Energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, preparation method thereof and application of energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst in promotion of coal combustion

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of coal combustion, and particularly relates to an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, a preparation method thereof and application of the energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst in promoting coal combustion. The catalyst comprises the following components in parts by weight: cerium oxide, an alkali metal and alkaline earth metal composite additive, an inorganic porous composite carrier, a structure stabilizing additive and a monatomic copper active nano silicon modified component. The catalyst prepared by the steps of dispersing, coating, synergistic assembling, roasting and the like has high oxygen storage property, low ignition temperature and excellent thermal stability. The catalyst can significantly improve the burn-off rate of coal and reduce CO2 emission, is suitable for coal-fired boilers, industrial kilns and other scenes, and is beneficial to achieving the goals of clean and efficient utilization of coal, energy conservation and emission reduction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal combustion technology, and particularly relates to an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, its preparation method, and its application in promoting coal combustion. Background Technology

[0002] Coal, as my country's primary energy source, has long dominated important sectors of the national economy such as power generation, metallurgy, chemicals, and building materials. However, traditional coal combustion methods generally suffer from prominent problems such as high energy consumption, incomplete combustion, and large emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. In recent years, although coal combustion efficiency has been improved to some extent through boiler structure modification and combustion process optimization, the improvement of coal combustion energy efficiency and carbon emission control still face significant challenges due to factors such as the complexity of coal types and the variability of actual operating environments.

[0003] In the exploration of promoting efficient coal combustion and reducing carbon emissions, rare earth catalysts have attracted attention due to their unique catalytic activity and good thermal stability. While existing coal combustion aids, energy-saving agents, or catalysts can improve coal combustion efficiency and reduce some pollutant emissions to a certain extent, several problems remain in practical applications: First, some aids have complex compositions and insufficient stability, and their catalytic activity easily decays under high-temperature combustion environments, resulting in unsustainable energy-saving and carbon-reducing effects; second, many traditional aids have poor adaptability to different coal types, especially under actual fuel conditions such as low-quality coal and high-ash coal, failing to effectively promote complete combustion and reduce carbon emissions; third, existing catalysts often neglect the uniformity of mixing with coal and the addition process, making it difficult to achieve a synergistic effect of combustion aid and carbon reduction during actual use, thus making it difficult to fully realize the theoretical energy-saving and carbon-reducing effects.

[0004] With increasingly stringent environmental standards, emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants from coal combustion are strictly limited, placing higher demands on combustion technology and its supporting materials. Currently, the market lacks energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalysts that can achieve both efficient combustion and carbon emission control under complex coal types and varying operating conditions. Furthermore, the high purity and proportioning requirements of raw materials in the preparation of some products lead to high production costs, hindering their promotion and application. Therefore, developing a rare earth catalyst with high catalytic activity, good thermal stability, strong applicability, controllable cost, and the ability to significantly improve coal combustion efficiency and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions has become a pressing technical challenge for the green and low-carbon transformation of the coal industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, its preparation method, and its application in promoting coal combustion. This invention aims to solve the problems of unsatisfactory energy-saving and carbon-reducing effects, poor adaptability to different coal types, and high costs of traditional coal additives. It achieves a significant improvement in energy efficiency and an effective reduction in carbon emissions such as carbon dioxide during coal combustion, thereby contributing to the green and low-carbon transformation of the coal industry.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, the raw materials for which, by weight, include: 10-16 parts of cerium oxide, 18-24 parts of a composite component of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal additives, 15-20 parts of an inorganic porous composite support, 2-6 parts of a structural stabilizing agent, 7-13 parts of a single-atom copper active nano-silicon modified component, and 60-100 parts of water.

[0008] Furthermore, the single-atom copper-active nano-silicon modified component is prepared according to the following method:

[0009] (1) Disperse nano-silica, copper acetylacetonate and 1,10-phenanthroline in a mixed solution of deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, adjust the pH to 7.5-8.5, stir the reaction to obtain a slurry;

[0010] (2) The slurry was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and irradiated under an ultraviolet light source to obtain a photo-reactant slurry;

[0011] (3) The photo-reactant slurry was centrifuged to separate the supernatant, the precipitate was washed with deionized water, the precipitate was placed in a closed reaction vessel, microwave irradiated, and then dried and ground to obtain a single-atom copper active nano-silicon modified component.

[0012] Further, in step (1), the mass ratio of nano-silica, copper acetylacetonate, and 1,10-phenanthroline is 10:(1.2-2):(0.6-1); the mass ratio of deionized water and anhydrous ethanol is (4-7):1; and the stirring reaction time is 0.5-2 hours.

[0013] Furthermore, the irradiation time under the ultraviolet light source in step (2) is 1 to 3 hours.

[0014] Furthermore, the microwave irradiation power in step (3) is 600-1000W, and the time is 5-15 minutes.

[0015] Furthermore, the alkali metal auxiliaries are selected from one or more of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and potassium nitrate, and the alkaline earth metal auxiliaries are selected from one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and calcium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the alkali metal auxiliaries to the alkaline earth metal auxiliaries is 1:(2-4).

[0016] Furthermore, the inorganic porous composite carrier is composed of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, and aluminum phosphate in a ratio of (3-5):1:(2-4).

[0017] Furthermore, the structural stabilizing agent is selected from one or more of manganese oxide, zinc oxide, and iron oxide.

[0018] The energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst of this invention constructs a synergistic system with redox activity, thermal stability and high dispersibility by rationally combining cerium oxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal composite additives, inorganic porous composite carriers, structural stabilizing additives and single-atom copper active nano-silicon modified components, which significantly improves coal combustion efficiency and reduces carbon emissions.

[0019] Cerium oxide (CeO2), as a key rare earth component in catalysts, possesses excellent oxygen storage and release capabilities, enabling it to pass through the oxygen storage and release system under high-temperature combustion conditions. 4+ / Ce 3+ The reversible oxidation of cerium oxide provides lattice oxygen, which continuously participates in the carbon-oxygen reaction, promoting the high-temperature oxidation of inert carbon and reducing the burnout temperature. At the same time, cerium oxide has strong thermal stability and anti-sintering ability, and can maintain the integrity of the catalyst structure and the stable existence of active centers under drastically changing combustion conditions.

[0020] Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal composite additives serve as important combustion aids and ash content regulators. Alkali metal salts such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate readily decompose at high temperatures to generate active oxides or carbonate ions, promoting the activation and transformation of fixed carbon in coal. Meanwhile, alkaline earth metals such as calcium oxide and magnesium oxide help regulate the melting behavior of coal ash, participate in the high-temperature reaction of aluminosilicates in the ash, and inhibit ash nodulation and graphitization. The synergistic effect of both not only improves the gasification efficiency of coal but also enhances the physical structure of combustion products, reduces the carbon content of fly ash, and strengthens the cleanliness and completeness of the overall combustion process.

[0021] The inorganic porous composite support is composed of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, and aluminum phosphate. These three components, combined in specific proportions, form a stable support system with a multi-scale porous structure. Kaolin provides excellent skeletal strength and thermal stability, while diatomaceous earth imparts a rich microporous structure and high specific surface area, which is beneficial for the efficient dispersion and anchoring of catalytically active components. Aluminum phosphate, as a structure modifier and a weakly acidic surface functional factor, can improve interfacial charge distribution during catalysis, inhibit particle aggregation at high temperatures, and enhance the overall thermal stability and loading performance of the support. This composite support system provides microstructural support for the long-term stable operation of the catalyst through synergistic confinement effects and interfacial stabilization mechanisms.

[0022] Structural stabilizing agents, such as transition metal oxides like manganese oxide, iron oxide, or zinc oxide, have variable valence states and can participate in redox cycles at high temperatures, providing secondary active centers for the combustion system. Especially in the early stages of combustion or when oxygen concentration fluctuates, they can rapidly convert some intermediates such as organic carbon and CO, thereby reducing pollutant residues in flue gas and improving energy saving and carbon reduction.

[0023] The single-atom copper-modified nano-silicon component was prepared using a special method. Copper acetylacetonate and 1,10-phenanthroline were synergistically chelated on the surface of nano-silica. Selective cleavage of copper ligand bonds was achieved through ultraviolet irradiation, anchoring copper atoms in a highly dispersed single-atom form on the nano-silicon framework. Further microwave irradiation rapidly promoted coordination and local cross-linking between copper atoms and hydroxyl groups on the silicon surface, significantly enhancing the activity exposure and thermal stability of copper atoms and suppressing the aggregation, migration, and even deactivation of traditional supported metals at high temperatures. The modified single-atom copper not only possesses extremely high specific surface area activity sites but also provides highly efficient redox centers at the micro-interface. It can activate oxygen molecules during the low-temperature stage of coal combustion, promoting the efficient conversion of CO to CO2, reducing harmful intermediate products, and thus synergistically achieving the efficient conversion of deep carbon oxidation and energy release with rare earth components. This component effectively solves the problem of catalytic performance degradation caused by aggregation in previous metal oxide catalysts, ensuring that the overall catalyst maintains high activity, high dispersion, and high stability throughout the combustion process.

[0024] The second aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) Weigh out the composite components of alkali metal additives and alkaline earth metal additives, inorganic porous composite carriers and structural stabilizing additives according to the proportion, add them to water, stir, and ultrasonically treat to obtain slurry.

[0026] (2) Mix cerium oxide with water, stir, heat, and adjust the pH to 4.0-5.0 to obtain a rare earth dispersion. Then add the slurry obtained in step (1) into the rare earth dispersion, stir and react to obtain a rare earth coated composite slurry.

[0027] (3) Disperse the single-atom copper active nano-silicon modified component with water to make a suspension. Add the suspension to the rare earth coated composite slurry, stir and react. After the reaction is completed, degas under vacuum to obtain the catalyst slurry.

[0028] (4) Allow the catalyst slurry to stand and mature, then microwave dry it until the moisture content of the material is ≤3%;

[0029] (5) The dried product is crushed, sieved, roasted and cooled to obtain an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst.

[0030] Further, the stirring time in step (1) is 30-50 minutes, and the ultrasonic time is 10-20 minutes.

[0031] Furthermore, the temperature for heating in step (2) is 60-80°C, and the stirring reaction time is 40-60 minutes.

[0032] Furthermore, the stirring reaction in step (3) takes 40 to 60 minutes and the temperature is 60 to 70°C.

[0033] Furthermore, the temperature for static curing in step (4) is 80-90°C and the time is 10-15 hours; the power of microwave drying is 600-1000W and the time is 10-20 minutes.

[0034] Further, in step (5), a mixture of H2 and Ar gas is introduced during the roasting process, wherein the volume percentage of H2 is 4-10%; the roasting temperature is 500-600℃ and the roasting time is 20-30 hours.

[0035] This invention addresses the specific roles of each component in the coal combustion process, optimizing the catalyst structure and performance through a rational process flow. First, an alkali metal / alkaline earth metal composite additive, an inorganic porous composite support, and a structural stabilizing agent are co-mixed in water, stirred, and ultrasonically treated to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform mixing of the components, improving the overall loading uniformity and interfacial activity of the system. Cerium oxide is heated and adjusted with a weak acid to form a stable dispersion, which is then thoroughly mixed and reacted with the aforementioned slurry, promoting the directional deposition of rare earth species on the porous support surface, effectively enhancing its stability and high-temperature anti-sintering ability. Subsequently, a single-atom copper-active nano-silicon modified component is introduced, dispersed in water, and added to the slurry. Copper atoms are uniformly anchored in the porous network, enhancing the catalyst's low-temperature activation ability and redox performance. Vacuum degassing and static curing further improve structural density and synergistic stability. Microwave drying significantly shortens the drying time while avoiding agglomeration and maintaining a high specific surface area. The final calcination stage is completed under an H2 / Ar atmosphere, which helps activate rare earth oxygen vacancies and regulate the metal valence state distribution, forming a stable catalytic system with multiple active centers.

[0036] This process ensures high material dispersion while achieving stable microstructure construction, endowing the catalyst with good thermal stability and high catalytic activity, and ensuring its continuous and efficient operation under complex combustion conditions.

[0037] The third aspect of this invention provides the application of the aforementioned energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst in promoting coal combustion.

[0038] Specifically, the energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst is suitable for coal-fired power plant boilers, industrial kilns and fluidized bed combustion systems. By adding 0.05% to 0.3% of this catalyst by mass of coal, the burnout rate can be significantly improved, the carbon content of fly ash can be reduced, and nitrogen oxide emissions can be reduced simultaneously, achieving efficient conversion of coal resources and near-zero pollution emissions.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] The energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst of this invention achieves multifunctional and highly efficient synergy by constructing a cerium oxide oxygen storage center, a synergistic regulation system with alkaline additives, and single-atom copper active sites. The catalyst forms a three-dimensional porous composite framework with good loading stability and hot dispersibility, enabling it to reduce ignition temperature, promote carbon-oxygen reaction, and improve coal combustion efficiency during coal combustion. Compared with existing technologies, this catalyst is not only suitable for various coal types and operating conditions, but also exhibits superior CO2 emission reduction capacity and service life, solving the problems of poor thermal stability, poor adaptability, and rapid catalytic performance decay of traditional additives. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the embodiments are commercially available products. The following sources are illustrative examples.

[0043] Cerium oxide was purchased from Suzhou Youzirconium Nanomaterials Co., Ltd. Calcium oxide was purchased from Leping Yihui Calcium Industry Co., Ltd. Kaolin was purchased from Shanxi Chaopai Calcined Kaolin Co., Ltd. Diatomite was purchased from Changbai Korean Autonomous County Jinyuan Diatomite Products Co., Ltd. Aluminum phosphate was purchased from Shanghai Maikun Chemical Co., Ltd. Nano-silica was purchased from Jiangsu Xianfeng Nanomaterials Technology Co., Ltd., with an average particle size of 20nm. Attapulgite was purchased from Anhui Mingguang Xiqi Minerals Co., Ltd. Activated alumina was purchased from Shandong Sanyixing New Material Technology Co., Ltd., with a size of 3-5mm.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, the raw materials for which are prepared by weight include: 13 parts of cerium oxide, 21 parts of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal composite additive, 18 parts of inorganic porous composite support, 4 parts of structural stabilizing additive, 10 parts of single-atom copper active nano-silicon modified component, and 80 parts of water.

[0046] The alkali metal and alkaline earth metal composite additives are: 2 parts sodium carbonate, 3 parts potassium carbonate, and 16 parts calcium oxide.

[0047] The inorganic porous composite carrier consists of 9 parts kaolin, 2 parts diatomite, and 7 parts aluminum phosphate.

[0048] The structural stabilizing agent is: 2 parts each of manganese oxide and iron oxide.

[0049] The single-atom copper-active nano-silicon modified component was prepared according to the following method:

[0050] (1) Weigh 10g of nano silica, 1.5g of copper acetylacetonate and 0.8g of 1,10-phenanthroline, add them to a mixed solution of 50g of deionized water and 10g of anhydrous ethanol, stir and disperse, add dilute ammonia water dropwise to adjust the pH to 8.0, continue stirring and reacting for 1 hour to obtain a uniform slurry.

[0051] (2) The above slurry was transferred to a quartz reaction vessel protected by nitrogen and irradiated under a 365nm ultraviolet LED light source for 2 hours. During this period, nitrogen was kept flowing slowly to ensure an inert atmosphere throughout the process, and the photo-reactant slurry was obtained.

[0052] (3) Transfer the photo-reactant slurry to a centrifuge tube, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes, discard the supernatant, collect the precipitate, wash it twice with deionized water, centrifuge again after washing, and finally obtain a wet precipitate; transfer the obtained wet precipitate to a closed microwave reactor, irradiate it at 800W microwave power for 10 minutes, take it out and dry it in a 60℃ forced-air drying oven for 4 hours, grind it through a 200-mesh sieve after drying, and obtain the single-atom copper active nano-silicon modified component.

[0053] The preparation method of energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalysts includes the following steps:

[0054] (1) Weigh out the alkali metal additive and alkaline earth metal additive composite components, inorganic porous composite carrier and structural stabilizing agent according to the proportion, add 50 parts of water, and mechanically stir at 500 rpm for 40 minutes to form a uniform slurry. Then transfer the slurry to an ultrasonic reactor and treat it at a frequency of 25 kHz for 15 minutes to complete the pre-dispersion of the carrier and components.

[0055] (2) Weigh cerium oxide, mix it with 15 parts of water, stir magnetically for 10 minutes, raise the temperature to 70°C, slowly add 10wt% dilute nitric acid solution, adjust the pH to 4.5, and obtain rare earth mixture; slowly add the slurry after ultrasonic treatment in step (1) into the rare earth mixture, maintain a constant temperature of 70°C, and mechanically stir at 600rpm for 50 minutes to obtain rare earth coated composite slurry.

[0056] (3) Weigh out the single-atom copper active nano-silicon modified component, disperse it in 15 parts of water, and magnetically stir for 5 minutes to make a suspension. Add the suspension to the rare earth coated composite slurry obtained in step (2), and mechanically stir at 600 rpm for 50 minutes at 65°C. After the reaction is completed, degas under vacuum for 10 minutes to obtain the catalyst slurry.

[0057] (4) Transfer the catalyst slurry to a constant temperature maturation tank and let it stand at 85°C for 12 hours. After maturation, place the material in a microwave dryer and irradiate it with 900W power for 15 minutes until the moisture content of the material is 1%.

[0058] (5) Crush the dried solid and pass it through a 200-mesh sieve. Take the sieve-filled powder and put it into a tube-type calcining furnace. During the calcination process, introduce a H2 / Ar mixed gas with a volume fraction of 6% H2 and heat it to 550°C at a rate of 8°C / min. Calcinate at a constant temperature for 24 hours. After the calcination is completed, let it cool naturally to room temperature. Take it out and you will get the energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst. Seal and store it for later use.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] This embodiment provides an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that its raw materials, by weight, include: 15 parts of cerium oxide, 18 parts of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal composite additive, 20 parts of inorganic porous composite support, 4 parts of structural stabilizing additive, 8 parts of single-atom copper active nano-silicon modified component, and 80 parts of water.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] This comparative example provides an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, which differs from Example 1 in that its raw materials, by weight, include: 8 parts cerium oxide, 26 parts alkali metal and alkaline earth metal composite additive, 10 parts inorganic porous composite support, 4 parts structural stabilizing additive, 15 parts single-atom copper active nano-silicon modified component, and 80 parts water.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] This comparative example provides an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, which differs from Example 1 in that the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal composite additive is replaced with equal amounts of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] This comparative example provides an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, which differs from Example 1 in that the inorganic porous composite support is replaced with 9 parts of kaolin, 2 parts of attapulgite, and 7 parts of activated alumina.

[0067] Comparative Example 4

[0068] This comparative example provides an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, which differs from Example 1 in that the structural stabilizing agent is replaced with nickel nitrate.

[0069] Comparative Example 5

[0070] This comparative example provides an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, which differs from Example 1 in that the single-atom copper-active nano-silicon modified component is replaced with nano-silica.

[0071] Comparative Example 6

[0072] This comparative example provides an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, which differs from Example 1 in that the single-atom copper active nano-silicon modified component is replaced with urea.

[0073] Performance testing

[0074] The catalysts prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were subjected to performance tests, and the test methods are as follows:

[0075] 1. Increased burnout rate (%)

[0076] The catalyst and thermal coal were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:500. The mixture was then placed in a crucible and placed in a muffle furnace for constant combustion at 850℃ for 60 minutes. After cooling, the residual ash was weighed. The burnout rate was calculated and compared with the residual ash of the raw coal and the catalyst-added coal.

[0077] 2. Ignition temperature (°C)

[0078] The catalyst was mixed with thermal coal at a mass ratio of 1:500 and then tested by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTG) in air. The temperature at which the sample mass first showed a significant decrease was recorded as the ignition temperature. The lower the ignition temperature, the stronger the catalyst's ability to promote the early oxidation of coal.

[0079] 3. CO2 emission reduction rate in flue gas (%)

[0080] The catalyst and thermal coal were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:500 and burned in a small combustion device. During combustion, the exhaust gas was continuously collected using a flue gas sampling tube. The CO2 volume fraction was detected using a portable infrared CO2 analyzer. The CO2 emission data throughout the reaction process were recorded and compared with a blank control group to calculate the CO2 emission reduction rate.

[0081] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0082] Table 1 Performance Test Results

[0083]

[0084] The above results demonstrate that the energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalysts of Examples 1 and 2 exhibit excellent overall performance. Both significantly outperform all comparative examples in improving coal burnout rate, reducing ignition temperature, and reducing CO2 emissions, particularly excelling in low-temperature catalytic activation and carbon emission control. Comparative Example 1 had a low rare earth content and excessive alkaline components, resulting in incomplete combustion and poor CO2 emission reduction. Comparative Example 2 lacked alkaline earth metal components, leading to insufficient hot-state reaction capacity of the catalyst, and its burnout rate and ignition temperature were inferior to the examples. Although Comparative Example 3 used a composite support, it lacked synergistic components such as aluminum phosphate, resulting in poor activity dispersion and limited overall performance. Comparative Example 4 replaced the structural stabilizing agent with nickel nitrate, leading to catalyst structural instability at high temperatures and delayed ignition. Comparative Examples 5 and 6 replaced the key single-atom copper component, losing efficient redox centers, resulting in a significant decrease in combustion activity and emission reduction effect.

[0085] Overall data validates the core role of the rare earth oxygen storage activity, alkali metal synergistic regulation, and single-atom copper high-activity center in the catalyst formulation of this invention in improving catalytic efficiency, reducing ignition temperature, and achieving deep combustion, making it suitable for clean and efficient coal utilization scenarios.

[0086] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst, raw materials for preparing the catalyst include, by weight: cerium oxide 10-16 parts, alkali metal auxiliary and alkaline earth metal auxiliary composite component 18-24 parts, inorganic porous composite carrier 15-20 parts, structure stabilizing auxiliary 2-6 parts, monatomic copper active nano silicon modified component 7-13 parts, and water 60-100 parts; The monatomic copper active nano silicon modified component is prepared by the following method: (1) dispersing nano silicon dioxide, copper acetylacetonate and 1,10-phenanthroline in a mixed solution of deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, adjusting the pH to 7.5-8.5, and stirring and reacting to obtain a slurry; (2) placing the slurry under a nitrogen atmosphere and irradiating it under an ultraviolet light source to obtain a light irradiation reaction slurry; (3) centrifuging the light irradiation reaction slurry, removing the supernatant, washing the precipitate with deionized water, placing the precipitate in a sealed reaction kettle, and using microwave irradiation, then drying and grinding to obtain the monatomic copper active nano silicon modified component.

2. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the mass ratio of the nano silicon dioxide, copper acetylacetonate and 1,10-phenanthroline is 10:(1.2-2):(0.6-1); the mass ratio of the deionized water and anhydrous ethanol is (4-7):1; and the stirring and reaction time is 0.5-2 hours.

3. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the irradiation time under the ultraviolet light source is 1-3 hours; and in step (3), the microwave irradiation power is 600-1000 W and the time is 5-15 minutes.

4. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst of claim 1, wherein: The alkali metal auxiliary is selected from one or more of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium nitrate, the alkaline earth metal auxiliary is selected from one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the alkali metal auxiliary to the alkaline earth metal auxiliary is 1:(2-4).

5. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst of claim 1, wherein: The inorganic porous composite carrier is composed of kaolin, diatomite and aluminum phosphate in a ratio of (3-5):1:(2-4).

6. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst of claim 1, wherein: The structure stabilizing auxiliary is selected from one or more of manganese oxide, zinc oxide and iron oxide.

7. A method for preparing the energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising the following steps: (1) weighing the alkali metal auxiliary and alkaline earth metal auxiliary composite component, the inorganic porous composite carrier and the structure stabilizing auxiliary in water, stirring, and ultrasonic treatment to obtain a slurry; (2) mixing cerium oxide with water, stirring, heating, adjusting the pH to 4.0-5.0 to obtain a rare earth dispersion liquid, then adding the slurry obtained in step (1) to the rare earth dispersion liquid, stirring and reacting to obtain a rare earth coated composite slurry; (3) dispersing the monatomic copper active nano silicon modified component in water to form a suspension, adding the suspension to the rare earth coated composite slurry, stirring and reacting, vacuum degassing after the reaction is completed, and obtaining a catalyst slurry; (4) allowing the catalyst slurry to stand and mature, then microwave drying until the water content of the material is ≤3%; (5) crushing the dried product, sieving, calcining, cooling, and obtaining the energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein: The stirring time of step (1) is 30-50 minutes, and the ultrasonic time is 10-20 minutes; the temperature of step (2) is 60-80 DEG C, and the stirring reaction time is 40-60 minutes; the stirring reaction time of step (3) is 40-60 minutes, and the temperature is 60-70 DEG C.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein: The temperature of step (4) is 80-90 DEG C, and the time is 10-15 hours; the microwave drying power is 600-1000 W, and the time is 10-20 minutes; in the process of step (5), H2, Ar mixed gas is passed, wherein the volume ratio of H2 is 4-10%; the calcination temperature is 500-600 DEG C, and the calcination time is 20-30 hours.

10. The application of an energy-saving and carbon-reducing rare earth catalyst in promoting coal combustion.

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