Fine disassembling system and method for single battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a refined disassembly system and method for a battery monomer, and belongs to the technical field of battery disassembly. The production line comprises a perforating device, a cutting device, a cutting device, a scattering device, a sorting device, a color sorting device, a defluorination device and a powder removal device. The method comprises the following steps: perforating a battery to discharge electrolyte, separating a shell from an inner core by a cutting device, cutting the inner core by a cutting device, scattering by a scattering device, sorting a diaphragm by a sorting device, sorting positive and negative electrode materials by a color sorting device, and respectively removing fluorine by a defluorination device. And finally, the metal foil and the powder are separated through the powder removing device, the damage degree of the crystal structure of the black powder can be reduced, the black powder and the metal fragments are efficiently separated according to the density difference, the metal foil and the black powder are not likely to be excessively mixed, the separation purity is high, the secondary treatment situation is reduced, efficient separation and recycling of the electrode material are achieved, and the production cost is reduced. And the comprehensive function and the resource utilization rate of the system are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery disassembly technology, and in particular to a refined disassembly system and method for individual battery cells. Background Technology

[0002] With the growth of the global new energy vehicle industry and the large-scale application of electric vehicles, the issue of disposing of retired power batteries has become increasingly prominent. If these retired batteries are not effectively recycled, it will not only result in a huge waste of valuable resources such as nickel, cobalt, and lithium, but may also lead to serious environmental risks and safety hazards due to heavy metal leaks and electrolyte pollution. Conversely, if efficient recycling is achieved, the recycling rate of valuable metals can reach over 95%, which is of great strategic significance for alleviating my country's dependence on foreign sources for key mineral resources and ensuring the security of the new energy industry chain and supply chain.

[0003] Pre-treatment is a crucial first step in the recycling and processing of retired power batteries. Currently, the industry commonly uses mechanical crushing technology to recycle the internal materials of waste lithium-ion batteries. However, traditional mechanical crushing processes have drawbacks such as low sorting purity, the need for secondary processing, and increased recycling costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a refined disassembly system and method for battery cells to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial option or create conditions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a refined disassembly system for a single battery cell, comprising: a perforation device for perforating the battery to release the electrolyte inside; a cutting device for cutting the battery after the electrolyte has been released to separate the battery casing from the battery core; a slicing device for cutting the battery core into multiple core blocks; a dispersing device for dispersing the multiple core blocks to obtain a core mixture; a sorting device for separating the separator material from the core mixture; a color sorting device for color sorting the material after the separator has been separated to separate the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material; a defluorination device for defluorinating the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material respectively to remove fluorine; and a powder removal device for removing the powder from the defluorinated positive electrode material and the negative electrode material respectively to obtain positive electrode metal foil, negative electrode metal foil, positive electrode powder, and negative electrode powder.

[0006] The technical scheme has at least the following beneficial effects: after the battery is subjected to the perforation treatment, the internal electrolyte of the battery is discharged, which can reduce the safety hidden danger caused by electrolyte leakage during subsequent disassembly and treatment; the battery shell and the battery core are separated by the cutting device, and then the battery core is cut by the cutting device, a plurality of core blocks are formed, and then the core blocks are scattered by the scattering device; the diaphragm material can be easily sorted out from the core mixture by the sorting device, and the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are sorted out by the color selection device; after the fluorine is removed by the defluorination device, the metal foil and the powder are finally separated by the powder removal device, the damage degree of the crystal structure of the black powder is reduced, the black powder and the metal fragments are efficiently separated according to the density difference, the metal foil and the black powder are not easily mixed, the sorting purity is high, the secondary processing is reduced, the efficient separation and recovery of the electrode material are realized, and the comprehensive function and resource utilization rate of the system are significantly improved.

[0007] As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the combustion device is further included for collecting electrolyte gas volatilized from the perforating device, the cutting device, the cutting device and the scattering device, and burning the collected electrolyte gas. The volatilized electrolyte gas is concentrated and treated to reduce pollution.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the energy recovery device is further included for recovering heat energy of the gas generated in the combustion treatment, and converting the recovered heat energy into hot air to provide hot air circulation for the scattering device. The heat energy obtained by burning the electrolyte gas is reused by the energy recovery device to realize hot air circulation, effectively reduce energy consumption, control the water content of the black powder in a lower range, meet the quality standard of direct smelting, and greatly improve the economic efficiency and environmental performance of the process.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the temperature control module is further included for regulating the temperature of the hot air circulation. The temperature of the hot air circulation is guaranteed.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the cutting device includes a first cutting module, the first cutting module includes a first cutting knife with a V-shaped blade, and the blade angle of the first cutting knife is between 58 degrees and 62 degrees. The first cutting module is used for cutting the shell of the square battery, which can ensure the cutting precision and edge quality.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the cutting device further includes a second cutting module and a battery recognition module, the second cutting module is a slitting width adjustable band saw cutting machine, and the battery recognition module is used for identifying the battery type and switching the first cutting module or the second cutting module to cut the battery. The cutting demand of different specifications of cylindrical batteries can be met.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the cutting device further comprises a third cutting module, the third cutting module is a laser cutting and stripping machine, the battery identification module is used for identifying the battery type, and the first cutting module, the second cutting module or the third cutting module is switched according to the battery type to cut the battery. The soft package battery is processed by the laser cutting and stripping machine, and high-precision non-destructive cutting and stripping processing are realized.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, it further comprises a vacuum negative pressure adsorption module for adsorbing the electrolyte in the battery. The electrolyte in the battery is effectively adsorbed into a sealed storage tank, the recovery rate is very high, the waste liquid realizes zero leakage recovery, and the environmental safety and efficient use of resources are ensured.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, it further comprises: a tab processing device for milling the battery tab to make the tab surface flat; a discharging device for discharging processing of the battery after milling the tab; and a perforating device for perforating processing of the battery after discharging processing. The residual voltage of the battery can be released, and the case of causing discharge and fire accidents can be reduced.

[0015] A battery monomer fine disassembly method, comprising: perforating processing on the battery to release the electrolyte in the battery; cutting processing on the battery after releasing the electrolyte to separate the battery into a battery shell and a battery core; cutting processing on the battery core to divide the battery core into a plurality of core blocks; dispersing processing on the plurality of core blocks to obtain a core mixture; separating diaphragm material from the core mixture; color selecting the material after separating the diaphragm to separate positive electrode material and negative electrode material; respectively performing defluorination processing on the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material to remove fluorine elements; respectively performing defluorination processing on the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material after defluorination processing to obtain positive electrode metal foil, negative electrode metal foil, positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 The process flow chart of the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure; Figure 2 The equipment layout diagram of the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure; Figure 3 The equipment diagram of the embodiment of the present application from tab milling to slicing processing is shown in the figure; Figure 4 The equipment diagram of the embodiment of the present application from dispersing processing to color selecting processing is shown in the figure.

[0017] 100, feeding device; 200, tab processing device; 300, discharging device; 400, perforating device; 401, buffer machine; 500, cutting device; 600, cutting device; 700, scattering device; 800, sorting device; 900, color selection device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Embodiments of the present application are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functions are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals throughout. The embodiments described below by reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only for the purpose of explaining the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0019] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation description, such as the orientation or position relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0020] In the description of the present application, the meaning of several is one or more, the meaning of multiple is two or more, greater than, less than, more than, etc. are understood to exclude the number, above, below, etc. are understood to include the number. If it is described as first, second, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the order of technical features indicated.

[0021] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be broadly understood, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0022] Reference Figures 1-4 A battery cell fine disassembly system includes a feeding device 100, a tab processing device 200, a discharging device 300, a perforating device 400, a buffer machine 401, a cutting device 500, a cutting device 600, a scattering device 700, a sorting device 800, a color selection device 900, a defluorination device, and a deflour device.

[0023] The feeding device 100 includes a forklift, a tray, a robot, and a belt conveying unit, and the tab processing device 200 includes a milling machine and a vision camera. The forklift is used to transport a special partition tray loaded with the scrapped battery to a feeding area, the robot automatically grabs the battery and accurately places it on the feeding position of the milling machine, ensuring accurate positioning for subsequent processing. The belt conveying unit and the robot are used to convey the battery placed on the feeding position of the milling machine to the feeding end, the mechanical hand grabs the battery and moves it to the tab milling station, the 2D and 3D vision cameras are used for positioning and tab milling processing, and the milling depth is controlled at 0.8±0.1mm through the PLC control system, ensuring the flatness of the tab surface.

[0024] The discharging device 300 includes a robot, a belt conveying unit, and a discharging machine. The battery after the tab milling processing is discharged through the discharge port into the belt conveying unit, conveyed to the feeding end of the discharging machine, and then the robot starts the grabbing program to send the battery into the discharging machine station for discharging. After the discharging is completed, the battery is taken out and placed on the discharging belt, realizing continuous conveying and circulation.

[0025] The perforating device 400 includes a perforating and liquid discharging machine, which is used for perforating the battery after the discharging processing to discharge the internal electrolyte of the battery. For square batteries, the anti-explosion valve of the square battery can be punctured to release the internal pressure and electrolyte, and the position of the anti-explosion valve can be determined through image processing of the camera scanning equipment. Further, the battery monomer fine disassembly system further includes a vacuum negative pressure adsorption module, which is used for recycling the internal electrolyte of the battery, realizing efficient collection of the electrolyte. The vacuum negative pressure adsorption module can be integrated on the perforating and liquid discharging machine, and the internal electrolyte of the battery can be recycled in time through negative pressure adsorption technology after puncturing, or the negative pressure adsorption processing can be performed on the hole formed by the perforating and liquid discharging machine.

[0026] The buffer machine 401 is located between the perforating device 400 and the cutting device 500. After the residual electrolyte is adsorbed by negative pressure, the battery is conveyed to the buffer machine 401 through the discharge port, the battery is accurately carried to the conveying belt buffer area by the mechanical hand, and after a specified time of static state, the battery automatically flows out, ensuring stable feeding for the subsequent process.

[0027] The cutting device 500 is used to separate the battery shell and the battery core in the battery. The battery flowing out of the buffer machine is accurately carried to the cutting station by the mechanical hand for cutting processing, and after the cutting is completed, the battery shell and the battery are automatically separated, the separated shell is collected, and the battery is conveyed to the next process for continuous processing. In other embodiments, the buffer machine 401 can not be provided, and the battery after the electrolyte is discharged is carried to the cutting station by the mechanical hand for cutting processing.

[0028] Specifically, the cutting device 500 includes a first cutting module, a second cutting module, a third cutting module, and a battery identification module. The first cutting module, the second cutting module, and the third cutting module are respectively in communication connection with the battery identification module.

[0029] The first cutting module includes a first cutting knife, the blade of which is V-shaped, and the cutting edge angle is between 58 degrees and 62 degrees. Strictly controlling the cutting edge angle at 60°±2° can ensure the cutting precision and edge quality of the square battery. The first cutting knife is more suitable for cutting processing of square batteries.

[0030] The second cutting module is a band saw cutting machine, the saw gap width of which can be dynamically adjusted, ranging from 0.5 to 5 mm, meeting the cutting needs of different specifications of batteries. The second cutting module is more suitable for cutting processing of cylindrical batteries.

[0031] The third cutting module is a laser cutting and stripping machine, which includes a laser cutting part and a stripping machine part. The laser spot diameter is only 0.1 mm, and the precision reaches ±5 μm, realizing high-precision non-destructive cutting and stripping processing. The packaging of the soft package battery is an aluminum plastic film, with a thin aluminum skin outside, a nylon layer in the middle, and a pp material inside, about 20 μm thick. Therefore, after cutting by laser, the outer shell part can be stripped by the stripping machine. The laser cutting and stripping machine is more suitable for cutting and hulling processing of soft package batteries.

[0032] The battery identification module can identify the type of the battery that needs to be cut, such as square battery, cylindrical battery, or soft package battery, through image recognition after shooting, so as to switch the first cutting module, the second cutting module, or the third cutting module according to the type of the battery for precise cutting processing of the battery, i.e., if it is a square battery, the first cutting knife is preferred for cutting processing of the battery, if it is a cylindrical battery, the second cutting module is preferred for cutting processing of the battery, and if it is a soft package battery, the third cutting module is preferred for cutting and hulling processing of the battery. This improves the versatility and flexibility of the system, and also significantly improves the processing efficiency and product quality.

[0033] It can be understood that in other embodiments, only the first cutting module, the second cutting module, or the third cutting module can be provided separately, and only square batteries, cylindrical batteries, or soft package batteries can be cut.

[0034] The cutting device 600 includes a slicing machine, and the battery inner core after cutting processing is stably transported to the slicing machine by a conveying device or a mechanical hand, and the slicing machine cuts the battery inner core into a plurality of inner core block structures. The system can detect the length of the battery synchronously and automatically calculate the equidistant data to drive the slicing machine to complete equidistant cutting. The slicing machine can support custom cutting length by setting parameters, meeting diversified processing needs.

[0035] The dispersing device 700 is a dispersing machine cylinder screen. After the slice is completed, the inner core block structure material formed is transported to the dispersing machine cylinder screen, and the positive and negative electrode sheets and the diaphragm are separated through mechanical dispersing and screening. At the same time, hot gas at 150-200°C is introduced in the process to evaporate the residual electrolyte, improve the drying effect of the material, and promote the failure of the binder on the negative electrode sheet, so that the negative electrode powder is separated.

[0036] Further, the battery cell fine disassembly system further comprises a combustion device, an energy recovery device, and a temperature control module. The combustion device is a TO furnace. The TO furnace collects the electrolyte gas volatilized in the perforating device 400, the buffer machine 401, the cutting device 500, the cutting device 600, and the dispersing device 700 through a sealing cover and a pipeline, and introduces the collected electrolyte gas into the TO furnace for combustion treatment. The electrolyte gas can be fully combusted in the TO furnace. The electrolyte gas volatilized in the cutting process is dusted by a bag dust collector before being introduced into the TO furnace.

[0037] The energy recovery device adopts a ceramic heat exchanger. The high-temperature tail gas (850°C) generated in the TO furnace is introduced into the ceramic heat exchanger for heat exchange treatment, and hot air (600°C) is formed and provided to the dispersing device 700 to evaporate the residual electrolyte. The residual electrolyte continues to evaporate or volatilize and then enters the TO furnace for combustion, forming an energy cycle. The heat energy of the tail gas generated after combustion is used to provide hot air circulation for the dispersing process of multiple inner core blocks, which is used for electrolyte evaporation process, realizing energy recycling and reducing overall energy consumption (up to 40%). The temperature control module is connected between the energy recovery device and the dispersing device 700. The hot air entering the dispersing device 700 is adjusted to a preset temperature range (150-200°C) by using a heating pipe or introducing cold air.

[0038] The sorting device 800 is an air flow sorting machine. The inner core mixture material separated by dispersing and screening is further sorted by the air flow sorting machine to realize efficient recovery of the diaphragm.

[0039] The color selection device 900 is a multi-spectrum color selection machine. The material separated from the diaphragm is transported to the multi-spectrum color selection machine, and AI intelligent recognition technology can be used to accurately sort aluminum foil positive materials and copper foil negative materials. AI recognition algorithm is used to realize sorting according to the spectral characteristic difference between copper and aluminum foil, and the sorting rate is above 98.7%, which can ensure the purity of the material. The sorted aluminum foil positive material and copper foil negative material are respectively sent to a defluorination device for defluorination drying treatment at 400°C, effectively removing harmful fluorine elements and improving the quality of the material. During the defluorination process, nitrogen can be introduced to remove fluorine elements in the electrode fragments under the protection of nitrogen at 400°C (fluorine residual amount can be controlled to ≤100ppm).

[0040] The powder removing device is a vibrating screen. The positive and negative electrode fragments after defluorination and drying are subjected to powder removing treatment through the vibrating screen to remove powder at a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 3 mm, so as to realize classification and collection of copper foil, aluminum foil, negative electrode powder and positive electrode powder, thereby facilitating subsequent resource recycling and utilization.

[0041] Further, the robot loading module used in the above process can be integrated with RFID identification technology to automatically identify the battery type and switch the special fixture, and the model changing time is less than or equal to 90 seconds.

[0042] The specific process of the battery monomer fine disassembly system is as follows: 1. The forklift transports the special separation tray loaded with the scrapped lithium iron phosphate battery to the loading area, and the robot automatically grabs the battery and accurately places it on the loading position of the milling machine. The empty separation tray after taking the material is moved to the unloading area by the robot for stacking and storage, and finally transported out of the unloading area by the forklift.

[0043] 2. The belt conveying system conveys the battery to the feeding end of the tab milling machine, the mechanical hand grabs the battery and moves it to the tab milling plane position, performs 2D and 3D visual scanning positioning, and then performs milling processing.

[0044] 3. The belt conveying system conveys the battery to the feeding end of the discharging machine, the robot starts the grabbing program, and the battery is sent to the discharging position for discharging treatment. After completion, it is taken out and placed on the unloading belt for conveying to the subsequent process.

[0045] 4. The battery is conveyed to the feeding end of the perforation liquid discharge machine by the unloading belt, the robot grabs the discharged battery, and transfers it to the explosion-proof valve opening position or the puncture position to release the electrolyte in a negative pressure environment. After safe liquid discharge, the battery enters the next process through the discharge port.

[0046] 5. The mechanical hand accurately carries the battery after liquid discharge to the buffer area of each conveying belt, and the battery is placed for a specified time to ensure that the electrolyte is drained. After completing the necessary process waiting, it automatically flows into the next link.

[0047] 6. The mechanical hand accurately carries the battery after liquid discharge to the cutting position of the cutting device for shell cutting. After cutting, the shell and the battery are automatically separated. The separated shell is collected, and the battery is conveyed to the next process for further processing.

[0048] 7. The conveying device stably conveys the battery while synchronously detecting the length of the battery, automatically calculates the equal division data and sends it to the cutting position of the slicing machine, and drives the equipment to complete the cutting.

[0049] 8. The cut material is subjected to positive and negative electrode and separator separation and scattering treatment through the drum screen of the scattering machine, while introducing 150 DEG C hot air to evaporate the residual electrolyte and peel off most of the graphite powder on the negative electrode sheet.

[0050] 9. The disintegrated material is sorted and collected by the air flow sorting machine.

[0051] 10. The material after removing the diaphragm enters the color sorter, and the positive and negative fragments are accurately selected by using multi-spectrum technology.

[0052] 11. The positive and negative fragments are respectively subjected to fine defluorination treatment by the defluorination equipment and the vibrating screen, and the copper foil, aluminum foil, negative powder and positive powder are classified and collected.

[0053] 12. The electrolyte gas volatilized during the entire disassembly process is uniformly collected and sent to a TO furnace for high-temperature combustion treatment. The high-temperature waste gas generated by combustion is subjected to heat energy recovery by a ceramic heat exchanger, and the hot air generated is reused in the hot air circulation of the drum disintegrating machine.

[0054] The battery monomer fine disassembly system has the following advantages: 1) Safe closed loop: A perfect safety closed loop system is constructed to realize efficient and safe recovery of more than 99% of the electrolyte of the live battery, ensure that the residual voltage is completely eliminated within 30 seconds during the disassembly process, effectively prevent safety hazards such as discharge and fire, and protect the safety of the operators and equipment.

[0055] 2) High value of materials: Through accurate sorting technology, the positive and negative plate sorting rate is not less than 98%, and the black powder lattice distortion rate is controlled to be less than 3%, thereby maximizing the structural integrity and performance of the materials and improving the reuse value and economic benefits of the recovered materials.

[0056] 3) Flexibility: The production line is designed to be highly flexible, and a single production line can be compatible with square, cylindrical and soft package batteries, with a capacity range of 3-300Ah, and the changeover time is controlled to be less than 5 minutes, meeting the efficient and flexible processing needs of multiple batches and large quantities of retired batteries.

[0057] 4) Energy efficiency optimization: An advanced heat recovery system is adopted to reduce steam energy consumption by 62%, significantly improve energy utilization efficiency, reduce production cost, and promote the development of green and environmentally friendly recycling process.

[0058] Reference Figures 1-4 The embodiment also provides a battery monomer fine disassembly method, which comprises the following steps: Step S01: perforating the battery to release the electrolyte inside the battery; Specifically, the battery is perforated by the perforation liquid release machine in the perforation device 400 to release the electrolyte inside the battery, and a three-stage gradient pressure relief is adopted during the pressure relief process. A vacuum negative pressure adsorption module is used to adsorb and recover the electrolyte inside the battery in time after the puncture is completed, the electrolyte negative pressure adsorption pressure is-0.08MPa, and the residual voltage elimination time is less than or equal to 30 seconds.

[0059] Step S02: cutting processing is performed on the battery after the electrolyte is discharged, so as to separate the battery from the battery shell and the battery core; The cutting device 500 is used for cutting processing of the battery. Specifically, the battery recognition module is used for recognizing the type of the battery. When the battery is a square battery, the first cutting device is used for cutting processing of the square battery. When the battery is a cylindrical battery, the second cutting device is used for cutting processing of the cylindrical battery. When the battery is a soft package battery, the third cutting device is used for cutting processing of the soft package battery. Before cutting, the laser scanning device is used for scanning the battery, reconstructing the three-dimensional topology of the battery, dynamically planning the cutting path, and adapting to the processing requirements of the damaged battery with a cutting accuracy of ±0.1 mm.

[0060] Step S03: cutting processing is performed on the battery core, so as to separate the battery core into a plurality of core blocks; Specifically, the length of the battery is detected and the equal division data is automatically calculated. The cutting device 600 is used for cutting the battery core at equal intervals according to the length of the battery, so as to separate the battery core into a plurality of core blocks.

[0061] Step S04: the plurality of core blocks are scattered to obtain a core mixture; Specifically, the scattering device 700 is used for scattering the plurality of core blocks. The scattering device 700 is a scattering machine drum screen. The core block structure material formed after the cutting is transported to the scattering machine drum screen, and the positive and negative electrode sheets and the separator are separated through mechanical scattering and screening. At the same time, hot gas at 150-200°C is introduced in the process to evaporate the residual electrolyte, improve the drying effect of the material, and promote the failure of the binder on the negative electrode sheet and the separation of the negative electrode powder. Further, the electrolyte gas volatilized in steps S01 (perforation processing and buffering processing), S02 (cutting processing), S03 (cutting processing) and S04 (scattering) is collected and added to a combustion device such as a TO furnace for combustion processing. The high-temperature exhaust gas after the combustion processing is introduced into an energy recovery device such as a ceramic heat exchanger for heat exchange processing. The hot air source obtained under the temperature adjustment of the temperature control module forms hot air at a temperature of 150-200°C, which enters the scattering device 700 to form a hot air circulation to evaporate the residual electrolyte.

[0062] Step S05: the separator material is separated from the core mixture; Specifically, the separator material is separated from the core mixture by using the sorting device 800. The sorting device 800 is an air flow sorting machine. The core mixture separated by scattering and screening is further sorted by the air flow sorting machine to realize efficient recovery of the separator.

[0063] Step S06: Color selection is performed on the material after the separator is sorted out to sort out the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material; Specifically, the color selection device 900 is used for color selection treatment on the material after the separator is sorted out. The color selection device 900 is a multi-spectrum color selection machine. The material after the separator is separated is transported to the multi-spectrum color selection machine, and AI intelligent recognition technology can be used to accurately sort the aluminum foil positive electrode material and the copper foil negative electrode material. AI recognition algorithm is used to realize sorting combined with the difference in spectral characteristics of copper and aluminum foil. The sorting rate is above 98.7%, which can ensure the purity of the material.

[0064] Step S07: The positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are respectively subjected to defluorination treatment to remove fluorine elements; Specifically, the sorted aluminum foil positive electrode material and copper foil negative electrode material are sent into the defluorination device for defluorination drying treatment at 400 DEG C high temperature to effectively remove harmful fluorine elements and improve the material quality. During the defluorination treatment, nitrogen can be introduced to remove the fluorine elements in the electrode fragments under the protection of nitrogen at 400 DEG C (the residual amount of fluorine can be controlled to be ≤100 ppm).

[0065] Step S08: The positive electrode material and the negative electrode material after the defluorination treatment are respectively subjected to deflouring treatment to obtain positive electrode metal foil, negative electrode metal foil, positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder.

[0066] Specifically, the deflouring device is used for deflouring treatment on the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material. The deflouring device is a vibrating screen. The positive and negative electrode fragments after defluorination drying are subjected to deflouring treatment through the vibrating screen to realize classification and collection of copper foil, aluminum foil, negative electrode powder and positive electrode powder, which is convenient for subsequent resource recycling.

[0067] In addition, the waste gas generated after the waste gas after the use of heat, the defluorination treatment and the vibration deflouring treatment in the energy recovery device is collected into the environmental protection equipment for reprocessing.

[0068] Further, the battery monomer fine disassembly method further includes the following steps before step S01: S11: Milling treatment is performed on the battery tab; Specifically, the battery to be processed is first fed to the milling station by the feeding device 100, and then the tab is milled by the tab processing device 200. The feeding device 100 includes a forklift, a pallet, a robot, and a belt conveying unit, and the tab processing device 200 includes a milling machine and a vision camera. The forklift is used to transport a special separate pallet loaded with scrap batteries to the feeding area, and the robot automatically grabs the battery and accurately places it on the feeding position of the milling machine, ensuring accurate positioning for subsequent processing. The belt conveying unit and the robot are used to convey the battery placed on the feeding position of the milling machine to the feeding end, and the robot grabs the battery and moves it to the tab milling station. The 2D and 3D vision cameras are used for positioning and tab milling processing, and the milling depth is controlled at 0.8±0.1mm by the PLC control system to ensure the flatness of the tab surface.

[0069] S12: Discharge the battery after milling processing; Specifically, the discharging device 300 includes a robot, a belt conveying unit, and a discharging machine. The battery after tab milling processing enters the belt conveying unit through the discharge port, is conveyed to the feeding end of the discharging machine, and is sent to the discharging machine station by the robot to discharge. After discharging, the battery is taken out and placed on the discharge belt to realize continuous conveying and circulation. Step S01 performs perforation processing on the discharged battery to release the electrolyte inside the battery.

[0070] Further, in order to comprehensively improve the safety and environmental protection of the disassembly process, after completing step S01, i.e., collecting the electrolyte inside the battery, the battery is discharged again by the discharging device 300 to safely release the residual electricity.

[0071] In addition, the robot feeding module used in all the above processes can integrate RFID recognition technology to automatically identify the battery type and switch the special clamp, with a changeover time of ≤90 seconds.

[0072] In summary, the battery monomer fine disassembly system and method provided by the embodiment has the following advantages: 1. Multi-stage safety pressure relief cooperative control scheme This solution is based on advanced AI intelligent control logic, achieving precise management of the retired battery tab milling and liquid discharge link. 2D and 3D vision cameras are used to locate the tabs, and the PLC system provides real-time feedback on the milling depth, strictly controlling it within the range of 0.8 ± 0.1 mm, ensuring high precision and stability of the milling process. At the same time, the system maintains a negative pressure state through the vacuum pipeline, with a pressure control of -0.08 MPa, effectively adsorbing the electrolyte inside the battery to a sealed storage tank, with a recovery rate of over 99.3%, ensuring zero leakage of waste liquid and efficient use of resources. This collaborative control solution achieves precise coordination between battery pressure release and electrolyte negative pressure adsorption, significantly improving the safety and environmental friendliness of the liquid discharge process.

[0073] 2. Thermal-mechanical collaborative sorting technology This solution builds a complete material sorting system, achieving efficient collaboration between thermal energy and mechanical sorting. First, the cut waste batteries are sent to a drum scattering machine for drying treatment in a 150℃~200℃ hot air circulation environment, effectively evaporating residual electrolyte and separating most of the graphite from the negative electrode, improving the quality and efficiency of subsequent sorting. The dried material is then fed into an air flow sorting machine to accurately separate the separator and electrode fragments, achieving efficient recovery of the separator. The separated electrode fragments are then transported to a multi-spectrum color sorter, which uses advanced spectral recognition technology to accurately sort copper foil and aluminum foil, ensuring material purity and recovery value. In addition, the system is equipped with a thermal energy recycling device that uses TO furnace exhaust gas (temperature up to 850℃) to generate high-temperature hot air of about 600℃ through a ceramic heat exchanger, which is reused in the hot air circulation system of the drum scattering machine. This heat recovery scheme significantly reduces overall energy consumption, with a comprehensive energy saving effect of 40%, achieving both environmental protection and economic benefits.

[0074] 3. Non-destructive nitrogen-protected black powder defluorination process This solution uses a 400℃~500℃ high-temperature defluorination device to remove fluorine elements from the positive and negative electrode fragments separated by color sorting, ensuring that the residual fluorine content is below 100ppm, meeting environmental and material quality standards. Then, a vibrating screen is used to finely remove powder from the positive and negative electrode fragments under the conditions of 50Hz high-frequency oscillation and 3mm amplitude, achieving efficient separation of positive and negative active materials and maximizing the integrity and activity of the materials, laying a solid foundation for subsequent resource recovery and reuse.

[0075] 4. Multi-channel compatible architecture A multi-channel compatible architecture can be adopted to design four independent processing channels in a 120° ring layout, which can flexibly adapt to and efficiently process various types of batteries. For square batteries, a V-shaped cutting knife is provided, with the knife edge angle strictly controlled at 60°±2° to ensure cutting accuracy and edge quality; for cylindrical batteries, an adaptive band saw cutting machine is used, with the saw seam width dynamically adjustable, covering a range of 0.5 to 5 mm to meet the cutting needs of different specifications of batteries; for soft package batteries, a laser cutting and stripping machine is configured, with a laser spot diameter of only 0.1 mm and an accuracy of ±5 μm, achieving high-precision non-destructive cutting and stripping processing. This multi-channel compatible design not only improves the versatility and flexibility of the system, but also significantly improves the processing efficiency and product quality.

[0076] 5. Intelligent model changing system Based on advanced AI intelligent model changing detection technology, the battery type is first accurately identified through RFID technology to achieve rapid classification of different batteries. After identification, the mechanical arm automatically switches to the corresponding special fixture to ensure the stability of clamping and the accuracy of processing. Then, the servo system performs high-precision positioning with a response time controlled within 15 seconds, and the overall model changing process is efficient and smooth. The entire model changing operation covers three types of mainstream batteries, with the total model changing time controlled within 90 seconds, significantly improving the flexibility and automation level of the production line, and realizing rapid switching and efficient processing of multiple types of batteries.

[0077] 6. Good technical performance -0.08 MPa negative pressure adsorption system, making the electrolyte recovery rate reach 99.2%±0.3%, with an improvement of +14.2%; drum scattering plus multi-spectral AI color selection, making the pole piece sorting rate reach ≥98.7%, with an improvement of +5.7%; double-channel parallel architecture, making the single-line processing capacity reach 2.0 / h, with an improvement of +33%; nitrogen protection defluorination drying plus vibration screen fine powder removal, making the black powder lattice integrity reach distortion rate <2.8%, with an improvement of -15.2%.

[0078] 7. High economic benefit In terms of energy consumption, the scheme achieves significant optimization, with the energy consumption per ton of processing reduced to 78 kW·h / ton, which is 35% lower than the traditional process of 120 kW·h / ton, saving electricity fees of about 1.54 million yuan per year (calculated at an electricity price of 0.8 yuan / kW·h), effectively reducing operating costs. In terms of material value-added, the complete structure black powder wet lithium extraction technology is adopted, with a recovery rate improvement of 12%, an economic benefit of 8500 yuan per ton of material, significantly improving resource utilization efficiency and economic returns.

[0079] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application.

Claims

1. A refined disassembly system for individual battery cells, characterized in that, include: A perforation device (400) is used to perforate the battery to release the electrolyte inside the battery; The cutting device (500) is used to cut the battery after the electrolyte has been discharged, and to separate the battery casing from the battery core. A cutting device (600) is used to cut the battery core into multiple core blocks. The dispersing device (700) is used to disperse multiple inner core blocks to obtain an inner core mixture. The sorting device (800) is used to separate the diaphragm material from the inner core mixture; Color sorting device (900) is used to color sort the material after the diaphragm is separated, and to separate the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material; The defluorination unit is used to defluorinate the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material separately to remove fluorine. The de-powdering device is used to de-powder the defluorinated positive electrode material and negative electrode material respectively to obtain positive electrode metal foil, negative electrode metal foil, positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder.

2. The refined disassembly system for a single battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a combustion device for collecting the electrolyte gas volatilized from the perforation device (400), the cutting device (500), the slicing device (600), and the dispersing device (700), and for burning the collected electrolyte gas.

3. The refined disassembly system for a single battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes an energy recovery device, which is used to recover the heat energy of the gas generated during the combustion process and use the recovered heat energy to convert it into hot air to provide hot air circulation for the dispersing device (700).

4. The refined disassembly system for a single battery cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a temperature control module, which is used to regulate the temperature of the hot air circulation.

5. The refined disassembly system for a single battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting device (500) includes a first cutting module, which includes a first cutting blade with a V-shaped blade, the blade angle of which is between 58 degrees and 62 degrees.

6. The refined disassembly system for a single battery cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cutting device (500) further includes a second cutting module and a battery identification module. The second cutting module is an adjustable kerf width band saw cutter, and the battery identification module is used to identify the battery type and switch between the first cutting module or the second cutting module to cut the battery according to the battery type.

7. The refined disassembly system for a single battery cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cutting device (500) further includes a third cutting module, which is a laser cutting and peeling machine. The battery identification module is used to identify the battery type and switch between the first cutting module, the second cutting module, or the third cutting module to cut the battery according to the battery type.

8. The refined disassembly system for a single battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a vacuum negative pressure adsorption module for vacuum adsorption of the electrolyte inside the battery.

9. The refined disassembly system for a single battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A tab processing device (200) is used to mill the battery tabs to make the tab surface flat. A discharge device (300) is used for discharging the battery after milling the tabs, and the perforation device is used for perforating the battery after the discharge treatment.

10. A method for refined disassembly of a battery cell, applied to the refined disassembly system for a battery cell as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The disassembly method includes: The battery is perforated to release the electrolyte inside. After the electrolyte has been released, the battery is cut to separate the battery casing from the battery core. The battery core is cut into multiple core blocks. Multiple inner core blocks are broken up to obtain an inner core mixture. Separate the diaphragm material from the inner core mixture; The materials after the separator are separated are then color sorted to separate the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material. The positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are defluorinated separately to remove fluorine. The defluorinated positive and negative electrode materials were subjected to de-powdering treatment to obtain positive electrode metal foil, negative electrode metal foil, positive electrode powder, and negative electrode powder.

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