Ceramic module ferrule in-line surge cut-off method and surge protector thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a ceramic module plug-in core series surge cut-off method and a surge protector thereof, and belongs to the technical field of surge protection, which comprises a surge protection circuit composed of a plurality of ceramic module plug-in core units in series, wherein each plug-in core unit is provided with a surge absorption assembly and a thermal trip assembly; when a surge event occurs, the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate of the surge absorption assembly in each plug-in core unit are detected, and whether a set cut-off threshold is reached is judged according to the same, and a thermal trip action is triggered to realize module-level circuit breaking; the position and response time of the cut-off event are recorded to a memory guide layer in a coding mode for subsequent non-contact scanning identification; after the system is restored, the cut-off arm can be automatically reset through an external excitation mode to restore the conduction state; the application realizes multiple technical effects of accurate surge response, traceable events and reusable modules, and is suitable for surge protection in high-density electronic equipment and intelligent power systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surge protection technology, specifically to a surge interruption method for ceramic module ferrules in series and a surge protector thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional surge protection devices typically employ a parallel structure, absorbing surge energy through varistors or gas discharge tubes. However, under high-frequency surge impacts, this type of structure suffers from problems such as rapid heat accumulation, rapid device aging, and low protection accuracy. Especially in multi-module series arrangements, if a stage fails and is not disconnected in time, it can easily lead to the failure of the entire protection system.

[0003] While existing technologies have proposed series disconnection methods, they generally rely on passive components such as fuses and thermal breakers. The response time depends on the thermal inertia of the devices themselves, making it difficult to meet the requirements of nanosecond-level surge response. In addition, most existing technologies cannot achieve position memory-based disconnection or state tracking disconnection logic between modules, resulting in difficult system maintenance and a high misjudgment rate.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a series surge interruption method with dynamic state memory capability and the ability to construct a recoverable separation path within the ceramic module. This method should not rely on an external electrical control system but should integrate three major functions within the structure itself: surge response judgment, action triggering, and module disconnection. This would solve the problems of slow response, non-adjustable structure, and non-resettable nature of existing technologies, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of multi-level surge protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a surge cut-off method for ceramic module ferrules in series and a surge protector thereof, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for series surge interruption of ceramic module ferrules, comprising:

[0007] Construct a surge protection circuit consisting of multiple ceramic module ferrule units connected in series, wherein each ceramic module ferrule unit contains a surge absorption component and a thermal trip component;

[0008] When a surge event occurs, the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor and longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate of the surge absorption components in each ceramic module ferrule unit are detected to determine whether the set cutoff threshold has been reached.

[0009] The location and response time of the cut-off event are encoded and recorded in the memory guidance layer within the ceramic module for automatic diagnosis, location tracking, and partial module replacement.

[0010] After the system is restored, the cutter arm with automatic reset function can be restored to conduction by external triggering in a surge-free state.

[0011] Preferably, the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor is defined as follows: the instantaneous voltage V(t) and current I(t) across a module are measured using a high-frequency sampler; a series of discrete time points are obtained. In the formula, This represents the voltage at the i-th sampling point; This represents the current at the i-th sampling point; Indicate the sampling time; calculate the equivalent capacitive impedance sequence. The basic relationship of using capacitors: The voltage change rate was calculated using the numerical differentiation method. The expression is: Substituting, we get: ; Calculate the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor NCD-F, and define the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor as the derivative of the capacitive reactance with respect to time.

[0012] Preferably, the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance abrupt change rate is defined as: the complex impedance of the ferrule module along the current axis path. The rate of change in a very short time The expression is: .

[0013] Preferably, the nonlinear capacitive transfer factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate are converted into a comprehensive feature vector. The comprehensive feature vector is used as the input of the machine learning model. The machine learning model uses the predicted value label of the surge boundary instability for each set of comprehensive feature vectors as the prediction objective and minimizes the sum of the prediction errors for all surge boundary instability prediction value labels as the training objective. The machine learning model is trained until the sum of prediction errors converges and the model training stops. The predicted value of surge boundary instability is determined based on the model output. The machine learning model is a multinomial regression model.

[0014] Preferably, the obtained surge boundary instability prediction value is compared with a preset threshold. If the surge boundary instability prediction value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the ferrule unit is determined to be in a surge runaway edge state. The TTU thermal trip assembly is immediately activated to perform a module-level cut-off operation, and the break point location is synchronously recorded in the module identification code for subsequent inspection and replacement. If the surge boundary instability prediction value is less than the preset threshold, no adjustment is required.

[0015] Preferably, the step of encoding and recording the location and response time of the cut-off event into the memory guidance layer within the ceramic module specifically involves:

[0016] While the thermal trip assembly triggers the cut-off action, the drive response detection circuit collects the position code and trigger timestamp of the current ferrule unit.

[0017] The cut-off state signal is converted into a two-bit pulse-coded signal and injected into the memory guidance layer through a coupled piezoelectric channel;

[0018] The memory guidance layer adopts a ceramic layer structure with ferroelectric hysteresis characteristics, and uses the controllable change of local polarization orientation to realize the physical writing of event information.

[0019] During the system inspection phase, the polarization state is identified by non-contact electric field scanning, thereby decoding and obtaining information on the cut-off location and response time.

[0020] Preferably, the automatic diagnosis, location tracking, and local module replacement include:

[0021] The system control unit periodically activates the non-contact electric field scanning array to read the polarization state of the memory guiding layer in each ceramic module ferrule unit and obtain the circuit breaker event marking information.

[0022] The polarization data is matched with the module address index matrix to reconstruct the specific module location and trigger time of the surge cutoff event.

[0023] Based on the cut location, a maintenance prompt instruction is generated, and the module that needs to be replaced is indicated via photoelectric tags or a graphical interface.

[0024] After the replacement is completed, a rescan confirms that the markings have been cleared or reset.

[0025] The present invention also provides a surge protector, characterized in that it has a ceramic module insert.

[0026] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows:

[0027] 1. This invention introduces a dual-parameter joint judgment mechanism of nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor and longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate, which realizes feedforward identification of surge instability boundary state. Compared with the existing passive response scheme based on voltage and current, it can capture the surge occurrence trend in advance and accurately locate the timing of the cut-off of individual modules, effectively improving the surge response speed and circuit breaker judgment accuracy, reducing the risk of false operation and protection lag, and is particularly suitable for modular surge protection systems in high-speed and large-amplitude surge impact scenarios.

[0028] 2. This invention further combines memory-guided layer event polarization recording, non-contact polarization scanning recognition, and controllable conduction reset structure to construct a complete module-level intelligent diagnostic, status tracking, and automatic maintenance system. This system not only achieves traceability of cut-off events and closed-loop management of the maintenance process, but also significantly improves the reusability of protection devices and system operating efficiency through the external excitation reset mechanism of the shape memory elastic cut-off arm. It is suitable for applications in communications, power, and rail transportation where high reliability and maintenance efficiency are required. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the surge interruption method for ceramic module ferrules in this embodiment includes:

[0033] Construct a surge protection circuit consisting of multiple ceramic module ferrule units connected in series, wherein each ceramic module ferrule unit contains a surge absorption component and a thermal trip component;

[0034] When a surge event occurs, the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor and longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate of the surge absorption components in each ceramic module ferrule unit are detected to determine whether the set cutoff threshold has been reached.

[0035] The location and response time of the cut-off event are encoded and recorded in the memory guidance layer within the ceramic module for automatic diagnosis, location tracking, and partial module replacement.

[0036] After the system is restored, the cutter arm with automatic reset function can be restored to conduction by external triggering in a surge-free state.

[0037] This embodiment discloses a series surge protection circuit based on multiple ceramic module ferrule units, applied to a surge protection system for outdoor power input of a communication base station. This system operates in areas prone to lightning strikes, placing high demands on surge response time, local maintainability, and multi-level redundant protection.

[0038] The surge protection system in this embodiment consists of a surge input terminal P_in, a surge output terminal P_out, and multi-stage series-connected ceramic module ferrule units M1 to Mn (n≥3). Each ceramic module ferrule unit (hereinafter referred to as "ferrule unit") has the same structure, and n is the total number of ceramic module ferrule units.

[0039] It mainly includes the following components:

[0040] The surge absorption component uses a multilayer varistor ceramic body made of ZnO material, with a voltage rating of 420 V (nominal value) and an absorption capacity of ≥2.5 kA (8 / 20 μs surge waveform).

[0041] The thermal tripping assembly includes an alloy bimetallic strip, a shape memory spring, and a low-melting-point welded break. The triggering temperature is 135°C ± 5°C, and the response time is < 5 ms.

[0042] A piezoelectric response layer, made of PLZT (lead-lanthanum-zirconium-titanium ceramic), is embedded between the SAU and TTU to sense the mechanical effects of sudden voltage changes and guide the TTU to trip in advance.

[0043] Each ferrule module is connected to the busbar via a convex pin and is equipped with a miniature circuit breaker marking window for later inspection and confirmation.

[0044] All ferrule units are mounted in series on a high-insulation-strength ceramic substrate. The substrate has pre-set uniform slots to ensure structural integrity even after thermal expansion and contraction. The current path in the series circuit is: P_in → M1 → M2 → ... → Mn → P_out. The entire series network is encased in a flame-retardant polycarbonate box with an IP65 protection rating, suitable for outdoor installation.

[0045] During normal operation, the SAU in the ferrule unit is in a high-resistance state, which does not affect the normal power supply voltage. When a surge voltage occurs, the varistor ceramic quickly breaks down and conducts, discharging the surge current to ground. If the surge energy exceeds the rated withstand value of a single module, the SAU temperature rises rapidly, and the TTU starts and disconnects the module's circuit.

[0046] Meanwhile, by utilizing the piezoelectric response layer to respond to the mechanical stress of surges, the rapid rise in voltage can be identified in advance, assisting the TTU to activate earlier and improving the response speed.

[0047] Table 1 Key Parameter Settings

[0048] Parameter name Numerical value (unit) illustrate Number of ferrule units (n) 5 Provides 5 levels of redundancy protection SAU nominal voltage 420 V 220 V AC input protection SAU maximum absorption current 2.5 kA 8 / 20μs single surge TTU tripping temperature 135°C ±5°C Based on material thermal response settings TTU tripping time <5 ms Quickly isolate failed modules Total response time of ferrule ≤ 15 ms Includes detection and cutting System rated voltage AC 220 V Communication base station power supply standards

[0049] For example, at a telecommunications tower site in a southern province, the surge response of this protection system to a typical thunderstorm day was tested. The measured data are as follows:

[0050] Average number of surge triggers per day: 18;

[0051] The ferrule module M3 responded on the 7th trigger, the TTU automatically disconnected, and the system returned to normal operation.

[0052] After manually replacing the M3, the system reset time is less than 3 minutes;

[0053] Test results show that the serial module structure can achieve hierarchical action, realize module-level protection and isolation without interrupting system operation, and has good replaceability and maintainability.

[0054] This embodiment addresses the problems of delayed response, delayed judgment, and high false trigger rate in existing surge protection systems by providing a feature judgment mechanism. Specifically, it achieves high-precision identification of surge instability boundary states by real-time detection of the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor (NCD-F) and longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate (ACIM-R) of the surge absorption component in each ceramic module ferrule unit, thereby triggering thermal tripping action in a timely manner.

[0055] This system employs a series surge protection circuit constructed from multiple ceramic module ferrule units (M1~Mn). Each ferrule unit contains the following core structure:

[0056] Surge absorption unit (SAU): Employs a ZnO varistor ceramic element, which exhibits nonlinear capacitive behavior and is a key component in this embodiment for detecting the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor.

[0057] Thermal trip unit (TTU): It consists of a shape memory alloy reset spring and a micro-melt connecting bridge, with a cut-off delay controlled within 3 to 5 ms.

[0058] Parameter acquisition and judgment module: Embedded in the ferrule body, it includes the following two sub-circuits:

[0059] Capacitive migration analysis circuit;

[0060] Coupling impedance change detection circuit.

[0061] Auxiliary response layer: Located at the interface between the module and the busbar, it is used to accurately measure the impedance behavior of the longitudinal coupling path.

[0062] The nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor (NCD-F) is defined as the instantaneous voltage V(t) and current I(t) across a module measured by a high-frequency (e.g., ≥1 MHz) sampler.

[0063] Obtain a series of discrete time points In the formula, This represents the voltage at the i-th sampling point; This represents the current at the i-th sampling point; Indicate the sampling time; calculate the equivalent capacitive impedance sequence. The basic relationship of using capacitors: The rate of change of voltage is calculated using numerical differentiation methods (such as central difference). The expression is: Substituting, we get: ; Calculate the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor NCD-F, and define the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor as the derivative of the capacitive reactance with respect to time: ;

[0064] Detection principle: A high-frequency disturbance (typical value 1 MHz~5 MHz) is applied by the CDD circuit and the capacitance response change across the SAU is measured. Based on the nonlinear capacitance effect of the varistor ceramic in the surge field, a sudden increase in change indicates that the module has entered the "unstable surge front".

[0065] Longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate (ACIM-R) definition: The complex impedance of the ferrule module along the current axis path. The rate of change in a very short time The expression is: ;

[0066] Detection principle: The AMD circuit continuously samples the voltage and current before and after the module, and calculates the abrupt change value of the complex impedance to determine whether the structural current path shows signs of abrupt "breakdown" or "dielectric breakdown" due to surge impact.

[0067] When a surge event occurs, the MJM module will simultaneously activate the CDD and AMD sub-modules for high-frequency sampling. The monitoring results will be used to determine the outcome if the following joint criteria are met:

[0068] The nonlinear capacitive transfer factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate are converted into a comprehensive feature vector. The comprehensive feature vector is used as the input of the machine learning model. The machine learning model uses the predicted value label of the surge boundary instability for each set of comprehensive feature vectors as the prediction objective and minimizes the sum of the prediction errors for all surge boundary instability prediction value labels as the training objective. The machine learning model is trained until the sum of prediction errors converges and the model training stops. The predicted value of surge boundary instability is determined based on the model output. The machine learning model is a multinomial regression model.

[0069] The obtained surge boundary instability prediction value is compared with a preset threshold. If the surge boundary instability prediction value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the ferrule unit is determined to be in a surge runaway state. The TTU thermal trip assembly is immediately activated to perform a module-level disconnection operation, and the breakpoint location is synchronously recorded in the module identification code for subsequent inspection and replacement. If the surge boundary instability prediction value is less than the preset threshold, no adjustment is required.

[0070] This embodiment provides a ceramic module memory guidance layer structure and control method for recording the location and response time of a cut-off event. The scheme achieves a passive, embedded, and non-volatile data recording method through the cooperation of a thermal trip linkage coding circuit, a piezoelectric channel injection path, and a ferroelectric polarization layer, which can be used for subsequent automatic diagnosis, location tracking, and module-level maintenance.

[0071] This embodiment is based on a ceramic module ferrule unit, which, in addition to containing a surge absorption unit (SAU) and a thermal trip unit (TTU), also integrates the following modules:

[0072] Response Detection Circuit (RDM): Used to acquire the module's coded address and system time base information at the moment the thermal trip occurs.

[0073] Two-position pulse encoder (DPC): Encodes open circuit events into two-dimensional pulse signals, with a dual-dimensional structure of timing and position information.

[0074] Coupled piezoelectric channel (PEC): A set of miniature piezoelectric induction paths connected to the memory guiding layer, used to inject high-frequency coded pulses under transient conditions.

[0075] Memory Guidance Layer (MGL): Composed of ceramic materials with ferroelectric hysteresis properties, such as BiFeO3 and PZT, it is embedded under the module substrate. Its polarization direction can be written by an external electric field, serving as an event storage unit.

[0076] Polarization State Decoding Component (EDR): Located on the top cover of the module, it is a non-contact electric field scanning electrode array used to interpret the polarization state of the module during system operation and maintenance.

[0077] In this embodiment, the recording process consists of four steps, as follows:

[0078] Step 1: When the surge absorption component inside the ferrule module experiences a temperature rise due to surge overload, triggering the thermal trip unit (TTU) to activate, the response detection circuit (RDM) inside the module immediately starts. This circuit latches the module's unique address (e.g., 5-bit code) and relative timestamp (e.g., 16-bit synchronous timer output) within 0.5ms using a built-in position encoding register and a synchronous system clock signal. This information forms an event-encoded data packet E={Ai,Tj}, where: Ai is the module address (position encoding); Tj is the relative system timestamp (response time). This process is self-triggered, relying on the electric field disturbance in the thermal trip transient to wake up the trigger.

[0079] Step 2: The event-encoded data EEE is input into a dual-bit pulse encoder (DPC) and converted into a dual-channel high-frequency pulse pair (e.g., 10μs pulse width, 100 kHz modulation). Channel 1 corresponds to the position encoding, and channel 2 corresponds to the timestamp.

[0080] Subsequently, the pulse signal is applied to the memory boot layer at the bottom of the module through a coupled piezoelectric channel (PEC). The PEC channel is a set of embedded thin-film piezoelectric bridges with unidirectional voltage focusing capability, ensuring that energy is concentrated and injected into the corresponding ferroelectric region to complete polarization-oriented writing.

[0081] The injection voltage is ±30V and the application time is less than 1 ms, which can ensure that the polarization direction is deflected and does not bounce back, forming a non-volatile polarization recording bit.

[0082] Step 3: The material used in the memory guiding layer has typical ferroelectric hysteresis characteristics, such as PZT (lead zirconium titanate) or BiFeO3. Its polarization direction can be stably oriented under the action of an external electric field, forming two identifiable states: "+P" or "-P".

[0083] In this embodiment, the entire bootstrap layer is divided into a 2×N unit matrix, where:

[0084] The first dimension encoding position Ai (as in row 3);

[0085] The second dimension encodes the time period Tj (as in column 6).

[0086] Each cell block is written only once with polarization when an event occurs, forming a traceable record point, theoretically supporting 2... 5 ×2 6 = 2048 event addresses.

[0087] Step 4: During the system maintenance phase, the maintenance equipment activates the top contact surface of the module through an external non-contact electric field scanning array (EDR). This scanning array detects the polarization distribution within the guide layer point by point based on field sensing readout technology (such as Scanning Kelvin Probe).

[0088] By combining the coordinates of the only stable deflection state in the matrix polarization unit, the location and time period of the recorded circuit breaker event can be obtained and simultaneously displayed on the system diagnostic interface, enabling rapid location and module replacement.

[0089] This embodiment relies on the polarization state data recorded by the memory guidance layer integrated in the aforementioned module. The system control unit drives a non-contact electric field scanning array to achieve automatic identification and location analysis of faulty modules. Combined with graphical interface prompts, maintenance guidance is provided, which greatly improves the intelligence and maintainability of the system-level surge protection device.

[0090] During system operation, the SCU activates the ESA scanning array every 24 hours to perform non-contact readings of all ceramic module ferrule units. The ESA uses a scanning Kelvin probe array (such as 4×n sensor heads), and its working principle is based on sensing signals from the polarization potential distribution on the material surface.

[0091] During the reading process, the memory guide layer of each module ferrule unit will exhibit a fixed polarization displacement after the surge is cut off, generating a stable surface electric field anomaly. ESA collects this as voltage offset data (ΔV_p), with a typical value in the range of 0.3–0.6V, which is significantly higher than that of normal modules (<0.05V).

[0092] The SCU compares the polarization data acquired by each ESA probe with the preset address index matrix AIM to reconstruct the list of "polarized" modules in the current system.

[0093] For example:

[0094] AIM mapping: Module M7 corresponds to the 3rd row and 2nd column;

[0095] ΔV_p > 0.3 V, indicating that M7 is an open circuit module;

[0096] The timestamp field T_j in the previously encoded data is obtained synchronously and can be combined to form a complete event data packet: F={M7,Tj=186205μs}; in this way, the system achieves accurate location of the circuit breaker module and restoration of the event time.

[0097] Once the specific faulty module is located, the SCU automatically generates maintenance instructions and notifies the maintenance personnel in the following two ways:

[0098] Graphical interface prompt: If the system is equipped with an embedded screen or host computer interface, the MIU module will highlight the failed module number, location and disconnection time on the graphical interface;

[0099] Photoelectric tag illumination: If a status tag (LED / color-changing film, etc.) is pre-installed on the top of the module, the SCU can activate the corresponding tag to indicate that the module needs to be replaced, making it easy to find quickly without tools.

[0100] In addition, the system can simultaneously send this information to the remote maintenance platform to realize automatic work order dispatch for operation and maintenance.

[0101] After the module replacement is completed, the SCU reactivates the ESA to rescan the polarization state of the original marked location. If the potential difference ΔV_p in the scanned area drops to the background noise level (e.g., ≤0.05 V), the module is determined to have been reset or replaced, and the system records the maintenance completion status. This process can be initiated manually or automatically to ensure a closed-loop maintenance process and prevent missed detections or misjudgments.

[0102] To address the issues of traditional surge protection modules failing to automatically recover after a cut-off action, requiring complete replacement, and incurring long maintenance cycles, this embodiment proposes a cut-off arm structure with an automatic reset function. This structure can restore conduction and the original circuit path by external trigger signal excitation when the system recovers and there is no surge, thus meeting the requirements for module reuse and rapid maintenance.

[0103] This embodiment, based on the ceramic module ferrule unit described in the main claim, introduces an intelligent reset type cutting arm, which mainly consists of the following parts:

[0104] Thermal trip unit (TTU): Responds to surge energy overload to achieve module-level circuit breaking;

[0105] Shape Memory Elastic Bridge Plate (SMA Bridge Plate): Made of NiTi-based shape memory alloy material, it has the ability to recover deformation in response to heating;

[0106] Electromagnetic induction triggering unit: Located outside the module, it excites the internal induction circuit to generate a thermal field through low-frequency electromagnetic signals;

[0107] Conductive positioning structure: used to precisely engage the original contact point after the spring is reset, ensuring electrical continuity;

[0108] Status lock identification layer: Located on the module surface, it can display the current status of the cut-off arm (disconnected / reset).

[0109] The above structure is compactly integrated inside the ceramic module ferrule unit, maintaining the same external dimensions.

[0110] The cut-off arm assembly with automatic reset function restores continuity after a surge event is resolved through the following steps:

[0111] Step 1: After a surge event occurs and triggers the thermal trip assembly, the cut-off arm quickly disengages from the contact position, creating an open circuit and isolating the SAU (Surge Amplifier) ​​from the circuit. At this time, the shape memory elastic bridge undergoes plastic deformation due to heat release, remaining in the open state. The module enters the "trip pending reset" state.

[0112] Step 2: After confirming that there is no risk of subsequent surges on the system control motherboard or external maintenance terminal, a low-frequency control signal (e.g., 15 kHz to 25 kHz) is sent to the external electromagnetic induction trigger (EITU) of the module. This signal is received by the secondary coil inside the module and briefly heats the SMA Bridge Plate (typical temperature rise of about 25 to 35°C), activating the shape memory recovery mechanism.

[0113] Step 3: Within 200-500ms after heating, the SMA Bridge Plate returns to its original shape, automatically reconnecting the conductive positioning structure to the original contact point. This reset process is guided by a micro-mechanical limiter, ensuring precise engagement of the metal arms without creating micro-gaps, thus restoring electrical continuity.

[0114] Step 4: After the conductive positioning structure is activated, the color area of ​​the Status Lock Identification Layer (SLI) changes from "red" to "green," indicating that the module cut-off arm has been reset. This structure is composed of a thermochromic composite film and shares the thermal sensing area with the SMA thermal conduction path, achieving a passive state visual feedback function.

[0115] Example 2: The present invention also provides a surge protector having a ceramic module ferrule.

[0116] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A surge interruption method for ceramic module ferrules in series, characterized in that: include: Construct a surge protection circuit consisting of multiple ceramic module ferrule units connected in series, wherein each ceramic module ferrule unit contains a surge absorption component and a thermal trip component; When a surge event occurs, the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor and longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate of the surge absorption components in each ceramic module ferrule unit are detected to determine whether the set cutoff threshold has been reached. The nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor is defined as follows: the instantaneous voltage V(t) and current I(t) across a module are measured using a high-frequency sampler; a series of discrete data points are obtained. In the formula, This represents the voltage at the i-th sampling point; This represents the current at the i-th sampling point; Indicate the sampling time; calculate the equivalent capacitive impedance sequence. The basic relationship of using capacitors: The voltage change rate was calculated using the numerical differentiation method. The expression is: Substituting, we get: ; Calculate the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor NCD-F, and define the nonlinear capacitive reactance migration factor as the derivative of the capacitive reactance with respect to time; The location and response time of the cut-off event are encoded and recorded in the memory guidance layer within the ceramic module for automatic diagnosis, location tracking, and partial module replacement. After the system is restored, the cutter arm with automatic reset function can be restored to conduction by external triggering in a surge-free state.

2. The surge interruption method for ceramic module ferrules according to claim 1, characterized in that: Definition of longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance abrupt change rate: The complex impedance of the ferrule module along the current axis path. The rate of change in a very short time The expression is: .

3. The surge interruption method for ceramic module ferrules according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nonlinear capacitive transfer factor and the longitudinal equivalent coupling impedance mutation rate are converted into a comprehensive feature vector. The comprehensive feature vector is used as the input of the machine learning model. The machine learning model uses the predicted value label of the surge boundary instability for each set of comprehensive feature vectors as the prediction objective and minimizes the sum of the prediction errors for all surge boundary instability prediction value labels as the training objective. The machine learning model is trained until the sum of prediction errors converges and the model training stops. The predicted value of surge boundary instability is determined based on the model output. The machine learning model is a multinomial regression model.

4. The surge interruption method for ceramic module ferrules according to claim 3, characterized in that: The obtained surge boundary instability prediction value is compared with a preset threshold. If the surge boundary instability prediction value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the ferrule unit is determined to be in a surge runaway edge state. The TTU thermal trip component is immediately activated to perform a module-level cut-off operation, and the break point location is synchronously recorded in the module identification code for subsequent inspection and replacement. If the surge boundary instability prediction value is less than the preset threshold, no adjustment is required.

5. The surge interruption method for ceramic module ferrules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The location and response time of the cut-off event are encoded and recorded in the memory guidance layer within the ceramic module, specifically as follows: While the thermal trip assembly triggers the cut-off action, the drive response detection circuit collects the position code and trigger timestamp of the current ferrule unit. The cut-off state signal is converted into a two-bit pulse-coded signal and injected into the memory guidance layer through a coupled piezoelectric channel; The memory guidance layer adopts a ceramic layer structure with ferroelectric hysteresis characteristics, and uses the controllable change of local polarization orientation to realize the physical writing of event information. During the system inspection phase, the polarization state is identified by non-contact electric field scanning, thereby decoding and obtaining information on the cut-off location and response time.

6. The surge interruption method for ceramic module ferrules according to claim 5, characterized in that: Automatic diagnostics, location tracking, and partial module replacement include: The system control unit periodically activates the non-contact electric field scanning array to read the polarization state of the memory guiding layer in each ceramic module ferrule unit and obtain the circuit breaker event marking information. By matching the polarization data with the module address index matrix, the specific module location and trigger time of the surge cutoff event can be reconstructed. Based on the cut location, a maintenance prompt instruction is generated, and the module that needs to be replaced is indicated via photoelectric tags or a graphical interface. After the replacement is completed, a rescan confirms that the markings have been cleared or reset.

Images