Main machine belt conveyor and tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a main machine belt conveyor which comprises a horizontal conveying section which is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer. The front end connecting frame is installed on the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section and used for guiding the muck to the middle of the horizontal conveying section; the telescopic feeding end is matched with the front end connecting frame and is matched with the inner wall of the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section to slide; the telescopic end of the front-section telescopic oil cylinder is connected with the telescopic feeding end, and the front-section telescopic oil cylinder is fixed to the side wall of the horizontal conveying section. According to the main machine belt conveyor and the tunnel boring machine, the continuous conveying requirement for deslagging and the tool changing space releasing requirement can be flexibly switched, the conveying track does not need to be recalibrated, seamless connection of deslagging and tool changing is achieved, and the tunneling operation efficiency can be greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of tunnel construction equipment, and particularly relates to a main machine belt conveyor and a tunnel boring machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] When a long-distance tunnel needs to pass through complex geology (such as rock layers, soft and hard composite strata) during construction, a tunnel boring machine (TBM) is usually used. For example, in the construction of a mountainous railway tunnel (such as a long tunnel in the Sichuan-Tibet Railway), a large-section tunnel needs to be excavated in the steep mountains, and a tunnel boring machine can achieve efficient and safe tunnel excavation.

[0003] When the tunnel boring machine is excavating, the cutter head continuously cuts the rock of the tunnel face and forms muck. If the muck cannot be discharged in time, the cutter head will be accumulated with muck and cannot continue to cut, thereby interrupting the excavation process. The main machine belt conveyor, as the core part of the tunnel boring machine, can achieve efficient transfer of muck.

[0004] However, during the excavation process, the cutter of the cutter head will inevitably be damaged, and at this time, the cutter needs to be replaced. Considering the narrow space and other factors, the main machine belt conveyor must be moved backward to facilitate the replacement personnel to enter the work. In this way, the machine needs to be stopped for replacement, and after the replacement is completed, the conveying track of the main machine belt conveyor needs to be recalibrated, resulting in repeated switching of the main machine belt between muck discharge, cutter replacement, calibration, and muck discharge, and the tunnel excavation efficiency is low. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present application is to provide a main machine belt conveyor and a tunnel boring machine, which can flexibly switch between the continuous conveying demand of muck discharge and the space release demand of cutter replacement, without the need for recalibration of the conveying track, realize seamless connection of muck discharge and cutter replacement, and greatly improve the tunnel excavation efficiency.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows: A main machine belt conveyor, comprising: a horizontal conveying section, the horizontal conveying section being divided into an upper layer and a lower layer; a front end connecting frame, the front end connecting frame being installed on the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section, the front end connecting frame being used for guiding muck to the middle part of the horizontal conveying section; a telescopic feeding end, the telescopic feeding end being matched with the front end connecting frame and being matched with the inner wall of the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section to slide; and a front telescopic oil cylinder, a telescopic end of the front telescopic oil cylinder being connected with the telescopic feeding end, the front telescopic oil cylinder being fixed on the side wall of the horizontal conveying section.

[0007] Preferably, the front end connecting frame comprises a muck guiding mechanism, and the muck guiding mechanism is in a horn shape.

[0008] Preferably, the front end connecting frame comprises a front end tail mounting pin arranged at the tail of the front end connecting frame; the side of the horizontal conveying section is provided with a mounting groove, and the front end tail mounting pin is matched with the mounting groove.

[0009] Preferably, the telescopic feeding end is provided with a first chamfer matched with a second chamfer on the front end connecting frame; the side of the telescopic feeding end is provided with a third chamfer matched with the inner side wall of the horizontal conveying section.

[0010] Preferably, the inner side wall of the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section is provided with a front end arc-shaped protrusion.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom of the telescopic feeding end is provided with a semicircular roller; the horizontal conveying section comprises a climbing triangular plate arranged at the inside of the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section in a detachable manner, and the climbing triangular plate is matched with the surface of the semicircular roller.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic feeding end comprises an arc-shaped beam arranged at one end of the telescopic feeding end close to the inner side of the horizontal conveying section, and the curvature radius of the arc-shaped beam matches the profile of the upper end of the track of the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section.

[0013] Preferably, the main machine belt conveyor comprises a conveying belt; the telescopic feeding end comprises a first roller and a second roller arranged on the inner frame of the telescopic feeding end and arranged in front of and behind each other in the direction of conveying the slag, and used for supporting the lower surface of the conveying belt; the horizontal conveying section comprises a third roller arranged at the inner side region of the horizontal conveying section close to the front end connecting frame and located below the conveying belt, and used for supporting the conveying belt in the horizontal conveying section; the mounting height of the first roller and the second roller is lower than the mounting height of the third roller.

[0014] Preferably, the main machine belt conveyor comprises a support wheel assembly in contact with the bottom of the horizontal conveying section; an inclined conveying section provided with a roller at the bottom of the tail end; the rear end of the horizontal conveying section is rigidly connected with the front end of the inclined conveying section; and the horizontal conveying section comprises a lifting point arranged at the end of the horizontal conveying section.

[0015] A tunnel boring machine comprises the main machine belt conveyor.

[0016] This invention provides a main conveyor belt, comprising: a horizontal conveying section, which is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer; a front-end connecting frame, which is installed on the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section and is used to guide the slag to the middle of the horizontal conveying section; a telescopic feeding end, which cooperates with the front-end connecting frame and slides against the inner wall of the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section; and a front telescopic hydraulic cylinder, whose telescopic end is connected to the telescopic feeding end and is fixed to the side wall of the horizontal conveying section. The main conveyor belt provided by this invention is based on a core structure of layered horizontal conveying section, partial telescopic feeding end, and fixed guidance by the front-end connecting frame. Through three key design features—extremely simple action switching, zero structural disassembly, and self-maintaining state—this main conveyor belt achieves seamless connection between slag discharge and cutter replacement. It does not require interruption of the core structure or additional calibration and adjustment; the entire process from slag discharge to cutter replacement and then back to slag discharge can be quickly completed through the action switching of a single component (the telescopic feeding end). Therefore, the main belt conveyor provided in this application can flexibly switch between the continuous conveying requirements for slag removal and the requirements for releasing the cutting tool space, without the need to recalibrate the conveying trajectory, achieving seamless connection between slag removal and cutting tool replacement, which can greatly improve the efficiency of tunnel excavation operations. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main belt conveyor provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main belt conveyor provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the extended structure of the main conveyor belt provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the retractable main conveyor belt structure provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A side view of the main belt conveyor provided by the present invention; Figure 6 A top view of the telescopic feed end provided by the present invention; Figure 7 A side view of the telescopic feed end provided by the present invention; Figure 8 A perspective view of the telescopic feed end provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic feed end provided by the present invention; Figure 10 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the main belt conveyor provided by the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the main belt conveyor provided by the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the conveyor belt retraction and folding process provided by the present invention; Figure 13This is a schematic diagram of the conveyor belt retraction and folding process provided by the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the conveyor belt retraction and folding process provided by the present invention; Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the front-end connector frame provided by the present invention; Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal conveyor section provided by the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1. Telescopic feed end; 11. First roller; 12. Second roller; 13. First chamfer; 14. Second chamfer; 15. Arc beam; 16. Semi-circular roller; 2. Front connecting frame; 21. Third chamfer; 22. Slag guide mechanism; 23. Front end tail mounting pin; 3. Horizontal conveying section; 31. Third roller; 32. Mounting groove; 33. Lifting point; 34. Inclined triangular plate; 35. Front arc protrusion; 4. Inclined conveying section; 5. Drive tensioning end; 6. Support wheel assembly; 7. Conveyor belt; 8. Ventilation duct; 9. Front telescopic cylinder; 10. Tensioning cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper" and "lower" indicate orientation or positional relationship only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0021] Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the present invention provides a main conveyor belt, including a horizontal conveying section 3, which is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer; a front connecting frame 2, which is installed on the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section 3 and is used to guide the slag to the middle of the horizontal conveying section 3; a telescopic feeding end 1, which cooperates with the front connecting frame 2 and slides with the lower inner wall of the horizontal conveying section 3; and a front telescopic cylinder 9, whose telescopic end is connected to the telescopic feeding end 1 and is fixed on the side wall of the horizontal conveying section 3.

[0022] The main conveyor belt provided by this invention is based on a core structure with a three-layer horizontal conveying section, a partially telescopic feed end 1, and a fixed guide front-end connecting frame 2. This main conveyor belt achieves seamless connection between slag discharge and cutter replacement through three key design features: extremely simple action switching, zero structural disassembly, and self-maintaining state. It requires no interruption of the core structure or additional calibration and adjustment; the entire process from slag discharge to cutter replacement and back to slag discharge can be quickly completed through the action switching of a single component (telescopic feed end 1). Specific connection details are as follows: When the cutterhead cutting tools of the tunnel boring machine need to be replaced, the front telescopic cylinder 9 is activated, and the piston rod pulls the telescopic feed end 1 backward along the lower inner wall of the horizontal conveying section 3. During the sliding process, the cooperation between the telescopic feed end 1 and the lower inner wall of the horizontal conveying section 3 (without gaps or offset) ensures that it moves along a fixed trajectory without the need for manual calibration. At the same time, the telescopic feed end 1 and the front connecting frame 2 maintain a preset safety distance (because the front connecting frame 2 is fixed to the upper layer, there is no relative motion interference between the two), avoiding collisions. When the telescopic feed end 1 is completely retracted into the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3, the space originally occupied by it is completely released, meeting the needs of the personnel changing the cutting tools. After the space is released, there is no need to make any adjustments to the horizontal conveying section 3 or the front connecting frame 2. The front connecting frame 2 remains fixed to the upper layer, and its guide structure remains in its original position (there is no need to realign the slag receiving hopper when resuming slag discharge). The entire slag discharge-cutter change connection process is very short. The core is that only the telescopic feed end 1 is moved, without moving the main structure, so as to quickly switch to cutting tool change preparation after slag discharge stops.

[0023] After the cutter change is completed, the process from cutter change to resumption of slag discharge is achieved by the rapid extension of the telescopic feed end 1 and the restoration of the guiding / docking state. There is no need to readjust the guiding angle of the front connecting frame 2 or calibrate the belt tension. After the cutter change is completed, the piston rod of the front telescopic cylinder 9 pushes the telescopic feed end 1 to slide along the lower inner wall of the horizontal conveying section 3. After the telescopic feed end 1 is docked, continuous slag discharge is immediately resumed. Throughout the process, the main structure, including the horizontal conveying section 3 and the front connecting frame 2, remains stable without any posture deviation caused by the cutter change. The slag discharge efficiency is exactly the same as before the cutter change.

[0024] The efficient and uninterrupted process of slag discharge-cutter change and cutter change-slag discharge described above is fundamentally due to the following reasons: First, the three-layer design of the horizontal conveyor section ensures physical isolation and prevents interference between the two layers. The upper layer of the horizontal conveyor section 3 has a fixed front-end connecting frame 2, while the lower layer allows the telescopic feed end 1 to slide. The two layers are completely isolated in space. When the telescopic feed end 1 retracts / extends, it only moves in the lower layer and will not touch the front-end connecting frame 2 in the upper layer. The front-end connecting frame 2 remains fixed and does not need to be adjusted due to the movement of the telescopic feed end 1. There is no movement interference between the two, ensuring stable guidance during slag discharge and smooth extension and retraction during cutter change, without the need to coordinate the positions of the two during connection. Second, the telescopic feed end 1 and the lower inner wall of the horizontal conveyor section 3 are precisely fitted to ensure that the trajectory of the telescopic feed end 1 is completely consistent each time it slides. That is, when it extends, it will always be aligned with the slag receiving hopper, and when it retracts, it will always be stored in the lower layer, without the need for manual positioning assistance. In addition, the front-end connecting frame 2 is rigidly fixed to the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section 3. Its angle and height are precisely calibrated relative to the slag receiving hopper and the telescopic feeding end 1 at the factory. It does not move during the blade replacement process and can still maintain precise docking with the slag receiving hopper and the telescopic feeding end 1. The slag can directly enter the conveying path through the guide without the need to readjust the angle or height.

[0025] Therefore, the main belt conveyor provided in this application can flexibly switch between the continuous conveying requirements for slag removal and the requirements for releasing the cutting tool space, without the need to recalibrate the conveying trajectory, achieving seamless connection between slag removal and cutting tool replacement, which can greatly improve the efficiency of tunnel excavation operations.

[0026] In the embodiments provided by this invention, the front-end connecting frame 2 includes a slag guiding mechanism 22, which is trumpet-shaped. The core functional component of the front-end connecting frame 2 is the slag guiding mechanism 22. This mechanism adopts a trumpet-shaped structural design, and its shape and function are highly adapted to the requirements of slag conveying in the main conveyor belt. The details will be explained from both structural and functional perspectives: In terms of structure, the horn-shaped slag guide mechanism 22, as a key component of the front-end connecting frame 2, has an overall horn shape with a wide inlet and a narrow outlet. The size of its inlet end matches the external slag source to ensure that it can fully receive the falling or transferred slag and prevent slag from overflowing at the inlet. The outlet end is precisely aligned with the middle section of the horizontal conveying section 3, and its size is adapted to the width of the slag carrying components such as belts in the horizontal conveying section 3, forming a gradually changing channel structure with a wide inlet and a narrow outlet. This design does not require additional auxiliary components and can achieve centralized guidance of slag simply by its own outline. The structure is indirect and the guiding path is determined, so there is no need for frequent adjustments.

[0027] In terms of function, firstly, the trumpet-shaped slag guide mechanism 22 can accurately receive slag and prevent initial leakage. During slag discharge, after the slag falls from the slag receiving hopper into the telescopic feed end 1, it needs to be further transferred to the front connecting frame 2. The wide inlet end of the trumpet-shaped guide mechanism can fully cover the slag output range of the telescopic feed end 1. Even if there is slight scattering or deviation of the slag during the transfer process, it can be received by the wide inlet structure of the inlet end, preventing the slag from falling from the gap between the front connecting frame 2 and the telescopic end, providing the first leakage barrier before the slag enters the horizontal conveying section 3. Secondly, after the slag enters the trumpet guide mechanism, it will gradually converge towards the outlet end of the mechanism along the wide-narrow gradient channel. Because the outlet end precisely connects to the middle of the horizontal conveyor section 3, the collected excavated soil can directly fall onto the load-bearing components such as the belt within the horizontal conveyor section 3. This prevents the excavated soil from falling due to deviation to the edge of the horizontal conveyor section 3, or from becoming unbalanced and deviating due to uneven distribution. This centralized guiding effect ensures the stable transmission trajectory of the excavated soil within the horizontal conveyor section 3, fundamentally reducing soil loss and conveying failures during the excavation process. Thirdly, during the tunnel boring machine's excavation process, the telescopic feed end 1 may slightly adjust its extension length due to the forward movement of the hopper. At this time, the relative position of the telescopic feed end 1 and the front connecting frame 2 will change slightly. However, the wide inlet end of the horn-shaped guide mechanism has a certain margin of error. Even if the telescopic feed end 1 deviates slightly, the output excavated soil can still be stably received by the inlet end. Simultaneously, the fixed contour of the horn shape ensures that the guiding path is not affected by dynamic working conditions, maintaining a guiding effect of converging towards the middle of the horizontal conveyor without manual intervention, ensuring the continuity of the excavation operation.

[0028] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, such as Figure 15 As shown, the front-end connecting frame 2 includes: a forward end tail mounting pin 23, which is located at the tail of the front-end connecting frame 2; and a mounting groove 32 is provided on the side of the horizontal conveying section 3, which is adapted to the mounting groove 32.

[0029] The stable connection and dynamic adaptation between the front-end connecting frame 2 and the horizontal conveying section 3 are achieved primarily through the precise fit between the front-end tail mounting pin and the mounting groove 32. Together, they form the foundation for the installation and movement of the front-end connecting frame 2. The specific structural relationships and functional adaptations are as follows: The composition and positional relationship of the connecting structure are as follows: the front end tail mounting pin 23 is a key connecting component of the front end connecting frame 2, specifically located at the tail of the front end connecting frame 2. It serves as the connection fulcrum for the docking of the front end connecting frame 2 and the horizontal conveying section 3. Its structural form and dimensions are precisely designed to ensure a tight fit with the mounting groove 32 of the horizontal conveying section 3. This ensures that the connection will not loosen or shift, while also meeting the movement requirements of the front end connecting frame 2. It is the core carrier for the installation, fixation, and dynamic adjustment of the front end connecting frame 2. Furthermore, the side of the horizontal conveying section 3 is specially equipped with a mounting groove 32. The groove size, depth, and internal contour of this mounting groove 32 match the front end tail mounting pin 23. The front end tail mounting pin can be directly embedded into the mounting groove 32, forming a pin-groove mating structure. This fit is not rigidly fixed; rather, while limiting the lateral position of the front end connecting frame 2, it reserves movement space in a specific direction, achieving a reliable connection between the front end connecting frame 2 and the horizontal conveying section 3, while avoiding structural jamming or damage caused by rigid connections.

[0030] Therefore, in the embodiments provided by the present invention, the cooperation between the mounting pin and the mounting groove 32 can effectively limit the lateral displacement and risk of detachment of the front-end connecting frame 2. During the slag discharge operation, even if the slag impacts the front-end connecting frame 2 (such as the impact force when the slag falls or the vibration transmission during belt conveying), the cooperation structure of the mounting pin and the mounting groove 32 can provide stable support for the front-end connecting frame 2, ensuring that it always remains in the installation position on the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section 3 without lateral displacement or loosening, thus laying a structural foundation for the slag guiding mechanism 22 to accurately receive and guide the slag.

[0031] The connection between the mounting pin and the mounting slot 32 is not a completely rigid fixed connection. The spatial design of the mounting slot 32 provides a margin for vertical floating at the rear of the forward end. In actual operation scenarios (such as slight collisions when the telescopic feed end 1 extends or retracts, vibrations generated by the tunnel boring machine during excavation, and minor adjustments to the attitude of the front connecting frame 2 caused by the impact of slag), the front connecting frame 2 can buffer external forces by floating vertically within the mounting slot 32 through the mounting pin 23 at the rear of the forward end. This prevents damage to the front connecting frame 2 or the horizontal conveying section 3 due to rigid force. At the same time, this floating characteristic also ensures that the connection between the front connecting frame 2 and the telescopic feed end 1 and the horizontal conveying section 3 is always smooth and without jamming, ensuring the continuity of the slag discharge process.

[0032] In addition, the fitting structure of the mounting pin 23 at the rear of the front end and the mounting groove 32 adopts an embedded design. During installation, it is only necessary to align the mounting pin at the rear of the front connecting frame 2 with the mounting groove 32 on the side of the horizontal conveying section 3 and embed it. There is no need for complicated bolt tightening or welding operations, which simplifies the assembly process of the front connecting frame 2. During subsequent maintenance, if it is necessary to disassemble or adjust the front connecting frame 2, it is only necessary to remove the mounting pin from the mounting groove 32 to separate the front connecting frame 2 from the horizontal conveying section 3. The operation is convenient and does not damage the main structure of both, reducing the difficulty and cost of maintenance.

[0033] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, such as Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the telescopic feed end 1 is provided with a first chamfer 13, which cooperates with the second chamfer 14 on the front connecting frame 2; the side of the telescopic feed end 1 is provided with a third chamfer 21, which cooperates with the inner side wall of the horizontal conveying section 3.

[0034] The telescopic feed end 1 uses two types of chamfered structures to precisely engage with the front connecting frame 2 and the horizontal conveying section 3, respectively. These two engagements work together to ensure the smoothness and stability of the telescopic feed end 1 during sliding. A more detailed explanation can be provided in conjunction with its structure and function: First, the first chamfer 13 on the telescopic feed end 1 corresponds to and is adapted to the second chamfer 14 on the front connecting frame 2. The chamfer angles and bevel lengths of the two are matched. When the telescopic feed end 1 slides along the horizontal conveying section 3, the bevels of the first chamfer 13 and the bevels of the second chamfer 14 can fit tightly together or maintain a uniform gap, forming a bevel-to-bevel guiding fit structure, rather than a rigid planar contact. This fit ensures that the telescopic feed end 1 and the front connecting frame 2 always maintain a preset positional association during relative movement, without misalignment or collision. During the extension or retraction of the telescopic feed end 1, the beveled surfaces of the first chamfer 13 and the second chamfer 14 guide their relative movement trajectory. When extending, the first chamfer 13 slides along the beveled surface of the second chamfer 14, ensuring that the telescopic feed end 1 can accurately align with the slag transfer channel of the front connecting frame 2, avoiding misalignment due to positional deviation. When retracting, the first chamfer 13 also smoothly separates along the beveled surface of the second chamfer 14, preventing rigid collision between the telescopic feed end 1 and the end of the front connecting frame 2, completely eliminating the risk of jamming, and ensuring continuous and smooth telescopic movement. In addition, during slag removal operations, when slag is transferred from the telescopic feed end 1 to the front connecting frame 2, it will generate a certain impact on the mating parts of the two. The beveled surfaces of the first chamfer 13 and the second chamfer 14 can disperse this impact force, and the impact load is evenly transmitted along the beveled surface, rather than concentrated at a certain point, avoiding wear and deformation of the chamfered structure of the telescopic feed end 1 or the front connecting frame 2 due to excessive local stress, thus extending the service life of the components.

[0035] Secondly, regarding the cooperation relationship and function between the third chamfer 21 and the inner wall of the horizontal conveying section 3, the third chamfer 21 provided on the side of the telescopic feed end 1 has a slope profile that matches the shape of the inner wall of the horizontal conveying section 3. The inner wall of the horizontal conveying section 3 has a straight structure. The slope of the third chamfer 21 maintains a small and uniform gap with the inner wall. When the telescopic feed end 1 slides along the horizontal conveying section 3, the slope of the third chamfer 21 is always parallel to or slightly attached to the inner wall, forming a slope-plane guiding cooperation structure that limits the sliding direction of the telescopic feed end 1.

[0036] The cooperation between the third chamfer 21 and the inner wall of the horizontal conveying section 3 provides lateral restraint for the telescopic feed end 1. During sliding, the inclined surface of the third chamfer 21 can slide against the inner wall, preventing the telescopic feed end 1 from shifting laterally due to vibration, soil impact, or other factors. This ensures that it always extends and retracts along the preset path of the horizontal conveying section 3 into the lower sliding channel, without deviating to other areas. This guarantees that the telescopic feed end 1 can accurately connect with the source of the soil when it extends and can be completely housed within the horizontal conveying section 3 when it retracts. In addition, if the side of the telescopic feed end 1 is a right-angle structure, it is easy to generate large sliding friction when it contacts the inner wall of the horizontal conveying section 3, increasing the driving load of the front telescopic cylinder 9. However, the inclined surface design of the third chamfer 21 can transform the rigid contact of the right angle and the plane into a flexible fit of the inclined surface and the plane, reducing the contact area and frictional resistance between the two. This makes the sliding of the telescopic feed end 1 smoother, reduces the energy consumption and wear of the front telescopic cylinder 9, and avoids sliding jamming caused by excessive friction.

[0037] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, such as Figure 16 As shown, the upper inner wall of the horizontal conveying section 3 is provided with a front arc-shaped protrusion 35.

[0038] The inner sidewall of the upper layer of the horizontal conveyor section 3 is specially provided with a front arc-shaped protrusion 35. As a key structural detail of the upper layer of the horizontal conveyor section 3, the position and shape of this protrusion are closely designed to meet the installation and movement requirements of the front connecting frame 2 on the upper layer of the horizontal conveyor section 3. This will be explained in detail from both structural and functional aspects: The front-end arc-shaped protrusion 35 is located on the inner wall of the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section 3, and is situated near the front end of the horizontal conveying section 3. It is an integral structure with the overall frame of the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section 3 (or is fixed by a rigid connection). Its shape is a smooth arc-shaped surface, rather than a right-angled, sharp, or flat protrusion. The radius of curvature of the arc is precisely designed so that it will not excessively protrude and affect the installation space of the front-end connecting frame 2, while ensuring a stable support relationship with the contact part of the front-end connecting frame 2. It is a functional protrusion structure specially designed on the inner wall of the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section 3 to accommodate the movement of the front-end connecting frame 2.

[0039] The core function of the front arc-shaped protrusion 35 is, firstly, to provide swing support for the front connecting frame 2 and maintain its stable posture. The front connecting frame 2 is installed on the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section 3. During the slag removal operation, it may swing up and down to a certain extent due to the impact of slag (such as the force of slag falling), the vibration of the tunnel boring machine, or slight contact with the telescopic feed end 1. At this time, the front arc-shaped protrusion 35 on the inner side wall of the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section 3 can serve as a support point for the front connecting frame 2 during its swing. When the front connecting frame 2 swings, its side or bottom will contact the curved surface of the arc-shaped protrusion. The curved surface can bear the force of the front connecting frame 2 through line contact, preventing the front connecting frame 2 from tilting or shaking excessively due to lack of support. This ensures that the front connecting frame 2 always maintains a precise docking posture with the telescopic feed end 1 and the middle of the horizontal conveying section 3, without affecting the slag guiding mechanism 22's receiving and guiding effect on the slag. Secondly, this structure enables line contact and avoids jamming of the front connecting frame 2. If the protrusion on the inner wall of the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section 3 is a right angle or a planar structure, the front connecting frame 2 is prone to surface contact (high frictional resistance) or point contact (concentrated force) with the protrusion when it swings, which will cause the swing to be obstructed and jamming. However, the smooth curved surface design of the front arc protrusion 35 can keep the front connecting frame 2 in line contact with the protrusion at all times. The contact area is small and the sliding frictional resistance is low. Moreover, the arc surface can adaptively adjust the contact position according to the swing trajectory of the front connecting frame 2. Even if there is a slight change in the swing amplitude of the front connecting frame 2, the curved surface can avoid the risk of jamming and stuck by fitting, ensuring the smooth movement of the front connecting frame 2 under dynamic working conditions and indirectly maintaining the continuity of the slag discharge process.

[0040] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, a semi-circular roller 16 is provided at the bottom of the telescopic feed end 1; the horizontal conveying section 3 includes a climbing triangle plate 34, which is detachably disposed inside the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3, and the climbing triangle plate 34 is adapted to the surface of the semi-circular roller 16.

[0041] The smooth cooperation between the telescopic feed end 1 and the horizontal conveying section 3 relies on the precise fit between the semi-circular roller 16 and the climbing triangle plate 34. Through shape matching and functional coordination, the two ensure that the sliding process of the telescopic feed end 1 in the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3 is interference-free and more stable. Specifically, the semi-circular roller 16 is located at the bottom of the telescopic feed end 1. Its surface is a smooth arc shape. It moves synchronously in the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3 with the extension and retraction of the telescopic feed end 1. It is the key component for the contact and rolling cooperation between the telescopic feed end 1 and the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3. Its arc curvature directly determines the fitting accuracy of the climbing triangle plate 34. The inclined triangular plate 34 of the horizontal conveying section 3 is a detachable structure, specially installed in the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3. It is in the shape of a triangular inclined surface. Its inclined surface angle and surface flatness are adapted to the height of the arc surface of the semi-circular roller 16. When the telescopic feed end 1 drives the semi-circular roller 16 to slide to the area of ​​the inclined triangular plate 34, the arc surface of the semi-circular roller 16 can be closely fitted with the inclined surface of the inclined triangular plate 34 to form a rolling fit relationship between the arc surface and the inclined surface. It will not cause jamming due to excessive gap, nor will it cause wear due to excessive compression. At the same time, the detachable design makes the inclined triangular plate 34 easy to maintain or replace, ensuring the fitting accuracy during long-term use.

[0042] Therefore, the core functions of the semi-circular roller 16 and the inclined triangular plate 34 are threefold: First, they guide the telescopic feed end 1 to rise smoothly, avoiding structural interference. When the telescopic feed end 1 slides backward along the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3, it is prone to collision and interference if it encounters a protruding structure in the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3 (such as the area below the front arc-shaped protrusion 35). The triangular inclined surface of the inclined triangular plate 34 can guide the semi-circular roller 16 to roll upward along the inclined surface, thereby driving the telescopic feed end 1 to rise smoothly as a whole. Because the arc surface of the semi-circular roller 16 is adapted to the inclined surface of the inclined triangular plate 34, the two fit tightly during rolling, and the force is evenly distributed. This can avoid vibration or jamming caused by sudden lifting of the telescopic feed end 1, ensuring that the telescopic feed end 1 can smoothly avoid the potential interference structure in the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3 and achieve complete retraction. Second, they reduce sliding friction and lower the load on the telescopic drive. If the bottom of the telescopic feed end 1 directly slides in contact with the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3, significant resistance will be generated due to sliding friction, increasing the load on the front telescopic cylinder 9. However, the cooperation between the semi-circular roller 16 and the inclined triangular plate 34 transforms sliding friction into rolling friction. When the semi-circular roller 16 rolls along the inclined surface of the inclined triangular plate 34, the frictional resistance is greatly reduced. This not only makes the sliding of the telescopic feed end 1 smoother, reducing the energy consumption and wear of the front telescopic cylinder 9, but also avoids component damage caused by excessive friction, extending the service life of the telescopic feed end 1 and the horizontal conveying section 3. Third, to ensure the continuity and stability of the telescopic movement, the compatibility between the arc surface of the semi-circular roller 16 and the inclined surface of the climbing triangle plate 34 ensures that the two fit together without gaps or jamming. Even if there are minor installation errors in the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3, or if the surface of the semi-circular roller 16 is slightly worn due to long-term use, the smooth arc surface and the inclined surface can still maintain a stable fit without affecting the rolling guidance effect. This stable fit ensures that the telescopic feed end 1 moves continuously and maintains a stable posture throughout the retraction process, and will not cause the telescopic movement to be interrupted due to fit problems, providing a reliable guarantee for the rapid release of the subsequent tool changing space.

[0043] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the telescopic feeding end 1 includes an arc-shaped beam 15, which is located at one end of the telescopic feeding end 1 near the inner side of the horizontal conveying section 3. The radius of curvature of the arc-shaped beam 15 matches the contour of the upper end of the lower track of the horizontal conveying section 3.

[0044] The arc-shaped beam 15 of the telescopic feed end 1 is a key structure to ensure its smooth sliding in the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3. Through precise shape design, it is adapted to the track of the horizontal conveying section 3. Structural features and functions: The arc-shaped beam 15 is located at one end of the telescopic feed end near the inner side of the horizontal conveying section 3. It is an important component of the telescopic feed end 1 and moves synchronously with the telescopic feed end 1. Its core structural feature is that the radius of curvature is precisely calculated and matches the contour height of the upper end of the lower track of the horizontal conveying section 3. This ensures that the two can form a close and stable fit when they come into contact. It will not cause excessive gap due to curvature deviation, nor will it cause squeezing and wear due to excessive fit, thus laying the mechanical foundation for sliding action.

[0045] The core function of the curved beam 15 is to optimize the sliding contact form and avoid jamming. Because the radius of curvature of the curved beam 15 matches the upper contour of the lower track of the horizontal conveying section 3, the curved beam 15 forms a line contact with the upper end of the track when the telescopic feed end 1 slides. Compared with the surface contact between the plane and the track, the line contact not only significantly reduces the sliding friction resistance, making the telescopic movement smoother, but also avoids jamming problems caused by minor track deformation, installation errors, or the accumulation of slag and debris, ensuring smooth movement of the telescopic feed end 1 throughout the entire process of extending to receive slag and retracting to receive it. The curved beam 15, through precise line contact with the track, effectively limits the lateral offset of the telescopic feed end 1, preventing it from swaying due to excessive sliding clearance. This ensures that the telescopic feed end 1 always moves along the preset path of the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section 3, guaranteeing precise docking with the front connecting frame 2 and the slag receiving hopper when extended, and smooth retraction into the horizontal conveying section 3 when retracted. Simultaneously, this line contact also avoids frictional wear caused by excessive clearance, balancing the dual requirements of anti-jamming and anti-swaying. When the telescopic feed end 1 is raised and slightly swayed due to the guidance of the climbing triangular plate 34, the curved structure of the curved beam 15 can adaptively adjust its contact position with the track. Dynamic adaptation through line contact avoids rigid collisions, and its reasonable curvature design ensures stable contact with the track even with slight changes in the posture of the telescopic feed end 1, guaranteeing the continuity of the telescopic movement and providing support for smooth switching between slag discharge and cutter changing conditions.

[0046] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, such as Figures 12 to 14 As shown, the main conveyor belt includes a conveyor belt 7; the telescopic feed end 1 includes a first roller 11 and a second roller 12, which are arranged on the internal frame of the telescopic feed end 1 and are arranged back and forth along the direction of slag conveying to support the lower surface of the conveyor belt 7; the horizontal conveying section 3 includes a third roller 31, which is installed in the inner area of ​​the horizontal conveying section 3 near the front end connecting frame 2 and is located below the conveyor belt 7 to support the conveyor belt 7 in the horizontal conveying section 3; the installation height of the first roller 11 and the second roller 12 is lower than the installation height of the third roller 31.

[0047] In the structural system of this main conveyor belt, the conveyor belt 7 serves as the core carrier for carrying and transferring slag. Its stable operation relies on the precise support of the first roller 11 and the second roller 12 of the telescopic feed end 1 and the third roller 31 of the horizontal conveying section 3. Furthermore, the three components are designed with specific height differences to further adapt to the working requirements of the conveyor belt 7. The specific structural coordination and functions are as follows: From the perspective of the roller installation, positioning, and support functions, the first roller 11 and the second roller 12 of the telescopic feed end 1 are both integrated into the internal frame of the telescopic feed end 1 and are arranged strictly in accordance with the direction of slag conveying—this arrangement can precisely align with the running path of the conveyor belt 7, ensuring the stability of both components. The rollers can jointly support the lower surface of the conveyor belt 7, preventing the conveyor belt 7 from sagging locally when it extends or retracts at the telescopic feed end 1 or carries slag. This provides a stable support foundation for the front end of the belt to receive slag. The third roller 31 of the horizontal conveying section 3 is specifically installed in the inner area of ​​the horizontal conveying section 3 near the front connecting frame 2, also located below the conveyor belt 7. Its function is to support the conveyor belt 7 in the horizontal conveying section 3. When slag is transferred from the telescopic feed end 1 to the horizontal conveying section 3, the third roller 31 can maintain the stable running posture of the belt in the horizontal conveying section 3 by supporting the lower surface of the belt, preventing the belt from deviating due to the weight of the slag or running inertia.

[0048] More importantly, the installation height of the first roller 11 and the second roller 12 is lower than that of the third roller 31. This height difference is not arbitrarily set, but is designed to perfectly match the dynamic operating requirements of the conveyor belt 7. When the telescopic feed end 1 extends to receive slag, the lower first roller 11 and the second roller 12 and the higher third roller 31 form a stepped support with a "lower front and higher back" shape, which guides the conveyor belt 7 to transition naturally and avoids severe bending of the belt between the two supports. When the telescopic feed end 1 retracts, due to the height difference, the conveyor belt 7 can fold naturally between the first roller 11, the second roller 12 and the third roller 31 without additional adjustment to maintain belt tension. This prevents the belt from slipping due to slack and avoids damage to the belt due to forced stretching. Structurally, this ensures the stability and durability of the conveyor belt 7 throughout the telescopic and conveying process.

[0049] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the main conveyor belt includes: a support wheel assembly 6, which contacts the bottom of the horizontal conveying section 3; an inclined conveying section 4, with a roller at the bottom end of the inclined conveying section 4, and the rear end of the horizontal conveying section 3 is rigidly connected to the front end of the inclined conveying section 4; the horizontal conveying section 3 includes a lifting point 33, which is located at the end of the horizontal conveying section 3.

[0050] The main conveyor belt, through the coordinated design of the horizontal conveying section 3, the inclined conveying section 4, and the support wheel assembly 6, constructs a stable support-conveyor frame. The core structural connections and functions revolve around rigid connections and multi-point support, as detailed below: The horizontal conveying section 3 and the inclined conveying section 4 are rigidly connected to form a continuous conveying body. The rear end of the horizontal conveying section 3 is directly rigidly connected to the front end of the inclined conveying section 4. This connection method is seamless and has no relative movement, ensuring that both maintain their posture when carrying excavated soil or subjected to tunneling vibrations. This avoids misalignment of the conveying path due to loose connection and provides a stable channel for the transition of excavated soil from horizontal to inclined conveying. At the same time, rollers are specially installed at the bottom end of the inclined conveying section 4. The rollers serve as the rear end support components of the inclined conveying section 4 and cooperate with the external mounting surface (such as the connecting bridge support frame) to form the end support point of the inclined conveying section 4. The horizontal conveying section 3 obtains support in the middle and front end through the contact between its bottom and the support wheel assembly 6, as well as the lifting point 33 at its end. The three together constitute the support system of the overall frame.

[0051] Among them, the lifting point 33 is used to limit the position of the front end of the horizontal conveying section 3. The lifting point 33 at the end of the horizontal conveying section 3 is the core of the front end support. By connecting with the external fixed structure (such as the main drive of the tunnel boring machine), the spatial position of the front end of the horizontal conveying section 3 can be precisely limited, preventing the front end of the horizontal conveying section 3 from shifting laterally or longitudinally during the tunnel boring machine's excavation process. This ensures the docking accuracy between the horizontal conveying section 3 and the front end receiving components (such as the telescopic feed end 1 and the front end connecting frame 2), and avoids leakage of slag due to front end offset.

[0052] The support wheel assembly 6 is in direct contact with the bottom of the horizontal conveying section 3 and mainly bears the weight load of the middle part of the horizontal conveying section 3, including the weight of the horizontal conveying section 3 itself, the internal conveying belt 7 and the weight of the slag. With the support of the support wheel assembly 6, the horizontal conveying section 3 can be prevented from bending or deforming downward due to the middle being suspended, ensuring that the horizontal conveying section 3 always maintains a horizontal posture, and providing structural protection for the smooth operation of the conveying belt 7 and the uniform transfer of slag.

[0053] The rollers at the bottom of the inclined conveyor section 4 provide stable support for the rear end of the inclined conveyor section 4, balance the downward pull generated by the inclined conveyor section 4 due to the inclination angle, and prevent cracking of the rigid connection between the inclined conveyor section 4 and the horizontal conveyor section 3 due to stress concentration. On the other hand, the rollers can also roll, reducing structural wear and extending the service life of components due to the rigid friction of the external structure of the tunnel boring machine.

[0054] In the embodiments provided by this invention, the horizontal conveying section 3, the inclined conveying section 4, the belt, the drive tensioning end 5, the tensioning cylinder 10, the support wheel assembly 6, and the lifting point 33 constitute the main conveying and support system of the main belt conveyor of the tunnel boring machine. The components form an organic whole through rigid connection and flexible cooperation, which not only undertakes the function of continuous conveying of excavated soil, but also ensures structural stability and adaptability to working conditions. The specific coordination is as follows: The inclined conveyor section 4 has an inclined rigid frame structure. Its inclination angle is adapted to the layout of the tunnel boring machine (it needs to connect to the horizontal trajectory of the horizontal conveyor section 3, taking into account the height requirements of other components). Its front end is rigidly connected to the horizontal conveyor section 3, and its rear end is close to the drive tensioning end 5. Rollers are installed at the bottom of the end near the drive tensioning end 5, allowing it to roll slightly with the main machine's belt conveyor. Simultaneously, space is reserved inside the frame for belt winding, ensuring seamless connection with the belt paths of the horizontal conveyor section 3 and the drive tensioning end 5, ensuring that the excavated soil can be conveyed upwards along the inclined trajectory. The core function of the inclined conveyor section 4 is to receive the excavated soil from the horizontal conveyor section 3 and, through its inclined structure, transport the lower part of the tunnel boring machine's main unit upwards to the height of other components, solving the conveying problem caused by the height difference between the horizontal conveyor section 3 and other components, thus forming a complete muck removal chain. The tail roller works in conjunction with the connecting bridge support frame to provide rear support for the entire belt conveyor. Together with the lifting point 33 and the support wheel assembly 6, it strengthens the stability of the three-point support. At the same time, the roller can roll flexibly to accommodate the slight displacement of the machine body during the tunnel boring machine's excavation process, and avoids stress concentration in the inclined conveyor section 4 due to rigid fixation.

[0055] The conveyor belt is a ring-shaped flexible conveyor belt made of wear-resistant rubber or reinforced conveyor belt (requiring resistance to soil friction and long-term operational wear). Its width is adapted to the frame width of the horizontal conveying section 3 and the inclined conveying section 4, and its length matches the overall path from the telescopic feed end 1 to the horizontal conveying section 3, the inclined conveying section 4, and the drive tensioning end 5. The winding path involves sequentially winding around the first roller 11 and the second roller 12 of the telescopic feed end 1, the third roller 31 of the horizontal conveying section 3, the guide roller of the inclined conveying section 4, and the drive roller of the drive tensioning end 5, forming a closed conveying loop. The core function of this structure is that, as the component directly carrying the excavated soil, it continuously transports the excavated soil from the cutterhead hopper through the telescopic feed end 1 and the front connecting frame 2 along the horizontal-inclined path to the drive tensioning end 5, and then to the conveying system after the connecting bridge. It is the core functional carrier for achieving continuous excavation by the tunnel boring machine. In addition, the belt has a certain degree of elasticity and flexibility, and can be expanded or folded synchronously with the extension and retraction of the telescopic feed end 1 (achieving autonomous folding and tensioning by relying on the height difference between the first roller 11, the second roller 12 and the third roller 31). At the same time, the tension can be adjusted under the action of the tensioning cylinder 10 to avoid slippage or slackness and ensure the conveying stability under different working conditions.

[0056] The overall shape of the drive tensioning end 5 is a box-type or frame-type rigid structure, located at the rear end of the inclined conveyor section 4. It is the core area for power output and tension adjustment of the belt conveyor. The drive tensioning end 5 has a built-in drive roller (connected to the motor to provide power for belt operation) and a tensioning roller (connected to the tensioning cylinder 10 to adjust belt tension). It also has belt guides and anti-deviation components (such as lateral guide rollers) to ensure that the belt runs along a fixed trajectory. The drive tensioning end 5 is rigidly connected to the rear end of the inclined conveyor section 4. Through the cooperation of the drive roller and the tensioning roller, a closed loop of belt operation is formed. The core function of the drive tensioning end 5 is to provide conveying power. The drive roller rotates under the drive of the motor, and through friction, it drives the belt to run continuously along the path of telescopic feed end 1—horizontal conveyor section 3—inclined conveyor section 4—drive tensioning end 5. It is the power source for the belt conveyor to transport excavated soil, and the power output intensity can be adapted to the amount of excavated soil generated by the tunnel boring machine. Another function of the drive tensioning end 5 is to control the belt track. This is mainly achieved by using built-in guide rollers, side guide plates and other components to limit the lateral deviation of the belt, prevent the belt from running off track due to long-term operation or impact of slag, and ensure that the slag is always transported in the middle of the belt, reducing the risk of falling.

[0057] The tensioning cylinder 10 is connected at both ends to the tensioning roller bracket and the main frame of the driving tensioning end 5, respectively, and is arranged horizontally or inclined (to fit the internal space of the driving tensioning end 5). It is a hydraulically driven component, and the piston rod can be controlled to extend and retract via a hydraulic system. Both the cylinder body and the piston rod are made of high-strength metal, possessing a certain load-bearing capacity to withstand the tension generated when the belt is tensioned. It is also equipped with hydraulic locks and other components to ensure stable positioning after extension and retraction, preventing belt tension changes due to pressure fluctuations. The function of the tensioning cylinder 10 is twofold: first, to adjust the belt tension. When the belt becomes loose due to long-term use (e.g., wear causing a slight increase in length) or when the tension needs to be adjusted due to changes in operating conditions (e.g., increased soil volume requiring increased friction to prevent slippage), the piston rod of the tensioning cylinder 10 extends, pushing the tensioning roller away from the driving roller, lengthening the belt and increasing the belt tension. Conversely, the piston rod retracts, reducing the tension, adapting to different operating requirements. Second, ensure stable belt operation by precisely controlling the tension to ensure that the friction between the belt and the drive roller is within a reasonable range. This avoids both insufficient tension causing belt slippage and interruption of transport, and excessive tension causing excessive stretching and damage to the belt or excessive load on the drive motor, thus extending the service life of the belt and drive components.

[0058] Lifting point 33, located at the front center of the horizontal conveyor section 3, is an integrated extension or rigidly welded component of the main frame of the horizontal conveyor section 3. It protrudes from the side of the horizontal conveyor section 3 closest to the main drive and is connected to the main drive of the tunnel boring machine via a pin. This is a detachable, slightly rotatable flexible connection (not rigidly fixed). The pin, the connection holes of lifting point 33 and the main drive are all treated with wear-resistant materials to ensure no excessive wear during long-term rotation. Furthermore, it uses high-strength steel of the same material as the horizontal conveyor section 3, and its structural dimensions must meet the requirements for bearing the weight of the front end of the horizontal conveyor section 3 to avoid deformation or breakage under stress. The function of lifting point 33 is, firstly, to form a stable support system. Lifting point 33, together with the support wheel assembly 6 and the tail roller of the inclined conveyor section 4, constitutes a three-point support for the main conveyor belt. Lifting point 33 bears the weight load of the front end of the horizontal conveyor section 3, balancing the force on the front end of the belt belt and preventing the horizontal conveyor section 3 from tilting downwards due to lack of support at the front end, ensuring a stable horizontally inclined conveying posture. Another function is to fix the front end position and ensure docking accuracy. Through the rigid connection with the main drive, the spatial position of the front end of the horizontal conveying section 3 is limited, preventing the front end of the horizontal conveying section 3 from shifting due to tunneling vibration or body displacement. This ensures that the telescopic feed end 1 can accurately dock with the cutterhead hopper after it extends, and that the front connecting frame 2 can stably support the excavated soil, avoiding leakage or jamming due to positional deviation. The last function is to buffer structural stress. The flexible characteristics of the pin connection allow for slight relative rotation between the horizontal conveying section 3 and the main drive, which can buffer the rigid impact and structural stress between the two, preventing cracking of the lifting point 33 or the main drive connection part due to long-term vibration, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0059] Therefore, the horizontal conveying section 3, the inclined conveying section 4, the conveyor belt 7, the drive tensioning end 5, the tensioning cylinder 10, the support wheel assembly 6, and the lifting point 33 constitute the main conveying and support system of the tunnel boring machine's main belt conveyor. These components are rigidly connected and flexibly coordinated to form an organic whole, undertaking both the continuous conveying of excavated soil and ensuring structural stability and adaptability to working conditions. Their specific functions are as follows: I. The coordinated operation of various components forms a complete muck removal capability encompassing muck receiving, horizontal transfer, inclined conveying, power drive, and tension assurance: The muck from the cutterhead receiving hopper is guided by the front connecting frame 2 and falls onto the belt of the horizontal conveying section 3. The drive roller of the tensioning end 5 drives the belt to rotate, transferring the muck backward along the horizontal conveying section 3, and then upward through the inclined conveying section 4 to the connecting bridge. During this process, the tensioning cylinder 10 adjusts the belt tension in real time to prevent slippage or slackness, ensuring no leakage or accumulation of muck. The rigid frame of the horizontal conveying section 3 and the inclined conveying section 4 provides a stable conveying trajectory for the tensioning belt. With the support of the lifting point 33 and the support wheel assembly 6, the frame deformation is prevented from causing belt deviation, fundamentally solving the problem of muck accumulation hindering tunneling and ensuring continuous advancement of the tunnel boring machine.

[0060] II. Providing stable support and balancing load and stress. Regarding load distribution, lifting point 33 bears part of the weight of the front end of the horizontal conveying section 3, the telescopic feed end 1, and the front connecting frame 2. The support wheel assembly 6 bears the main load of the middle part of the horizontal conveying section 3 and the excavated soil. The tail rollers of the inclined conveying section 4 distribute the weight at the rear end. The three components, through three-point support, evenly transfer the overall load to the main drive, the segment assembly machine beam, and the connecting bridge, avoiding cracking or deformation of local structures due to concentrated stress. Regarding stress buffering, the pin connection of lifting point 33 allows for slight rotation between the horizontal conveying section 3 and the main drive. The tail rollers of the inclined conveying section 4 can roll with the displacement of the tunnel boring machine. Both can buffer the rigid impact generated by tunnel excavation vibration or machine posture adjustment, reduce stress damage to the frame and surrounding equipment, and extend the overall service life.

[0061] III. Adapting to Slag Discharge and Tool Changing Switching for Improved Operational Efficiency. In slag discharge mode, the telescopic feed end 1 at the lower layer of the horizontal conveyor section 3 extends and connects with the slag receiving hopper. The drive tensioning end 5 drives the conveyor belt 7, the tensioning cylinder 10 maintains tension, and the support wheel assembly 6 and lifting point 33 ensure frame stability. The inclined conveyor section 4 achieves a height transition, and all components work together to complete continuous slag discharge. When the telescopic feed end 1 retracts to the lower layer of the horizontal conveyor section 3, the main frame of the horizontal conveyor section 3, inclined conveyor section 4, and drive tensioning end 5 remains stationary, maintained only by the lifting point 33 and support wheel assembly 6. The conveyor belt 7 autonomously folds and tensions based on the height difference between the third roller 31 of the horizontal conveyor section 3 and the first roller 11 and second roller 12 of the telescopic feed end 1, requiring no additional adjustment. After tool changing, the telescopic feed end 1 extends to quickly resume slag discharge without moving the entire frame, significantly shortening the switching time and improving the operational efficiency of the tunnel boring machine.

[0062] In addition, the ventilation duct 8 is also a component of the main conveyor belt. Its main function is to provide ventilation for the tunnel boring machine's operating environment. Specifically, during the tunnel boring machine's excavation process, the cutterhead generates a large amount of dust when cutting rock. The ventilation duct 8 can introduce fresh air from outside into the operating areas of the main drive, segment assembly machine, and main conveyor belt, while simultaneously expelling dusty and polluted air, ensuring the respiratory health of personnel changing cutters and maintaining equipment, and reducing the harm of dust to the human body. Components such as the drive tensioning end 5 and the front telescopic cylinder 9 of the main conveyor belt generate heat during long-term operation, especially in the enclosed space of the main drive, where heat easily accumulates. The ventilation duct 8 can remove the heat generated by the operation of these components through gas circulation, preventing excessively high local temperatures that could lead to equipment performance degradation or malfunction, and extending the service life of the core components of the conveyor belt. In addition, the space of a tunnel boring machine is already small, and the front support of the main conveyor belt in the traditional solution will also take up space. Although the new solution optimizes the space layout, the ventilation duct 8 can provide targeted ventilation for this confined space, solve the problem of poor space circulation caused by the small space, and create a safer and more comfortable environment for cutter replacement and equipment maintenance.

[0063] In an embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel boring machine includes the aforementioned main conveyor belt. This tunnel boring machine possesses the beneficial effects of the main conveyor belt described in the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0064] The embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0065] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A main belt conveyor, characterized in that, include: The horizontal conveying section (3) is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer; Front-end connecting frame (2), the front-end connecting frame (2) is installed on the upper layer of the horizontal conveying section (3), the front-end connecting frame (2) is used to guide the slag to the middle of the horizontal conveying section (3); Telescopic feed end (1), the telescopic feed end (1) cooperates with the front end connecting frame (2) and slides with the lower inner wall of the horizontal conveying section (3); The front telescopic cylinder (9) is connected to the telescopic feed end (1) by its telescopic end. The front telescopic cylinder (9) is fixed on the side wall of the horizontal conveying section (3).

2. The main belt conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front-end connecting frame (2) includes a slag guide mechanism (22), which is trumpet-shaped.

3. The main belt conveyor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front end connecting frame (2) includes: a front end tail mounting pin (23), which is located at the tail of the front end connecting frame (2); The side of the horizontal conveying section (3) is provided with a mounting groove (32), and the mounting pin (23) at the front end is adapted to the mounting groove (32).

4. The main belt conveyor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The telescopic feed end (1) is provided with a first chamfer (13), which cooperates with the second chamfer (14) on the front end connecting frame (2); The side of the telescopic feed end (1) is provided with a third chamfer (21), which is in conjunction with the inner wall of the horizontal conveying section (3).

5. The main belt conveyor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper inner wall of the horizontal conveying section (3) is provided with a front arc-shaped protrusion (35).

6. The main belt conveyor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the telescopic feed end (1) is provided with a semi-circular roller (16). The horizontal conveying section (3) includes a climbing triangle plate (34), which is detachably located inside the lower layer of the horizontal conveying section (3) and is adapted to the surface of the semi-circular roller (16).

7. The main belt conveyor according to claim 6, characterized in that, The telescopic feed end (1) includes an arc beam (15), which is located at one end of the telescopic feed end (1) near the inner side of the horizontal conveying section (3). The radius of curvature of the arc beam (15) matches the contour of the upper end of the lower track of the horizontal conveying section (3).

8. The main belt conveyor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The main belt conveyor includes a conveyor belt (7); The telescopic feed end (1) includes a first roller (11) and a second roller (12), which are arranged on the internal frame of the telescopic feed end (1) and arranged back and forth along the direction of slag conveying to support the lower surface of the conveyor belt (7). The horizontal conveying section (3) includes a third roller (31), which is installed in the inner area of ​​the horizontal conveying section (3) near the front connecting frame (2) and located below the conveyor belt (7) to support the conveyor belt (7) in the horizontal conveying section (3). The installation height of the first roller (11) and the second roller (12) is lower than the installation height of the third roller (31).

9. The main belt conveyor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The main conveyor belt includes: a support wheel assembly (6), which contacts the bottom of the horizontal conveyor section (3); Inclined conveying section (4), with rollers at the bottom of the end of the inclined conveying section (4), and the rear end of the horizontal conveying section (3) is rigidly connected to the front end of the inclined conveying section (4); The horizontal conveying section (3) includes a lifting point (33) located at the end of the horizontal conveying section (3).

10. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, Includes the main belt conveyor as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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