Perovskite solar cell, preparation method and patterned perovskite solar cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a patterned perovskite solar cell. The cell comprises a transparent conducting layer, a grating layer and a back electrode which are sequentially arranged on a substrate in a stacked mode, a plurality of P1 grooves are carved in the transparent conducting layer at intervals, a plurality of sub-conducting layers arranged at intervals are formed, and the grating layer comprises a plurality of grating grooves. A light absorption layer placement area located on the upper surface of the sub-conducting layer is defined by the groove wall of the grating groove, the light absorption layer is formed in the grating groove, a back electrode is arranged on the light absorption layer, and the light absorption layer, the sub-conducting layer and the light absorption layer jointly form a sub-cell. And the plurality of sub-batteries are electrically connected in series end to end in the direction perpendicular to the P1 groove. According to the cell, the grating layer is arranged, so that a large amount of damage to the side surface of the perovskite caused by P2 scribing, P3 scribing and P4 scribing is avoided, and the efficiency of the cell is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar cell technology, specifically relating to a perovskite solar cell, its preparation method, and a patterned perovskite solar cell. Background Technology

[0002] Existing technologies use laser scribing (typically P1 scribing, P2 scribing, P3 scribing, and P4 scribing) to form sub-cells, for example, reference [reference]. Figure 1 However, P2, P3, and P4 markings cause significant damage to the perovskite's sidewalls, leading to instability in the perovskite light-absorbing layer and consequently reducing cell efficiency. Therefore, addressing the damage to the perovskite's sidewalls caused by laser marking is crucial for improving cell efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, one objective of this invention is to provide a perovskite solar cell, a method for fabricating it, and a patterned perovskite solar cell. By dividing the cell into independent sub-cells through a grid layer, the significant damage to the perovskite sides caused by P2, P3, and P4 markings is avoided, thereby improving the cell's efficiency.

[0004] In one aspect of the present invention, a perovskite solar cell is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cell includes a transparent conductive layer, a grid layer, and a back electrode sequentially stacked on a substrate. The transparent conductive layer has a plurality of P1 grooves etched at intervals to form a plurality of spaced sub-conductive layers. The grid layer includes a plurality of grid grooves, the walls of which define a light-absorbing layer placement area located on the upper surface of the sub-conductive layers. The light-absorbing layer is formed within the grid grooves, and the back electrode is disposed on the light-absorbing layer, forming a sub-cell together with the sub-conductive layers and the light-absorbing layer. A plurality of the sub-cells are electrically connected in series end-to-end in a direction perpendicular to the P1 grooves. Thus, the grid layer divides the cell into independent sub-cells, avoiding significant damage to the perovskite sides caused by P2, P3, and P4 etching, thereby improving the cell efficiency.

[0005] In addition, the perovskite solar cell according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following technical features:

[0006] In some embodiments of the present invention, the grid layer includes dead zone separators and P4 separators arranged in a crisscross pattern. The dead zone separators are arranged corresponding to each P1 slot. A plurality of the P4 separators are perpendicular to the dead zone separators and are spaced apart along the length of the P1 slot. The dead zone separators include P1 separators and P3 separators. The P1 separators are arranged directly corresponding to the P1 slots. The P3 separators are spaced apart on one side of the P1 separators in the series direction. The P1 separators and P3 separators form a P2 slot. A conductor for electrically connecting adjacent sub-cells is provided in the P2 slot.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, one end of the back electrode in the series direction extends beyond the P1 separator into the P2 groove to form the conductor.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, a spacer is further included between the P1 spacer and the P3 spacer in any of the dead zone spacers, the spacer being located on the extension path of the P4 spacer, and the back electrode forming a plurality of sub-cell back electrodes through a plurality of the spacers.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the series direction, two adjacent sets of back electrodes are arranged at a distance and separated by the P3 separator or the plane in which the P3 separator is located.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the grid layer is a transparent resin material.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the light-absorbing layer comprises a first transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a second transport layer stacked sequentially.

[0012] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for fabricating perovskite solar cells. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method includes:

[0013] P1 lines are etched on the transparent conductive layer to form multiple spaced P1 grooves on the transparent conductive layer;

[0014] Multiple spaced P4 separators are printed on the substrate or the transparent conductive layer along the location of the P4 groove of the solar cell.

[0015] A P1 separator is formed by filling and printing in the P1 slot, and a P3 separator is formed on one side of each P1 slot. The P3 separator, the P1 separator, and the P4 separator enclose a sub-cell fabrication area. A P2 slot is formed between the P1 separator and the P3 separator in the adjacent sub-cell fabrication area.

[0016] A light-absorbing layer is formed in the sub-cell fabrication region;

[0017] A back electrode is deposited above the light absorption layer, on the upper surface of the P1 separator, and in the P2 trench.

[0018] According to the method for fabricating perovskite solar cells of the present invention described above, P1 lines are etched on a transparent conductive layer to form multiple spaced P1 trenches on the transparent conductive layer. Multiple spaced P4 separators are printed on the substrate or transparent conductive layer along the position of the solar cell's P4 trenches, thus avoiding damage to the sides of the perovskite layer caused by the P4 etch. P1 separators are printed to fill and extend above the P1 trenches. P3 separators are printed on one side of each P1 trench. The P3 separators, P1 separators, and P4 separators enclose a sub-cell fabrication area. A P2 trench is formed between the P1 separator and the adjacent P3 separator in the sub-cell fabrication area, thus avoiding damage to the sides of the perovskite layer caused by the P2 etch. A light-absorbing layer is formed in the sub-cell fabrication area. A back electrode is deposited above the light-absorbing layer, on the upper surface of the P1 separators, and within the P2 trench, thereby forming multiple sub-cells. A gap is formed between the back electrodes of adjacent sub-cells, thus avoiding damage to the sides of the perovskite layer caused by the P3 etch. Therefore, by using this method, P4 separator, P1 separator and P3 separator are formed by printing, thereby forming multiple independent sub-cell preparation areas, and then sub-cells are formed in the above-mentioned sub-cell preparation areas. The whole process does not use laser scribing, avoiding the large amount of damage to the perovskite sidewalls caused by P2 scribing, P3 scribing and P4 scribing, thus improving the efficiency of the cell.

[0019] In addition, the method for preparing perovskite solar cells according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following technical features:

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of spacers distributed at intervals are also printed in the P2 groove. The two sides of the spacers are respectively connected to the P1 spacer and the P3 spacer. The back electrode is divided into a plurality of sub-battery back electrodes by the plurality of the spacers.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, the transmittance of the back electrode is not less than 20% of the transmittance of the P1 separator or the P3 separator.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the back electrode is a metallic conductive material with a thickness of 10 nm to 40 nm.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the P1 separator, the P3 separator, and the P4 separator are made of transparent resin material.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the materials of the P1 separator, the P3 separator, and the P4 separator each independently include at least one of epoxy resin, acrylic resin, and polyurethane resin.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the printing includes at least one of screen printing and inkjet printing.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the light-absorbing layer includes at least a perovskite layer, which is prepared by a solution method. The solution method includes: masking the P1 separator, P4 separator, and P3 separator with a mask; depositing a lead iodide film in the sub-cell fabrication area; removing the mask; applying an organic ammonium salt solution to the lead iodide film; annealing to form a perovskite layer; and cleaning the P2 tank with a solvent.

[0027] A third aspect of the present invention provides a patterned perovskite solar cell. According to embodiments of the invention, the cell employs the perovskite solar cell described above or prepared by the above method, and the plurality of the grid grooves are arranged in a pixel-like patterned distribution. This improves the aesthetics and personalization of the cell.

[0028] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0030] Figure 1 This is an example structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell in the prior art;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the transparent conductive layer and P1 trench in a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a partial top view of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a partial side view of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the P1 scribe line in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a top view of the printed P4 separator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a side view of the printed P1 separator and P3 separator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a top view of the printed P1 and P3 separators according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the sub-battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the position of the shielding plate during the preparation of the light absorption layer in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and are intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0041] In one aspect of the invention, a perovskite solar cell is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, reference is made to... Figure 2-4 The battery comprises a transparent conductive layer 20, a grid layer, a light-absorbing layer 3, and a back electrode, sequentially stacked on a substrate. The transparent conductive layer 20 is etched with a plurality of P1 grooves 30 at intervals, forming a plurality of spaced sub-conductive layers 21. The grid layer 1 includes a plurality of grid grooves 2, the walls of which define a light-absorbing layer placement area on the upper surface of the sub-conductive layers 21. A light-absorbing layer 3 is formed within the grid grooves 2, and a back electrode 80 is provided on the light-absorbing layer 3, forming a sub-cell together with the sub-conductive layers 21 and the light-absorbing layer 3. The sub-cells are electrically connected in series end-to-end in a direction perpendicular to the P1 grooves 30. Thus, before the sub-cells are fabricated, the grid bars of the grid layer pre-occupy the positions of the P3 and P4 grooves, and the grid bars at the P3 and P4 groove positions can pre-form the P2 grooves. Furthermore, the grid layer divides the battery into independent sub-cell fabrication areas, thereby avoiding significant damage to the perovskite sides caused by subsequent P2, P3, and P4 etching, and improving the battery efficiency.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, reference Figure 3 and Figure 4The grid layer includes interlaced dead zone separators 4 and P4 separators 100. The dead zone separators 4 are arranged corresponding to each P1 slot 30. A number of P4 separators 100 are perpendicular to the dead zone separators 4 and are spaced apart along the length of the P1 slot 30. The dead zone separators 4 include P1 separators 200 and P3 separators 300. The P1 separators 200 are arranged directly corresponding to the P1 slot 30. The width of the P1 separators 200 is equal to or greater than the width of the P1 slot 30, and the P1 separators 200 extend above the transparent conductive layer 20. As described above, the height of the P1 separator 200 is at least higher than the upper surface of the light-absorbing layer 3. The P3 separator 300 is spaced apart on one side of the P1 separator 200 in the series direction and is located on the upper surface of the transparent electrode layer 20. The P1 separator 200 and the P3 separator 300 form a P2 groove 40. The bottom opening of the P2 groove 40 corresponds to the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer, and the transparent conductive layer corresponding to the P2 groove is the same as the transparent conductive layer corresponding to the P3 separator adjacent to the P2 groove. A conductor for electrically connecting adjacent sub-cells is provided in the P2 groove 40.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, one end of the back electrode 80 extends beyond the P1 separator 200 in the series direction into the P2 groove 40 to form the conductor. The back electrode 80 is made of materials such as copper, silver, molybdenum, or aluminum.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a spacer 401 is further included between the P1 spacer 200 and the P3 spacer 300 in any dead zone spacer 4. The spacer is located on the extension path of the P4 spacer 100, and the back electrode 80 forms several independent sub-cell back electrodes through several spacers 401. That is, the P2 slot 40 is divided by several spacers 401, thereby forming individual sub-cell units.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the series direction, two adjacent sets of back electrodes 80 are arranged at a distance and separated by a P3 separator 300 or the plane in which the P3 separator 300 is located.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the grid layer 1 is made of a transparent resin material. This improves the light transmittance of the battery. (See attached diagram.) Figure 4As shown, P1 separator 200, P3 separator 300, and P4 separator 100 are all made of transparent resin material, allowing light to pass through. Furthermore, since the thickness of the back electrode in a perovskite solar cell structure is generally in the range of 30nm to 80nm, its relatively small thickness still allows for a certain degree of light transmission. In other words, except for the P4 region, the areas corresponding to P1 separator 200, P2 slot 40, and the dead zone region formed by P3 separator 300 are all transparent regions. In contrast, in existing technologies, because the perovskite layer connects to the P2 slot after passing through the P1 slot, the area corresponding to the P1 slot is actually opaque or has very low transmittance due to the light-blocking effect of the perovskite. Clearly, under the condition of equal dead zone width, the light-transmitting area of ​​the dead zone region formed by the proposed solar cell structure is significantly larger than that of the dead zone in existing technologies, thus improving overall transmittance while maintaining the same power generation area.

[0047] Furthermore, the light-absorbing layer 3 comprises a first transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a second transport layer stacked sequentially. When the first transport layer is a hole transport layer, the second transport layer is an electron transport layer; when the first transport layer is an electron transport layer, the second transport layer is a hole transport layer.

[0048] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for fabricating perovskite solar cells. According to embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 5-8 The method includes:

[0049] S100: Preparation of P1 groove and P4 separator

[0050] In this step, a substrate with a transparent conductive layer already coated is used. At this time, P1 lines are made on the transparent conductive layer 20 to form multiple spaced P1 grooves 30 on the transparent conductive layer.

[0051] Multiple spaced P4 separators 100 are printed on the substrate or directly on the transparent conductive layer along the position of the P4 groove of the solar cell; wherein the P4 separators 100 can be printed alone or together with the P1 separators 200 and the P3 separators 300.

[0052] The steps of fabricating the P4 separator 100 on the substrate include: removing the transparent battery layer on the substrate along the position of the preset P4 region by means of laser, scraping, etc., and then fabricating the P4 separator 100 on the P4 region.

[0053] Alternatively, multiple spaced P4 separators 100 are printed on the substrate along the position of the P4 groove of the solar cell, and then a transparent conductive layer 20 is formed on the substrate 10. P1 lines are made on the transparent conductive layer 20, thereby forming multiple spaced P1 grooves 30 on the transparent conductive layer 20.

[0054] Alternatively, multiple spaced P4 separators 100 can be printed on the transparent conductive layer 20 along the position of the P4 groove of the solar cell, and then P1 lines can be etched on the transparent conductive layer 20 to form multiple spaced P1 grooves 30 on the transparent conductive layer 20.

[0055] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the P4 separator 100 can be printed on either the substrate 10 or the transparent conductive layer 20, but the printing method does not affect the battery performance, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs. For the preparation method of the transparent conductive layer 20, conventional methods in the art are used, such as vapor deposition, and those skilled in the art can select the specific process type and process condition parameters according to actual needs. Furthermore, the width of the P1 groove 30 is 10 μm to 100 μm.

[0056] S200: Printed P1 and P3 separators

[0057] In this step, P1 separators 200 are printed to fill and extend above P1 slots 30, and P3 separators 300 are printed on one side of each P1 slot 30. The P1 separators 200 and P3 separators 300 can be printed separately, together, or one of the P1 separators 200, P3 separators 300, and P4 separators 100 can be printed. The printed P1 separators 200, P3 separators 300, and P4 separators 100 together constitute a grid layer. The P3 separator 300, P1 separator 200 and P4 separator 100 enclose a sub-cell fabrication area 500, which is a grid groove. A P2 groove 40 is formed between the P1 separator 200 and the P3 separator 300 of another adjacent sub-cell fabrication area 500. A light-absorbing layer is formed in the sub-cell fabrication area. A back electrode 80 is deposited above the light-absorbing layer, on the upper surface of the P1 separator 200 and in the P2 groove 40. The back electrode 80 deposited in the P2 groove 40 forms a conductor for electrically connecting two adjacent sub-cell cells in series.

[0058] By pre-occupying the positions originally belonging to the P1, P3, and P4 slots using P1 separators 200, P3 separators 300, and P4 separators 100, partitions can be formed before the sub-cells are fabricated, eliminating the need for subsequent laser or mechanical scrubbing and thus avoiding damage to the perovskite layer sides caused by P2, P3, or P4 scrubbing. Further, the width of the P2 slot 40 is 50 μm to 500 μm; preferably 80 μm to 100 μm, the width of the P1 separator 200 is 100 μm to 10 mm, and the width of the P3 separator 300 is 100 μm to 10 mm. The light-absorbing layer comprises a first transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a second transport layer stacked sequentially. It should be noted that the printing methods for the P4 separator 100, P1 separator 200, and P3 separator 300 are conventional in the art, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs; for example, the printing methods include, but are not limited to, screen printing and inkjet printing.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of spacers 401 distributed at intervals are also printed in the P2 groove 40. The two sides of the spacers 401 are respectively connected to the P1 separator 200 and the P3 separator 300. The back electrode 80 is divided into a plurality of sub-battery back electrodes by the plurality of spacers. The spacers 401 are integrally printed with the P2 separator 200 and the P3 separator 300, and the width of the P2 groove 40 is the width of the spacers 401. Further, the light transmittance of the back electrode 80 is not less than 20% of the light transmittance of the P1 separator 200 or the P3 separator 300. The thickness of the back electrode 80 is a metallic conductive material of 10nm to 40nm, preferably 30nm. The light transmittance of the P1 region and the P2 region can reach more than 50% of the light transmittance of the P3 region. Thus, in addition to meeting its own conductivity requirements, the back electrode can also improve the overall light transmittance of the dead zone region, thereby increasing the overall light transmittance area of ​​the dead zone.

[0060] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the distance from the upper surface of the P1 separator 200, P3 separator 300, and P4 separator 100 to the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 20 is not less than the distance from the upper surface of the electron transport layer to the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 20. By controlling the distance between the P1 separator 200, P3 separator 300, and P4 separator 100 and the transparent conductive layer 20 to a certain height, various film layers of the sub-cell can be prepared within the formed sub-cell preparation area 500, ensuring that the sides of each film layer are intact and regular, and effectively preventing short circuits in the sub-cells. Simultaneously, the P1 separator 200 and P3 separator 300 also prevent the sidewalls of the perovskite layer from directly contacting the conductor in the P2 groove 40, avoiding perovskite layer decomposition and further improving the stability of the battery module.

[0061] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the distances from the upper surfaces of the P1 separator 200, P3 separator 300, and P4 separator 100 to the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 20 are the same. This ensures that each sub-cell has a regular shape and will not short-circuit. Furthermore, the distances from the upper surfaces of the P1 separator 200, P3 separator 300, and P4 separator 100 to the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 20 are each independently 500 nm to 3 μm.

[0062] S300: Fabrication of various film layers in the sub-cell

[0063] In this step, refer to Figure 9 In the sub-cell fabrication region 500, a hole transport layer 50, a perovskite layer 60, and an electron transport layer 70 are sequentially formed. A back electrode 80 is deposited above the electron transport layer 70, on the upper surface of the P1 separator 200, and within the P2 groove 40. Spacing is formed between the back electrodes of adjacent sub-cells, thereby forming multiple sub-cells. Thus, by printing P4 separator 100, P1 separator 200, and P3 separator 300 using this method, multiple independent sub-cell fabrication regions 500 are formed, and sub-cells are then formed within these regions. The entire process does not employ laser scribing, avoiding significant damage to the perovskite sides caused by P2, P3, and P4 scribing, thus improving cell efficiency. Those skilled in the art will understand that the hole transport layer 50, perovskite layer 60, electron transport layer 70, and back electrode 80 are fabricated using conventional methods in the art, which can be selected according to actual needs, such as vapor phase or solution methods. The materials used for each film layer are also conventional materials in the art, which can be selected by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that when preparing the perovskite layer 60, a metal salt layer and an organic amine salt layer are formed sequentially, and then the perovskite layer is formed by annealing.

[0064] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the back electrode 80 does not cover the upper surface of the P3 separator 300 of the adjacent sub-cell fabrication area. A larger space can be formed above the P3 separator 300, thereby maintaining a sufficient distance between the back electrodes 80 of the adjacent sub-cell fabrication areas 500, avoiding short circuits in the sub-cells, and avoiding P3 scratches, thus improving battery efficiency.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present invention, reference Figure 10The light-absorbing layer includes at least a perovskite layer 60, which is prepared using a solution method. The P1 separator 200, P4 separator 100, and P3 separator 300 are masked using a mask 400. A lead iodide film is deposited in the sub-cell fabrication area 500. The mask 400 is removed, and an organic ammonium salt solution is applied to the lead iodide film. After annealing, the perovskite layer is formed. The P2 tank 40 is then cleaned using a solvent. After the perovskite layer 60 is prepared using the solution method, the solution enters the P2 tank 40 during film formation. If it is not cleaned, the back electrode and the transparent conductive layer cannot maintain good contact. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the organic material components remaining in the P2 tank 40. Furthermore, the solvent includes at least one of ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol. These solvents can dissolve organic materials but not the perovskite layer, thus effectively cleaning the P2 tank 40.

[0066] According to embodiments of the present invention, the P1 separator 200, P3 separator 300, and P4 separator 100 are made of transparent resin material, thereby effectively improving the transparency of the battery. Further, the materials of the P1 separator 200, P3 separator 300, and P4 separator 100 each independently include at least one of epoxy resin, acrylic resin, and polyurethane resin. (See attached...) Figure 4 As shown, P1 separator 200, P3 separator 300, and P4 separator 100 are all made of transparent resin material, allowing light to pass through. Furthermore, since the thickness of the back electrode in a perovskite solar cell structure is generally in the range of 30nm to 80nm, its relatively small thickness still allows for a certain degree of light transmission. In other words, except for the P4 region, the areas corresponding to P1 separator 200, P2 slot 40, and the dead zone region formed by P3 separator 300 are all transparent regions. In contrast, in existing technologies, because the perovskite layer connects to the P2 slot after passing through the P1 slot, the area corresponding to the P1 slot is actually opaque or has very low transmittance due to the light-blocking effect of the perovskite. Clearly, under the condition of equal dead zone width, the light-transmitting area of ​​the dead zone region formed by the proposed solar cell structure is significantly larger than that of the dead zone in existing technologies, thus improving overall transmittance while maintaining the same power generation area.

[0067] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a patterned perovskite solar cell. According to embodiments of the invention, the cell employs the aforementioned perovskite solar cell or a perovskite solar cell prepared using the aforementioned method, and the plurality of the grid grooves are arranged in a pixel-like patterned distribution. This enhances the aesthetics and personalization of the cell.

[0068] Specifically, the grid slots include power-generating and non-power-generating areas. That is, in some grid slots 2, a light-absorbing layer forms a power-generating area, while other grid slots do not have a light-absorbing layer, forming a non-power-generating area. In the grid slots without a light-absorbing layer, the transparent electrode layer corresponding to the grid slot is in direct electrical contact with the back electrode layer within the grid slot to form a short circuit. Since this area does not contain a light-absorbing layer, it also has high light transmittance, used to form gray blocks in the pattern. The grid slot areas containing a light-absorbing layer are used to form black blocks in the pattern; that is, non-power-generating areas form gray blocks, and power-generating areas form black blocks. Different distributions of black and gray blocks are used to form different patterned designs.

[0069] Those skilled in the art will understand that the relative positions of the P1 separator, P3 separator, and P4 separator in this application can be varied according to actual needs, and are not limited to the traditional vertical or parallel relationship. They can also be formed at different angles, thereby creating solar cells with personalized appearances.

[0070] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0071] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, The device includes a transparent conductive layer, a grid layer, and a back electrode stacked sequentially on a substrate. The transparent conductive layer has a plurality of P1 grooves etched at intervals to form a plurality of spaced sub-conductive layers. The grid layer includes a plurality of grid grooves, the groove walls of which define a light-absorbing layer placement area located on the upper surface of the sub-conductive layers. The light-absorbing layer is formed in the grid grooves. The back electrode is provided on the light-absorbing layer and together with the sub-conductive layers and the light-absorbing layers, forms a sub-cell. A plurality of the sub-cells are connected in series end to end in a direction perpendicular to the P1 grooves.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid layer includes interlaced dead zone separators and P4 separators. The dead zone separators are arranged corresponding to each P1 slot. A plurality of P4 separators are perpendicular to the dead zone separators and are spaced apart along the length of the P1 slot. The dead zone separators include P1 separators and P3 separators. The P1 separators are arranged directly corresponding to the P1 slots. The P3 separators are spaced apart on one side of the P1 separators in the series direction. The P1 separators and P3 separators form a P2 slot. A conductor for electrically connecting adjacent sub-cells is provided in the P2 slot.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the back electrode in the series direction extends beyond the P1 separator into the P2 groove to form the conductor. And / or, any of the dead zone separators may further include a spacer between the P1 separator and the P3 separator, the spacer being located on the extension path of the P4 separator, and the back electrode forming a plurality of sub-cell back electrodes through the plurality of the spacers.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the series direction, the two adjacent sets of back electrodes are spaced apart and separated by the P3 separator or the plane in which the P3 separator is located.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid layer is made of transparent resin material; Optionally, the light-absorbing layer comprises a first transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a second transport layer stacked sequentially.

6. A method for preparing perovskite solar cells, characterized in that, include: P1 lines are etched on the transparent conductive layer to form multiple spaced P1 grooves on the transparent conductive layer; Multiple spaced P4 separators are printed on the substrate or the transparent conductive layer along the location of the P4 groove of the solar cell. A P1 separator is formed by filling and printing in the P1 slot, and a P3 separator is formed by printing on one side of each P1 slot. The P3 separator, the P1 separator, and the P4 separator enclose a sub-cell fabrication area. A P2 slot is formed between the P1 separator and the P3 separator of another adjacent sub-cell fabrication area. A light-absorbing layer is formed in the sub-cell fabrication region; A back electrode is deposited above the light absorption layer, on the upper surface of the P1 separator, and in the P2 trench.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Several spacers are also printed in the P2 groove. The two sides of the spacers are respectively connected to the P1 spacer and the P3 spacer. The back electrode is divided into several sub-battery back electrodes by the spacers. And / or, the light transmittance of the back electrode is not less than 20% of the light transmittance of the P1 separator or the P3 separator; And / or, the back electrode is a metallic conductive material with a thickness of 10 nm to 40 nm.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The P1 separator, the P3 separator, and the P4 separator are made of transparent resin material; And / or the materials of the P1 separator, the P3 separator, and the P4 separator each independently include at least one of epoxy resin, acrylic resin, and polyurethane resin; And / or the printing includes at least one of screen printing and inkjet printing.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The light-absorbing layer includes at least a perovskite layer, and the perovskite layer is prepared using a solution method, the solution method comprising: The P1 separator, P4 separator, and P3 separator are concealed by a mask plate. A lead iodide film is deposited in the sub-cell fabrication area; Remove the mask plate, apply an organic ammonium salt solution to the lead iodide film, and anneal to form a perovskite layer; The P2 tank was cleaned using a solvent.

10. A patterned perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell is prepared using any one of claims 1-5 or the method described in any one of claims 6-9, wherein a plurality of the grid grooves are arranged in a pixel-like pattern.

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