High-precision LED rear combination lamp lamp shell machining center

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of lamp shell processing, in particular to a high-precision lamp shell processing center for LED rear combination lamps, which comprises a base, a plurality of supporting seats are fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the base, a conveying belt device is arranged at the top of the supporting seats, a punching mechanism is arranged on the side wall of the conveying belt device at the front end of the conveying belt device, a moving mechanism is arranged on the side wall of the conveying belt device at the other side of the front end of the conveying belt device, a fixed frame is arranged at the working end of the moving mechanism, and the inner side of the fixed frame is used for placing the lamp shell. The lamp shell production is improved in integration effect and stability by positioning and damping to ensure drilling precision, automatic cleaning and film pasting to reduce pollution risk, spraying and ultrasonic cooperation to improve solidification efficiency, ion wind and heat exchange to realize energy saving and optimize coating quality, and overall design considering processing precision, cleanliness, energy saving and process continuity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lamp housing processing technology, and in particular to a high-precision lamp housing processing center for LED rear combination lamps. Background Technology

[0002] Automotive rear combination lights are lights installed at the rear of a vehicle, typically consisting of brake lights, side marker lights, trunk lights, and reversing lights, playing a vital role in driving. To improve their lifespan and lighting performance, a special paint is applied to the lens cover during the manufacturing process. This process allows for adjustments to the lens cover's color and light transmittance to meet specific needs, while also optimizing its appearance, thus ensuring that the rear combination lights better meet usage requirements.

[0003] However, existing combination lamp housing processing equipment mostly uses simple mechanical fixing methods in the drilling process, lacking effective vibration reduction and positioning methods. During the drilling process, vibration can easily cause hole position displacement or dimensional errors, affecting the assembly accuracy of the lamp housing. Furthermore, in the subsequent spraying and coating stages, existing equipment generally relies on a single spraying method, resulting in insufficient coating penetration and curing speed. This can easily lead to defects such as uneven spraying, poor adhesion, and coating dripping. At the same time, there is a lack of effective shielding measures for the hole area, causing the coating liquid to overflow and contaminate the outer wall of the lamp housing and the inside of the equipment, increasing the subsequent cleaning burden. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned shortcomings in the prior art by proposing a high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing processing center.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing processing center includes a base, on the upper surface of which multiple support seats are fixedly installed. A conveyor belt device is installed on the top of the multiple support seats. A punching mechanism is provided on one side of the front end of the conveyor belt device and a moving mechanism is provided on the other side of the front end of the conveyor belt device. A fixed frame is installed at the working end of the moving mechanism, and the inside of the fixed frame is used to place the lamp housing.

[0007] The punching mechanism is provided with a mounting platform fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device. A clamping plate and a robotic arm are sequentially installed on the upper surface of the mounting platform, and a disposable film is placed on the clamping plate.

[0008] A working shell is fitted on the outer side of the middle section of the conveyor belt device. A control panel is installed on the side wall of the working shell, and a coating mechanism is installed on the top of the working shell.

[0009] Angle adjustment mechanisms are provided on both sides above the conveyor belt device. Multiple fixed shells are installed on the working end of the angle adjustment mechanism. A blower and an ultrasonic device are installed on the fixed shell inside the working shell. The working ends of the blower and the ultrasonic device are facing the lamp housing. The blower is connected to an external air supply device. The working end of the coating mechanism is located between the two fixed shells.

[0010] Preferably, a servo motor is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the base, and the output end of the servo motor is key-connected to a transmission device. The transmission device is connected to the conveyor belt device and is used to drive the conveyor belt device to operate.

[0011] Preferably, the drilling mechanism includes a first support platform fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device. The first support platform has an upper and lower two-layer structure. A drilling machine is fixedly installed on the upper layer, with the working end of the drilling machine facing the side of the conveyor belt device. A collection frame is placed on the lower layer, with the collection frame located directly below the drilling end of the drilling machine.

[0012] Preferably, a positioning plate is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed frame near the drilling machine. The positioning plate and the side wall of the fixed frame connected thereto are both provided with through holes. The through holes correspond to the drilling end position of the drilling machine, and their diameter is not less than the diameter of the drilling end of the drilling machine.

[0013] Preferably, the moving mechanism includes a second support platform fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device. A hydraulic push rod and a slide rail are sequentially installed on the second support platform. The telescopic end of the hydraulic push rod faces the side of the conveyor belt device and is fixedly connected to the fixed frame. A sliding seat is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed frame near the slide rail, and the sliding seat is slidably connected to the slide rail.

[0014] Preferably, a vibration damper is also installed on the second support platform, and the working end of the vibration damper is connected to the fixed frame.

[0015] Preferably, an air jet device is fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device opposite to the mounting platform, with the working end of the air jet device facing the lamp housing.

[0016] Preferably, the coating mechanism includes a coating machine fixedly installed on the top of the working shell, and a plurality of telescopic rods fixedly installed at equal intervals on the inner top wall of the working shell. The output end of the telescopic rod is vertically downward and fixedly installed with a uniform nozzle. The output end of the coating machine is connected to the corresponding uniform nozzle through a pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism includes two rotating rods rotatably mounted on both sides above the conveyor belt device. The two rotating rods are distributed in parallel and are driven to rotate by a drive device mounted on the side wall of the conveyor belt device. Multiple fixed shells are fixedly mounted on the corresponding rotating rods at equal intervals.

[0018] Preferably, the coating mechanism is provided with an ion fan fixedly installed inside the working shell at the rear, the air outlet of the ion fan faces the conveyor belt device, a heat exchange chamber is installed at the top of the ion fan, the input end of the heat exchange chamber is connected to a water pipe, a heat exchange system is provided on one side inside the coating machine, and the output end of the heat exchange system is connected to the water pipe.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. This invention effectively fixes the lamp housing during drilling by combining a positioning plate and a vibration damper, reducing vibration transmission during drilling, ensuring accurate drilling position, improving processing precision, and extending the life of equipment parts after the vibration damper absorbs vibration, avoiding errors and damage caused by vibration. At the same time, a collection frame is set to collect debris, ensuring a clean processing environment, facilitating subsequent processing, reducing manual cleaning workload, and achieving stability and efficiency in the processing process.

[0021] 2. After drilling, the present invention uses an air jet device to clean the dust and debris inside the lamp housing to ensure cleanliness before spraying. Then, a robotic arm automatically applies a disposable film to prevent the sprayed liquid from overflowing through the holes and to prevent contamination of the lamp housing and the inside of the device. This step not only reduces the difficulty of subsequent cleaning but also reduces material waste. At the same time, it creates a more stable environment for the subsequent coating process and improves the continuity and reliability of the overall processing.

[0022] 3. In the spraying process, the uniform spray nozzle matches the shape of the lamp housing to ensure uniform coating distribution and avoid spraying dead corners. The high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic device promotes coating penetration and rapid curing, significantly shortens drying time, and improves adhesion. The outer wall of the lamp housing is cooled by the air blower to prevent the film from deforming or falling off due to excessive temperature, thereby ensuring the hole masking effect. The combined internal and external design can prevent the coating from agglomerating into droplets and improve the uniformity and smoothness of spraying.

[0023] 4. The heat inside the coating machine of this invention is recovered through the heat exchange system and used to heat the airflow of the ion fan, realizing the recycling of energy. The preheated ion fan not only neutralizes the static electricity inside the lamp housing and prevents the uncured coating from adsorbing dust particles, but also promotes uniform evaporation of solvent by gentle heating, reducing sagging, bubbles and orange peel phenomenon, improving the surface quality of the coating, and simultaneously realizing static electricity elimination and pre-drying, reducing additional energy consumption, shortening the process chain, and improving overall production efficiency.

[0024] In summary, this invention ensures drilling accuracy through positioning and vibration reduction, reduces the risk of contamination through automatic cleaning and film application, improves curing efficiency through the combination of spraying and ultrasonic waves, and achieves energy saving and optimizes coating quality through ion wind and heat exchange. The overall design takes into account processing accuracy, cleanliness, energy saving and process continuity, thereby improving the integrated effect and stability of lamp housing production. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing processing center proposed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the base and support structure of the high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing processing center proposed in this invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration damper and drilling machine structure of the high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing processing center proposed in this invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting platform and robotic arm structure of the high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing processing center proposed in this invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing frame and positioning plate structure of the high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing processing center proposed in this invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the coating machine and water pipe structure of the high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing processing center proposed in this invention.

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Base, 2. Support base, 3. Servo motor, 4. Conveyor belt device, 5. Fixed shell, 6. Working shell, 7. Coating machine, 8. Water guide pipe, 9. Heat exchange chamber, 10. Ion fan, 11. Telescopic rod, 12. Uniform nozzle, 13. Rotating rod, 14. Air blowing pipe, 15. Ultrasonic device, 16. Hydraulic push rod, 17. Slide rail, 18. Fixed frame, 19. Positioning plate, 20. Collection frame, 21. Drilling machine, 22. Vibration damper, 23. Mounting platform, 24. Clamping plate, 25. Robotic arm, 26. Transmission device, 27. Jet device. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0034] Reference Figures 1 to 7A high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing processing center includes a base 1. Multiple support seats 2 are fixedly installed in a linear array on the upper surface of the base 1. A conveyor belt device 4 is installed on the top of the multiple support seats 2. The conveyor belt device 4 is used to transport the lamp housing. A servo motor 3 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base 1. The output end of the servo motor 3 is keyed to a transmission device 26. The transmission device 26 is connected to the conveyor belt device 4 and is used to drive the conveyor belt device 4 to operate.

[0035] A first support platform is fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device 4 at one end. The first support platform has an upper and lower two-layer structure. A drilling machine 21 is fixedly installed on the upper layer of the first support platform, with the working end of the drilling machine 21 facing the conveyor belt device 4. A second support platform is fixedly installed on the other side of the front end of the conveyor belt device 4. A hydraulic push rod 16, a slide rail 17, and a shock absorber 22 are installed sequentially on the second support platform. The telescopic end of the hydraulic push rod 16 faces the conveyor belt device 4 and is fixedly connected to a fixing frame 18. Located above the conveyor belt device 4, the fixed frame 18 can reciprocate above the conveyor belt device 4 along a direction perpendicular to the movement of the conveyor belt device 4 under the action of the hydraulic push rod 16. The inner side of the fixed frame 18 is used to place the lamp housing. In order to ensure the stability of the fixed frame 18 during movement and improve the drilling accuracy, a sliding seat is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed frame 18 near the slide rail 17. The sliding seat is slidably connected to the slide rail 17, so that the fixed frame 18 can move along the slide rail 17 during movement. The working end of the shock absorber 22 is connected to the fixed frame 18.

[0036] A positioning plate 19 is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed frame 18 near the drilling machine 21. The positioning plate 19 and the side wall of the fixed frame 18 connected to it are provided with through holes. The through holes correspond to the working end position of the drilling machine 21, and their diameter is not less than the working end diameter of the drilling machine 21, so that the drilling machine 21 can drill holes in the lamp housing placed in the fixed frame 18 through the through holes. A collection frame 20 is placed on the lower layer of the first support platform. The collection frame 20 is located directly below the working end of the drilling machine 21 and is used to collect the debris generated during the drilling process.

[0037] A mounting platform 23 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device 4 on one side of the first support platform. A clamping plate 24 and a robotic arm 25 are installed sequentially on the upper surface of the mounting platform 23. A disposable film is placed on the clamping plate 24. After the robotic arm 25 removes the disposable film, it is attached to the side of the lamp housing where the hole is drilled, in preparation for subsequent coating. An air jet device 27 is fixedly installed on the other side wall of the conveyor belt device 4 relative to the mounting platform 23. The working end of the air jet device 27 faces the lamp housing and cleans the debris and dust generated during the drilling process from the lamp housing.

[0038] A working shell 6 is fitted on the outer side of the middle section of the conveyor belt device 4. A control panel is installed on the side wall of the working shell 6 to control the overall operation of the device. The working shell 6 is fixedly installed on the support base 2. A coating machine 7 is fixedly installed on the top of the working shell 6. The coating machine 7 is existing technology, and its specific structural design will not be described in detail here. Multiple telescopic rods 11 are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the inner top wall of the working shell 6. The working end of the telescopic rod 11 is vertically downward and fixedly installed with a uniform nozzle 12. The uniform nozzle 12 can be moved up and down by extending and retracting the telescopic rod 11. The output end of the coating machine 7 is connected to the corresponding uniform nozzle 12 through a pipe.

[0039] Rotating rods 13 are rotatably mounted on both sides above the conveyor belt device 4. The two rotating rods 13 are parallel and are driven to rotate by a drive device installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device 4. Multiple fixed shells 5 are fixedly mounted at equal intervals on the rotating rods 13. Processing-related equipment is installed on the fixed shells 5. A blower pipe 14 and an ultrasonic device 15 are installed on the fixed shell 5 located inside the working shell 6. The blower pipe 14 is connected to an external air supply device. The working ends of the blower pipe 14 and the ultrasonic device 15 are both facing the lamp shell side. They can rotate with the rotating rods 13, so that the angle can be adjusted during operation. The uniform nozzle 12 is located between the fixed shells 5 on both sides. With the cooperation of the blower pipe 14 and the ultrasonic device 15, it processes the lamp shell.

[0040] An ion fan 10 is fixedly installed inside the working shell 6 on the rear side of the coating machine 7. The ion fan 10 is existing technology, and its specific structural design will not be described in detail here. A heat exchange chamber 9 is installed at the top of the ion fan 10. The input end of the heat exchange chamber 9 is connected to a water pipe 8. A heat exchange system is provided on one side inside the coating machine 7. The output end of the heat exchange system is connected to the water pipe 8, so that the heat generated inside the coating machine 7 during operation is introduced into the heat exchange chamber 9 installed at the top of the ion fan 10 through the water pipe 8 after passing through the heat exchange system, so as to preheat the ion air blown out by the ion fan 10.

[0041] When using this invention, the operator operates the control panel to start the servo motor 3, which drives the transmission device 26 to rotate, thereby driving the conveyor belt device 4 to rotate. The lamp housing to be processed is placed upside down into the fixed frame 18. A positioning plate 19 is installed on one side of the fixed frame, and a vibration damper 22 is installed on the other side. Now, it is necessary to drill a hole on one side of the lamp housing to leave screw holes for subsequent installation.

[0042] Align the drill bit of the drilling machine 21 with the center of the positioning plate 19. The slide rail 17 is installed behind the fixed frame 18. Start the hydraulic push rod 16. The hydraulic push rod 16 will push the fixed frame 18 and move it towards the drilling machine 21 on the slide rail 17. The drill bit of the drilling machine 21 will slowly contact the fixed frame 18 and drill a hole in the fixed frame 18. Since vibration will inevitably occur during the drilling process, the vibration damper 22 installed on one side of the fixed frame 18 will absorb the vibration transmitted from the lamp housing to the fixed frame 18 during drilling. With the positioning function of the positioning plate 19, it is ensured that the hole can be accurately drilled in the lamp housing.

[0043] During the drilling process, debris and dust will be generated. These debris and dust will fall into the collection box 20 below the positioning plate 19 for easy collection.

[0044] After drilling, the hydraulic push rod 16, along with the fixed frame 18 and the internal lamp housing, returns to its original position via the slide rail 17. The conveyor belt device 4 then operates, moving the lamp housing forward until it stops at the mounting platform 23. The jetting device, connected to an external compressor via a pipe, blows out any dust and debris that may be inside the lamp housing. Subsequently, the robotic arm 25 is activated. Through the operation of the robotic arm 25, a disposable film is removed from the clamping plate 24 and attached to the side of the lamp housing where the hole was drilled, preparing for subsequent coating work.

[0045] After the film is applied, the lamp housing continues to move forward and enters the working housing 6. The coating machine 7 at the top of the working housing 6 starts working, guiding the coating liquid through the conduit into the uniform spray nozzle 12 at the bottom. The shape of the uniform spray nozzle 12 matches the shape of the inside of the lamp housing to ensure a uniform spraying effect. The lamp housing will stop directly below the telescopic rod 11, with fixed housings 5 ​​symmetrically arranged on both sides. The fixed housings 5 ​​inside the working housing 6 need to be adjusted downwards appropriately by rotating the rod 13 so that the air blown obliquely downwards by the air blower 14 can act on the outer wall of the lamp housing.

[0046] The telescopic rod 11 is activated to move the uniform spray head 12 into the lamp housing and start spraying. At the same time, the blower 14 and ultrasonic device 15 are activated. The disposable film previously applied to the drilled hole also comes into play at this time. The advantages of this design are as follows.

[0047] First: The ultrasonic device 15 acts on the lamp housing, promoting rapid penetration and curing of the coating through high-frequency vibration, reducing drying time and improving overall process efficiency;

[0048] Second: Pre-apply disposable film to the holes in the lamp housing. The film physically prevents liquid from spraying out from the holes during the spraying process, thus avoiding contamination of the outer wall of the lamp housing and the inside of the device, simplifying the subsequent cleaning process and reducing the difficulty of cleaning.

[0049] Third: When spraying the inside of the lamp housing, blowing air to cool the outer wall can effectively prevent heat from being conducted to the outer wall, causing the one-time film to peel off or deform, thus ensuring the shielding effect and avoiding contamination of the outer wall of the lamp housing.

[0050] Fourth: Timely cooling of the outer wall of the lamp housing helps improve the adhesion of the internal coating. Combined with ultrasonic vibration, it prevents the spray coating from condensing into droplets, thus improving the spraying effect.

[0051] The heat generated inside the coating machine 7 during operation is transferred through the heat exchange system to hot water via the water pipe 8 into the heat exchange chamber 9 installed on top of the ion blower 10. This preheats the ion air blown out by the ion blower 10. The ion air not only neutralizes residual static electricity inside the lamp housing, preventing uncured coatings from adsorbing particles from the air and improving surface cleanliness, but also gently blows the coating after preheating, promoting uniform solvent evaporation, reducing sagging, bubbles, or orange peel effects, and improving gloss. Finally, static electricity elimination and pre-drying are completed simultaneously, reducing additional baking energy consumption and shortening the process chain.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing machining center, comprising a base (1), wherein multiple support seats (2) are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the base (1), and a conveyor belt device (4) is jointly mounted on the top of the multiple support seats (2), characterized in that, The front end of the conveyor belt device (4) is provided with a punching mechanism installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device (4), and the other side of the front end of the conveyor belt device (4) is provided with a moving mechanism installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device (4). The working end of the moving mechanism is equipped with a fixed frame (18), and the inside of the fixed frame (18) is used to place the lamp housing. The drilling mechanism is provided with a mounting platform (23) fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device (4). The upper surface of the mounting platform (23) is sequentially equipped with a clamping plate (24) and a robotic arm (25). A disposable film is placed on the clamping plate (24). After the robotic arm (25) removes the disposable film, it attaches the film to the side of the lamp housing where the hole is drilled, in preparation for subsequent coating. The conveyor belt device (4) is fitted with a working shell (6) on the outer side of the middle section. A control panel is installed on the side wall of the working shell (6), and a coating mechanism is installed on the top of the working shell (6). An angle adjustment mechanism is provided on both sides above the conveyor belt device (4). Multiple fixed shells (5) are installed on the working end of the angle adjustment mechanism. A blower (14) and an ultrasonic device (15) are installed on the fixed shell (5) inside the working shell (6). The working ends of the blower (14) and the ultrasonic device (15) are facing the lamp shell side. The blower (14) is connected to the external air supply equipment. The working end of the coating mechanism is located between the fixed shells (5) on both sides. The drilling mechanism includes a first support platform fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device (4). The first support platform is divided into upper and lower layers. A drilling machine (21) is fixedly installed on the upper layer. The working end of the drilling machine (21) faces the conveyor belt device (4). A collection frame (20) is placed on the lower layer. The collection frame (20) is located directly below the working end of the drilling machine (21). A positioning plate (19) is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed frame (18) near the drilling machine (21). The positioning plate (19) and the side wall of the fixed frame (18) connected thereto are both provided with through holes. The through holes correspond to the working end position of the drilling machine (21), and their diameter is not less than the working end diameter of the drilling machine (21). The moving mechanism includes a second support platform fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor belt device (4). A hydraulic push rod (16) and a slide rail (17) are installed sequentially on the second support platform. The telescopic end of the hydraulic push rod (16) faces the conveyor belt device (4) and is fixedly connected to the fixed frame (18). A sliding seat is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed frame (18) near the slide rail (17). The sliding seat is slidably connected to the slide rail (17). A vibration damper (22) is also installed on the second support platform, and the working end of the vibration damper (22) is connected to the fixed frame (18).

2. The high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that, A servo motor (3) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base (1). The output end of the servo motor (3) is connected to a transmission device (26). The transmission device (26) is connected to the conveyor belt device (4) and is used to drive the conveyor belt device (4) to operate.

3. The high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveyor belt device (4) is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the other end of the mounting platform (23), with the working end of the jet device (27) facing the lamp housing.

4. The high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating mechanism includes a coating machine (7) fixedly installed on the top of the working shell (6), and multiple telescopic rods (11) fixedly installed at equal intervals on the inner top wall of the working shell (6). The working end of the telescopic rod (11) is vertically downward and fixedly installed with a uniform nozzle (12). The output end of the coating machine (7) is connected to the corresponding uniform nozzle (12) through a pipe.

5. The high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle adjustment mechanism includes two rotating rods (13) rotatably mounted on both sides above the conveyor belt device (4). The two rotating rods (13) are parallel to each other and are driven to rotate by a drive device mounted on the side wall of the conveyor belt device (4). Multiple fixed shells (5) are fixedly mounted at equal intervals on the corresponding rotating rods (13).

6. The high-precision LED rear combination lamp housing machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that, An ion fan (10) is fixedly installed inside the working shell (6) on the rear side of the coating mechanism. The working end of the ion fan (10) faces the conveyor belt device (4). A heat exchange chamber (9) is installed at the top of the ion fan (10). A water pipe (8) is connected to the input end of the heat exchange chamber (9). A heat exchange system is provided on one side inside the coating machine (7). The output end of the heat exchange system is connected to the water pipe (8).

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