Early warning device for surface subsidence disaster of mining area

Abstract

The invention discloses a mining area surface subsidence disaster early warning device in the technical field of mining area subsidence early warning. The mining area surface subsidence disaster early warning device comprises a supporting shell, a monitoring control module is arranged in the supporting shell, an alarm is fixedly connected to the top of the supporting shell, and electric energy conversion assemblies used for converting solar energy into electric energy are installed on the outer surface of the supporting shell in an annular array mode; an inflation cavity, a moving cavity and a swing cavity are formed in the supporting shell from top to bottom, a moving rod is arranged in the supporting shell, the top end and the bottom end of the moving rod are located in the inflation cavity and the moving cavity respectively, a first connecting rod is spherically hinged to the bottom end of the moving rod, a swing ball is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first connecting rod, and an elastic piece is arranged in the inflation cavity; a plurality of blowing assemblies are arranged in the inflation cavity, and a plurality of cleaning assemblies are arranged in the moving cavity. According to the invention, dust cleaning is carried out on the conversion assembly for supplying energy to the early warning device through vibration energy during production operation in a mining area, so that the stability of long-time energy supply is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of early warning technology for mining area subsidence, specifically to an early warning device for surface subsidence disasters in mining areas. Background Technology

[0002] Mining subsidence is a direct consequence of mining activities, primarily caused by the formation of underground goafs, stress imbalance in rock strata, and changes in hydrogeological conditions. During mining, the extraction of coal seams or ore leads to the expansion of underground cavities, disrupting the original stress balance of the rock strata. This, coupled with factors such as mine flooding and a drop in groundwater levels, exacerbates the compression deformation of the soil and rock mass and surface subsidence. Its manifestations include large-area uniform subsidence (an average of 6.87 acres of subsidence per 10,000 tons of coal mined) and sudden subsidence pits.

[0003] (The depth can reach tens of meters) and associated ground fissures (mostly distributed at the edge of subsidence). Such disasters cause damage to farmland, destruction of buildings, and depletion of water sources.

[0004] Therefore, early warning of surface subsidence disasters in mining areas is essential. Existing technologies, such as the mining geological environment monitoring device and method disclosed in CN118746320A (including a base plate, a connecting column fixedly connected to the top center of the base plate, a support frame hinged around the outside of the connecting column, a ground anchor installed inside the bottom end of the support frame, four support plates fixedly connected to the top of the connecting column, a pressure sensor installed on one side of the top of one support plate, a temperature sensor fixedly connected to the top of another support plate, a detection equipment central processor fixedly connected to the top of the connecting column, a photovoltaic solar panel installed on the top of the detection equipment central processor, and the photovoltaic solar panel electrically connected to the detection equipment central processor), typically distribute the early warning device in a grid pattern on the surface of the mining area (fixing the support shell to the surface using structures such as ground nails), then collect signals from different locations through a monitoring and control module, make predictions, and issue disaster warnings through installed alarms. For some remote mining areas where cable installation is inconvenient, solar panels are used for power supply. In mining areas, due to the need for mineral transportation, transport trucks frequently pass by, causing vibrations in the ground around the equipment and raising a large amount of dust that adheres to the solar panels, affecting their normal use. For equipment in remote locations, cleaning the solar power panels may depend on the weather (rain). If it does not rain for a long time, a large amount of dust will also adhere to the solar panels, leading to insufficient or unstable power supply for the entire equipment.

[0005] Therefore, this invention proposes an early warning device for surface subsidence disasters in mining areas to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an early warning device for surface subsidence disasters in mining areas. By utilizing the vibration energy generated during mining operations, the device's power conversion components are cleaned of dust, thereby ensuring long-term stable power supply.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a device for early warning of surface subsidence disaster in mining areas, comprising a base and a support shell fixedly connected to the top of the base, a plurality of ground nails arranged in a circular array on the outer surface of the base, a monitoring and control module for acquiring surface subsidence parameters in mining areas being provided inside the support shell, an alarm being fixedly connected to the top of the support shell, and a conversion component for converting solar energy into electrical energy being installed in a circular array on the outer surface of the support shell, wherein the monitoring and control module and the alarm are both electrically connected to the conversion component;

[0008] The support shell has an air-filling chamber, a moving chamber, and a swinging chamber inside from top to bottom. A moving rod that slides with the support shell is installed inside the support shell. The top and bottom ends of the moving rod are located in the air-filling chamber and the moving chamber, respectively. The bottom end of the moving rod is ball-jointed with a first connecting rod. The bottom end of the first connecting rod is fixedly connected to a swinging ball. An elastic element is installed inside the air-filling chamber. The two ends of the elastic element are fixedly connected to the top wall of the air-filling chamber and the top end of the moving rod, respectively. When the surface of the mining area vibrates, the vibration is transmitted to the swinging ball through the support shell, causing it to swing back and forth. Then, the moving rod slides up and down repeatedly using inertial force.

[0009] The air chamber is equipped with several air blowing components for blowing away dust from the surface of the conversion component, and the moving chamber is equipped with several cleaning components for cleaning dust from the surface of the conversion component. The air blowing components are connected to the cleaning components. Both the air blowing components and the cleaning components are driven by the reciprocating sliding of the moving rod.

[0010] Basic principle: The vibration generated by the passing of the mine car during mining operations causes the support shell and its internal components to vibrate. This vibration then causes the ball hinged to the first connecting rod on the moving rod and the swing ball fixed to the first connecting rod to swing. The inertial force generated by the swing ball causes the moving rod to slide up and down repeatedly, thereby increasing the driving force for the air blowing and cleaning components.

[0011] The above-mentioned solution offers the following advantages: First, by converting the mechanical vibration energy of the mining area into a clean power source, self-circulation of energy is achieved. When a mine car passes by, causing surface vibration, the swing ball, under inertia, drives the moving rod to reciprocate. This mechanical energy is effectively amplified through the energy storage and release effect of the elastic element, driving the air blowing component to generate directional airflow. This, combined with the cleaning component, forms a three-dimensional dust removal system, significantly improving the surface cleanliness of the photovoltaic conversion module. Second, the innovatively designed ball-joint four-bar transmission mechanism has vibration frequency adaptive characteristics, compatible with common vibration spectra in mining areas, ensuring a continuous cleaning frequency even under intermittent vibration conditions. Third, the linkage design of the air chamber and the moving chamber creates a synergistic effect between the air blowing and cleaning components. While the cleaning component performs physical wiping, the air blowing component simultaneously sprays air to clean the dust on the surface of the conversion module, achieving deep cleaning and significantly improving efficiency compared to a single cleaning method. Furthermore, the device adopts a modular design, and the special structure of the ground nails ensures stable anchoring of the equipment under complex geological conditions, effectively improving the environmental adaptability and continuous operational reliability of the early warning system.

[0012] Furthermore, each conversion component includes a solar panel and a support rod. The bottom end of the solar panel is fixedly connected to one end of the support rod, and the other end of the support rod is slidably connected to the support shell. The monitoring and control module and the alarm are both electrically connected to the solar panel.

[0013] Beneficial effects: The conversion component, through a sliding connection design between the support rod and the support shell, allows the solar panel to be flexibly adjusted at an angle along the outer surface of the support shell or retracted into the placement groove. This reduces the device's size and lowers the risk of damage during transportation or when not in operation. In the unfolded state, the sliding connection structure can coordinate with the movement trajectory of the cleaning component to ensure full contact between the cleaning layer and the solar panel surface, improving dust removal efficiency. Simultaneously, the direct electrical connection between the solar panel and the monitoring and control module and alarm avoids redundant circuit design, reduces energy transmission loss, and ensures long-term power supply stability for the early warning system in remote mining areas.

[0014] Furthermore, each cleaning component includes a second connecting rod hinged to the moving rod. The end of the second connecting rod away from the moving rod is hinged to a slider, which is slidably fitted with a groove that extends from the top wall of the moving cavity to the outer surface of the support shell. The end of the slider away from the second connecting rod is fixedly connected to a push rod, and the end of the push rod away from the slider is hinged to a cleaning frame. The bottom of the cleaning frame is provided with a porous cleaning layer. When the cleaning frame and the solar panel are unfolded, the cleaning layer contacts the top surface of the solar panel.

[0015] Beneficial Effects: The multi-stage articulated transmission structure enables precise control of the cleaning motion. The cooperation between the second link and the slider converts the vertical vibration of the moving rod into the horizontal reciprocating motion of the sweeping frame, forming a biomimetic wiping trajectory and ensuring complete contact between the cleaning layer and the conversion components. The porous cleaning layer undergoes elastic deformation upon contact with the cleaning material, increasing the coefficient of friction and improving dust removal efficiency, while also effectively preventing scratches on the photovoltaic panel surface through flexible contact. The articulated structure between the sweeping frame and the push rod has a self-correcting function, maintaining uniform contact pressure between the cleaning layer and the panel surface even when the equipment deflects due to external forces. This linkage mechanism elevates the utilization rate of vibration energy to a new level; a single vibration cycle can complete the entire cleaning action of covering, pressing, and pushing. Furthermore, the modular assembly of each component facilitates maintenance and replacement, significantly extending the service life of the device in harsh mining environments.

[0016] Furthermore, each air blowing assembly includes an air passage opened in the support shell, the air passage extends from the inflation chamber to the outer surface of the support shell, and each air passage is connected to an air supply pipe. The end of the air supply pipe away from the air passage is fixedly connected to the top of the cleaning frame, and the bottom of the cleaning frame has several air blowing holes connected to the air supply pipe.

[0017] Beneficial Effects: The integrated blowing and wiping design achieves a collaborative working mechanism through the synchronized coordination of airflow and physical wiping. The ventilation channel and air delivery pipe form a closed air path, precisely delivering compressed air from the inflation chamber to the end of the cleaning frame under the pressure fluctuations generated by the reciprocating motion of the moving rod. Several blowing holes form a fan-shaped air curtain, which disperses strongly adhered micro-dust particles when the cleaning layer contacts the plate surface, significantly reducing the resistance of mechanical wiping. This pneumatic system and mechanical transmission mechanism form an energy closed loop, simultaneously completing air pressure generation, directional delivery, and dynamic spraying under a single vibration excitation, achieving deep cleaning without additional energy consumption. The pulsed working mode of the blowing component is highly compatible with the intermittent vibration characteristics of the mining area, ensuring continuous cleaning power while avoiding the energy waste problems easily caused by traditional continuously powered systems, further enhancing the environmental adaptability and maintenance economy of the device.

[0018] Furthermore, the outer surface of the support shell has placement grooves that correspond one-to-one with the solar panels.

[0019] Beneficial effects: Before the overall equipment is installed, the solar panels can be embedded in the grooves, reducing the overall size of the device and making it easier to transport and install.

[0020] Furthermore, each ventilation channel is equipped with a first one-way valve.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The first one-way valve ensures unidirectional airflow, avoids energy loss due to air pressure backflow, and prevents external dust from flowing back into the air circuit system, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the blowing action under complex working conditions.

[0022] Furthermore, a second one-way valve is provided at the top of the moving rod, and a vent hole communicating with the inflation chamber is opened on the surface of the support shell.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The bidirectional pressure regulation mechanism of the moving rod and the inflation chamber achieves efficient management of air pressure fluctuations through the synergistic action of the second one-way valve and the vent. The second one-way valve opens when the moving rod moves downward, drawing in external air to replenish the gas inside the chamber, and closes when it moves upward, forming a sealed pressurized space to ensure a stable air supply for the inflation assembly.

[0024] Furthermore, the elastic element is a spring.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The spring structure is simple and reliable, with good fatigue resistance. Its linear stiffness characteristics can precisely control the reciprocating stroke of the moving rod, maintaining a stable energy storage-release cycle efficiency under continuous vibration conditions.

[0026] Furthermore, each of the ground nails has a pouring hole at the top.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The casting hole can be filled with quick-setting material during installation to form a reinforced anchor pile, which significantly enhances the interlocking strength between the ground nail and the geological body, improves the pull-out bearing capacity by expanding the contact area, and alleviates the stress concentration problem of the anchor structure caused by vibration.

[0028] Furthermore, both the ground nails and the support shell are connected by threads.

[0029] Beneficial effects: Threaded connections improve the tightness of the mating surfaces, optimize stress distribution through pre-tightening force, enhance the resistance to loosening under multi-directional vibration, and achieve stable anchoring that adapts to geological conditions.

[0030] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is an overall isometric view of an embodiment of the early warning device for surface subsidence disasters in mining areas according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is an overall front sectional view of an embodiment of the early warning device for surface subsidence disasters in mining areas according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of part A of an embodiment of the early warning device for surface subsidence disasters in mining areas according to the present invention.

[0034] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Base; 2. Alarm; 3. Ground stake; 4. Support shell; 5. Placement groove; 6. Solar panel; 7. Cleaning rack; 8. Air supply pipe; 9. Push rod; 10. Swing chamber; 11. Moving chamber; 12. Inflation chamber; 13. Spring; 14. Ventilation channel; 15. Moving rod; 16. First connecting rod; 17. Swing ball; 18. Slide groove; 19. Slider; 20. Second connecting rod; 21. Monitoring and control module. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] As attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The diagram illustrates an early warning device for surface subsidence disasters in mining areas. It includes a base 1 and a support shell 4 bolted to the top of the base 1. The outer surface of the base 1 has a circular array of ground nails 3, which secure the base 1 to detection points on the mining surface. The ground nails 3 are threaded to the base 1, enhancing its resistance to loosening under multi-directional vibration and achieving adaptive and stable anchoring under geological conditions. The support shell 4 houses a monitoring and control module 21 for acquiring and analyzing surface subsidence parameters. An alarm 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the support shell 4. The monitoring and control module 21 integrates a high-precision displacement sensor, tilt sensor, and vibration sensor. It monitors the three-dimensional displacement of the surface, the geological tilt angle, and abnormal vibration frequencies in real time. The collected data undergoes real-time filtering and feature extraction by an embedded processor. An adaptive algorithm dynamically adjusts the early warning threshold. For example, based on historical data, a Gaussian distribution model is established. When the real-time displacement exceeds three times the mean standard deviation for three consecutive times, or the rate of change of the tilt angle exceeds the geological safety slope, a high-risk state is identified. To ensure real-time updates of monitoring data, the monitoring and control module 21 can preferably employ satellite communication technology to guarantee real-time data transmission, facilitating rapid connection between the monitoring personnel and the surface conditions of the mining area. In monitoring mode, data is uploaded to the cloud every 10 minutes. When a single parameter exceeds a threshold, an early warning state is activated, data encryption storage is enabled, and the sampling frequency is increased to once per minute. If multiple parameters exhibit abnormalities (such as a simultaneous surge in displacement and tilt), alarm 2 is triggered, activating audible and visual warnings.

[0041] In practical applications, since mining areas are generally located in remote areas, cable laying is difficult or costly. Therefore, photovoltaic equipment is used to power the early warning equipment. However, when the mining area is in production (mine trucks pass by), the ground will vibrate and a lot of dust will be raised (especially when the ground is dry), which will cover the photovoltaic equipment and affect its normal operation (energy conversion).

[0042] The outer surface of the support shell 4 is equipped with a ring array of conversion components for converting solar energy into electrical energy. Each conversion component includes a solar panel 6 and a support rod. The bottom end of the solar panel 6 is fixedly connected to one end of the support rod, and the other end of the support rod is slidably connected to the support shell 4. The monitoring and control module 21 and the alarm 2 are both electrically connected to the solar panel 6.

[0043] To address the aforementioned issues, this solution specifically includes an air-filled cavity 12, a moving cavity 11, and a swinging cavity 10 inside the support shell 4, arranged from top to bottom. A moving rod 15, which slides within the support shell 4, is installed inside the support shell 4. The top and bottom ends of the moving rod 15 are located within the air-filled cavity 12 and the moving cavity 11, respectively. A first connecting rod 16 is ball-jointed at the bottom of the moving rod 15, and a swinging ball 17 is welded to the bottom of the first connecting rod 16. An elastic element is installed inside the air-filled cavity 12, with its two ends welded to the top wall of the air-filled cavity 12 and the top of the moving rod 15, respectively. The elastic element is a spring 13. When the surface of the mining area vibrates, the vibration is transmitted to the swinging ball 17 through the support shell 4, causing it to swing back and forth. The inertial force generated by this swinging motion then causes the moving rod 15 to slide up and down repeatedly.

[0044] The air chamber 12 is equipped with several air blowing components for blowing away dust from the surface of the conversion component, and the moving chamber 11 is equipped with several cleaning components for cleaning dust from the surface of the solar panel 6. The air blowing components are connected to the cleaning components respectively. Both the air blowing components and the cleaning components are driven by the reciprocating sliding of the moving rod 15.

[0045] Each cleaning component includes a second connecting rod 20 hinged to the moving rod 15. A slider 19 is hinged to the end of the second connecting rod 20 away from the moving rod 15. The slider 19 is slidably fitted with a groove 18, which extends from the top wall of the moving cavity 11 to the outer surface of the support shell 4. A push rod 9 is screwed to the end of the slider 19 away from the second connecting rod 20. A cleaning frame 7 is hinged to the end of the push rod 9 away from the slider 19. A cleaning layer with a porous structure is provided at the bottom of the cleaning frame 7. When the cleaning frame 7 and the solar panel 6 are unfolded, the cleaning layer contacts the top surface of the solar panel 6.

[0046] Each air blowing assembly includes an air passage 14 within the support shell 4, extending from the inflation chamber 12 to the outer surface of the support shell 4. Each air passage 14 is connected to an air supply pipe 8. The end of the air supply pipe 8 furthest from the air passage 14 is attached to the top of the cleaning frame 7. Several air blowing holes communicating with the air supply pipe 8 are located at the bottom of the cleaning frame 7. These holes are angled to improve airflow utilization. Each air passage 14 is equipped with a first one-way valve to ensure unidirectional airflow, preventing energy loss due to pressure backflow and preventing external dust from flowing back into the air system, ensuring stable and continuous operation of the air blowing action under complex working conditions. A second one-way valve is located at the top of the moving rod 15, and the surface of the support shell 4 has a vent communicating with the inflation chamber 12. When the moving rod 15 moves downwards, the second one-way valve opens, drawing in external air to replenish the gas inside the chamber; when it moves upwards, it closes, forming a sealed pressurized space to ensure a stable air source for the air blowing action.

[0047] The specific process is as follows: After installing this early warning device at a monitoring point on the slope of an open-pit copper mine, its self-cleaning function performed as follows under actual working conditions:

[0048] When a 200-ton mining truck passes 5 meters away from the device, a vibration wave of 8-12Hz is generated on the ground and transmitted to the support shell 4. Under inertia, the swing ball 17 reciprocates along the vibration direction by ±15°, driving the moving rod 15 to reciprocate up and down by 30mm at a frequency of 2-3 times per second via the first connecting rod 16. When the moving rod 15 moves upward, it compresses the spring 13 to store energy, and when it moves downward, the spring 13 releases potential energy, creating an amplitude amplification effect. Furthermore, the mass block of the swing ball 17 constitutes a mechanical low-pass filter. When encountering a sudden impact (such as blasting vibration), the oscillation period of the ball is automatically extended to more than 0.5s (0.3s under normal operating conditions). By extending the system response time, the instantaneous impact acceleration is attenuated from 15g to less than 5g, protecting the precision electronic components.

[0049] The following are two different dust removal stages that operate synchronously when the moving rod 15 moves:

[0050] Dust removal by blowing air: When the moving rod 15 moves upward, the pressure inside the inflation chamber 12 increases, the second one-way valve closes to form a sealed chamber, and compressed air enters the air supply pipe 8 through the ventilation channel 14 (which is equipped with the first one-way valve), and finally sprays out from the inclined blowing hole at the bottom of the cleaning frame 7, forming a pulse airflow at a 45° angle to the surface of the solar panel 6, instantly blowing away the floating dust on the surface of the solar panel 6. When the moving rod 15 moves downward, the second one-way valve opens, and external air is replenished to the inflation chamber 12 through the dust filter vent, completing the air pressure circulation.

[0051] Physical wiping: The up-and-down movement of the moving rod 15 drives the slider 19 to slide within the groove 18 via the second connecting rod 20. The push rod 9 converts the vertical motion into the horizontal reciprocating motion of the sweeping frame 7. When the continuous passage of the mine car causes vibration, the sweeping frame 7 drives the porous cleaning layer to perform a comprehensive wiping of the surface of the solar panel 6 at a frequency of 10-15 times per minute. The flexible cleaning layer deforms under pressure to adapt to the curvature of the panel surface, ensuring that there are no dead corners in dust removal.

[0052] Example 2:

[0053] The difference from Example 1 is that, as Figure 1 As shown, each of the three ground anchors has a pouring hole at its top. When constructing in soft soil or gravel areas, after the anchors are screwed into the predetermined depth, quick-setting cement mortar is poured into the anchor cavity through the pouring hole. The mortar forms a radial root structure around the anchor, which, after solidification, tightly interlocks with the surrounding geological body, significantly improving pull-out strength. When a mine car passes by, causing ground vibration, the composite anchor body formed by the pouring process distributes the concentrated load to the deep, stable rock layer through multi-directional stress transmission, preventing shallow anchor failure.

[0054] Example 3:

[0055] The difference from Example 2 is that, as Figure 1As shown, the outer surface of the support shell 4 has placement grooves 5 that correspond one-to-one with the solar panels 6. Before the overall equipment is installed, the solar panels 6 can be embedded in the placement grooves 5 to reduce the overall volume of the device and facilitate transportation and installation.

[0056] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A device for early warning of surface subsidence disaster in mining areas, comprising a base (1) and a support shell (4) fixedly connected to the top of the base (1), wherein the outer surface of the base (1) has a plurality of ground nails (3) arranged in a circular array, the support shell (4) is provided with a monitoring and control module (21) for acquiring and analyzing surface subsidence parameters in mining areas, and an alarm (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the support shell (4), characterized in that, The outer surface of the support shell (4) is equipped with a ring array of conversion components for converting solar energy into electrical energy. The monitoring and control module (21) and the alarm (2) are both electrically connected to the conversion components. The support shell (4) has an air-filling cavity (12), a moving cavity (11), and a swinging cavity (10) inside from top to bottom. The support shell (4) is equipped with a moving rod (15) that slides with the support shell (4). The top and bottom ends of the moving rod (15) are located in the air-filling cavity (12) and the moving cavity (11), respectively. The bottom end of the moving rod (15) is ball-jointed with a first connecting rod (16). The bottom end of the first connecting rod (16) is fixedly connected to a swinging ball (17). An elastic element is provided in the air-filling cavity (12). The two ends of the elastic element are fixedly connected to the top wall of the air-filling cavity (12) and the top end of the moving rod (15), respectively. When the surface of the mining area vibrates, the vibration of the support shell (4) is transmitted to the swinging ball (17), causing it to swing back and forth. Then, the moving rod (15) slides up and down using inertial force. The air chamber (12) is equipped with several air blowing components for blowing away dust from the surface of the conversion component, and the moving chamber (11) is equipped with several cleaning components for cleaning dust from the surface of the conversion component. The air blowing components are connected to the cleaning components respectively. Both the air blowing components and the cleaning components are driven by the reciprocating sliding of the moving rod (15).

2. The early warning device for surface subsidence disaster in mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conversion components all include a solar panel (6) and a support rod. The bottom end of the solar panel (6) is fixedly connected to one end of the support rod, and the other end of the support rod is slidably connected to the support shell (4). The monitoring and control module (21) and the alarm (2) are both electrically connected to the solar panel (6).

3. The early warning device for surface subsidence disaster in mining areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each cleaning component includes a second connecting rod (20) hinged to the moving rod (15). A slider (19) is hinged to the end of the second connecting rod (20) away from the moving rod (15). The slider (19) is slidably fitted with a groove (18). The groove (18) extends from the top wall of the moving cavity (11) to the outer surface of the support shell (4). A push rod (9) is fixedly connected to the end of the slider (19) away from the second connecting rod (20). A cleaning frame (7) is hinged to the end of the push rod (9) away from the slider (19). A porous cleaning layer is provided at the bottom of the cleaning frame (7). When the cleaning frame (7) and the solar panel (6) are unfolded, the cleaning layer contacts the top surface of the solar panel (6).

4. The early warning device for surface subsidence disaster in mining areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each air blowing assembly includes an air passage (14) opened in the support shell (4). The air passage (14) extends from the inflation chamber (12) to the outer surface of the support shell (4). Each air passage (14) is connected to an air supply pipe (8). The end of the air supply pipe (8) away from the air passage (14) is fixedly connected to the top of the cleaning frame (7). Each cleaning frame (7) has several air blowing holes at the bottom that are connected to the air supply pipe (8).

5. The early warning device for surface subsidence disaster in mining areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer surface of the support shell (4) has placement grooves (5) that correspond one-to-one with the solar panels (6).

6. The early warning device for surface subsidence disaster in mining areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each ventilation channel (14) is equipped with a first check valve.

7. The early warning device for surface subsidence disaster in mining areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the moving rod (15) is provided with a second one-way valve, and the surface of the support shell (4) has a vent hole that communicates with the inflation chamber (12).

8. The early warning device for surface subsidence disaster in mining areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: The elastic element is a spring (13).

9. The early warning device for surface subsidence disaster in mining areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: All ground nails (3) have pouring holes at the top.

10. The early warning device for surface subsidence disaster in mining areas according to claim 9, characterized in that, Both the ground nail (3) and the support shell (4) are connected by threads.

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