A method and device for capacitor power supply with double magnetic core complementary saturation

Abstract

The application discloses a capacitor power taking voltage stabilizing method and device with double magnetic core complementary saturation, and belongs to the technical field of capacitor power taking, which specifically comprises the following steps: extracting an alternating voltage signal through a capacitor voltage dividing unit, performing voltage isolation and preliminary voltage reduction on the extracted alternating voltage signal, inputting an isolated and reduced output signal into a complementary saturation leakage magnetic transformer composed of double magnetic cores, performing alternating energy conversion and magnetic flux stability control, rectifying and filtering an alternating voltage signal output by the leakage magnetic transformer, and outputting a constant direct current voltage through a voltage stabilizing circuit; while realizing high voltage isolation and voltage reduction, the application effectively disperses magnetic flux concentration, reduces the risk of core saturation, enhances transmission stability, realizes high stability of an output voltage under wide working conditions, and is suitable for power supply requirements of intelligent power distribution terminals in long-term stable operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of capacitor power extraction technology, specifically a capacitor power extraction and voltage stabilization method and device with dual magnetic core complementary saturation. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of distribution network automation, integrated primary and secondary equipment, and edge intelligent terminals in medium and high voltage transmission lines, new technical requirements have been placed on power supply systems that can operate stably, safely, and for extended periods. Especially in 10kV and above medium-voltage distribution networks, switch controllers, telemetry terminals, and online monitoring equipment are often deployed on overhead lines far from power sources, relying on readily available contactless energy harvesting technologies. Among these, capacitor-based power harvesting schemes, based on the principle of capacitive voltage division, have become a widely used contactless power harvesting method due to their simple structure, reliable insulation, and strong anti-resonance capabilities.

[0003] The basic principle of capacitor-based power extraction is to use capacitors to capacitively divide the voltage of high-voltage lines, introduce the high-voltage AC signal into the power extraction module after capacitive step-down, and then perform energy conversion, rectification, and voltage regulation through a leakage transformer to finally provide low-voltage DC power. However, existing technologies have the following problems: in the complex situation of high-voltage power grids, semiconductor devices are easily damaged, causing the power extraction function to fail. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a capacitor-based voltage regulation method and apparatus with dual magnetic cores and complementary saturation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A capacitor-based voltage regulation method with complementary saturation of dual magnetic cores includes:

[0007] AC voltage signal is extracted using a capacitor voltage divider unit;

[0008] The extracted AC voltage signal is subjected to voltage isolation and preliminary voltage reduction;

[0009] The isolated step-down output signal is input to a complementary saturated leakage flux transformer composed of two magnetic cores for AC energy conversion and magnetic flux stabilization control.

[0010] The AC voltage signal output from the leakage transformer is rectified and filtered, and a constant DC voltage is output through a voltage regulator circuit.

[0011] Specifically, the voltage isolation and preliminary voltage reduction of the extracted AC voltage signal includes:

[0012] The AC voltage signal is transmitted in the first capacitor path, and a second capacitor path is set in the first capacitor path, wherein the capacitive reactance value in the first capacitor path is greater than the capacitive reactance value in the second capacitor path.

[0013] A potential reference is established at a reference potential node parallel to the second capacitor path, forming an independent low-potential side electrical region;

[0014] Within the set operating frequency range, the voltage distribution ratio between the first and second capacitor paths is controlled by selecting capacitor components;

[0015] The capacitive reactance parameter of the second capacitor path is periodically adjusted so that the amplitude of the transmitted AC voltage signal is within the target step-down range.

[0016] Specifically, the step-down output signal is input to a complementary saturated leakage flux transformer composed of two magnetic cores for AC energy conversion and flux stabilization control, including:

[0017] In each AC cycle, excitation current is applied to the two magnetic cores respectively according to the polarity of the isolation step-down output signal, so that they are between the first saturation point and the sum of the first saturation point and the second saturation point;

[0018] Introducing a dead zone control period at the alternation point maintains the core in a transient unexcited state and reduces sudden changes in magnetic flux.

[0019] An amplitude-limited AC drive is applied to the excitation process of each magnetic core so that its maximum magnetic flux density is in the linear region of the preset hysteresis curve;

[0020] A single-cycle induction window is set in the leakage flux transformer coupling channel to transfer energy to the alternating magnetic flux difference components.

[0021] Specifically, the step of applying excitation current to the two magnetic cores respectively according to the polarity of the isolation step-down output signal in each AC cycle, such that it is between the first saturation point and the sum of the first saturation point and the second saturation point, includes:

[0022] The isolated step-down output signal is synchronously compared with the zero crossover point in every half cycle to generate the first excitation trigger signal;

[0023] The polarity and amplitude of the excitation current of the first magnetic core are controlled according to the first excitation trigger signal, so that it continues to rise to the magnetic flux saturation boundary within the current polarity range.

[0024] Based on a half-cycle delay of the first excitation trigger signal, a second excitation trigger signal is generated and applied to the excitation control channel of the second magnetic core.

[0025] When the first magnetic core is in the demagnetization zone, a magnetizing current for the second magnetic core is generated and guided into the second magnetic core;

[0026] Adjacent non-overlapping buffer segments are set between the excitation cycle switching of the first and second magnetic cores.

[0027] Specifically, when the excitation current is applied, the integral of the magnetic flux of the magnetic core satisfies the conditions of symmetrical amplitude and opposite direction.

[0028] Specifically, the step of setting a single-cycle induction window in the leakage flux transformer coupling channel to transfer energy from alternating flux difference components includes:

[0029] The periodic boundary of the complementary excitation period is determined, and the excitation polarity reversal point is extracted as the starting reference of the induction window.

[0030] A fixed duration of induction allowance interval is set at each flux reversal point, so that the coupling channel transmits alternating flux changes only within this interval;

[0031] Suppress the conduction of induced energy outside the allowable range of induction, and derive the magnetic flux difference component of each induction window in a single polarity direction;

[0032] The amplitude of the magnetic flux difference sequence in a continuous induction cycle is compared, and energy transfers exceeding the average deviation threshold are eliminated.

[0033] Specifically, the rectification and filtering of the AC voltage signal output from the leakage transformer, and the output of a constant DC voltage through a voltage regulator circuit, includes:

[0034] The AC voltage signal output by the leakage transformer is divided into a positive half-cycle segment and a negative half-cycle segment within each AC cycle.

[0035] The rising edge portion of the voltage waveform is acquired during each positive half-cycle and converted into a unidirectional current.

[0036] In each negative half-cycle, the falling edge portion of the voltage waveform is acquired, and its polarity is reversed and integrated with the current acquired in the positive half-cycle into a unidirectional current with the same direction.

[0037] The integrated unidirectional current is fed into the integral charge accumulation module at the end of each cycle, and the current is superimposed periodically to form a continuous voltage output.

[0038] Threshold tracking and reference voltage control are applied to the charge integral waveform within a continuous period to control the output voltage within a preset range of the periodic average level.

[0039] Specifically, the step of introducing the integrated unidirectional current into an integral charge accumulation module at the end of each cycle, and then superimposing it periodically to form a continuous voltage output, includes:

[0040] At the end of each rectification cycle, a charge introduction trigger signal synchronized with the cycle boundary is generated;

[0041] Based on the charge import trigger signal, the integrated unidirectional current is controlled to enter the charge storage path, and an integration time window is initialized.

[0042] Within the integration time window, the integrated unidirectional current is converted into a charge accumulation and superimposed on the charge reference amount retained at the end of the previous cycle.

[0043] After the integration time window closes, the current charge state is frozen and used as the initial level for the voltage output in the next cycle.

[0044] Threshold tracking is performed on the charge superposition process over multiple consecutive cycles, and the average potential reference is updated within each complete cycle.

[0045] A capacitor-driven voltage regulator with dual magnetic cores and complementary saturation is used to implement the aforementioned capacitor-driven voltage regulator method with dual magnetic cores and complementary saturation. The device includes: a voltage extraction module, a preliminary processing module, a conversion and stabilization module, and a processing output module.

[0046] The voltage extraction module is used to extract AC voltage signals through a capacitor voltage divider unit;

[0047] The preliminary processing module is used to perform voltage isolation and preliminary voltage reduction on the extracted AC voltage signal;

[0048] The conversion and stabilization module is used to input the isolated step-down output signal into a complementary saturated leakage magnetic transformer composed of two magnetic cores to perform AC energy conversion and magnetic flux stabilization control.

[0049] The processing output module is used to rectify and filter the AC voltage signal output by the leakage transformer, and output a constant DC voltage through a voltage regulator circuit.

[0050] Specifically, the transformation and stabilization module includes: an excitation unit, an AC application unit, and an energy transfer unit;

[0051] The excitation unit is used to apply excitation current to the two magnetic cores respectively according to the polarity of the isolation step-down output signal in each AC cycle, so that it is between the first saturation point and the sum of the first saturation point and the second saturation point;

[0052] The AC application unit is used to apply an amplitude-limited AC drive to each magnetic core during the excitation process, so that its maximum magnetic flux density is in the linear region of the preset hysteresis curve.

[0053] The energy transfer unit is used to set a single-cycle induction window in the leakage flux transformer coupling channel to transfer energy from the alternating magnetic flux difference components.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0055] This invention proposes a capacitor-based power extraction and voltage regulation method and device with dual-core complementary saturation. It extracts AC signals from medium- and high-voltage lines using a high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit and introduces a leakage transformer with a dual-core complementary excitation structure. This allows the two cores to alternately enter the saturation region within the AC cycle. Combined with a periodically defined rectification and filtering mechanism and a charge integration voltage regulation mechanism, a closed-loop control energy extraction path is constructed. This method effectively disperses magnetic flux concentration, reduces the risk of core saturation, and enhances the stability of magnetic energy transmission while achieving high voltage isolation and voltage reduction. Combined with dynamic charge adjustment control, it achieves high output voltage stability under a wide range of operating conditions, exhibits good anti-resonance capability, strong load adaptability, and high voltage output accuracy, making it suitable for the power supply needs of intelligent power distribution terminals requiring long-term stable operation. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 A flowchart of a capacitor-based voltage regulation method with complementary saturation of dual magnetic cores provided by the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 The power extraction principle diagram provided for this invention;

[0058] Figure 3 The structural diagram of the leakage flux transformer provided by the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 This invention provides an architecture diagram of a capacitor-driven voltage regulator with dual magnetic cores and complementary saturation. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application. These all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0061] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0062] It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the various features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other, all of which are within the protection scope of this application. Furthermore, although functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram and a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this application do not limit the data or execution order, but only distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect.

[0063] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Please see Figures 1-3 The present invention provides an embodiment of a capacitor-based voltage regulation method with complementary saturation of dual magnetic cores, comprising the following specific steps:

[0066] Step S1: Extract the AC voltage signal through the capacitor voltage divider unit.

[0067] In this embodiment, two capacitors are connected in series between any phase line of the 10kV distribution line and the reference ground. The high-voltage capacitor is connected to the line side, and the low-voltage capacitor is connected to the ground side. The voltage divider signal is led out from the connection node between the two capacitors. According to the law that the capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the voltage in the AC circuit, the high-voltage end will bear most of the power frequency voltage. Since the capacitive element itself does not conduct DC and does not form a closed current loop, no energy leap leakage will occur during signal transmission. Therefore, the original signal frequency characteristics are preserved while realizing the amplitude voltage drop.

[0068] Step S2: Perform voltage isolation and preliminary voltage reduction on the extracted AC voltage signal.

[0069] The specific steps of step S2 are as follows:

[0070] Step S201: Transmit the AC voltage signal in the first capacitor path, and set a second capacitor path in the first capacitor path, wherein the capacitive reactance value in the first capacitor path is greater than the capacitive reactance value in the second capacitor path.

[0071] In this embodiment, based on the influence of capacitive reactance on voltage in AC circuits, the capacitive reactance value is inversely proportional to the capacitance value. At a fixed frequency, the smaller the capacitance value of a branch, the greater its capacitive reactance. The second capacitor path is set to a smaller capacitor, making its capacitive reactance lower than that of the first capacitor path. During voltage distribution, the voltage drop formed on this path is smaller, and the first capacitor path obtains the main signal energy. Under this configuration, the first capacitor path becomes the main energy channel, while the second capacitor path constructs a stable low-potential reference, improving the overall signal isolation and the spectral integrity of the output signal.

[0072] Step S202: Establish a potential reference at the reference potential node parallel to the second capacitor path to form an independent low-potential side electrical region.

[0073] In this embodiment, by stably anchoring the node connected in parallel at the end of the second capacitor path to the ground potential, the entire low-voltage side electrical structure can obtain a fixed reference, thereby making the intermediate output of the first capacitor path a stable AC signal point.

[0074] Reference potential nodes are typically connected to the equipment's metal base plate or shielding layer via a high-insulation-strength grounding lead, while not participating in the main current path in the electrical topology, only providing a potential reference function.

[0075] Step S203: Within the set operating frequency range, control the voltage distribution ratio between the first and second capacitor paths by selecting capacitor elements.

[0076] In this embodiment, capacitor selection is based on capacitive reactance control. Under known operating frequency conditions, the static capacitance values ​​of the first capacitor path capacitor and the second capacitor path capacitor are determined respectively. On this basis, their temperature drift and frequency response errors are corrected to ensure that the two paths maintain a constant capacitive reactance ratio throughout the entire operating frequency band. Under steady-state AC, the voltage distribution of the two series capacitors is inversely proportional to their respective capacitive reactances. The capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the capacitance and the operating frequency. Once the operating frequency is determined, the capacitive reactance ratio is completely determined by the capacitance value. By increasing the capacitance value of the first capacitor path to reduce its capacitive reactance, and at the same time setting the capacitance of the second capacitor path to be relatively small to increase its capacitive reactance, most of the voltage drops on the path with higher capacitive reactance, thereby achieving precise amplitude control.

[0077] Step S204: Periodically adjust the capacitive reactance parameter of the second capacitor path so that the amplitude of the transmitted AC voltage signal is within the target step-down range.

[0078] In this embodiment, the second capacitor path is formed by connecting multiple capacitor branches in parallel. Based on the measured output voltage deviation signal, different branch combinations are switched in each power frequency cycle or an integer multiple of the cycle to change the equivalent capacitance and realize capacitive reactance adjustment. This adjustment is performed with a fixed frequency as a reference to avoid interfering with the continuity of the main signal waveform.

[0079] Based on the inverse relationship between capacitive reactance frequency and capacitance, in an AC system, the amplitude of the output signal is determined by the capacitive reactance ratio of the two capacitors in the capacitor series voltage divider network. When the output voltage is detected to deviate from the target range, the total capacitive reactance can be changed by connecting or disconnecting the parallel capacitor group in the second capacitor path, thereby adjusting the overall voltage division ratio. By introducing a periodic capacitive reactance adjustment mechanism, voltage drift can be dynamically compensated, realizing the output control closed loop under the passive voltage divider method without the need to introduce an active power supply or feedback amplification components.

[0080] Step S3: Input the isolated step-down output signal into the complementary saturated leakage transformer composed of two magnetic cores to perform AC energy conversion and magnetic flux stabilization control.

[0081] like Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps of step S3 are as follows:

[0082] Step S301: In each AC cycle, apply excitation current to the two magnetic cores respectively according to the polarity of the isolation step-down output signal, so that they are between the first saturation point and the sum of the first saturation point and the second saturation point.

[0083] In this embodiment, when the primary high-voltage capacitor current rises to the point where the magnetization intensity meets the first saturation point, the transformer induced voltage reaches the peak operating voltage and stops rising. If the primary high-voltage capacitor current continues to rise, the primary leakage current increases due to the saturation of the first magnetic core; however, the presence of the second magnetic core keeps the transformer induced voltage constant. Before the primary high-voltage capacitor current rises to the point where both the first and second magnetic cores saturate, the transformer induced voltage remains stable. If the primary high-voltage capacitor current continues to rise further, the transformer protection circuit short-circuits the transformer.

[0084] like Figure 3 As shown, a leakage flux transformer structure adopts a dual-core complementary arrangement, with the first and second cores forming a non-closed magnetic circuit to complete magnetic flux transfer and energy induction output under alternating excitation control. The leakage flux transformer includes: a first core and a second core, located on opposite sides of the transformer structure and magnetically uncoupled, serving as two independent excitation path units; and secondary windings A1 and A2, wound on the induction branches corresponding to the first and second cores, respectively. Both windings are independently configured and ultimately converge at the output rectifier circuit to integrate the induced energy.

[0085] The specific steps of step S301 are as follows:

[0086] Step S3011: Synchronously compare the isolated step-down output signal with the zero crossover point in each half-cycle to generate the first excitation trigger signal.

[0087] In this embodiment, the AC voltage signal after isolation and step-down is sent to the synchronization detection module. Based on the zero crossover point of each half cycle, it is compared with the set reference phase to generate the corresponding first excitation trigger signal. This trigger signal serves as a control command to drive the starting point of the excitation process of the first magnetic core in the complementary magnetic core and determine the time window for it to enter the excitation section. Specifically, the positive and negative polarity reversal position is detected by the voltage polarity change of the sampled signal. Combined with phase-locked logic, a synchronization pulse relative to the edge of the voltage waveform is formed, thereby ensuring that the excitation control is consistent with the phase of the main AC waveform.

[0088] Step S3012: Control the polarity and amplitude of the excitation current of the first magnetic core according to the first excitation trigger signal, so that it continues to rise to the magnetic flux saturation boundary within the current polarity range.

[0089] In this embodiment, based on the first excitation trigger signal generated in the previous step, an excitation current with a specific polarity and controlled amplitude is applied to the first magnetic core. The direction of the applied current is consistent with the polarity of the current input AC waveform, and the amplitude is limited according to the preset magnetic core saturation characteristic curve, so that the magnetic core gradually enters the magnetic flux rising region from the initial magnetic flux state in the polarity range, and finally approaches the saturation point at the end of the half cycle. The current amplitude control is achieved by modulating the output of the excitation source or setting a current limiting circuit.

[0090] Based on the monotonically increasing function relationship between magnetic flux and excitation current, under certain permeability conditions, the amplitude of the excitation current determines the increase in magnetic flux per unit time. By applying a current with the same polarity as the input waveform at the beginning of the excitation cycle and continuously maintaining its direction unchanged, a consistent magnetization path is established within half a cycle. The maximum value of the excitation current is set according to the upper limit of the saturated magnetic flux density of the magnetic core to avoid entering the asymmetric saturation region.

[0091] Step S3013: Based on the half-cycle delay of the first excitation trigger signal, generate a second excitation trigger signal and apply it to the excitation control channel of the second magnetic core.

[0092] In this embodiment, the first excitation trigger signal is used as a time reference. By setting a delay time of half an AC cycle as a phase offset, a second excitation trigger signal is generated. This signal is offset from the first excitation signal by 180 degrees on the time axis, ensuring that the two sets of excitation control channels alternate within the whole cycle.

[0093] In one complete cycle of an AC signal, the two magnetic cores respectively undertake the task of transferring magnetic energy in the positive and negative half cycles. The first excitation trigger signal marks the starting point of the positive half cycle of the current AC waveform. After a delay of half a cycle, it will inevitably correspond to the starting point of the negative half cycle. Thus, the artificial replacement of the excitation phase of the magnetic core is realized. In this way, the working ranges of the two magnetic cores do not overlap and are always synchronized with the phase of the input voltage, thereby completing the magnetic flux alternation closed loop in each AC cycle.

[0094] Step S3014: When the first magnetic core is in the demagnetization zone, generate the excitation current of the second magnetic core and guide it into the second magnetic core.

[0095] In this embodiment, when the first magnetic core completes its excitation cycle and enters the flux release stage, i.e., when it is in the demagnetization interval, the excitation current output of the second magnetic core is started. The excitation current has the same polarity as the current AC signal and the opposite direction to the previous excitation direction of the first magnetic core. Delayed trigger control is adopted. After the flux decrease rate of the first magnetic core meets the threshold condition, the amplitude of the excitation current of the second magnetic core is gradually increased to guide it to continuously enter the second magnetic core from the initial flux state, so as to ensure continuous flux conversion throughout the entire cycle.

[0096] The complementary saturation strategy requires two magnetic cores to undertake the flux conversion task of the positive and negative half cycles respectively within the cycle. While one magnetic core is demagnetizing, the other magnetic core needs to be started to enter the excitation process. The key to this switching process is to control the excitation timing boundary between the magnetic cores to ensure that one core completely exits the main flux path before the other core enters the main excitation stage, thus preventing flux offset or hysteresis integral deviation caused by magnetic circuit overlap.

[0097] Step S3015: Set adjacent non-overlapping buffer segments between the excitation cycle switching of the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core.

[0098] In this embodiment, to prevent magnetic flux overlap between the first and second magnetic cores during excitation switching, a non-overlapping buffer time window is set at the boundary of the excitation cycles of the two magnetic cores. This buffer segment is divided according to the power frequency cycle and dynamically inserted. Its duration is less than half a cycle but covers the residual magnetic flux release process. During this period, neither magnetic core receives excitation drive and the excitation channel remains closed, allowing the previously excited magnetic core to complete the magnetic flux fallback, and the subsequent excited magnetic core to enter the magnetization region later, thus dividing an excitation gap on the time axis.

[0099] Step S302: Introduce a dead zone control period at the alternation point to maintain the core in a transient non-excitation state and reduce the sudden change in magnetic flux.

[0100] In this embodiment, if the two sets of excitation waveforms are switched directly without interruption during the alternating excitation process of the magnetic device, the rate of change of magnetic flux will change abruptly at the switching point, which will induce eddy currents inside the magnetic core or cause output voltage pulses. By setting a precise and controllable dead zone between the two excitation cycles, the magnetic flux inside the magnetic core decays smoothly during the de-excitation process, making the change of magnetic flux at the switching point closer to a continuous function, thereby improving the time-domain smoothness and waveform controllability of magnetic energy transfer.

[0101] Step S303: Apply an amplitude-limited AC drive to each magnetic core during the excitation process so that its maximum magnetic flux density is in the linear region of the preset hysteresis curve.

[0102] In this embodiment, the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core material has an approximately linear response characteristic in the low flux density range, that is, the change in permeability is small and the excitation current is linearly related to the flux density; however, when approaching the saturation region, the permeability drops rapidly, the flux growth tends to saturate, and the linear characteristic is lost. If the excitation waveform enters this nonlinear region, it will lead to uncontrolled flux modulation and distortion of the output waveform. By actively limiting the amplitude of the excitation waveform, it is beneficial to achieve high-precision flux control and low-distortion output.

[0103] Step S304: Set a single-cycle induction window in the leakage flux transformer coupling channel to transfer energy to the alternating magnetic flux difference components.

[0104] The specific steps of step S304 are as follows:

[0105] Step S3041: Determine the period boundary of the complementary excitation period and extract the excitation polarity reversal point as the starting reference of the induction window.

[0106] In this embodiment, by monitoring the changing trend of the excitation current direction, its zero-crossing position is identified as an indirect marker of flux reversal. At the same time, the time point is timestamped and calibrated as the induction start reference for the current cycle. This reference signal will serve as the trigger point for rectification control and induction sampling, forming a periodically consistent induction closed loop.

[0107] In a dual-core complementary excitation structure, each core enters a demagnetized state at the end of its excitation cycle, accompanied by a reversal of the magnetic flux direction. Since there is a fixed coupling relationship between the excitation current and the direction of magnetic flux change, the excitation polarity reversal point can be used to accurately derive the time boundary of the magnetic flux reversal. By extracting this excitation polarity reversal point, a stable induction start reference can be obtained without relying on a magnetic flux sensor, improving the real-time performance and reliability of the control.

[0108] Step S3042: Set a fixed duration of induction allowable interval at each magnetic flux reversal point, so that the coupling channel transmits alternating magnetic flux changes only within this interval.

[0109] In this embodiment, when a magnetic flux reversal point is detected, an induction allowance interval with a fixed duration is opened, so that the transformer coupling channel only works within this set window. This interval is set by a timer to a period of less than half an excitation cycle, controlling the on / off logic of the rectifier branch or induction channel. Only alternating magnetic flux is allowed to couple to the output side within this window. Although the magnetic flux changes outside the window, the induction path is disconnected or suppressed to avoid unnecessary induction caused by non-target magnetic flux segments.

[0110] Based on the relationship between magnetic flux change and induced voltage, in the complementary magnetic core working mode, the rate of magnetic flux change is most obvious near the reversal point, which is the main section of the output induced voltage. In the stable magnetic flux region far from the reversal point, the rate of magnetic flux change approaches zero, the induced contribution weakens, and it will introduce distorted or misleading waveforms. By limiting a fixed induction window, the effective magnetic flux fluctuation can be intercepted.

[0111] Step S3043: Suppress the conduction of induced energy outside the induced range and export the magnetic flux difference component of each induced window in a single polarity direction.

[0112] In this embodiment, the induction path is closed outside the induction allowable range to prevent energy conduction. At the same time, in each opened induction window, the change in magnetic flux of the magnetic core is converted into a voltage signal. After passing through the polarity selection mechanism, only the component along a single direction is retained for output. This polarity selection process is completed through a rectifier bridge or unidirectional conduction control, so that regardless of whether the magnetic flux increases or decreases within the cycle, only the magnetic flux difference in one direction is extracted to participate in the energy output, while the other directions are suppressed through short-circuit return current.

[0113] The magnetic induction voltage is directly related to the rate of change of magnetic flux. During the reversal of magnetic flux, there will be bidirectional changes. If no processing is done, the rectifier output terminal will be subjected to bipolar voltages, causing repeated charging and discharging and filtering impacts. Performing unidirectional polarity extraction within the induction range is essentially folding half of the bidirectional alternating magnetic flux change to a unified direction, thus achieving unipolar energy integration.

[0114] Step S3044: Compare the amplitude of the magnetic flux difference sequence in the continuous induction cycle and remove energy transfers that exceed the average deviation threshold.

[0115] In this embodiment, the amplitude of the magnetic flux difference sequence extracted from multiple consecutive induction cycles is sampled, and its average value is calculated in a sliding window manner. Then, the amplitude of the magnetic flux difference in each cycle is compared with the average value. If the deviation exceeds the set threshold, the output of the induction quantity of that cycle to the next stage is prohibited, or the rectified energy path is cut off to avoid abnormal energy injection. This operation does not rely on magnetic flux measurement hardware and is only processed through the shaped induction signal.

[0116] Under ideal complementary excitation conditions, the difference fluctuation of the induced magnetic flux in each cycle should be symmetrically distributed around a stable mean. In actual operation, factors such as iron loss, temperature drift, residual magnetism, excitation asymmetry, or external electromagnetic interference can cause abnormal amplification or reduction of the amplitude of the induced fluctuation in certain cycles, thereby disrupting the load matching relationship of the downstream voltage regulation system. By introducing a deviation threshold, only the induced quantity with an amplitude within the dynamic average range is allowed to participate in rectification and conversion, thereby achieving rapid isolation of occasional disturbances and maintaining the balance and waveform consistency of the energy transfer process.

[0117] Step S4: The AC voltage signal output from the leakage transformer is rectified and filtered, and a constant DC voltage is output through the voltage regulator circuit.

[0118] The specific steps of step S4 are as follows:

[0119] Step S401: Divide the AC voltage signal output by the leakage transformer into a positive half-cycle segment and a negative half-cycle segment within each AC cycle.

[0120] In this embodiment, for the AC voltage signal output by the leakage transformer, the polarity of the signal waveform is detected within each complete operating frequency cycle. The current half-cycle or negative half-cycle is determined based on the zero-crossing point, and the entire cycle signal is divided into two segments. Specifically, by monitoring the polarity change trend of the voltage signal on the time axis, the zero potential crossover point is used as the dividing mark, and the instantaneous time points when the voltage changes from negative to positive and from positive to negative are recorded to construct a precise cycle division.

[0121] Based on the polarity change characteristics of the sinusoidal wave at the operating frequency within one cycle, the output voltage of the transformer is essentially an AC waveform that changes with time. It achieves polarity reversal at each zero-crossing point, dividing the full-cycle signal into positive and negative half-cycle segments. This helps to determine the switching timing of the rectifier device's conduction path and also provides boundary information for symmetry processing in inductive control.

[0122] Step S402: Acquire the rising edge portion of the voltage waveform signal in each positive half-cycle and convert it into unidirectional current.

[0123] In this embodiment, after the start of each positive half-cycle, the identification and sampling of the rising edge voltage waveform is initiated by a zero-crossing synchronization signal. The sampling window in this stage starts from the change of voltage from zero to positive and continues until it ends near the peak of the positive half-wave. The collected voltage signal is then transferred to a unidirectional conduction channel through polarity judgment logic and converted into a current output with a fixed direction through a rectifier circuit or charge guiding circuit. The rectification process adopts a controllable conduction method to realize the effective charge injection from only the rising segment of the positive half-cycle.

[0124] The rising edge of the positive half-cycle represents the process of magnetic flux increasing from negative to zero and then to positive. During this period, the rate of change of magnetic flux is large, and the amplitude of the induced voltage signal rises rapidly, exhibiting high energy density characteristics. By limiting the rectifier trigger window to this rising stage, the energy carried by the high slope segment can be extracted in a concentrated manner, while avoiding mis-conduction in the hysteresis interval after the voltage approaches the peak, thereby improving the response speed and waveform regularity of the output current.

[0125] Step S403: Acquire the falling edge portion of the voltage waveform signal in each negative half-cycle, and after reversing its polarity, integrate it with the current acquired in the positive half-cycle into a unidirectional current with the same direction.

[0126] In this embodiment, after entering the negative half-cycle, a voltage jump from zero to negative is detected, and a falling edge sampling window is opened. This window covers the section where the absolute value of the voltage increases, that is, the stage where the magnetic flux direction reverses and accelerates. The negative voltage signal collected in this interval is reversed by the polarity reversal module and converted into a unidirectional current component with the same direction as the current in the positive half-cycle. Subsequently, this unidirectional current and the unidirectional current generated in the positive half-cycle are interleaved and integrated in the rectifier output branch to achieve the consistency of the current direction within the cycle.

[0127] Step S404: The integrated unidirectional current is introduced into the integral charge accumulation module at the end of each cycle, and the current is superimposed periodically to form a continuous voltage output.

[0128] The specific steps of step S404 are as follows:

[0129] Step S4041: After each rectification cycle ends, a charge introduction trigger signal synchronized with the cycle boundary is generated.

[0130] In this embodiment, at the end of each AC rectification cycle, a charge-introduction trigger signal, strictly aligned with the cycle boundary, is generated based on the identified end of the negative half-cycle or the start of the next positive half-cycle. This signal is a narrow pulse or switching control logic, serving as the charge-guiding instruction for the subsequent integral energy storage module. The identification of the cycle boundary employs an edge-locked mechanism synchronized with zero crossover, ensuring that the trigger signal stably appears at the same time reference point within each power frequency cycle.

[0131] Step S4042: Based on the charge import trigger signal, control the integrated unidirectional current to enter the charge storage path and initialize an integration time window.

[0132] In this embodiment, the charge introduction trigger signal generated at the end of the previous cycle is used as a control command to drive the current guiding module to open the energy storage channel, allowing the integrated unidirectional current to flow into the charge storage path. This path typically includes a set of parallel energy storage elements, such as a capacitor network or an integral charge accumulator. The trigger signal simultaneously starts the integral control logic, initializing a charge accumulation time window with a controlled duration. Within this window, the rectified current is restricted to conduction in the energy storage circuit. The control unit defines the start and end points of the integral process through pulse width modulation, channel switching, or current gating to ensure the controllability and consistency of charge introduction in each cycle.

[0133] Step S4043: Within the integration time window, convert the integrated unidirectional current into a charge accumulation and add it to the charge reference amount retained at the end of the previous cycle.

[0134] In this embodiment, within the integration time window, the integrated unidirectional current is guided into the energy storage path, and converted into an equivalent charge through time integration. This charge is then superimposed on the residual charge reference amount at the end of the previous cycle at the capacitor node. This process is monitored in real time by the charge accumulation control logic to ensure that the total charge input in the current cycle and the residual charge amount in the previous cycle jointly determine the current voltage level. In specific execution, the energy storage element behaves as a time integrator. The duration and amplitude of the current input jointly determine the amount of charge change accumulated. The integration process acts on the original reference charge in a linear superposition form.

[0135] Step S4044: Freeze the current charge state after the integration time window is closed, and use the charge state as the initial level of the voltage output in the next cycle.

[0136] In this embodiment, when the integration time window ends, the charge input channel is closed, and the charge state accumulated in the energy storage element is locked. This freezing operation is achieved by disconnecting the input current path or forcibly pulling the input terminal into a high-impedance state, so that the charge no longer continues to increase or dissipate. The amount of charge after freezing forms a stable potential reference, which serves as the initial level of the DC output voltage at the beginning of the next AC rectification cycle. This state does not participate in the charge input process of subsequent cycles until the next integration cycle starts and updates the energy storage state.

[0137] Step S4045: Perform threshold tracking on the charge superposition process for multiple consecutive cycles, and update the average potential reference within each complete cycle.

[0138] In this embodiment, the charge superposition results within multiple consecutive rectification cycles are subjected to threshold tracking processing. Specifically, after each rectification cycle, the potential value corresponding to the frozen charge state is read to form a periodic output voltage sequence. This sequence is dynamically analyzed by a moving average algorithm or a recursive filter to extract the average potential trend under stable operation as a benchmark output. This benchmark is updated once in each complete cycle.

[0139] Since the input magnetic flux, induced waveform and load conditions may undergo slight disturbances over time, the single-cycle charge accumulation result will show slight fluctuations in multiple cycles. If the end potential of each cycle is directly used as the voltage regulation feedback reference, it will cause hypersensitive response or sluggish adjustment. After introducing the threshold tracking mechanism, by calculating the deviation trend between the average value of the cycle potential and the set threshold, it is possible to identify whether the system is operating in a stable equilibrium region within a certain range.

[0140] Step S405: Perform threshold tracking and reference voltage control on the charge integral waveform within a continuous period to control the output voltage within a preset range of the periodic average level.

[0141] In this embodiment, the voltage corresponding to the charge frozen in each cycle is used as a discrete sampling point input to form a voltage trajectory that evolves over time. The control logic constructs the cycle average level under the current operating state through moving average, exponential weighting, or fixed-cycle statistical analysis. This average level is used as the reference for the voltage control center, and a pair of upper and lower deviation tolerances are set to form a dynamic limiting range. When it is found that the output voltage tends to exceed this preset range, the charge introduction amount, integral time, or rectifier channel opening of the next cycle is suppressed or compensated and adjusted to keep the actual output within an acceptable fluctuation range.

[0142] like Figure 2 As shown, in the high-voltage input section, the AC input is... kV, C1 is a series capacitor, which is the main current limiting / voltage step-down capacitor and is connected in series with the power supply. C2 is a bypass capacitor, connected to ground, which is the secondary path. Together with C1, it forms a capacitor voltage divider network to achieve voltage pre-distribution. The reactor L is connected in series in the main circuit to suppress inrush current. The leakage transformer T transfers AC energy from the high-potential side capacitor network to the low-potential side, while achieving electrical isolation. The sum of the leakage reactance of the reactor and the leakage transformer compensates for the sum of the capacitive reactance of the voltage divider capacitors C1 and C2, so that even when the protection rectifier and voltage regulator circuit is not connected and under no-load conditions, the AC voltage can be output normally without overvoltage. The protection rectifier and voltage regulator circuit ensures the stability of the DC output voltage, outputting a stable DC voltage of DC28V.

[0143] Example 2

[0144] Please see Figure 4 Another embodiment of the present invention provides: a capacitor power extraction and voltage regulation device with dual magnetic core complementary saturation, comprising: a voltage extraction module, a preliminary processing module, a conversion and stabilization module, and a processing output module;

[0145] The voltage extraction module is used to extract AC voltage signals through a capacitor voltage divider unit;

[0146] The preliminary processing module is used to perform voltage isolation and preliminary voltage reduction on the extracted AC voltage signal;

[0147] The conversion and stabilization module is used to input the isolated step-down output signal into a complementary saturated leakage magnetic transformer composed of two magnetic cores to perform AC energy conversion and magnetic flux stabilization control.

[0148] The processing output module is used to rectify and filter the AC voltage signal output by the leakage transformer, and output a constant DC voltage through a voltage regulator circuit.

[0149] The transformation and stabilization module includes: an excitation unit, an AC application unit, and an energy transfer unit;

[0150] The excitation unit is used to apply excitation current to the two magnetic cores respectively according to the polarity of the isolation step-down output signal in each AC cycle, so that it is between the first saturation point and the sum of the first saturation point and the second saturation point;

[0151] The AC application unit is used to apply an amplitude-limited AC drive to each magnetic core during the excitation process, so that its maximum magnetic flux density is in the linear region of the preset hysteresis curve.

[0152] The energy transfer unit is used to set a single-cycle induction window in the leakage flux transformer coupling channel to transfer energy from the alternating magnetic flux difference components.

[0153] In addition, the parts of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application that are consistent with the implementation principles of the corresponding technical solutions in the prior art have not been described in detail, so as to avoid excessive elaboration.

[0154] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for voltage regulation using a capacitor with complementary saturation and dual magnetic cores, characterized in that, include: AC voltage signal is extracted using a capacitor voltage divider unit; The extracted AC voltage signal is subjected to voltage isolation and preliminary voltage reduction; The isolated step-down output signal is input to a complementary saturated leakage flux transformer composed of two magnetic cores for AC energy conversion and magnetic flux stabilization control. The AC voltage signal output from the leakage transformer is rectified and filtered, and a constant DC voltage is output through a voltage regulator circuit. The process of voltage isolation and preliminary voltage reduction of the extracted AC voltage signal includes: The AC voltage signal is transmitted in the first capacitor path, and a second capacitor path is set in the first capacitor path, wherein the capacitive reactance value in the first capacitor path is greater than the capacitive reactance value in the second capacitor path. A potential reference is established at a reference potential node parallel to the second capacitor path, forming an independent low-potential side electrical region; Within the set operating frequency range, the voltage distribution ratio between the first and second capacitor paths is controlled by selecting capacitor components; Periodically adjust the capacitive reactance parameter of the second capacitor path so that the amplitude of the transmitted AC voltage signal is within the target voltage drop range; The step-down output signal is input to a complementary saturated leakage flux transformer composed of two magnetic cores for AC energy conversion and magnetic flux stabilization control, including: In each AC cycle, excitation current is applied to the two magnetic cores respectively according to the polarity of the isolation step-down output signal, so that they are between the first saturation point and the sum of the first saturation point and the second saturation point; Introducing a dead zone control period at the alternation point maintains the core in a transient unexcited state and reduces sudden changes in magnetic flux. An amplitude-limited AC drive is applied to the excitation process of each magnetic core so that its maximum magnetic flux density is in the linear region of the preset hysteresis curve; A single-cycle induction window is set in the leakage flux transformer coupling channel to transfer energy to the alternating magnetic flux difference components. The step of setting a single-cycle induction window in the leakage flux transformer coupling channel to transfer energy to the alternating flux difference components includes: The periodic boundary of the complementary excitation period is determined, and the excitation polarity reversal point is extracted as the starting reference of the induction window. A fixed duration of induction allowance interval is set at each flux reversal point, so that the coupling channel transmits alternating flux changes only within this interval; Suppress the conduction of induced energy outside the allowable range of induction, and derive the magnetic flux difference component of each induction window in a single polarity direction; The amplitude of the magnetic flux difference sequence in a continuous induction cycle is compared, and energy transfers exceeding the average deviation threshold are eliminated.

2. The capacitor-based voltage regulation method with complementary saturation of dual magnetic cores as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of applying excitation current to the two magnetic cores according to the polarity of the isolation step-down output signal within each AC cycle, such that the current is between the first saturation point and the sum of the first and second saturation points, includes: The isolated step-down output signal is synchronously compared with the zero crossover point in every half cycle to generate the first excitation trigger signal; The polarity and amplitude of the excitation current of the first magnetic core are controlled according to the first excitation trigger signal, so that it continues to rise to the magnetic flux saturation boundary within the current polarity range. Based on a half-cycle delay of the first excitation trigger signal, a second excitation trigger signal is generated and applied to the excitation control channel of the second magnetic core. When the first magnetic core is in the demagnetization zone, a magnetizing current for the second magnetic core is generated and guided into the second magnetic core; Adjacent non-overlapping buffer segments are set between the excitation cycle switching of the first and second magnetic cores.

3. The capacitor-based voltage regulation method with complementary saturation of dual magnetic cores as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When an excitation current is applied, the integral of the magnetic flux in the magnetic core satisfies the conditions of symmetrical amplitude and opposite direction.

4. The capacitor-based voltage regulation method with complementary saturation of dual magnetic cores as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The process of rectifying and filtering the AC voltage signal output from the leakage transformer, and outputting a constant DC voltage through a voltage regulator circuit, includes: The AC voltage signal output by the leakage transformer is divided into a positive half-cycle segment and a negative half-cycle segment within each AC cycle. The rising edge portion of the voltage waveform is acquired during each positive half-cycle and converted into a unidirectional current. In each negative half-cycle, the falling edge portion of the voltage waveform is acquired, and its polarity is reversed and integrated with the current acquired in the positive half-cycle into a unidirectional current with the same direction. The integrated unidirectional current is fed into the integral charge accumulation module at the end of each cycle, and the current is superimposed periodically to form a continuous voltage output. Threshold tracking and reference voltage control are applied to the charge integral waveform within a continuous period to control the output voltage within a preset range of the periodic average level.

5. A capacitor-based voltage regulation method with complementary saturation of dual magnetic cores as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The process of introducing the integrated unidirectional current into an integral charge accumulation module at the end of each cycle, and then superimposing it periodically to form a continuous voltage output, includes: At the end of each rectification cycle, a charge introduction trigger signal synchronized with the cycle boundary is generated; Based on the charge import trigger signal, the integrated unidirectional current is controlled to enter the charge storage path, and an integration time window is initialized. Within the integration time window, the integrated unidirectional current is converted into a charge accumulation and superimposed on the charge reference amount retained at the end of the previous cycle. After the integration time window closes, the current charge state is frozen and used as the initial level for the voltage output in the next cycle. Threshold tracking is performed on the charge superposition process over multiple consecutive cycles, and the average potential reference is updated within each complete cycle.

6. A capacitor-based voltage regulator with complementary saturation of dual magnetic cores, used to implement the capacitor-based voltage regulator method with complementary saturation of dual magnetic cores as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: Voltage extraction module, preliminary processing module, conversion and stabilization module, and output processing module; The voltage extraction module is used to extract AC voltage signals through a capacitor voltage divider unit; The preliminary processing module is used to perform voltage isolation and preliminary voltage reduction on the extracted AC voltage signal; The conversion and stabilization module is used to input the isolated step-down output signal into a complementary saturated leakage magnetic transformer composed of two magnetic cores to perform AC energy conversion and magnetic flux stabilization control. The processing output module is used to rectify and filter the AC voltage signal output by the leakage transformer, and output a constant DC voltage through a voltage regulator circuit.

7. A capacitor-driven voltage regulator with complementary saturation of dual magnetic cores as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The transformation and stabilization module includes: an excitation unit, an AC application unit, and an energy transfer unit; The excitation unit is used to apply excitation current to the two magnetic cores respectively according to the polarity of the isolation step-down output signal in each AC cycle, so that it is between the first saturation point and the sum of the first saturation point and the second saturation point; The AC application unit is used to apply an amplitude-limited AC drive to each magnetic core during the excitation process, so that its maximum magnetic flux density is in the linear region of the preset hysteresis curve. The energy transfer unit is used to set a single-cycle induction window in the leakage flux transformer coupling channel to transfer energy from the alternating magnetic flux difference components.

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