Laser wire-fed additive manufacturing method and apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to laser processing, and provides a laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method, wherein a wire is arranged at a central position of a wire feeding nozzle, and a focal point of a laser head is adjusted to be below a substrate surface; when an end of the wire moves to the substrate surface, the laser head heats the substrate surface with a third laser power, the wire is fed at a third wire feeding rate, and after a period of time, the laser head processes a molten pool with a first laser power, the wire is fed into the molten pool at a first wire feeding rate, the third laser power is less than the first laser power, and the third wire feeding rate is less than the first wire feeding rate; and when the material in the molten pool reaches a set value, the wire is drawn away to a distance above the substrate. In the additive manufacturing method, the laser head is a ring-shaped light spot, and the molten pool is processed with negative defocusing relative to the substrate surface, so that the wire can smoothly pass through the center of the ring-shaped light spot, so that wire breakage does not occur during the additive manufacturing process, and the product quality is ensured through laser power and wire feeding rate adjustment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to laser processing, in particular to a laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the improvement of production technology, the requirement for production efficiency is also higher and higher. Laser additive manufacturing, also known as "3D" printing, is a technology that directly manufactures physical parts through layer-by-layer accumulation of digital models. Compared with traditional manufacturing technology, laser additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of simplified process flow, short production cycle, high material utilization rate, etc., which can significantly reduce the cost of production and manufacturing. The material supply mode of additive manufacturing mainly has powder and wire, among which the wire has the characteristics of ≥95% material utilization rate, no need for vacuum environment, high density of formed parts and simplified post-processing process, etc., and can be directly applied to industry, and is considered as a more potential engineering choice, which has great development and application prospect.

[0003] However, laser wire feeding additive manufacturing technology still faces multiple challenges in actual application. In the actual laser wire feeding additive manufacturing production process, after the wire is heated by laser, the high fluidity of the molten metal makes it difficult to ensure the size accuracy of the formed part; moreover, the wire is easy to break during laser heating, which causes the subsequent production to stop; in addition, due to the softness of the wire, the wire is easy to deviate from the position during wire feeding, which causes the wire feeding path to deviate, and the additive effect is not good, etc. These problems seriously restrict the large-scale industrial application of the technology, and breakthroughs in technology and continuous improvement of processing and debugging methods are urgently needed. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method and device, which can at least solve some of the defects in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiments of the present application provide the following technical solutions: a laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The wire is arranged at the center position of the wire feeding nozzle, and the focal point of the laser head is located below the substrate surface;

[0007] The end of the wire is controlled to move to the substrate surface;

[0008] The laser head processes a molten pool on the substrate surface and continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool; when the end of the wire moves to the substrate surface, the laser head first heats the substrate surface with a third laser power, the wire is fed at a third wire feeding rate, and after a period of time, the laser head processes the molten pool with a first laser power, the wire is fed into the molten pool at a first wire feeding rate, the third laser power is less than the first laser power, and the third wire feeding rate is less than the first wire feeding rate;

[0009] and when the material in the molten pool reaches a set value, the wire is pulled away to a certain distance above the substrate.

[0010] Further, the relative distance between the center of the wire and the center of the wire feeding nozzle is detected by a visual camera system, and when the detected relative distance is within a set range, it is determined that the wire is in the center of the wire feeding nozzle.

[0011] Further, a detection plate is placed on the surface of the substrate, the laser head is controlled to move along the optical axis direction, and when the outer diameter of the annular light spot on the detection plate is the smallest, this is the focal point position of the laser;

[0012] The laser head is controlled to move downward so that the focal point of the laser is below the surface of the substrate.

[0013] Further, when the wire in the molten pool reaches a certain amount, the molten pool is lighted with a second laser power, and the wire is fed at a second wire feeding rate, the third wire feeding rate is less than the second wire feeding rate and the second wire feeding rate is less than the first wire feeding rate, and the third laser power is greater than the second laser power.

[0014] Further, and when the laser head works at the second laser power for a preset time, it is adjusted to a fourth laser power, and the wire is fed at a fourth wire feeding rate; the fourth laser power is less than the second laser power, and the fourth wire feeding rate is less than the second wire feeding rate.

[0015] Further, when the end of the wire contacts the surface of the substrate, the wire and the substrate form a circuit conduction to control the laser head to light out of the substrate.

[0016] Further, the characteristics of the molten pool in each stage of the molten pool processing process are preset, the characteristics of the molten pool include brightness and appearance; and during the molten pool processing process, the characteristics of the molten pool are detected in real time, and compared with the preset values of the corresponding stages, and when the difference between the two is greater than a threshold value, the laser power and the wire feeding rate of the laser head are adjusted.

[0017] Further, when the wire is pulled away, the wire is melted with a fifth laser power, and the molten pool is kept warm with the fifth laser power.

[0018] The present application provides another embodiment, a laser wire feeding additive manufacturing device for realizing the above-mentioned laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method, comprising:

[0019] a laser, which processes a molten pool on a substrate and keeps the molten pool warm;

[0020] a wire feeding mechanism, which continuously feeds wire into the molten pool, and pulls the wire away when the material in the molten pool reaches a set value;

[0021] The control unit adjusts the laser power of the laser and the wire feeding rate of the wire feeding mechanism according to the light-emitting time.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the laser head adopts a ring-shaped light spot, the wire material is arranged at the center position of the wire feeding nozzle, and the focal point of the laser head is adjusted to be below the surface of the base material, so that the wire material can smoothly pass through the center of the ring-shaped light spot, so that the wire breaking phenomenon does not occur in the additive manufacturing process.

[0023] In the laser wire feeding additive manufacturing, the laser heats the base material to form a molten pool, the wire feeding mechanism continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool, and the laser power and the wire feeding rate are adjusted according to the working time of the laser head. The overall time only needs 3s, and a cylindrical structure product with a diameter of 3mm and a height of 4mm can be additive manufactured on the base material, which greatly improves the production efficiency, and the appearance of the additive manufactured product is uniform and consistent without defects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The flowchart of the laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0025] Figure 2 The detection schematic diagram of the visual camera system of the laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0026] Figure 3 The focal point of the laser head and the position of the base material of the laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the present application are shown;

[0027] Figure 4 The relationship diagram of the laser power, the wire feeding rate and the time of the laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0028] Figure 5 The product photo after the laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0030] Referring to Figures 1-5 The embodiment of the present application provides a laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method, which additive manufactures a product on a base material 3 by a laser, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] The position of the wire 2 at the wire feeding nozzle of the wire feeding mechanism is adjusted so that the center of the wire 2 is located at the center position of the wire feeding nozzle, thereby only the position of the wire feeding nozzle needs to be adjusted, and then the wire 2 can be ensured to be delivered to the specified position of the base material 3; in addition, the position of the focal point 5 of the laser head 1 of the laser is adjusted so that the focal point 5 of the laser head 1 is located below the surface of the base material 3. For the laser head 1, a ring-shaped light spot can be generated, that is, the wire 2 on the base material 3 is melted by using the ring-shaped light spot to achieve the purpose of additive manufacturing.

[0032] Before the laser head 1 works, the wire feeding mechanism is used to feed the wire 2 so that the end of the wire 2 moves to the surface of the base material 3. Specifically, first, the wire feeding mechanism feeds the wire 2 from the wire feeding nozzle at a relatively fast speed, such as 5000 mm / min, to save the entire production time and make the wire feeding process more smooth, and lasts for 100 ms, and then the wire feeding speed is reduced to 450 mm / min and lasts for 2000 ms so that the wire 2 slowly approaches the base material 3, to avoid that the wire 2 is fed too much and hits the base material 3 in advance due to the insufficient reaction speed of the wire feeding mechanism when the speed of the wire 2 is too fast, and the position of the wire 2 is deviated.

[0033] When the end of the wire 2 moves to the specified position of the base material 3, the laser head 1 of the laser starts to work and processes a molten pool on the surface of the base material 3, the wire feeding mechanism continuously feeds the wire 2 into the molten pool, and the wire 2 is melted in the molten pool. The base material 3 and the wire 2 of the laser additive manufacturing are of the same material, such as stainless steel with a brand of 304. The thickness of the base material 3 can be 4 mm, and the diameter of the wire 2 can be 1.2 mm.

[0034] When the wire 2 melted in the molten pool reaches a set value, the wire 2 is pulled away to a certain distance above the base material 3. The amount of material in the molten pool is determined by the wire feeding amount of the wire feeding mechanism, that is, the set value of the wire 2 in the molten pool can be determined by the speed of the wire 2 and the wire feeding time. The light emitted by the laser head 1 melts the wire 2, and the wire 2 is pulled away from the molten pool. The set value of the wire 2 in the molten pool is determined according to the size of the product of the additive manufacturing, such as the set value being the material required for the entire product when the size of the product is relatively small, and the set value being the material required for the corresponding layer when the product is layered during the additive manufacturing.

[0035] In the embodiment, the laser head 1 is a ring-shaped light spot, and the focal point 5 of the laser head 1 is adjusted to be located below the surface of the base material 3 in a negative focus state, so that the inner diameter of the ring-shaped light spot of the laser head 1 on the surface of the base material 3 is greater than the outer diameter of the wire 2, and the wire 2 can stably pass through the center of the ring-shaped light spot, so that the wire breaking does not occur during the additive manufacturing.

[0036] In the preferred embodiment, the position of the wire 2 and the wire feeder nozzle is detected in a visual manner. Specifically, the center of the wire 2 and the center of the wire feeder nozzle are detected by the visual camera system 4, and the relative distance between the two centers can be calculated, and when the detected relative distance is within a set range, it can be determined that the wire 2 is in the center position of the wire feeder nozzle. In the present embodiment, the visual camera system 4 uses two cameras and two light sources, one-to-one correspondence between the camera and the light source, and the two cameras are installed orthogonally, the angle of view is 90 degrees, one of the cameras and the corresponding light source cooperate to locate the center of the wire feeder nozzle, which can take a photo of the wire 2 from the X direction, and can obtain the center position of the wire feeder nozzle in real time, the other camera and the corresponding light source cooperate to locate the center of the wire 2, which can take a photo of the wire 2 from the Y direction, and can obtain the center position of the wire 2 in real time, improve the position accuracy of the wire 2 in additive manufacturing, and improve the stability and consistency of the processing process, and solve the problems in actual production. Based on the diameter of the wire 2 being 1.2 mm, the relative distance between the center of the wire 2 and the center of the wire feeder nozzle can be set to 0.2 mm, which can be preset first, and when the relative distance between the wire 2 and the wire feeder nozzle detected by the visual camera exceeds the set range value of 0.2 mm, an alarm is triggered and the processing is paused, and at the same time, the visual camera system 4 can also be used to adjust the position of the wire 2 conveniently, and the maintenance personnel can optimize the deviation to within 0.05 mm by visual feedback, so that the relative distance between the center of the wire 2 and the center of the wire feeder nozzle is within the set range value, and thus even if the wire 2 has a slight deviation during each wire feeding process, the relative distance between the center of the wire 2 and the center of the wire feeder nozzle can be ensured to be within the set range value of 0.2 mm.

[0037] In one embodiment, when adjusting the position of the focal point 5 of the laser head 1, a detection plate is placed on the surface of the substrate 3, the laser head 1 forms a ring-shaped light spot on the detection plate, the laser head 1 is controlled to move along the optical axis direction, which is the vertical direction, the outer diameter of the ring-shaped light spot on the detection plate changes, and when the outer diameter of the ring-shaped light spot on the detection plate is the smallest, it indicates that the laser focal point 5 of the laser head 1 is located on the detection plate. In this embodiment, the detection plate is a 1mm thick stainless steel plate, the laser acts on the stainless steel plate to form a ring-shaped light spot, a microscope is used to detect the outer diameter of the ring-shaped light spot, the motorized Z-axis is moved, the motorized Z-axis drives the laser head 1 to move vertically, the step precision is 0.5mm, the ring-shaped light spot is sequentially excited to act on the stainless steel plate and the outer diameter is measured, and when the diameter of the ring-shaped light spot is the smallest, the corresponding position is the laser focusing focal point 5; continue to control the motorized Z-axis to drive the laser head 1 to move vertically downward, so that the laser focal point 5 is below the surface of the substrate 3, i.e. in a negative defocusing state, then the wire material 2 can pass through the center of the ring-shaped light spot smoothly. Preferably, the inner diameter of the ring-shaped light spot on the substrate 3 is 1.5-3.0mm, which is related to the diameter of the wire material 2. When the inner diameter of the ring-shaped light spot on the substrate 3 is less than or equal to 1.4mm, since the diameter of the wire material 2 is 1.2mm, when the wire material 2 has a slight deviation and the relative distance from the wire feeding nozzle exceeds the set value of 0.2mm, the wire material 2 will have a light blocking condition, thereby causing instability in the laser additive manufacturing process; when the inner diameter of the ring-shaped light spot on the substrate 3 is greater than or equal to 3.0mm, since the ring-shaped light spot on the substrate 3 is larger, the energy is more dispersed, and therefore higher laser energy input is required to form a molten pool on the stainless steel substrate 3, and the larger laser energy input will cause larger thermal deformation of the stainless steel substrate 3, and the heat affected zone of the molten pool is larger, which cannot meet the actual production requirements.

[0038] In a preferred scheme, when the laser head 1 emits light, the laser power and the wire feeding rate are adjusted according to the light emission time. The laser power-time gradient stage power control strategy can be used for laser wire feeding additive manufacturing to achieve dynamic balance of the molten pool and ensure that the formed surface is flat and defect-free.

[0039] Specifically, the first laser power is used to process the molten pool on the surface of the substrate 3, and the wire material 2 is fed into the molten pool at the first wire feeding rate; and when the amount of wire material 2 in the molten pool reaches a certain amount, the second laser power is used to emit light on the molten pool, and the wire material 2 is fed at the second wire feeding rate, and the second laser power is less than the first laser power, and the second wire feeding rate is less than the first wire feeding rate. In this embodiment, since the absorption rate of metal materials to laser increases with the increase of temperature, when the amount of wire material 2 in the molten pool reaches a certain amount, the laser power of the laser head 1 and the wire feeding rate of the wire feeding mechanism are reduced.

[0040] Preferably, before processing the molten pool with the first laser power, the laser head 1 processes the surface of the base material 3 with a third laser power, that is, when the end of the wire 2 moves to the surface of the base material 3, the laser head 1 first heats the surface of the base material 3 with the third laser power, at this time the wire 2 is fed at a third wire feeding rate, and after a period of time, the laser head 1 processes the molten pool with the first laser power. Specifically, the third wire feeding rate is less than the second wire feeding rate, the third laser power is less than the first laser power, and greater than the second laser power. In this embodiment, since the wire 2 and the base material 3 are both metal materials, when the end of the wire 2 contacts the surface of the base material 3, an electric circuit is formed between the wire 2 and the base material 3, thereby sending a working signal to the laser, and the laser head 1 emits laser, and at this time the laser power of the laser head 1 is the third laser power to heat the corresponding position of the base material 3, and after a period of time, the laser power of the laser head 1 is increased to the first laser power to continuously heat the base material 3.

[0041] In this embodiment, when the wire 2 contacts the base material 3, the conduction signal of the wire 2 and the base material 3 is received, and the signal is transmitted to the laser to start emitting laser, at this time the laser head 1 preheats the base material 3 with the third laser power, the third laser power is 1800W, and the duration is 50ms, to form a molten pool on the base material 3. Since the third laser power is relatively low, in order to prevent the material impurities on the surface and inside of the base material 3 from being rapidly vaporized and splashed due to the instantaneous high power, the wire feeding mechanism continuously feeds the wire at a third wire feeding rate, for example, at a speed of 475mm / min for 50ms, at this time the base material 3 has formed a stable molten pool and the wire 2 has entered the inside of the molten pool; Due to the addition of the wire 2, the amount of metal to be melted increases, so the third laser power is increased to the first laser power, specifically 1900W, and the duration is 110ms, and the wire feeding rate of the wire 2 is increased to 1750mm / min to accelerate the melting of the wire 2 to improve efficiency; Since the absorption rate of the metal material to the laser will increase with the increase of the temperature, when the wire 2 is melted to a certain amount, the first laser power is reduced to the second laser power, specifically 1700W, and the duration is 80ms, and the wire feeding rate is 1250mm / min.

[0042] In the above embodiment, the laser head 1 is continuously optimized. After the laser head 1 works at the second laser power for a preset time, the fourth laser power is adjusted, and the wire material 2 is continuously fed at the fourth wire feeding rate; the fourth laser power is less than the second laser power, and the fourth wire feeding rate is less than the second wire feeding rate. In this embodiment, after continuous heating by the third laser power, the first laser power and the second laser power, the heat input in the molten pool continuously accumulates, and then the second laser power of the laser head 1 is reduced to the fourth laser power again, which can be 1100W, and at the same time the wire feeding rate is reduced from the second wire feeding rate to the fourth wire feeding rate, which can be reduced to 900mm / min, and the process laser light output duration is 140ms.

[0043] After the laser head 1 continuously works at the fourth laser power for the above-mentioned time, the wire material 2 is separated from the molten pool, and the wire material 2 is melted and the molten pool is kept warm at the fifth laser power. Specifically, during the separation of the wire material 2, the wire feeding direction of the wire feeding mechanism is reversed, the wire drawing rate is set to -3000mm / min, the time is 30ms, and the laser power at this time is 1000W, so as to melt the wire material 2 and keep warm. After the wire material 2 is separated from the additive manufacturing product, the wire drawing rate is set to -2000mm / min, the time is 20ms, and the laser power at this time is 1000W, so as to continue to heat the additive manufacturing product surface by light output, reduce the cooling rate of the molten pool, and make the sample surface morphology more uniform and consistent.

[0044] In the above additive manufacturing method, a laser power-time gradient stage power control strategy is used for laser wire feeding additive manufacturing. A low-power laser (1800W) is used to initially preheat the base material 3 to form a molten pool, then the power is increased (1900W) to melt the wire material 2, and then the power is gradually reduced (1700W-1100W-1000W) to slow down the cooling rate. At the same time, combined with the dynamic wire feeding rate (5000→450→1750→900 mm / min) and the wire drawing rate (-3000→-2000 mm / min), the molten pool dynamic balance is realized, and the formed surface is smooth and defect-free. Based on the above additive manufacturing method, when a cylindrical structure stainless steel product with a diameter of 3mm and a height of 4mm is subjected to additive manufacturing, the total time only needs 3s, which greatly improves the production efficiency, and the morphology of the additive manufacturing product is uniform and consistent without defects.

[0045] Optimizing the above embodiment, the melt pool characteristics in the additive manufacturing process are monitored, including brightness and morphology, etc. The brightness of the melt pool can be monitored by a photodiode, and the temperature change of the melt pool can be determined by the brightness; the geometry of the melt pool can be obtained by a visual camera detection system, and the geometry of the melt pool can be detected by the visual camera detection system. Based on this, the melt pool characteristics of each stage in the additive manufacturing process (the first stage corresponding to the third laser power and the third wire feeding rate, the second stage corresponding to the first laser power and the first wire feeding rate, the third stage corresponding to the second laser power and the second wire feeding rate, and the fourth stage corresponding to the fourth laser power and the fourth wire feeding rate) are preset. The real-time detected melt pool characteristics are compared with the preset melt pool characteristics of the corresponding stage, and when the difference between the two is within the threshold range, the laser power of the laser head and the wire feeding mechanism are not adjusted, and when the difference between the two is greater than the threshold, the laser power of the laser head or the wire feeding rate is adjusted.

[0046] For the preset values of the melt pool brightness and the melt pool morphology of each stage, the laser power and the wire feeding rate corresponding to the stage are determined, such as the melt pool brightness of the first stage, which can be determined by the third laser power and the third wire feeding rate. The melt pool brightness of the second stage can be determined by the first laser power and the first wire feeding rate, the melt pool brightness of the third stage can be determined by the second laser power and the second wire feeding rate, and the melt pool brightness of the fourth stage can be determined by the fourth laser power and the fourth wire feeding rate.

[0047] Specifically, when the brightness difference is greater than the threshold, and the brightness detected by the photodiode is greater than the preset brightness, the laser power of the laser head can be reduced, and when the detected brightness is less than the preset brightness, the laser power of the laser head can be increased or the corresponding wire feeding rate can be reduced. Similarly, when the melt pool morphology changes, such as the melt width increases and is greater than the threshold, the laser power can be reduced, and when the melt width decreases and is greater than the threshold, the laser power can be increased or the wire feeding rate can be reduced. Here, the laser power and the wire feeding rate are the laser power and the wire feeding rate corresponding to the stage, such as when in the first stage, the third laser power is used as the reference power, and the third wire feeding rate is used as the reference rate. The third laser power is increased or decreased according to the melt pool characteristics, or the third wire feeding rate is adjusted. In the preferred embodiment, when the difference is small, the wire feeding rate can be adjusted by control, and when the difference is large, the laser power can be adjusted, or the wire feeding rate can be adjusted synchronously.

[0048] The embodiment of the present application also provides a laser wire feeding additive manufacturing device, which comprises a laser, a wire feeding mechanism and a control unit, and is used for realizing the additive manufacturing method. The laser can be used as an energy unit, can process a molten pool on the base material 3 and can continuously keep the molten pool warm; the wire feeding mechanism is a material conveying unit, can continuously feed the wire into the molten pool, and can also draw the wire 2 out of the molten pool when the material in the molten pool reaches a set value; the control unit can control the work of the laser and the wire feeding mechanism, specifically, can adjust the laser power of the laser head 1 of the laser and the wire feeding rate of the wire feeding mechanism according to the light emitting time of the laser. Of course, in an embodiment, the additive manufacturing device also comprises the above-mentioned visual camera system 4, which is used for positioning the position of the wire 2 in real time. The additive manufacturing device provided by the embodiment adopts the additive manufacturing method to prepare products on the base material 3, and not only has very high production efficiency, but also has very high surface consistency of the prepared products, especially for cylindrical products, the surface is uniform, smooth and flat, and the product quality is guaranteed.

[0049] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser wire feeding additive manufacturing method, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: setting the wire in the center of the wire feeder, and adjusting the focal point of the laser head to be below the surface of the substrate; controlling the wire end to move to the surface of the substrate; the laser head processes a molten pool on the surface of the substrate, and continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool; when the wire end moves to the surface of the substrate, the laser head first heats the surface of the substrate with a third laser power, the wire is fed at a third wire feeding rate, and after a period of time, the laser head processes the molten pool with a first laser power, the wire is fed into the molten pool at a first wire feeding rate, the third laser power is less than the first laser power, and the third wire feeding rate is less than the first wire feeding rate; when the wire in the molten pool reaches a certain amount, the molten pool is lighted with a second laser power, and the wire is fed at a second wire feeding rate, the third wire feeding rate is less than the second wire feeding rate, the second wire feeding rate is less than the first wire feeding rate, and the third laser power is greater than the second laser power; and when the laser head works with the second laser power for a preset time, the fourth laser power is adjusted, and the wire is fed at a fourth wire feeding rate; the fourth laser power is less than the second laser power, and the fourth wire feeding rate is less than the second wire feeding rate; and when the material in the molten pool reaches a set value, the wire is extracted to a distance above the substrate.

2. The laser-wire feeding additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein, The relative distance between the center of the wire and the center of the wire feeder is detected by a visual camera detection system, and when the detected relative distance is within a set range, it is determined that the wire is in the center of the wire feeder.

3. The laser-wire feeding additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein, A detection plate is placed on the surface of the substrate, the laser head is controlled to move along the optical axis direction, and when the outer diameter of the annular light spot on the detection plate is the smallest, this is the focal point position of the laser; the laser head is controlled to move downward so that the focal point of the laser is below the surface of the substrate.

4. The laser-wire feeding additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein, When the wire end contacts the surface of the substrate, the wire and the substrate form a circuit conduction to control the laser head to emit light to the substrate.

5. The laser-wire feeding additive manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The molten pool characteristics in each stage of the preset molten pool processing process are set, the molten pool characteristics include brightness and appearance; and during the molten pool processing process, the molten pool characteristics are detected in real time, and compared with the preset values of the corresponding stages, and when the difference between the two is greater than a threshold value, the laser power and the wire feeding rate of the laser head are adjusted.

6. The laser-wire feeding additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein, When the wire is extracted, the wire is fused with a fifth laser power, and the molten pool is kept warm with the fifth laser power.

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