Multi-compartment linkage semiconductor refrigeration control method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-compartment linkage semiconductor refrigeration control method and system, comprising: multi-compartment independent temperature control, for a plurality of independent battery compartments independent temperature control, with the semiconductor refrigeration unit and temperature sensor equipped in each compartment, complete independent temperature acquisition and PID control, so that the temperature of each battery compartment is maintained in the target temperature range set respectively;Multiple independent battery compartments, the semiconductor refrigeration unit equipped in each battery compartment, temperature sensor, central controller and communication interface with battery management system.The system acquires the temperature data of each battery compartment in real time by temperature sensor, and transmits data to central controller.Central controller calculates the control instruction of each semiconductor refrigeration unit according to preset temperature control strategy, load balancing algorithm and high-temperature priority cooling strategy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, specifically to a multi-compartment linkage semiconductor cooling control method and system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and energy storage technologies, lithium-ion batteries, as their core components, are significantly affected by temperature in terms of performance, lifespan, and safety. Batteries generate heat during charging and discharging; if this heat cannot be dissipated effectively and promptly, the battery temperature will rise, leading to capacity decay, increased internal resistance, shortened cycle life, and even potential safety issues such as thermal runaway. Therefore, efficient and precise temperature management of battery systems is crucial.

[0003] Currently, battery thermal management technologies mainly include air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change cooling. Air cooling systems are simple in structure and low in cost, but their heat dissipation efficiency is limited, making them unsuitable for the heat dissipation requirements of high-power battery systems. Liquid cooling systems offer high heat dissipation efficiency, but their structure is complex, their cost is high, and they pose a risk of leakage. Phase change cooling technology is still in the development stage and its application scope is limited.

[0004] Semiconductor refrigeration technology, as a novel refrigeration method, boasts advantages such as refrigerant-free operation, small size, light weight, noiseless operation, vibration-free operation, fast response speed, high temperature control accuracy, and bidirectional controllability for both cooling and heating. Currently, semiconductor refrigeration is widely used in small refrigeration equipment, medical devices, precision instruments, and personal wearable devices. In battery thermal management, there have been attempts to apply semiconductor refrigeration chips to the temperature control of battery compartments or modules; however, these applications mostly focus on the temperature control of a single battery compartment or module, lacking comprehensive and coordinated management for multi-battery compartment systems.

[0005] Existing battery thermal management systems commonly suffer from the following problems in multi-battery compartment applications:

[0006] Insufficient independent temperature control capability: Traditional thermal management systems typically employ a uniform cooling strategy, making it difficult to achieve independent and precise temperature control for different battery compartments. However, in practical applications, different battery compartments may exhibit temperature differences due to factors such as their location, operating status, and environmental influences, requiring independent temperature control to ensure that each battery compartment operates within its optimal temperature range.

[0007] Lack of load balancing mechanism: In multi-compartment systems, simple independent temperature control may lead to some refrigeration units operating at high loads for extended periods, while others operate at lower loads, resulting in energy waste and uneven equipment lifespan. The lack of an effective load balancing algorithm prevents the dynamic allocation of refrigeration resources based on the actual heat load of each battery compartment, reducing the overall system efficiency.

[0008] Lack of a high-temperature priority cooling strategy: When the battery system experiences localized overheating, failure to promptly and effectively cool the high-temperature areas may lead to heat accumulation, accelerate battery performance degradation, or even cause safety accidents.

[0009] Insufficient integration with BMS: The Battery Management System (BMS) is the brain of the battery system, holding key information such as the battery's health status and charge / discharge status. However, the existing thermal management system has limited integration with the BMS, failing to fully utilize BMS data for proactive and predictive thermal management, such as pre-cooling before charging or swapping to optimize battery performance and extend lifespan.

[0010] In summary, existing technologies have many shortcomings in multi-compartment coordinated semiconductor cooling control, especially in the field of battery thermal management, lacking a comprehensive solution capable of achieving independent temperature control of multiple compartments, load balancing, priority cooling of high-temperature compartments, and deep integration with the BMS. This invention aims to solve the above problems by providing a multi-compartment coordinated semiconductor cooling control method and system. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-compartment linkage semiconductor cooling control method and system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-compartment linkage semiconductor cooling control method, comprising:

[0013] S1. Multi-compartment independent temperature control: Independent temperature control is implemented for multiple independent battery compartments. With the help of the semiconductor cooling unit and temperature sensor equipped in each compartment, independent temperature acquisition and PID control are completed to maintain the temperature of each battery compartment within its own set target temperature range.

[0014] S2. Dynamic load balancing: Periodically assess the heat load requirements of each battery compartment and the operating status of each semiconductor cooling unit. Based on the preset load balancing algorithm, dynamically adjust the power distribution of each semiconductor cooling unit to achieve overall system energy consumption optimization and balanced operating life of each unit.

[0015] S3. High-temperature priority cooling: continuously monitor the temperature of each battery compartment. When the temperature of any battery compartment exceeds the preset emergency threshold, immediately activate the high-temperature priority cooling strategy and concentrate cooling resources to cool the high-temperature battery compartment with priority and maximum power.

[0016] S4. Integration with the Battery Management System (BMS): Through a communication interface, the system exchanges data bidirectionally with the BMS, dynamically adjusts the temperature control strategy based on the battery status information provided by the BMS, and executes the commands issued by the BMS.

[0017] Preferably, in step S1, the multi-compartment independent temperature control specifically includes:

[0018] Set a target temperature T for each battery compartment i target，i ;

[0019] The current temperature T of the battery compartment i is obtained in real time through a temperature sensor. i (t);

[0020] Based on temperature deviation e i (y)=T target，i -T i (t), the required cooling power command P of the semiconductor cooling unit is calculated using a PID control algorithm. i (t);

[0021] The power command P is transmitted through the actuator. i (t) is converted into precise current control of the semiconductor cooling unit to adjust its cooling capacity.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, the optimization objective of the load balancing algorithm includes minimizing the total system energy consumption ∑P. i And balance the cumulative operating time U of each semiconductor cooling unit i The constraint is that the temperature T of each battery compartment is... i Maintain at the target temperature T target，i Within the allowable fluctuation range.

[0023] Preferably, the load balancing algorithm's strategy includes:

[0024] Based on efficiency allocation, cooling tasks are preferentially assigned to semiconductor cooling units that are currently operating at higher efficiency.

[0025] Based on lifetime allocation, cooling tasks are preferentially assigned to semiconductor cooling units with shorter cumulative operating time;

[0026] Polling and hibernation allow some semiconductor cooling units to enter a rotating hibernation state when the total system heat load is low.

[0027] Preferably, in step S3, the high-temperature preferential cooling specifically includes:

[0028] Set the warning temperature threshold T warning and emergency temperature threshold T emergency ;

[0029] When the temperature T of any battery compartment i i Reaching or exceeding the emergency temperature threshold T emergency Immediately set the power of the semiconductor unit corresponding to the battery compartment to the maximum value;

[0030] At the same time, based on the total power limit of the system, the power of the semiconductor cooling units in other non-emergency battery compartments is temporarily reduced or turned off in order to concentrate cooling resources on the semiconductor cooling units in the high-temperature battery compartments.

[0031] Preferably, in step S4, the linkage with the battery management system includes a pre-cooling strategy before charging or battery swapping, specifically:

[0032] The central controller receives a pre-cooling command from the BMS. This command is sent when the BMS anticipates that a charging or battery swapping operation is about to begin. Based on the pre-cooling command, the central controller activates the semiconductor cooling unit to pre-cool the battery compartment until the battery temperature reaches the optimal charging or battery swapping target temperature set by the BMS.

[0033] Preferably, in step S4, the linkage with the battery management system further includes:

[0034] Based on the battery state of charge and health status provided by the battery management system, the target temperature of each battery compartment is dynamically adjusted.

[0035] Based on the battery management system's prediction of high-power charging and discharging, the cooling capacity is adjusted in advance to cope with the upcoming heat load.

[0036] A system for implementing the above method includes:

[0037] Battery compartment, used to house one or more battery modules or cells;

[0038] A semiconductor cooling unit is provided on each battery compartment;

[0039] Temperature sensors: Multiple temperature sensors are installed inside each battery compartment.

[0040] The central controller, as the core of the entire system, receives data from the load, executes temperature control algorithms, generates control commands, manages the operating status of the semiconductor refrigeration unit, and communicates with the battery management system.

[0041] The actuator drives the semiconductor cooling unit to work according to the instructions of the central controller;

[0042] The battery management system, the core control unit of the battery system, is responsible for detecting key parameters of the battery and interacting with the central controller through a communication interface.

[0043] The communication interface uses a CAN bus for data exchange between the central controller and the battery management system.

[0044] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: multiple independent battery compartments, each equipped with a semiconductor cooling unit, a temperature sensor, a central controller, and a communication interface with the battery management system (BMS). The system collects temperature data from each battery compartment in real time via the temperature sensor and transmits the data to the central controller. The central controller calculates control commands for each semiconductor cooling unit based on preset temperature control strategies, load balancing algorithms, and high-temperature priority cooling strategies, and drives the semiconductor cooling unit to perform cooling through actuators. Simultaneously, the central controller communicates bidirectionally with the BMS to obtain battery operating status information and adjusts the temperature control strategy according to the BMS's commands, achieving system-level intelligent linkage. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system architecture of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the multi-compartment independent PID temperature control of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the dynamic load balancing process of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the high-temperature priority cooling process of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the data interaction between the present invention and the BMS. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] Please see Figure 1-5 This invention provides a technical solution, the overall architecture of which mainly includes:

[0052] Battery compartment: refers to an independent physical space within a battery system, each space capable of accommodating one or more battery modules or cells. This invention targets systems with multiple independent battery compartments, such as battery packs for electric vehicles and battery clusters for large-scale energy storage power stations.

[0053] Semiconductor Cooling Unit (TECU): Each battery compartment is independently equipped with at least one semiconductor cooling unit. Each TECU consists of a semiconductor cooling chip, a cold-end heat sink, a hot-end heat sink, a fan, etc. The semiconductor cooling chip is driven by direct current and utilizes the Peltier effect to transfer heat from the cold end to the hot end, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling or heating. By controlling the magnitude and direction of the current of the TECU, its cooling or heating capacity can be precisely adjusted.

[0054] Temperature sensors: Multiple temperature sensors, such as thermistors and thermocouples, are deployed in each battery compartment to monitor the temperature of the battery module or cell in real time and accurately. Sensor data is transmitted to the central controller via wired or wireless means.

[0055] Central Controller: As the core of the entire thermal management system, it is responsible for receiving temperature data, executing temperature control algorithms, generating control commands, managing the operating status of the semiconductor refrigeration units, and communicating with the BMS. The central controller is typically composed of a high-performance microcontroller or digital signal processor, possessing powerful data processing and real-time control capabilities.

[0056] Actuator: Drives the thermoelectric cooling unit according to the instructions of the central controller. The actuator typically includes a PWM controller, H-bridge drive circuit, etc., to precisely control the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the thermoelectric cooling chip.

[0057] Battery Management System (BMS): The core control unit of the battery system, responsible for monitoring key parameters such as battery voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and SOH, and providing overcharge, over-discharge, over-temperature, and over-current protection, as well as battery balancing management. The BMS interacts with the central controller via a communication interface.

[0058] Communication interface: Used for data exchange between the central controller and the BMS, ensuring that the two can work together in real time and efficiently. Typical communication interfaces include CAN, LIN, and Ethernet.

[0059] Through the above architecture, the present invention can realize distributed and refined temperature management of multi-battery compartment systems, laying the foundation for the implementation of subsequent independent temperature control, load balancing, high-temperature priority cooling and BMS linkage strategies.

[0060] I. Multi-compartment independent temperature control

[0061] Independent temperature control across multiple battery compartments is the foundation of this invention, designed to ensure that each battery compartment maintains its own optimal operating temperature range, thereby maximizing battery performance and lifespan. Unlike traditional uniform temperature control, this invention equips each battery compartment with an independent semiconductor cooling unit (TECU) and temperature sensor, which are independently controlled by a central controller.

[0062] 1. Temperature Data Acquisition: Multiple temperature sensors are deployed in each battery compartment. These sensors collect temperature data from their respective compartments in real time and transmit it to the central controller. To improve the accuracy and representativeness of temperature measurements, multi-point measurements can be taken and averaged or weighted averaged.

[0063] 2. Target Temperature Setting: Each battery compartment can be set with an independent target temperature range based on the type of battery inside, its operating status (such as charging, discharging, and standby), and external environmental conditions. For example, some battery types perform better at specific temperatures, or require lower temperatures during charging to suppress side reactions.

[0064] 3. Independent PID Control: The central controller runs an independent PID control algorithm for each battery compartment. Based on the deviation between the actual temperature of the current battery compartment and the target temperature, the required cooling capacity is calculated.

[0065] Specifically:

[0066] 3.1 Proportional Term (P): Quickly adjusts the cooling output based on the magnitude of the current temperature deviation. The greater the deviation, the greater the cooling capacity output.

[0067] 3.2 Integral Term (I): Eliminates steady-state error and ensures that the battery compartment temperature ultimately reaches the target temperature accurately. When the temperature deviates from the target value for a long time, the integral term will gradually accumulate, increasing or decreasing the cooling output.

[0068] 3.3 Differential Term (D): Predicts temperature change trends, suppresses overshoot and oscillations, and improves the system's response speed and stability. When the temperature changes rapidly, the differential term will adjust in advance.

[0069] 4. TECU Power Regulation: The output signal of the PID controller is converted into a power regulation command for the corresponding thermoelectric cooling unit. Since the thermoelectric cooling chip controls the cooling capacity by the magnitude of the current, the central controller adjusts the current flowing through the TECU through PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) or other precise current control methods, thereby achieving precise control of the cooling capacity. For example, when the battery compartment temperature is higher than the target temperature, the current of the TECU is increased to enhance cooling; when the temperature is lower than the target temperature, the current is reduced or the TECU is turned off.

[0070] 5. Temperature fluctuation suppression: Through high-frequency temperature sampling and fast-response PID control, the system can effectively suppress temperature fluctuations inside the battery compartment and maintain the temperature within the set target range, typically achieving a temperature control accuracy of ±0.5℃ or even higher.

[0071] 6. Algorithm Formula: For each battery compartment I, the goal of its independent PID temperature control algorithm is to achieve a battery compartment temperature T. i (t) approaches the target temperature T target，i The output P of the PID controller i (t) consists of a proportional term, an integral term, and a differential term, specifically:

[0072] Among them, e i(t)=T target，i -T i (t) represents the temperature deviation of battery compartment i at time t. K p It is a proportionality coefficient that determines the corresponding strength of the current deviation. K i It is the integral coefficient, used to eliminate the effects of steady-state error and accumulated historical deviation. K d These are differential coefficients used to predict future deviations and suppress overshoot.

[0073] Algorithm flow: Set the target temperature T for each battery compartment i. target，i and initialize the PID parameter K. p K i and K d The process is repeated every Δt time interval, obtaining the current temperature T from the temperature sensor in battery compartment i. i (t). Calculate the deviation e i (t)=T target，i -T i (t). Calculate the PID output, and calculate P according to the PID formula above. i (t). For P i (t) Saturation limiting is applied to ensure it remains within the physical cooling power range of the TECU (P min ≤p i (t)≤P max ). P i (t) is converted into the PWM duty cycle or current command of the TECU to drive the TECU to work.

[0074] Based on the aforementioned multi-compartment independent temperature control mechanism, it ensures that the batteries in each compartment operate within their optimal temperature range, thereby improving battery charge / discharge efficiency, energy density, and power output. It reduces performance degradation caused by overheating or overcooling, significantly extending battery cycle life and calendar life. It avoids localized hotspots and temperature runaway, reducing the risk of thermal runaway. It can flexibly adapt to the differentiated temperature control requirements of different battery compartments, such as independently managing different types of batteries in a hybrid battery system.

[0075] II. Load Balancing Algorithm

[0076] Building upon multi-compartment independent temperature control, this invention introduces a load balancing algorithm to optimize the operating efficiency of the semiconductor cooling unit (TECU), extend its lifespan, and reduce overall system energy consumption. In multi-compartment systems, the thermal load may vary due to differences in the operating status, environmental conditions, and battery aging levels of each compartment. Simple independent temperature control may cause some TECUs to operate under high load for extended periods, while others operate under lower loads. This not only reduces the lifespan of the high-load TECUs but also decreases the overall system energy efficiency.

[0077] The load balancing algorithm of this invention is a dynamic optimization process that periodically evaluates the operating status of each TECU and the thermal load requirements of each battery compartment, and adjusts the power allocation of the TECU accordingly. This algorithm can be implemented based on one or more of the following strategies:

[0078] 1. Efficiency Curve-Based Optimization: Each thermoelectric cooler (TECU) has its own specific efficiency curve (COP, coefficient of performance), which is the ratio of cooling capacity to input power. Typically, a TECU has its highest COP at a specific operating point. The load balancing algorithm attempts to adjust the operating point of each TECU to its high-efficiency range.

[0079] When a battery compartment requires a large amount of cooling, the algorithm will prioritize scheduling TECUs in the high-efficiency range to handle this load, or coordinate multiple TECUs to meet the demand, rather than letting a single TECU work in an inefficient or overloaded state for a long time.

[0080] 2. Dynamic Load Allocation: The central controller continuously monitors the real-time temperature and temperature change rate of each battery compartment, and estimates the current heat load demand of each compartment based on its target temperature. The algorithm dynamically allocates the total cooling capacity according to the current operating status of each TECU, such as allocated power, remaining cooling capacity, operating temperature, etc., and the heat load demand of each battery compartment. For example, if the temperature sensor of a TECU shows that its hot end temperature is too high, the algorithm will temporarily reduce its load and allocate its cooling task to other TECUs. When the total cooling capacity of the system is excessive, the algorithm will prioritize reducing the power of those TECUs with lower efficiency or higher load to save energy.

[0081] 3. Polling and Sleep Strategy: For battery compartments with low heat load, a strategy of TECU polling or periodic sleep can be adopted. For example, when the temperature of a battery compartment stabilizes within the target range, some TECUs can be shut down and put into sleep mode, and then woken up again when the temperature rises. Different TECUs can take turns sleeping to balance their cumulative operating time. This strategy helps to extend the overall lifespan of TECUs and reduce standby power consumption.

[0082] 4. Predictive Load Balancing: By combining data such as battery charging / discharging current, voltage, and SOC provided by the BMS, the central controller can predict the thermal load trends of each battery compartment over a future period. For example, when the BMS indicates that the battery is about to enter a high-current charging or discharging phase, the algorithm can anticipate heat generation and pre-adjust the power allocation of the TECUs to smoothly cope with the increase in thermal load. This predictive mechanism can reduce temperature fluctuations and improve system stability.

[0083] 5. Algorithm Flow: The central controller collects the temperature T of all battery compartments every Δt time interval.i Target temperature T target，i and the current power P of the TECU i，current and cumulative working hours U i For each battery compartment i, estimate its current heat load requirement Q. demand，i This can be achieved through temperature deviation e i and the rate of change of temperature dT i / dt is used for comprehensive judgment: Q demand，i =f(e i dT i / dt), where f is a mapping function that can be determined empirically or by a model. Evaluate the model and operating point of each TECU, and query or calculate its current efficiency (COP). i .

[0084] Total demand: Q total，demand =∑Q demand，i Total available power: P total，available =∑P max，i .

[0085] If Q total，demand Much smaller than P total，available If so, consider reducing the power of some TECUs, or even putting them into hibernation, to save energy. Prioritize reducing the power of TECUs with lower efficiency or longer cumulative operating time.

[0086] If Q total，demand Approaching or exceeding P total，available This requires more refined allocation. Based on efficiency, priority can be given to allocating resources to the current work efficiency (COP). i The TECU. Based on lifespan balancing, it can be preferentially allocated to the cumulative working time U. i Shorter TECUs are used to even out wear across all TECUs. Prioritization allows for better cooling of the high-temperature warning battery compartment.

[0087] III. Prioritize cooling down high-temperature areas.

[0088] In multi-battery compartment systems, when the temperature of some battery compartments rises abnormally, even approaching or exceeding safety thresholds, immediate measures must be taken to prioritize cooling to prevent thermal runaway and ensure system safety. This invention proposes a high-temperature priority cooling strategy to ensure that, in emergency situations, the system can quickly identify and concentrate resources to cool the high-temperature battery compartments.

[0089] The high-temperature priority cooling strategy is an advanced application of load balancing algorithms. When abnormally high temperatures are detected, it temporarily adjusts or overrides the regular load balancing distribution to meet emergency cooling needs. The implementation of this strategy includes the following key steps:

[0090] 1. Temperature threshold setting: Set one or more temperature thresholds for each battery compartment, for example:

[0091] Warning threshold T warning When the battery compartment temperature reaches this threshold, the system issues an alert and begins to monitor the temperature change trend of the battery compartment.

[0092] Emergency threshold T emergency When the battery compartment temperature reaches this threshold, the system immediately activates the high-temperature priority cooling mode and may trigger an alarm.

[0093] These thresholds can be dynamically adjusted based on battery type, application scenario, and safety standards.

[0094] 2. High-Temperature Battery Compartment Identification: The central controller continuously monitors the temperature data of all battery compartments. Once the temperature T of a certain battery compartment... i Exceeding the warning threshold T warning or its rate of temperature rise dT i If / dt is too fast, the system will mark it as a high temperature warning state.

[0095] If the temperature of the battery compartment is T i Further reaching or exceeding the emergency threshold T emergency If so, the battery compartment is marked as being in an emergency high-temperature state and granted the highest priority for cooling.

[0096] 3. Centralized Allocation of Cooling Resources: When an emergency high-temperature battery compartment is detected, the central controller will immediately adjust the power allocation strategy of the semiconductor cooling unit (TECU). Priority will be given to setting the TECU corresponding to the battery compartment in emergency high-temperature condition to maximum power output mode for the fastest possible cooling.

[0097] If the maximum power of a single TECU is insufficient to handle an emergency, or if the system's total cooling capacity is limited, the algorithm will temporarily allocate some cooling resources from other battery compartments with normal temperatures or under warning conditions. This involves reducing the power of other TECUs or even temporarily shutting down some non-critical TECUs to concentrate cooling power on the emergency high-temperature battery compartment. This resource allocation is dynamic; once the temperature of the high-temperature battery compartment returns to normal, the allocated resources will be returned.

[0098] 4. Feedback and Adjustment: In the high-temperature priority cooling mode, the system will monitor the temperature changes of the high-temperature battery compartment more frequently and dynamically adjust the power output of the TECU according to the cooling effect until the temperature drops back to a safe range. Once the temperature of the high-temperature battery compartment drops below the safe threshold, the system will gradually return to the normal load balancing temperature control mode.

[0099] 5. Alarms and Recording: When a high-temperature warning or emergency cooling is triggered, the system will generate corresponding alarm information and report it to the vehicle or energy storage system's central control unit via the BMS or other communication interfaces, so that operators can intervene in a timely manner. Simultaneously, the system will record the occurrence time, duration, maximum temperature of the high-temperature event, and the cooling measures taken, providing data support for subsequent fault diagnosis and system optimization.

[0100] 6. Algorithm Flow: The central controller continuously monitors the temperature T of all battery compartments. i If there is any temperature T in the battery compartment i i ≥T emergency This triggers the high-temperature priority cooling mode.

[0101] Target TECU maximum power: Set the power command of all TECUs corresponding to the battery compartments that are in an emergency high-temperature state to the maximum value.

[0102] Non-target TECU power adjustment: For other battery compartments i with normal temperature or in a warning state, the power command P of the corresponding TECU is... i It can be temporarily reduced, or even set to 0, to allocate more of the total system power P. system，max Resources are allocated to the high-temperature battery compartment.

[0103] Ensure that the temperature of the battery compartment i, whose power has been reduced, does not rapidly rise to a dangerous level within a short period of time. This can be based on T. i With T target，i deviation and dT i / dt determines P i The reduction rate. Ensure the adjusted ∑P i ≤P system，max .

[0104] Example scenario:

[0105] Assume a battery pack has three battery compartments, A, B, and C. Under normal operation, the temperatures of compartments A, B, and C are 25°C, 26°C, and 25°C respectively, and the system is in load balancing mode. Suddenly, due to a battery module malfunction or external environmental influences, the temperature of battery compartment B rapidly rises to 40°C (T0). warning =35℃, T emergency =40℃). At this point, the high-temperature priority cooling strategy will be activated, and the system will recognize that battery compartment B is in an emergency high-temperature state. The power output of the TECU corresponding to battery compartment B will be immediately adjusted to the maximum.

[0106] If the temperature of battery compartment B continues to rise or cools down slowly, the system will temporarily reduce the TECU power of battery compartments A and C, or even temporarily shut them down, concentrating more power and cooling capacity on battery compartment B. When the temperature of battery compartment B drops below 30°C, the system will gradually restore the TECU power of battery compartments A and C and re-enter the load balancing mode.

[0107] By implementing a high-temperature priority cooling strategy, this invention can effectively improve the safety redundancy and emergency response capabilities of multi-battery compartment systems, and minimize the risk of thermal runaway.

[0108] IV. Integration with Battery Management System (BMS)

[0109] A core innovation of this invention lies in achieving deep integration between the temperature control strategy and the Battery Management System (BMS). As the brain of the battery system, the BMS possesses comprehensive and real-time battery data, including voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), health status, and fault information. Through effective communication and data sharing with the BMS, the thermal management system can shift from passive response to proactive prediction and strategic control, thereby further optimizing battery performance, extending battery life, and improving safety.

[0110] The central controller and BMS exchange data bidirectionally through a high-speed, reliable communication interface.

[0111] Specific linkage mechanisms and strategies include:

[0112] 1. Real-time data sharing: The BMS provides the central controller with real-time data for each battery module or cell, including temperature, total voltage, total current, voltage of each battery string, SOC, SOH, charge / discharge power limits, and fault alarm information. The central controller provides the BMS with the average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature of each battery compartment, and the operating status of the semiconductor cooling unit.

[0113] 2. Temperature Target Adjustment Based on SOC and SOH: The BMS can dynamically adjust the target temperature range of each battery compartment based on the current SOC and SOH of the battery. For example, at low SOC, it may be necessary to maintain the battery temperature in a slightly higher range to reduce internal resistance for fast charging; while at high SOC, more stringent temperature control may be needed to prevent overcharging and heat accumulation. For batteries with low SOH, i.e., those with higher aging levels, the BMS can instruct the thermal management system to exercise more aggressive temperature control over the battery compartment to slow down its degradation rate.

[0114] 3. Pre-cooling strategy before charging and battery swapping: This is a key application scenario for the integration of the BMS and thermal management system. When the BMS detects that the vehicle is about to enter a charging station, through navigation information, user operation, or charging gun insertion signal detection, or when a battery swapping operation is about to begin, the BMS will send a pre-cooling command to the central controller in advance. Before charging or battery swapping begins, the battery temperature is pre-cooled to the optimal charging temperature range to improve charging efficiency, reduce battery internal resistance, reduce heat generation during charging, allow for higher charging current, and shorten charging time. This avoids damage to battery materials caused by excessively high battery temperatures during charging and reduces the risk of thermal runaway during charging.

[0115] Upon receiving a pre-cooling command, the central controller immediately activates all or some of the semiconductor cooling units to cool the battery compartment at maximum or preset power until the preset charging target temperature is reached. During the pre-cooling process, the system continuously monitors the temperature and dynamically adjusts the cooling power according to the cooling rate.

[0116] At a battery swapping station, the BMS can notify the thermal management system in advance that the battery pack is about to be removed. The thermal management system can then pre-cool or pre-heat the battery pack according to the instructions to ensure that it is in optimal condition before swapping, thereby improving swapping efficiency and safety.

[0117] 4. Temperature Management During Discharge: When the BMS detects that the vehicle is about to undergo high-power discharge, such as rapid acceleration or hill climbing, it predicts that the battery temperature will rise rapidly. The BMS can notify the thermal management system in advance to increase the cooling power to cope with the upcoming heat load. During continuous high-power discharge, the BMS will dynamically adjust the target temperature and cooling intensity of the thermal management system based on the real-time battery temperature and power output to ensure that the battery temperature does not exceed the safe threshold.

[0118] 5. Fault and Anomaly Linkage: When the BMS detects a serious fault such as battery overheating or thermal runaway, it will immediately send an emergency command to the central controller. Upon receiving the command, the central controller will immediately activate the highest level of cooling strategy and may trigger system alarms, or even disconnect the battery's charging and discharging circuits to maximize system safety. Conversely, if the thermal management system detects a TECU fault or an abnormal temperature sensor, it will also feed the information back to the BMS so that the BMS can make corresponding strategy adjustments or handle the fault.

[0119] Through the deep integration of the above-mentioned temperature control strategy with the BMS, this invention can achieve more intelligent, efficient and safe temperature management of the battery system, give full play to the advantages of semiconductor refrigeration technology, and provide strong support for the development of new energy vehicles and energy storage systems.

[0120] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-compartment linkage semiconductor cooling control method, characterized in that, include: S1. Multi-compartment independent temperature control: Independent temperature control is implemented for multiple independent battery compartments. With the help of the semiconductor cooling unit and temperature sensor equipped in each compartment, independent temperature acquisition and PID control are completed to maintain the temperature of each battery compartment within its own set target temperature range. S2. Dynamic load balancing: Periodically assess the heat load requirements of each battery compartment and the operating status of each semiconductor cooling unit. Based on the preset load balancing algorithm, dynamically adjust the power distribution of each semiconductor cooling unit to achieve overall system energy consumption optimization and balanced operating life of each unit. The optimization objective of the load balancing algorithm includes minimizing the total system energy consumption. And balance the cumulative operating time of each semiconductor cooling unit The constraint is to control the temperature of each battery compartment. Maintain at the target temperature Within the allowable fluctuation range; The load balancing algorithm's strategies include: Based on efficiency allocation, cooling tasks are preferentially assigned to semiconductor cooling units that are currently operating at higher efficiency. Based on lifetime allocation, cooling tasks are preferentially assigned to semiconductor cooling units with shorter cumulative operating time; Polling and hibernation allow some semiconductor cooling units to enter a rotating hibernation state when the total system heat load is low. S3. High-temperature priority cooling: continuously monitor the temperature of each battery compartment. When the temperature of any battery compartment exceeds the preset emergency threshold, immediately activate the high-temperature priority cooling strategy and concentrate cooling resources to cool the high-temperature battery compartment with priority and maximum power. S4. Integration with the Battery Management System (BMS): Through a communication interface, the system exchanges data bidirectionally with the BMS, dynamically adjusts the temperature control strategy based on the battery status information provided by the BMS, and executes the commands issued by the BMS.

2. The multi-compartment linkage semiconductor cooling control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the multi-compartment independent temperature control specifically includes: For each battery compartment Set a target temperature ; Real-time temperature monitoring of the battery compartment Current temperature ; Based on temperature deviation The PID control algorithm is used to calculate the cooling power command required by the semiconductor cooling unit. ; Power command transmitted through actuator This is converted into precise current control of the semiconductor cooling unit to regulate its cooling capacity.

3. The multi-compartment linkage semiconductor cooling control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the high-temperature preferential cooling specifically includes: Set warning temperature threshold and emergency temperature threshold ; When any battery compartment temperature Reaching or exceeding the emergency temperature threshold Immediately set the power of the semiconductor unit corresponding to the battery compartment to the maximum value; At the same time, based on the total power limit of the system, the power of the semiconductor cooling units in other non-emergency battery compartments is temporarily reduced or turned off in order to concentrate cooling resources on the semiconductor cooling units in the high-temperature battery compartments.

4. The multi-compartment linkage semiconductor cooling control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the linkage with the battery management system includes a pre-cooling strategy before charging or battery swapping, which specifically includes: The central controller receives a pre-cooling command from the BMS. This command is sent when the BMS anticipates that a charging or battery swapping operation is about to begin. Based on the pre-cooling command, the central controller activates the semiconductor cooling unit to pre-cool the battery compartment until the battery temperature reaches the optimal charging or battery swapping target temperature set by the BMS.

5. The multi-compartment linkage semiconductor cooling control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the linkage with the battery management system further includes: Based on the battery state of charge and health status provided by the battery management system, the target temperature of each battery compartment is dynamically adjusted. Based on the battery management system's prediction of high-power charging and discharging, the cooling capacity is adjusted in advance to cope with the upcoming heat load.

6. A system for implementing the multi-compartment linkage semiconductor cooling control method as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: Battery compartment, used to house one or more battery modules or cells; A semiconductor cooling unit is provided on each battery compartment; Temperature sensors: Multiple temperature sensors are installed inside each battery compartment. The central controller, as the core of the entire system, receives data from the load, executes temperature control algorithms, generates control commands, manages the operating status of the semiconductor refrigeration unit, and communicates with the battery management system. The actuator drives the semiconductor cooling unit to work according to the instructions of the central controller; The battery management system, the core control unit of the battery system, is responsible for detecting key parameters of the battery and interacting with the central controller through a communication interface. The communication interface uses a CAN bus for data exchange between the central controller and the battery management system.

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