in the temperature mapping table, and the target temperature correction coefficient is determined as the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The battery characteristic parameters include consistency parameters. Determining the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals includes obtaining the consistency parameters corresponding to each of the second charging intervals: Measure the voltage of each individual cell in the battery; Calculate the average voltage of each individual cell; The standard deviation is determined based on the average voltage; The consistency parameter is determined based on the standard deviation and average voltage: ； in, For the consistency parameter, The standard deviation is... The average voltage is denoted as .

11. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that, When the target stage is the constant current charging stage, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated, including: The remaining charging time of the battery can be estimated using the following formula: ； ； ； in, The remaining charging time for the battery. For constant current charging time, The constant voltage charging time. The first charging current of the first of the second charging zones. Let be the i-th charging current in the i-th second charging interval, and 2≤i≤N. This represents the current SOC value of the battery at the current moment. The constant current cutoff SOC value is... This represents the SOC difference for the i-th second charging interval. The charging efficiency for the first and second charging intervals. Let be the charging efficiency of the i-th second charging interval. This refers to the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals. The consistency parameters are defined for each of the second charging intervals, wherein the battery characteristic parameters include the temperature correction coefficient and the consistency parameters. When the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated, including: The remaining charging time of the battery can be estimated using the following formula: ； ； in, The remaining charging time for the battery. For constant current charging time, The constant voltage charging time. Let M be the j-th charging current in the j-th second charging interval, 1≤j≤M. This represents the current SOC value of the battery at the current moment. Let SOC be the difference in the j-th second charging interval. Let be the charging efficiency of the j-th second charging interval. This refers to the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals. The consistency parameter is the parameter corresponding to each of the second charging intervals.

12. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical equipment includes a battery and a battery management system, wherein the battery management system is electrically connected to the battery. The battery management system includes: At least one processor; and, A non-volatile memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, the non-volatile memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the battery charging remaining time estimation method as described in any one of claims 1-11.

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