Breeding method for high-yield lodging-resistant highland barley improved variety in Western Sichuan plateau

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of highland barley planting, and particularly relates to a Western Sichuan plateau high-yield lodging-resistant highland barley improved variety breeding method which is suitable for Western Sichuan plateau highland barley spring sowing areas and comprises the steps that (1) in the highland barley emergence stage, it is ensured that seedlings are uniform and even, and the basic seedling is 180000-220000 / mu; (2) 7 days before jointing of the highland barley, using a plant growth regulator and / or fertilizer to carry out lodging-resistant treatment in the seedling stage, and maintaining the total stem number at 500,000-600,000 / mu; and (3) carrying out lodging-resistant treatment after pollination by using a plant growth regulator and / or a fertilizer from the day when 50-75% of the highland barley main ears are pollinated to 10 days after the 50-75% of the highland barley main ears are pollinated. The method overcomes the defects that an existing highland barley lodging-resistant cultivation technology is rough, fuzzy, poor in operability, unpractical and the like. In the further scheme of the invention, corresponding lodging-resistant processing is carried out according to weather forecast, and predictable and targeted lodging-resistant processing can be realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of highland barley planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield and lodging-resistant highland barley breeding method on the western Sichuan plateau. BACKGROUND

[0002] The lodging of highland barley generally refers to the lodging phenomenon of highland barley plants during the stage from heading to maturity, which can be divided into root lodging and stem lodging. Stem lodging is caused by the bending of the base of highland barley stems, and root lodging is caused by the fracture of adventitious roots at the base of highland barley, thereby reducing the anchoring capacity of the root system and inducing the lodging of highland barley. Under certain conditions, root lodging and stem lodging can occur simultaneously. In the breeding of highland barley varieties, there are higher requirements for the size, fullness and germination rate of highland barley grains. Lodging not only seriously affects the yield of highland barley grains, but also seriously affects the quality indicators such as the germination rate and fullness of highland barley grains, and is a key and difficult problem in the breeding of highland barley varieties.

[0003] At present, the research on the lodging resistance of highland barley mainly covers the following three aspects: (1) the excavation and utilization of lodging-resistant genetic resources; (2) the establishment of a highland barley lodging resistance evaluation system; (3) the research on the prevention and control technology of highland barley lodging. The existing methods and technologies for the lodging resistance of highland barley are relatively rough and single, mainly including the selection of lodging-resistant varieties, the improvement of soil environment, the selection of appropriate planting density, the suppression at the seedling stage, and the use of plant growth regulators such as chlormequat, paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride at the jointing stage to adjust the height and 1-2 internode length of highland barley, thereby enhancing the lodging resistance of highland barley. For example, in the prior art, plant growth regulators are generally applied before the jointing stage of highland barley (Zhang Y, Wang J L. Causes and countermeasures of highland barley lodging in Tibet [J]. Barley and Cereal Science, 35.1 (2018): 53-56.; Chen Y Y, Wang H J, Wang J C, et al. Effects of two growth retardants on lodging resistance, growth and quality of highland barley [J]. Barley and Cereal Science, 2019, 36(5):8) to control lodging. Such rough and general methods are not conducive to the breeding of highland barley varieties with high yield and high quality, as they are difficult to play the role of plant growth regulators for different highland barley varieties under different ecological conditions.

[0004] At present, the lodging rate of the main highland barley varieties in normal environments is relatively low, and the level of cultivation for the breeding of high-quality varieties is also relatively high. Therefore, environmental factors, especially adverse weather conditions after the heading of highland barley, are the main factors leading to the lodging of highland barley. For the main planting areas of highland barley, although the weather conditions are still uncontrollable environmental factors, the accuracy of short-term weather forecasts has been significantly improved, and the warning of disastrous weather is also relatively accurate. Therefore, according to the weather forecast, flexible and appropriate technical means are used for predictive and targeted anti-lodging treatment, which is an efficient path to realize anti-lodging and achieve the goal of high yield and high quality in the breeding of highland barley varieties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional barley lodging-resistant cultivation techniques, which are too simple, crude, general, and have poor effects, this invention has developed a high-yield, lodging-resistant barley breeding method that is targeted, easy to operate, and effective.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a method for breeding high-yield, lodging-resistant barley varieties in the western Sichuan plateau. This method is applicable to spring-sown barley areas in the western Sichuan plateau, where spring sowing refers to sowing from late March to early May. The barley variety used is a hexagonal spring barley variety. The method includes:

[0008] (1) During the emergence period of barley, carry out seedling management to ensure that the seedlings are uniform and that the basic seedlings are 180,000-220,000 per mu. When sowing barley, select high-quality barley varieties and sow mechanically at 11-15 kg per mu according to the field emergence rate, with a row spacing of 20 cm.

[0009] (2) Seven days before the barley jointing stage, plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers were used to treat the seedlings against lodging, maintaining the total number of stems at 500,000-600,000 per mu;

[0010] (3) On the day of pollination of 50%-75% of the main ears of barley, and 10 days after pollination of 50%-75% of the main ears of barley, plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers were used for anti-lodging treatment after pollination.

[0011] In a further implementation plan, if a meteorological disaster is expected within the next 15 days after the barley seedlings emerge to the one-leaf-one-heart stage, conventional disaster relief methods will be used. The meteorological disasters include drought, hail, frost damage, chilling damage, and waterlogging damage. If no meteorological disaster is expected within the next 15 days, seedling inspection will be conducted, and thinning and replanting will be carried out to ensure uniform, healthy, and robust seedlings, with a basic seedling density of 180,000-220,000 seedlings per mu (approximately 12,000-13,000 hectares). Thinning and replanting includes:

[0012] A: If the basic seedling density is 180,000-220,000 per mu, the seedlings are uniform, strong, and growing normally, then no treatment is needed;

[0013] B: If the basic seedling density is less than 180,000 per mu, resulting in missing seedlings, gaps in rows, or weak seedlings, replanting should be carried out promptly. After the replanted barley reaches the stage of one leaf and one heart, plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers should be used to regulate the weak seedlings and replanted areas. Specifically, a foliar spray of a mixed aqueous solution of 0.0000036% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid, 1% urea, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used. The 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid can be a commercially available product (Syngenta, pesticide registration certificate number: PD20230476).

[0014] C: If the number of basic seedlings is higher than 220,000 per mu, then the seedlings should be compacted once during the tillering stage.

[0015] In a further implementation plan, if meteorological disasters are expected within the next 15 days, 7 days before the barley jointing stage, conventional disaster relief methods will be used. If no meteorological disasters are expected within the next 15 days, two anti-lodging treatments will be conducted using different plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers, with each treatment spaced 7 days apart, based on the total number of barley stems per acre, to ensure uniform barley density and a total number of barley stems of 500,000-600,000 per acre. Specifically, this includes:

[0016] 1.1 First lodging prevention treatment:

[0017] A: If the total number of stems is between 500,000 and 600,000 per mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.15% chlormequat chloride solution, a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, and a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, all at a dosage of 20L per mu.

[0018] B: If the total number of stems is higher than 600,000 / mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.15% chlormequat chloride solution and a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, both at a dosage of 20L / mu.

[0019] C: If the total number of stems is less than 500,000 per mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.15% chlormequat chloride solution, a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, all at a dosage of 20L per mu.

[0020] In the first lodging resistance treatment, the recommended concentration of 0.15% chlormequat chloride aqueous solution can be adjusted by ±50% according to the sensitivity of barley varieties to chlormequat chloride. That is, depending on the barley variety, the foliar spray concentration of 0.075-0.225% chlormequat chloride aqueous solution can be selected.

[0021] 1.2 Second anti-lodging treatment:

[0022] Seven days after the initial lodging prevention treatment, the following procedures should be performed:

[0023] A: If the total number of stems is between 500,000 and 600,000 per mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclohexane solution, a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution, and a 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed solution, all at a rate of 20L per mu.

[0024] B: If the total number of stems is higher than 600,000 per mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclohexane solution and a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, at a rate of 20L per mu.

[0025] C: If the total number of stems is less than 500,000 per mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclohexane solution, a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution, and a 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed solution, all at a rate of 20L / mu.

[0026] In the second lodging resistance treatment, the recommended concentration of 0.02% calcium cyclohexane aqueous solution can be adjusted by ±50% according to the sensitivity of barley varieties to calcium cyclohexane. That is, depending on the barley variety, 0.01-0.03% calcium cyclohexane aqueous solution can be selected for foliar spraying.

[0027] In a further implementation plan, from the day of pollination of 50%-75% of the main ears of barley to 10 days after pollination, two anti-lodging treatments are carried out using different plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers, with each treatment 7 days apart, based on the number of effective ears per acre and the weather conditions for the next 15 days. These treatments include:

[0028] A: If the effective ears of barley are in the range of 250,000-350,000 per mu, the following measures should be taken based on the weather forecast for the next 15 days:

[0029] ① If unfavorable weather conditions are expected within the next 15 days, apply a foliar spray of 0.075% chlormequat chloride solution at a rate of 20 L / mu. On the 7th day thereafter, apply another foliar spray of 0.075% chlormequat chloride solution, along with a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at a rate of 20 L / mu for each solution. Unfavorable weather conditions include strong winds, heavy rain, and prolonged rainfall, where prolonged rainfall refers to the duration of rainfall sufficient to reach the maximum water holding capacity of the barley plant. The 0.075% chlormequat chloride solution used in this case is the recommended concentration and can be adjusted by ±50% based on the sensitivity of the barley variety to chlormequat chloride; that is, a foliar spray of 0.0375-0.1125% chlormequat chloride solution can be selected depending on the barley variety.

[0030] ② If no unfavorable weather conditions are expected in the next 15 days, apply a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution as a foliar spray at a rate of 20 L / mu. On the 7th day thereafter, apply another 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution as a foliar spray, followed by a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, both at a rate of 20 L / mu. The 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution used in this case is the recommended concentration and can be adjusted by ±50% based on the sensitivity of the barley variety to calcium cyclamate. That is, depending on the barley variety, a 0.01-0.03% calcium cyclamate solution can be selected for foliar spraying.

[0031] B: If the effective ears of barley exceed 350,000 per mu, the following measures should be taken based on the weather forecast for the next 15 days:

[0032] ① If unfavorable weather conditions are expected within the next 15 days, apply a 0.1% chlormequat chloride solution at a rate of 20 L / mu. On the 7th day thereafter, apply a 0.05% chlormequat chloride solution, and a mixed solution of 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 20 L / mu. The chlormequat chloride solution used in this case is the recommended concentration and can be adjusted by ±50% according to the sensitivity of barley varieties to chlormequat chloride. That is, depending on the barley variety, the first foliar spray can be 0.05-0.15% chlormequat chloride solution, and the second foliar spray can be 0.025-0.075% chlormequat chloride solution.

[0033] ② If no unfavorable weather conditions are expected in the next 15 days, apply a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution as a foliar spray at a rate of 20 L / mu. On the 7th day thereafter, apply another 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution as a foliar spray, followed by a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, both at a rate of 20 L / mu. The 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution used in this case is the recommended concentration and can be adjusted by ±50% based on the sensitivity of the barley variety to calcium cyclamate. That is, depending on the barley variety, a 0.01-0.03% calcium cyclamate solution can be selected for foliar spraying.

[0034] C: If the effective ears of barley are less than 250,000 per mu, the following measures should be taken based on the weather forecast for the next 15 days:

[0035] ① If unfavorable weather conditions are expected within the next 15 days, apply a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution as a foliar spray at a rate of 20 L / mu. On the 7th day thereafter, apply another 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution as a foliar spray, followed by a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, both at a rate of 20 L / mu. The 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution used in this case is the recommended concentration and can be adjusted by ±50% based on the sensitivity of the barley variety to calcium cyclamate. That is, depending on the barley variety, a 0.01-0.03% calcium cyclamate solution can be selected for foliar spraying.

[0036] ② If no unfavorable weather conditions are expected in the next 15 days, apply a foliar spray of 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution and a foliar spray of a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at a rate of 20 L / mu for both. On the 7th day thereafter, apply another foliar spray of 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution and a foliar spray of a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at a rate of 20 L / mu for both. The 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution used in this case is the recommended concentration and can be adjusted by ±50% according to the sensitivity of the barley variety to calcium cyclamate; that is, the foliar spray concentration can be 0.01-0.03% calcium cyclamate solution depending on the barley variety.

[0037] In a further embodiment, the method for breeding high-yield, lodging-resistant barley varieties includes:

[0038] S1: Land preparation and fertilization:

[0039] In mountainous climate zones at altitudes of 2400-3700 meters, select flat, moderately fertile sandy loam soil. After the previous crop is harvested and before the ground freezes, promptly plow the soil (deep plowing to 30-40 cm, allowing the soil to dry and freeze) to break up the compacted lower soil layers. Before sowing in March or April of the following year, apply base fertilizer according to soil fertility. After fertilization, plow the soil again (shallow plowing to 20-25 cm, then harrowing 1-2 times). Base fertilizer application includes: spreading 1000-1500 kg / mu of organic fertilizer; or evenly spreading 2-3 kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 2-3 kg / mu of phosphorus pentoxide, and 1.5-3 kg / mu of potassium oxide.

[0040] S2: Seed selection and seed dressing with seed dressing agent:

[0041] Select high-quality highland barley seeds, expose them to the sun for 1-2 days, and treat them with a seed dressing agent before sowing. Specifically, mix 3ml of the stock solution with an appropriate amount of water to treat 1kg of seeds to prevent diseases such as smut. The seed dressing agent mentioned is Coolas seed dressing agent.

[0042] S3: Sowing:

[0043] After land preparation, timely row sowing should be carried out, with a sowing depth of 4-6cm, a row spacing of 20cm, and a sowing rate of 11-15kg / mu.

[0044] S4: Field Management: This includes seedling management, weeding, lodging prevention treatment during the seedling stage, pest and disease control, and lodging prevention treatment after pollination.

[0045] Specifically as follows:

[0046] ① Seedling management: After the barley seedlings have emerged to the stage of one leaf and one heart, check the seedlings, thin out and fill in any gaps to ensure that the basic seedlings in the field are uniform and at a level of 180,000-220,000 per mu.

[0047] ②Weed control: During the three-leaf and one-heart stage of barley, chemical weeding should be carried out in a timely manner using conventional methods. In particular, weeds near the barley roots must be removed promptly. If the weeding is not effective within 5 days after the weeding operation, herbicides should be sprayed again in time.

[0048] ③ Lodging prevention treatment during seedling stage: Seven days before the barley jointing stage, based on the total number of stems per mu and the weather conditions for the next 15 days, use different plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers to carry out two lodging prevention treatments during the seedling stage, so that the total number of stems is maintained at 500,000-600,000 per mu;

[0049] ④ Pest and disease control: When barley enters the mid-to-late jointing stage, it is also the peak period for barley pests and diseases. Timely pest and disease control is necessary to ensure the normal growth of barley.

[0050] ⑤ Post-pollination lodging prevention treatment:

[0051] From the day of pollination of 50%-75% of the main ears of barley to 10 days after pollination, two anti-lodging treatments were carried out using different plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers, depending on the number of effective ears per mu and the weather conditions for the next 15 days.

[0052] S5: Harvesting: After the barley enters the waxy ripening stage, choose a sunny day to harvest it at the appropriate time.

[0053] S6: Seed harvesting and storage: After threshing, dry the barley seeds in a timely manner. When the moisture content of the grains is below 13%, pack the barley seeds into bags and store them in a dry, cool place.

[0054] To better achieve high yield and lodging resistance, foliar application of calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, sulfur, iron, copper, molybdenum, and selenium micronutrient fertilizers can be performed during the second lodging resistance treatment in the seedling stage of barley and the first lodging resistance treatment after barley pollination, following conventional methods.

[0055] The working solution concentrations of the plant growth regulators mentioned above refer to the concentrations of their active ingredients. The working solution concentrations of fertilizers (urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate) also refer to the concentrations of their active ingredients.

[0056] The working solution concentrations of chlormequat chloride and calcium cyclamate described in this invention are range values. This is because different barley varieties have significant differences in their sensitivity to chlormequat chloride and calcium cyclamate. In order to better exert the yield-increasing and lodging-resistant effects of this invention, ensure effectiveness and avoid phytotoxicity, sensitivity tests on the target barley varieties to chlormequat chloride and calcium cyclamate should be conducted first to determine their optimal working solution concentrations.

[0057] The working solution concentrations of other agents and fertilizers involved in this invention are recommended concentrations and can be adjusted routinely as needed.

[0058] The mixed aqueous solution of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate described in this invention can be prepared as follows: Dissolve urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate separately in 10 times their weight of water, then dilute the dissolved solutions sequentially in 3L of water, and finally mix and bring the volume to 20L to obtain the working solution, which should be prepared and used immediately. When preparing the mixed aqueous solution of 14-hydroxybrassinosteroidol, urea, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dissolve or dilute the urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 14-hydroxybrassinosteroidol stock solutions separately in 10 times their weight of water, then dilute the three solutions sequentially in 3L of water, and finally mix and bring the volume to 20L to obtain the working solution, which should be prepared and used immediately.

[0059] Because different barley varieties still exhibit differences, the timing of the lodging resistance treatment after pollination in this invention is a range, specifically, from the day of pollination of 50%-75% of the main barley ears to 10 days after pollination of 50%-75% of the main barley ears. Among these, 5 days after pollination of 50% of the main barley ears is the recommended timing, applicable to most barley varieties. To better utilize the advantages of this invention, the specific timing of the lodging resistance treatment after pollination for different barley varieties can be determined according to the following method:

[0060] ① Select 200-500 representative single plants with uniform growth in the field, spray water with a sprayer to obtain the maximum water holding capacity of the whole plant of barley, and study the changes in ear weight, aboveground center of gravity and the bending resistance of the first and second nodes of the stem under the maximum water holding capacity of the whole plant from the initiation of the main ear and effective tillering ear to 40 days after pollination.

[0061] ② Identify the time point (expressed as the number of days after pollination) when the center of gravity of the above-ground parts of the main ear and effective tillers rises sharply under the maximum water holding capacity of the whole plant, and the time point when the first and second nodes of the stems of the main ear and effective tillers have the lowest resistance to bending. Use these data to estimate the period when the whole plant is most susceptible to lodging.

[0062] ③ Simulate the period when the whole plant is most susceptible to lodging using a blower and a wind power tester to determine the period when the whole plant is most susceptible to lodging and the minimum wind force required for lodging under maximum water holding capacity.

[0063] ④ Five to 15 days before the time when the whole plant is most susceptible to lodging, spray plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers to conduct a regulation experiment, clarify the application time of plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers, and conduct a verification experiment with a blower and wind power tester under the maximum water holding capacity of the whole plant, and finally determine the optimal time to spray plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers from the booting to the grain filling stage. This time is expressed by pollination of the main spike in the field, the number of days after pollination, and the percentage of the main spikes in the field.

[0064] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0065] (1) The present invention not only regulates the growth of the seedling stage by using plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers before the highland barley enters the jointing stage, but also conducts lodging resistance treatment by using plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers from the day when 50%-75% of the main ears of highland barley are pollinated to 10 days after 50%-75% of the main ears of highland barley are pollinated. This method overcomes the defects of the existing lodging resistance cultivation techniques for highland barley, such as being rough, ambiguous, poor in operability, and unrealistic. Specifically, it abandons the time nodes for implementing the lodging resistance cultivation techniques based on indicators such as the heading stage and booting stage in the existing lodging resistance cultivation techniques, and selects "the number of days after 50%-75% of the main ears of highland barley are pollinated" as an indicator from among many indicators as the time node for implementing the lodging resistance cultivation technique. This indicator has strong operability, clear indication, and conforms to the internal mechanism of highland barley lodging resistance. The selection of effective indicators is a necessary basic condition for the lodging resistance cultivation technique to achieve results. This is because, for different highland barley varieties, there are great differences in their heading and booting stages. For example, for the local highland barley variety "Dulihuang", its ears do not fully emerge from the flag leaves until maturity; while for some other varieties, their ears have already fully emerged from the flag leaves, but their grains have just completed fertilization. Therefore, the present invention selects "from the day when 50%-75% of the main ears of highland barley are pollinated to 10 days after 50%-75% of the main ears of highland barley are pollinated" as one of the important time nodes for lodging resistance treatment, and this time node is applicable to most highland barley varieties.

[0066] (2) In a further embodiment, 7 days before the highland barley of the present invention enters the jointing stage and from the day when 50%-75% of the main ears of highland barley are pollinated to 10 days after 50%-75% of the main ears of highland barley are pollinated, different methods are used for growth regulation according to the total stem number, the number of effective ears, and the weather conditions in the next 15 days, so as to further reduce the influence of environmental factors on highland barley lodging. This further embodiment conducts corresponding lodging resistance treatment according to the weather forecast, which can achieve predictable and targeted lodging resistance treatment, thereby achieving the purpose of high yield and lodging resistance. Detailed implementation mode

[0067] To make the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technical personnel in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0068] Experimental materials used in the embodiments:

[0069] 1. The six-row spring highland barley varieties Kangqing 9 and Kangqing 11 can be obtained by purchasing from the market;

[0070] 2. Seed dressing agent (Coolas, pesticide registration number: PD20161551);

[0071] 3.50% Chlormequat chloride aqueous solution (Huiduokang, pesticide registration certificate number: PD86123-10);

[0072] 4. Organic chelated silicon (Lianong Ruifengde, silicon content 450 g / L);

[0073] 5.10% calcium cyclohexane (Huanglong Wenjian, pesticide registration certificate number: PD20240886);

[0074] Different barley varieties exhibit varying sensitivities to chlormequat chloride and calcium cyclamate. Therefore, before using chlormequat chloride and calcium cyclamate, sensitivity tests should be conducted on barley varieties to these plant growth regulators to determine the appropriate working solution concentration and avoid phytotoxicity.

[0075] 6. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Kingenta, fertilizer registration certificate number: HG / T2321-2016, of which potassium dihydrogen phosphate ≥99.5%, phosphorus pentoxide ≥52%, potassium oxide ≥34%);

[0076] 7. Urea (Fengyuan Baisheng, total nitrogen ≥46.0%, standard GB / T2440-2017).

[0077] 8. All other auxiliary materials are conventional materials or reagents.

[0078] In the examples, the mixed aqueous solution of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate used in the examples needs to be diluted twice before being mixed to obtain the working solution.

[0079] The working solution concentrations of the plant growth regulators used in the examples are the concentrations of their active ingredients. A 0.15% silicon content organic chelated silicon aqueous solution means that 1 L of organic chelated silicon aqueous solution contains 1.5 grams of silicon. The working solution concentrations of fertilizers (urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate) are also the concentrations of their active ingredients.

[0080] Example 1

[0081] This embodiment uses the high-yield, lodging-resistant barley variety Kangqing 11 as the experimental material, the local standard of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, "High-Yield Cultivation Technical Regulations for Kangqing 11 Barley" as the control group, and the "High-Yield Lodging-Resistant High-Yield Barley Variety Breeding Method" involved in this invention as treatment group 1 (T1). Treatment group 2 (T2) was set up with reference to existing high-yield lodging-resistant cultivation techniques (Reference: Chen Yiyou, Wang Huajun, Wang Juncheng, et al. Effects of two growth retardants on lodging resistance, growth and quality of high-yield barley [J]. Barley and Cereal Science, 2019, 36(5):8). Through comparative experiments, the differences in yield indicators, etc., between the high-yield, lodging-resistant high-yield barley variety breeding method of this invention and existing lodging-resistant cultivation techniques and conventional cultivation methods were studied.

[0082] 1. Test materials

[0083] Kangqing 11 is a hexagonal barley variety that is spring-growing, mid-to-late maturing, with a growth period of 115-120 days and a plant height of about 110cm.

[0084] 2. Test Methods

[0085] 2.1 Experimental Design

[0086] The tested variety was Kangqing 11, and the plot area was 10m². 2 (2m×5m), with a plot spacing of 0.6m, row sowing was adopted with a row spacing of 20cm. The sowing depth was 3-5cm, and the sowing rate was 15kg / mu. The experimental site was at an altitude of approximately 2900 meters, with sandy loam soil of uniform fertility, and the previous crop was highland barley.

[0087] The experiment consisted of two treatment groups and one control group. Treatment group 1 (T1) adopted the high-yield and lodging-resistant barley breeding method of the present invention. Treatment group 2 (T2) referred to the existing barley lodging-resistant cultivation technology (Chen Yiyou, Wang Huajun, Wang Juncheng, et al. Effects of two growth retardants on lodging resistance, growth and quality of barley [J]. Barley and Cereal Science, 2019, 36(5):8). The control group (CK) adopted the conventional cultivation method, and the specific technical scheme referred to the local standard of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture - "High-yield cultivation technology of Kangqing 11 barley". There were 5 replicates in each treatment group and control group, and a 0.5m protective row was set around the experimental site.

[0088] 2.1.1 The cultivation scheme for treatment group 1 (T1) is as follows:

[0089] (1) Land preparation and fertilization:

[0090] After the previous crop is harvested and before the ground freezes, plow to a depth of 30-40cm in a timely manner, expose the soil to the sun and allow it to freeze, breaking up the compacted lower soil layer. Before sowing in March or April of the following year, evenly apply 6kg / mu of urea and 6kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate as base fertilizer. After fertilization, shallowly plow to a depth of 20-25cm, and then harrow the land 1-2 times with a heavy harrow.

[0091] (2) Seed selection and soaking:

[0092] Select high-quality highland barley seeds, expose them to the sun for 1-2 days, and treat them with Coolas seed dressing agent before sowing. Specifically, mix 3ml of the stock solution with an appropriate amount of water to treat 1kg of seeds to prevent diseases such as smut.

[0093] (3) Sowing:

[0094] After land preparation, timely row sowing should be carried out, with a sowing depth of 4-6cm, a row spacing of 20cm, and a sowing rate of 15kg / mu.

[0095] (4) Field management:

[0096] ① Seedling stage management:

[0097] After the barley seedlings emerge to the stage of one leaf and one heart, a seedling inspection is conducted. The basic seedling density in the field is 180,000-220,000 per mu, with uniform and healthy seedlings and normal growth. Furthermore, there is no risk of drought, hail, frost damage, cold damage, waterlogging damage, or other meteorological disasters in the next 15 days. Therefore, no control measures are necessary.

[0098] ②Weeding:

[0099] During the three-leaf and one-heart stage of barley, chemical weeding should be carried out in a timely manner using conventional methods, especially weeds near the barley roots must be removed promptly.

[0100] ③ Seedling stage lodging prevention treatment:

[0101] Seven days before the jointing stage, when the total number of stems is between 500,000 and 600,000 per mu, and there are no meteorological disasters such as drought, hail, frost damage, cold damage, or waterlogging damage in the next 15 days, spray the leaves with 0.15% chlormequat chloride solution, 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, at a rate of 20 L / mu for each. On the seventh day thereafter, spray the leaves with 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution, 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, and a mixed solution of 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at a rate of 20 L / mu for each.

[0102] ④ Pest and disease control:

[0103] Pest and disease control should be carried out in a conventional manner.

[0104] ⑤ Post-pollination lodging prevention treatment:

[0105] Five days after 50% of the barley main ears have entered pollination, and the number of effective barley ears is in the range of 250,000-350,000 per mu, and there are no adverse weather conditions such as strong winds, heavy rains, or prolonged rainfall in the next 15 days, foliar spray with a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution at a rate of 20 L / mu. On the 7th day thereafter, foliar spray with a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution and a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 20 L / mu.

[0106] (5) Harvest at the appropriate time:

[0107] After the barley enters the waxy ripening stage, it should be harvested manually on a sunny day.

[0108] (6) Threshing, sun-drying, and yield measurement:

[0109] Threshing and sun-drying the barley at the appropriate time, and yield measurement when the moisture content of the barley grains is equal to 13%.

[0110] 2.1.2 The cultivation scheme for treatment group 2 (T2) is as follows:

[0111] (1) Land preparation and fertilization:

[0112] Same as treatment group 1.

[0113] (2) Seed selection and soaking:

[0114] Same as treatment group 1.

[0115] (3) Sowing:

[0116] Same as treatment group 1.

[0117] (4) Field management:

[0118] ①Seedling Management:

[0119] Same as treatment group 1.

[0120] ②Weeding:

[0121] Same as treatment group 1.

[0122] ③ Topdressing:

[0123] Top-dress during the seedling stage by evenly spreading 2 kg / mu of urea; from flowering to grain filling stage, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice, each time at a rate of 0.1 kg / mu, diluted with 20 kg of water, and spray after mixing.

[0124] ④ Seedling stage lodging prevention treatment:

[0125] Seven days before the barley jointing stage (with weather conditions for the next 15 days being the same as in treatment group 1), a 0.15% chlormequat chloride solution was sprayed on the leaves at a rate of 20 L / mu.

[0126] ⑤ Pest and disease control:

[0127] Same as treatment group 1.

[0128] ⑥ Control treatment after pollination:

[0129] Five days after 50% of the barley main ears entered pollination (with the same meteorological conditions as treatment group 1 for the next 15 days), the leaves were sprayed with water at a rate of 20 L / mu; on the 7th day thereafter, the leaves were sprayed with water at a rate of 20 L / mu.

[0130] (5) Harvest at the appropriate time:

[0131] Same as treatment group 1.

[0132] (6) Threshing, sun-drying, and yield measurement:

[0133] Same as treatment group 1.

[0134] 2.1.3 The cultivation scheme for the control group (CK) is as follows:

[0135] (1) Land preparation and fertilization:

[0136] Same as treatment group 1.

[0137] (2) Seed selection and soaking:

[0138] Same as treatment group 1.

[0139] (3) Sowing:

[0140] Same as treatment group 1.

[0141] (4) Field management:

[0142] ①Seedling Management:

[0143] Same as treatment group 1.

[0144] ②Weeding:

[0145] Same as treatment group 1.

[0146] ③ Topdressing:

[0147] Top-dress during the seedling stage by evenly spreading 2 kg / mu of urea; from flowering to grain filling stage, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice, each time at a rate of 0.1 kg / mu, diluted with 20 kg of water, and spray after mixing.

[0148] ④ Control treatment for lodging resistance during seedling stage:

[0149] Seven days before the barley reaches the jointing stage (with weather conditions for the next 15 days being the same as in treatment group 1), foliar spraying with clean water was carried out at a rate of 20L / mu.

[0150] ⑤ Pest and disease control:

[0151] Same as treatment group 1.

[0152] ⑥ Control treatment after pollination:

[0153] Five days after 50% of the barley main ears entered pollination (with the same meteorological conditions as treatment group 1 for the next 15 days), the leaves were sprayed with water at a rate of 20 L / mu; on the 7th day thereafter, the leaves were sprayed with water at a rate of 20 L / mu.

[0154] (5) Harvest at the appropriate time:

[0155] Same as treatment group 1.

[0156] (6) Threshing, sun-drying, and yield measurement:

[0157] Same as treatment group 1.

[0158] 2.2 Measurement Items and Methods

[0159] 2.2.1 Plant height

[0160] Twenty barley plants were randomly marked in rows 2-8 of each experimental plot. At the milk stage, five plants were randomly selected from the marked plants and the height of the main ear was measured with a meter stick. The average value of the data was taken.

[0161] 2.2.2 Lodging rate

[0162] The formula for calculating the lodging rate is: Lodging rate = (Lodging area of ​​the plot / Plot area) × 100%;

[0163] 2.2.3 Seed yield

[0164] After the seeds are detached, they are dried in the sun, weighed, and their moisture content is tested using a seed moisture meter. Finally, the yield of each plot is uniformly adjusted to the weight of seeds with a moisture content of 13% for yield calculation.

[0165] 2.3 Data Processing

[0166] Data processing and analysis were performed using Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics 19.

[0167] 3. Results

[0168] Plant height, lodging rate, yield, and other indicators were measured for each sample, and the results were analyzed. In Table 1, T1-1 to T1-5 and T2-1 to T2-5 represent the five replicates of treatment groups T1 and T2, respectively, and CK1-CK5 represent the five replicates of the control group.

[0169] Table 1. Effects of different cultivation methods on seed yield of Kangqing 11

[0170]

[0171]

[0172] Table 2. Data analysis of seed yield of Kangqing 11 under different cultivation methods

[0173] —— T1 T2 CK Mean (kg) 325.79 278.04 187.79 Max (kg) 344.46 293.64 200.01 Min (kg) 314.46 263.58 161.12 Range 30.00 30.06 38.89 Standard Deviation 12.16 13.13 15.42 Standard Error 5.44 5.87 6.89

[0174] Table 3. Significance analysis of the effect of different cultivation methods on the seed yield of Kangqing 11 (ANOVA)

[0175]

[0176] The results showed that, compared with existing lodging-resistant barley cultivation techniques and conventional barley cultivation techniques, the "high-yield, lodging-resistant barley breeding method" involved in this invention enabled the average yield of treatment group 1 (T1) to reach 325.79 kg / mu, which was 47.75 kg / mu higher than the average yield of treatment group 2 (T2), representing an increase of 17.17%, and 138.60 kg / mu higher than the existing control, representing an increase of 73.81%, reaching a highly significant level (p < 0.05).

[0177] Example 2

[0178] This embodiment uses the high-yield, lodging-resistant barley variety Kangqing 9 as the experimental material, the local standard of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, "High-Yield Cultivation Technical Regulations for Kangqing 11 Barley" as the control group, and the "High-Yield Lodging-Resistant High-Yield Barley Variety Breeding Method" involved in this invention as treatment group 1 (T1). Treatment group 2 (T2) was set up with reference to existing high-yield lodging-resistant cultivation techniques (Reference: Chen Yiyou, Wang Huajun, Wang Juncheng, et al. Effects of two growth retardants on lodging resistance, growth and quality of high-yield barley [J]. Barley and Cereal Science, 2019, 36(5):8). Through comparative experiments, the differences in yield indicators, etc., between the high-yield, lodging-resistant high-yield barley variety breeding method of this invention and existing lodging-resistant cultivation techniques and conventional cultivation methods were studied.

[0179] 1. Test materials

[0180] The experiment used the highland barley variety Kangqing No. 9, which is a hexagonal highland barley variety, spring-growing, mid-to-late maturing, with a full growth period of about 130 days and a plant height of about 80-110cm.

[0181] 2. Test Methods

[0182] 2.1 Experimental Design

[0183] The tested variety was Kangqing 9, and the plot area was 10m². 2 (2m×5m), with a plot spacing of 0.6m, row sowing was adopted with a row spacing of 20cm. The sowing depth was 3-5cm, and the sowing rate was 15kg / mu. The experimental site was at an altitude of approximately 3400 meters, with sandy loam soil of uniform fertility, and the previous crop was highland barley.

[0184] The experiment consisted of two treatment groups and one control group. Treatment group 1 (T1) adopted the high-yield and lodging-resistant barley breeding method of the present invention. Treatment group 2 (T2) referred to the existing barley lodging-resistant cultivation technology (Chen Yiyou, Wang Huajun, Wang Juncheng, et al. Effects of two growth retardants on lodging resistance, growth and quality of barley [J]. Barley and Cereal Science, 2019, 36(5):8). The control group (CK) adopted the conventional cultivation method, and the specific technical scheme referred to the local standard of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture - "High-yield cultivation technology of Kangqing 11 barley". There were 5 replicates in each treatment group and control group, and a 0.5m protective row was set around the experimental site.

[0185] 2.1.1 The cultivation scheme for treatment group 1 (T1) is as follows:

[0186] (1) Land preparation and fertilization:

[0187] After the previous crop is harvested and before the ground freezes, plow to a depth of 30-40cm in a timely manner, expose the soil to the sun and allow it to freeze, breaking up the compacted lower soil layer. Before sowing in March or April of the following year, evenly apply 6kg / mu of urea and 6kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate as base fertilizer. After fertilization, shallowly plow to a depth of 20-25cm, and then harrow the land 1-2 times with a heavy harrow.

[0188] (2) Seed selection and soaking:

[0189] Select high-quality highland barley seeds, expose them to the sun for 1-2 days, and treat them with Coolas seed dressing agent before sowing. Specifically, mix 3ml of the stock solution with an appropriate amount of water to treat 1kg of seeds to prevent diseases such as smut.

[0190] (3) Sowing:

[0191] After land preparation, timely row sowing should be carried out, with a sowing depth of 4-6cm, a row spacing of 20cm, and a sowing rate of 15kg / mu.

[0192] (4) Field management:

[0193] ① Seedling stage management:

[0194] After the barley seedlings emerge to the stage of one leaf and one heart, a seedling inspection is conducted. The basic seedling density in the field is 180,000-220,000 per mu, with uniform and healthy seedlings and normal growth. Furthermore, there is no risk of drought, hail, frost damage, cold damage, waterlogging damage, or other meteorological disasters in the next 15 days. Therefore, no control measures are necessary.

[0195] ②Weeding:

[0196] During the three-leaf and one-heart stage of barley, chemical weeding should be carried out in a timely manner using conventional methods, especially weeds near the barley roots must be removed promptly.

[0197] ③ Seedling stage lodging prevention treatment:

[0198] Seven days before the jointing stage of highland barley, if the total number of stems is below 500,000 per mu (approximately 66,667 square meters), and there are no meteorological disasters such as drought, hail, frost damage, cold damage, or waterlogging damage expected in the next 15 days, apply the following foliar sprays: 0.15% chlormequat chloride solution, a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and a solution of 0.15% organic chelated silicon with silicon content, at a rate of 20 L / mu (approximately 10 L / mu). Seven days later, apply the following foliar sprays: 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution, a solution of 0.15% organic chelated silicon with silicon content, and a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at a rate of 20 L / mu (approximately 10 L / mu).

[0199] ④ Pest and disease control:

[0200] Pest and disease control should be carried out in a conventional manner.

[0201] ⑤ Post-pollination lodging prevention treatment:

[0202] Five days after 50% of the barley main ears have entered pollination, and the number of effective barley ears is in the range of 250,000-350,000 per mu, and there are unfavorable meteorological conditions such as heavy rain or prolonged rainfall in the next 15 days, foliar spray with a 0.075% chlormequat chloride solution at a rate of 20 L / mu. On the 7th day thereafter, foliar spray with a 0.075% chlormequat chloride solution and a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 20 L / mu.

[0203] (5) Harvest at the appropriate time:

[0204] After the barley enters the waxy ripening stage, it should be harvested manually on a sunny day.

[0205] (6) Threshing, sun-drying, and yield measurement:

[0206] Threshing and sun-drying the barley at the appropriate time, and yield measurement when the moisture content of the barley grains is equal to 13%.

[0207] 2.1.2 The cultivation scheme for treatment group 2 (T2) is as follows:

[0208] (1) Land preparation and fertilization:

[0209] Same as treatment group 1.

[0210] (2) Seed selection and soaking:

[0211] Same as treatment group 1.

[0212] (3) Sowing:

[0213] Same as treatment group 1.

[0214] (4) Field management:

[0215] ①Seedling Management:

[0216] Same as treatment group 1.

[0217] ②Weeding:

[0218] Same as treatment group 1.

[0219] ③ Topdressing:

[0220] Top-dress during the seedling stage by evenly spreading 2 kg / mu of urea; from flowering to grain filling stage, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice, each time at a rate of 0.1 kg / mu, diluted with 20 kg of water, and spray after mixing.

[0221] ④ Seedling stage lodging prevention treatment:

[0222] Seven days before the barley jointing stage (with the weather conditions for the next 15 days being the same as in treatment group 1), a 0.15% chlormequat chloride solution was sprayed on the leaves at a rate of 20 L / mu.

[0223] ⑤ Pest and disease control:

[0224] Same as treatment group 1.

[0225] ⑥ Control treatment after pollination:

[0226] Five days after 50% of the barley main ears entered pollination (with the same meteorological conditions as treatment group 1 for the next 15 days), the leaves were sprayed with water at a rate of 20 L / mu; on the 7th day thereafter, the leaves were sprayed with water at a rate of 20 L / mu.

[0227] (5) Harvest at the appropriate time

[0228] Same as treatment group 1.

[0229] (6) Threshing, sun-drying seeds and yield measurement

[0230] Same as treatment group 1.

[0231] 2.1.3 The cultivation scheme for the control group (CK) is as follows:

[0232] (1) Land preparation and fertilization:

[0233] Same as treatment group 1.

[0234] (2) Seed selection and soaking:

[0235] Same as treatment group 1.

[0236] (3) Sowing:

[0237] Same as treatment group 1.

[0238] (4) Field management:

[0239] ①Seedling Management:

[0240] Same as treatment group 1.

[0241] ②Weeding:

[0242] Same as treatment group 1.

[0243] ③ Topdressing:

[0244] During the seedling stage, apply 2 kg / mu of urea evenly as topdressing. During the flowering to grain-filling stage, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice, each time at a rate of 0.1 kg / mu, diluted with 20 kg of water, and spray after mixing.

[0245] ④ Control treatment for lodging resistance during seedling stage:

[0246] Seven days before the barley reaches the jointing stage (with weather conditions for the next 15 days being the same as in treatment group 1), foliar spraying with clean water was carried out at a rate of 20L / mu.

[0247] ⑤ Pest and disease control:

[0248] Same as treatment group 1.

[0249] ⑥ Control treatment after pollination:

[0250] Five days after 50% of the barley main ears entered pollination (with the same meteorological conditions as treatment group 1 for the next 15 days), the leaves were sprayed with water at a rate of 20 L / mu; on the 7th day thereafter, the leaves were sprayed with water at a rate of 20 L / mu.

[0251] (5) Harvest at the appropriate time:

[0252] Same as treatment group 1.

[0253] (6) Threshing, sun-drying, and yield measurement:

[0254] Same as treatment group 1.

[0255] 2.2 Measurement Items and Methods

[0256] 2.2.1 Plant height

[0257] Twenty barley plants were randomly marked in rows 2-8 of each experimental plot. At the milk stage, five plants were randomly selected from the marked plants and the height of the main ear was measured with a meter stick. The average value of the data was taken.

[0258] 2.2.2 Lodging rate

[0259] The formula for calculating the lodging rate is: Lodging rate = (Lodging area of ​​the community / Community area) × 100%.

[0260] 2.2.3 Seed yield

[0261] After the seeds are detached, they are dried in the sun, weighed, and their moisture content is tested using a seed moisture meter. Finally, the yield of each plot is uniformly adjusted to the weight of seeds with a moisture content of 13% for yield calculation.

[0262] 2.3 Data Processing

[0263] Data processing and analysis were performed using Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics 19.

[0264] 3. Results

[0265] Plant height, lodging rate, yield, and other indicators were measured for each sample, and the results were analyzed. In Table 4, T1-1 to T1-5 and T2-1 to T2-5 represent the five replicates of treatment groups T1 and T2, respectively, and CK1-CK5 represent the five replicates of the control group.

[0266] Table 4. Effects of different cultivation methods on seed yield of Kangqing No. 9

[0267] Group Name Plant Height (cm) Lodging Rate (%) Seed Yield (kg / mu) T1 94.20±4.55 15 296.68 T2 96.00±5.39 12 284.46 T3 92.20±4.44 17 265.57 T4 91.40±3.51 13 306.68 T5 94.60±3.05 5 267.79 T2-1 96.8±2.39 17 214.46 T2-2 98.8±3.49 24 223.34 T2-3 100.2±2.39 19 243.35 T2-4 99.8±2.17 21 230.01 T2-5 100.6±3.05 20 218.9 CK1 103.40±2.97 21 192.23 CK2 109.00±2.12 25 187.79 CK3 106.00±4.36 21 202.23 CK4 108.40±1.67 19 197.79 CK5 107.00±5.24 35 178.90

[0268] Table 5. Data analysis of seed yield under different cultivation methods

[0269] —— T1 T2 Control (CK) Mean (kg) 284.24 226.01 191.79 Max (kg) 306.68 243.35 202.23 Min (kg) 265.57 214.46 178.90 Range 41.11 28.89 23.33 Standard Deviation 17.87 11.27 9.05 Standard Error 7.99 5.04 4.05

[0270] Table 6. Significance analysis of the effect of different cultivation methods on the seed yield of Kangqing No. 9 (ANOVA)

[0271]

[0272] The results showed that, compared with existing lodging-resistant barley cultivation techniques and conventional barley cultivation techniques, the "high-yield, lodging-resistant barley breeding method" involved in this invention enabled the average yield of treatment group 1 (T1) to reach 284.24 kg / mu, which was 58.23 kg / mu higher than the average yield of treatment group 2 (T2), representing an increase of 25.76%, and 92.45 kg / mu higher than the average yield of the control group, representing an increase of 48.20%, all of which reached a highly significant level (p < 0.05).

[0273] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding high-yield, lodging-resistant barley varieties from the Sichuan-Western Plateau, characterized in that, The method is applicable to the spring-sown barley area of ​​the western Sichuan plateau, and the method includes: (1) During the emergence period of barley, ensure that the seedlings are uniform and even, and that the basic seedling density is 180,000-220,000 per mu; (2) Seven days before the barley jointing stage, plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers were used to treat the seedlings against lodging, maintaining the total number of stems at 500,000-600,000 per mu; (3) On the day of pollination of 50%-75% of the main ears of barley, and 10 days after pollination of 50%-75% of the main ears of barley, plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers should be used for anti-lodging treatment after pollination.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, (1) If there are no meteorological disasters in the next 15 days after the barley seedlings emerge to the point of having one leaf and one heart, seedling inspection should be carried out to thin out and fill in any gaps. The meteorological disasters mentioned include drought, hail, freezing damage, cold damage, and waterlogging damage.

3. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filling of gaps and sparse areas includes: If the basic seedling density is 180,000-220,000 per mu, and the seedlings are uniform and even, no treatment is needed. If the number of basic seedlings after the seedling inspection is less than 180,000 per mu, and there are missing seedlings, gaps in rows, or weak seedlings, then replanting should be carried out. After the replanted barley reaches the stage of one leaf and one heart, plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers should be used to regulate the weak seedlings and replanted areas. If the number of basic seedlings exceeds 220,000 per mu after the seedling inspection, then the seedlings should be compacted once during the mid-tillering stage.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, If there are no meteorological disasters in the next 15 days, 7 days before the barley jointing stage, two anti-lodging treatments should be carried out using different plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers according to the total number of barley stems per mu, with an interval of 7 days between each treatment, to ensure that the total number of barley stems is 500,000-600,000 per mu; the meteorological disasters mentioned include drought, hail, frost damage, cold damage, and waterlogging damage.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, If there are no meteorological disasters in the next 15 days, and the barley is jointed 7 days before the jointing stage, the following lodging prevention treatments should be carried out based on the total number of barley stems per acre: 1.1 First lodging prevention treatment: A: If the total number of stems is between 500,000 and 600,000 per mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.15% chlormequat chloride solution, a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, and a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, all at a dosage of 20L per mu. B: If the total number of stems is higher than 600,000 / mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.15% chlormequat chloride solution and a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, both at a dosage of 20L / mu. C: If the total number of stems is less than 500,000 per mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.15% chlormequat chloride solution, a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, at a rate of 20L / mu. The meteorological disasters mentioned include drought, hail, freezing damage, cold damage, and waterlogging damage; 1.2 Second anti-lodging treatment: Seven days after the initial lodging prevention treatment, the following procedures should be performed: A: If the total number of stems is between 500,000 and 600,000 per mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclohexane solution, a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution, and a 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed solution, all at a rate of 20L per mu. B: If the total number of stems is higher than 600,000 per mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclohexane solution and a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, at a rate of 20L per mu. C: If the total number of stems is less than 500,000 per mu, then spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclohexane solution, a 0.15% organic chelated silicon solution with silicon content, and a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, all at a rate of 20L / mu. The concentrations of the chlormequat chloride aqueous solution and the calcium cyclamate aqueous solution are recommended concentrations, and should be adjusted by ±50% according to the sensitivity of barley varieties to chlormequat chloride and calcium cyclamate.

6. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that, From the day of pollination of 50%-75% of the main ears of barley to 10 days after pollination, different plant growth regulators and / or fertilizers are used for two lodging prevention treatments, with an interval of 7 days between each treatment, depending on the number of effective ears per mu and the weather conditions for the next 15 days.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, From the day 50%-75% of the main ears of barley are pollinated until 10 days after pollination, the following lodging prevention treatments should be carried out: A: If the effective ears of barley are in the range of 250,000-350,000 per mu, the following measures should be taken based on the weather forecast for the next 15 days: ① If unfavorable weather conditions are expected within the next 15 days, apply a foliar spray of 0.075% chlormequat chloride solution at a rate of 20 L / mu. On the 7th day thereafter, apply another foliar spray of 0.075% chlormequat chloride solution, and a foliar spray of a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 20 L / mu for each solution. The unfavorable weather conditions include strong winds, heavy rain, and prolonged rainfall, where prolonged rainfall refers to the duration of rainfall that reaches the maximum water holding capacity of the entire barley plant. ② If there are no unfavorable weather conditions in the next 15 days, spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution at a rate of 20L / mu; on the 7th day thereafter, spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution and a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 20L / mu. B: If the effective ears of barley exceed 350,000 per mu, proceed as follows based on the weather forecast for the next 15 days: ① If unfavorable weather conditions exist in the next 15 days, spray the leaves with a 0.1% chlormequat chloride solution at a rate of 20L / mu; on the 7th day thereafter, spray the leaves with a 0.05% chlormequat chloride solution, and spray the leaves with a mixed solution of 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 20L / mu for each solution. ② If there are no unfavorable weather conditions in the next 15 days, spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution at a rate of 20L / mu; on the 7th day thereafter, spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution and a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 20L / mu. C: If the effective ears of barley are less than 250,000 per mu, the following measures should be taken based on the weather forecast for the next 15 days: ① If unfavorable weather conditions exist in the next 15 days, spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution at a rate of 20L / mu; on the 7th day thereafter, spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution, and spray the leaves with a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 20L / mu for each solution. ② If there are no unfavorable weather conditions in the next 15 days, spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution and a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at a rate of 20L / mu for each. On the 7th day thereafter, spray the leaves with a 0.02% calcium cyclamate solution and a mixed solution of 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at a rate of 20L / mu for each. The concentrations of the chlormequat chloride aqueous solution and the calcium cyclamate aqueous solution are recommended concentrations, and should be adjusted by ±50% according to the sensitivity of barley varieties to chlormequat chloride and calcium cyclamate.

8. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for breeding high-yield, lodging-resistant barley varieties includes: S1: Land preparation and fertilization; S2: Seed selection and seed dressing with seed dressing agent; S3: Sowing; S4: Field Management: including seedling management, weeding, topdressing, lodging prevention treatment during seedling stage, pest and disease control, and lodging prevention treatment after pollination; S5: Harvesting; S6: Seed collection and storage.

9. The breeding method according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the second lodging control treatment in the barley seedling stage and the first lodging control treatment after barley pollination, foliar spraying of calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, sulfur, iron, copper, molybdenum, and selenium micronutrient fertilizers was carried out.

10. The breeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The barley variety in question is a hexagonal spring barley variety.

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