Intelligent composite damping system and method for self-sensing stepless rigidity regulation and control

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent composite damping system and method for self-sensing stepless rigidity regulation and control. The intelligent composite damping system comprises an intelligent monitoring system, a damping system, a limiting guiding system and a bearing system. The intelligent monitoring system comprises data acquisition, analysis, air pressure control and rigidity regulation and control modules, and can monitor the pressure in the air pressure bag in real time and regulate the volume of the air pressure bag; the damping system comprises a viscoelastic damper and a metal yield type damper which are nested inside and outside, the stroke of the viscoelastic damper is limited through the volume change of an air pressure bag, and the partial or complete action of the metal yield type damper is achieved. The limiting guide system guarantees the movement stability of components, and the bearing system provides structural support. According to the intelligent composite damper, the rigidity can be steplessly regulated and controlled according to different working conditions such as wind loads and earthquake loads, the advantages of the two dampers are fully played, the energy dissipation capacity and the structural stability are improved, and the intelligent composite damper is suitable for civil engineering structure energy dissipation and shock absorption scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy dissipation and vibration reduction technology of civil engineering structures, and more specifically, relates to an intelligent composite damping system and method with self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, dampers are increasingly used in energy dissipation and vibration reduction of engineering structures. Their main principle is that the relative motion between components converts kinetic energy into heat or other forms of energy, which is then dissipated. This dissipates wind load or seismic load energy, slows down the vibration response of the structure, and prevents structural damage.

[0003] Existing dampers include viscous dampers, viscoelastic dampers, metallic yield dampers, and friction dampers. In damper design, the external conditions typically include wind loads and seismic loads, which are not considered simultaneously during design. A single damper usually contains only one type of damper, making it difficult to consistently leverage the advantages of that type under various external conditions. Alternatively, different types or models of dampers may need to be deployed on bridges for different load conditions. This increases overall cost and creates difficulties for construction and design.

[0004] Existing dampers typically use a single type of damper, which cannot well adapt to the complex working conditions required in actual application scenarios. The following technical problems still exist: (1) The stiffness characteristics of single or simple combination dampers are fixed, and they cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the different requirements of wind load (small displacement, high frequency) and seismic load (large displacement, low frequency). This results in insufficient or excessive stiffness / energy dissipation under small loads, and insufficient stiffness or damper failure under large loads. It is impossible to achieve optimal energy dissipation efficiency and deformation control under various working conditions. (2) Existing technologies lack intelligent control capabilities based on real-time monitoring data, and cannot achieve stepless, continuous, and adaptive adjustment of the overall stiffness of the damper. In particular, it is impossible to smoothly transition and accurately match the optimal stiffness during load changes, which limits its stable and efficient performance under complex and variable loads. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent composite damping system and method with self-sensing, stepless stiffness adjustment. It comprises nested metal yield-type dampers and viscoelastic dampers, and is controlled by an intelligent monitoring system. When the data analysis module identifies that the pressure inside the airbag is within a set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the airbag volume to the limit volume of the viscoelastic damper. Based on real-time monitored airbag pressure data, the airbag volume is adjusted to limit the stroke of the viscoelastic damper, allowing the stiffer metal yield-type damper to partially function, thus achieving stepless stiffness adjustment of the damper. When the data analysis module identifies that the pressure inside the airbag exceeds the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the airbag volume to push the airbag upwards until the viscoelastic damper reaches its maximum design stroke, at which point the metal yield-type damper functions fully, and the damper stiffness reaches its maximum. In addition, the present invention can fully utilize the characteristics of high energy consumption and energy consumption rate and displacement of viscoelastic dampers when the external force is small or under wind load, and partially utilize the characteristics of high stiffness and stable performance of metal yield dampers. Under the action of large external force or seismic load, the characteristics of high stiffness and stable performance of metal yield dampers can be utilized to reduce structural deformation and displacement under seismic conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing, infinitely adjustable stiffness, comprising: The damping unit includes a viscoelastic damper and a metal yielding damper nested inside and outside. The metal yielding damper is located between the first inner cylinder and the second inner cylinder, and the viscoelastic damper is located between the second inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. A limiting guide unit for limiting the maximum displacement of metal yield type dampers and viscoelastic dampers includes a limiting device, a slot, a fixing ring and a guide sleeve. The limiting device is located on the outside of the first inner cylinder, the slot is located on the inside of the second inner cylinder, the fixing ring is located on the inside of the bottom of the outer cylinder, and the guide sleeve is located between the first inner cylinder and the first upper cylinder cover. The bearing unit includes a first inner cylinder, a second inner cylinder, and an outer cylinder arranged in a nested manner. It also includes an intelligent monitoring unit, comprising a data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a pressure control module, and a stiffness regulation module, used to monitor the pressure inside the airbag in real time and adjust its volume to achieve stepless regulation of the damper stiffness.

[0007] Furthermore, the viscoelastic damper includes an outer steel plate, an inner steel plate, and a viscoelastic layer disposed between the two. The inner steel plate is welded to the outside of the second inner cylinder, and the outer steel plate is welded to the inside of the outer cylinder; The inner steel plate and the outer steel plates on both sides undergo relative displacement along the Z-axis to achieve planar shear deformation of the viscoelastic layer between the inner and outer steel plates.

[0008] Furthermore, the metal yielding damper includes a second inner cylinder, a first inner cylinder, and a metal energy-consuming component; The metal energy-consuming component is fan-shaped with a fan angle of less than 45°, and is evenly distributed along the Z-axis direction, and is uniformly arranged around the outer side of the first inner cylinder on the XY-axis plane.

[0009] Furthermore, the smaller, central end of the metal energy-consuming component is welded to the outside of the first inner cylinder, and the connection between the component and the outside of the first inner cylinder is reinforced by welding metal strips from top to bottom. The larger end, farther from the center, is fixed by a steel slot welded to the inside of the second inner cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, the airbag contains a pressure sensor and an air pressure tube at the bottom, and the bottom of the airbag is internally fixed to the bottom of the outer cylinder.

[0011] The bearing unit also includes a first upper cylinder head, a second upper cylinder head, and a gasket.

[0012] Furthermore, the connection between the airbag and the pad is made of a high-strength strap system to ensure a reliable connection between the two. The strap is made of polyester, aramid, or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) braided tape.

[0013] Furthermore, the guide sleeve is located between the first inner cylinder and the first upper cylinder cover to prevent the metal energy-consuming component from rotating out and to ensure that the first inner cylinder only moves along the Z-axis.

[0014] Furthermore, the metal energy-consuming component and the first inner cylinder are replaceable. When replacing them, the first upper cylinder cover is disassembled and the first inner cylinder is rotated 45° to pull the first inner cylinder and the metal energy-consuming component out of the damper.

[0015] A method for self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness, employing the intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness, includes: S100: The pressure sensor monitors the pressure data inside the airbag in real time and transmits it to the data analysis module via the data acquisition unit; S200: The data analysis module identifies external operating conditions based on pressure data, determines whether the pressure value is within the set reasonable standard, records the pressure value, peak value and trend of change, and feeds back the pressure adjustment signal to the air pressure control module; S300: When the pressure inside the air bladder is within the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module receives a signal and adjusts the volume of the air bladder to the limit volume of the viscoelastic damper, limiting the stroke of the viscoelastic damper; at this time, the relative displacement between the second inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is constrained by the air bladder and the pad, and the metal yielding damper partially works because part of the stroke is activated, and the damper stiffness changes steplessly with the continuous adjustment of the air bladder volume; S400: As the external load changes continuously, the pressure inside the air bladder changes continuously. The data analysis module provides real-time feedback adjustment signals, and the air pressure control module continuously adjusts the volume of the air bladder through the air pump, so that the stroke of the viscoelastic damper is continuously restricted or released. The participation of the metal yielding damper changes continuously accordingly, ultimately achieving stepless control of the damper stiffness.

[0016] Furthermore, the damper stiffness adjustment range is: When the pressure inside the airbag is within the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the volume of the airbag to limit the stroke of the viscoelastic damper, so that the metal yielding damper partially works, thereby achieving stepless adjustment of the damper stiffness. When the pressure inside the airbag exceeds the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the volume of the airbag to push it upward until the viscoelastic damper reaches its maximum design stroke. The metal yielding damper then plays its full role, and the damper stiffness reaches its maximum.

[0017] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention provides an intelligent composite damper, which can be realized by an intelligent monitoring system: when the external force is small or under wind load, the velocity-type energy dissipation characteristics of the viscoelastic damper are fully utilized; when the external force is large or under seismic load, the displacement-type energy dissipation characteristics of the metal energy dissipator are fully utilized, meeting the requirements of high stiffness and stable performance, so as to reduce structural deformation and displacement under seismic conditions and achieve greater energy dissipation capacity under seismic action.

[0018] 2. The intelligent composite damper of the present invention can be implemented by an intelligent monitoring system: when the data analysis module identifies that the pressure inside the airbag is within a set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the volume of the airbag to the limit volume of the viscoelastic damper, and adjusts the airbag volume to limit the stroke of the viscoelastic damper based on the real-time monitored pressure data inside the airbag, allowing the high-stiffness metal yield-type damper to play a partial role, thereby achieving stepless adjustment of the damper stiffness. When the data analysis module identifies that the pressure inside the airbag exceeds the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the volume of the airbag to push the airbag upward until the viscoelastic damper reaches its maximum design stroke, the metal yield-type damper plays its full role, and the damper stiffness reaches its maximum.

[0019] 3. The present invention provides an intelligent composite damper in which the air bladder can change the type of damper to adapt to complex and variable load conditions. It can automatically adjust the internal pressure of the air bladder by recognizing the magnitude of the input force, thereby realizing dynamic intelligent control of the output damping force.

[0020] 4. The intelligent composite damper of the present invention enables convenient replacement of the metal energy-consuming components and the first inner cylinder, thereby improving the overall service life of the damper and saving costs. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cycle of an intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of an intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of section AA in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the second inner cylinder and outer cylinder of the viscoelastic damper and the steel plates welded to the cylinder walls of both, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the viscoelastic damper elastic layer embedded in the corresponding steel plate gap according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a metal yielding damper according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the stiffness control module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the guide sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the stepless stiffness control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1-first upper cylinder head, 2-second upper cylinder head, 3-connector, 4-first inner cylinder, 5-limiting device, 6-metal energy-consuming component, 7-viscoelastic damper, 71-outer steel plate, 72-inner steel plate, 73-viscoelastic layer, 8-second inner cylinder, 9-outer cylinder, 11-pad plate, 12-air pressure bladder, 13-fixing ring, 14-air pressure pipe, 15-pressure sensor, 16-slot, 17-belt, 18-ear plate, 19-guide sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0025] like Figure 1-9 As shown, this invention provides an intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing stepless stiffness adjustment, comprising an intelligent monitoring system, a damping system, a limiting and guiding system, and a load-bearing system. The intelligent monitoring system includes a data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a pressure control module, and a stiffness adjustment module; the damping system includes a viscoelastic damper 7 and a metal yield damper; the limiting and guiding system includes a limiting device 5, a fixing ring 13, a slot 16, and a guide sleeve 19; the load-bearing system includes a first upper cylinder cover 1, a second upper cylinder cover 2, a first inner cylinder 4, a second inner cylinder 8, and an outer cylinder 9. This invention, through its intelligent monitoring system, can fully utilize the high energy dissipation and energy dissipation rate-displacement characteristics of the viscoelastic damper 7, and partially utilize the high stiffness and stable performance characteristics of the metal yield damper, under low external forces or wind loads. Under high external forces or seismic loads, it can utilize the high stiffness and stable performance characteristics of the metal yield damper, thereby reducing structural deformation and displacement under seismic conditions and achieving greater energy dissipation capacity under seismic action.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the intelligent monitoring system includes a data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a pressure control module, and a stiffness regulation module. The data acquisition module includes a pressure sensor 15 component installed inside the airbag 12 for real-time monitoring of the pressure inside the airbag 12, and an external data acquisition instrument connected to the pressure sensor 15. The data analysis module includes a data analyzer, used to analyze the external operating conditions of the damper in real time based on the acquired pressure data inside the airbag, and to identify its external operating conditions according to set reasonable standards through data processing and analysis functions. It records the pressure value and peak pressure inside the airbag in real time, analyzes the pressure value changes in real time, and feeds back the pressure adjustment signal to the pressure control module. The pressure control module includes an external air pump, which receives the pressure regulation signal to complete the volume adjustment of the airbag. The stiffness regulation module includes the airbag 12, and the volume adjustment of the airbag 12 allows for stepless variation of the damper stiffness. During operation, when the data analysis module identifies that the internal pressure of the airbag 12 is within the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the volume of the airbag 12 to the limit volume of the viscoelastic damper 7. When the second inner cylinder 8 and the outer cylinder 9 generate relative displacement in the negative Z-axis direction, the displacement of the second inner cylinder 8 is limited by the pad 11 and the airbag 12. Based on the real-time monitored internal pressure data of the airbag 12, the air pressure control module adjusts the volume of the airbag 12 to limit the stroke of the viscoelastic damper 7, allowing the high-stiffness metal yield-type damper to play a partial role, thereby achieving stepless adjustment of the damper stiffness. When the data analysis module identifies that the internal pressure of the airbag 12 exceeds the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the volume of the airbag 12 to push the airbag 12 upward to the maximum design stroke of the viscoelastic damper 7, where the metal yield-type damper plays its full role, and the damper stiffness reaches its maximum.

[0027] like Figure 8As shown, the stiffness control module includes an air bladder 12, a pad 11, an air pressure pipe 14, a pressure sensor 15, a strap 17, and an ear plate 18. The air bladder 12 contains the pressure sensor 15 and has an air pressure pipe 14 at its bottom. The limit on the bottom of the second inner cylinder 8 can be adjusted by inputting or outputting gas. The pad 11 distributes the force between the two. The upper part of the pad 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second inner cylinder 8, and the upper part of the air bladder 12 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the pad 11. The bottom of the air bladder 12 is internally fixed to the bottom of the outer cylinder 9. The connection between the air bladder 12 and the pad 11 uses a high-strength strap 17 system to ensure a reliable connection. The strap 17 is made of polyester, aramid, or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) braided tape. The edge of the pad 11 is grooved. The pad 11 is made of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene board with embedded stainless steel threaded sleeves. The bottom of the second inner cylinder 8 is connected to the upper part of the pad 11 using high-strength bolts. An ear plate 18 is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the outer cylinder 9. A high-strength strap 17 passes through the grooves on the ear plate 18 and the pad 11 at the bottom of the outer cylinder 9, fixing the airbag 12 to the inner side of the bottom of the outer cylinder 9. The airbag 12 is limited and laterally restrained by the fixing ring 13 on the inner side of the bottom of the outer cylinder 9. The bottom of the airbag 12 has an air pressure pipe 14 connecting to the outside. The airbag 12 adopts a multi-layer design, with a base material of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), a reinforcing layer material of aramid (such as Twaron®), and a protective layer of CR+ anti-UV coating. The airbag 12 of this invention can change the damper type to adapt to complex and variable load conditions. It can automatically adjust the internal pressure of the airbag by recognizing the magnitude of the input force, realizing dynamic intelligent control of the output damping force.

[0028] like Figure 5-6As shown, the damping system includes a viscoelastic damper 7 and a metal yield damper. The viscoelastic damper 7 has a rectangular cross-section and consists of three steel plates and two viscoelastic layers 73. The outermost two steel plates 71 are the outermost, and the center is an inner steel plate 72. The inner steel plate 72 is welded to the outside of the second inner cylinder 8, and the two outer steel plates 71 are welded to the inside of the outer cylinder 9. A viscoelastic layer 73 of a certain thickness is provided between the steel plates. The viscoelastic layer 73 does not exceed the range of the two steel plates in the plane dimension perpendicular to the thickness direction, and each viscoelastic layer 73 is fixed to the two steel plates. The inner steel plate 72 can generate relative displacement movement with the two outer steel plates 71 along the Z-axis direction to realize the planar shear deformation of the viscoelastic layer 73 between the inner and outer steel plates. The air pressure bladder 12, which is connected to the pad plate 11 via the strap 17, serves as a limiting measure to restrict the maximum displacement of the viscoelastic damper 7 within the design displacement range. When the external force is small and the pressure in the air bladder 12 is low, the volume of gas output to the air bladder 12 reaches the design limit volume of the viscoelastic damper 7. At this time, when the second inner cylinder 8 connected to the viscoelastic damper 7 moves to the bottom of the outer cylinder 9, it is restricted by the pad 11 and the air bladder 12, preventing the viscoelastic layer 73 from deforming beyond the design range and improving its durability. When the second inner cylinder 8 connected to the viscoelastic damper 7 moves upward to the outer cylinder 9, or when the external force is large and the pressure in the air bladder 12 is large, the volume of gas input to the air bladder 12 lifts the second inner cylinder 8 connected to the viscoelastic damper 7 upward, and the maximum relative distance of movement does not exceed the design maximum stroke.

[0029] like Figure 7As shown, the metal yield damper includes a second inner cylinder 8, a first inner cylinder 4 inside the second inner cylinder 8, and a metal energy-dissipating component 6 fixed between the two. The metal energy-dissipating component 6 is fan-shaped with a fan angle slightly less than 45°, evenly distributed along the Z-axis, and uniformly arranged around the outside of the first inner cylinder 4 on the XY-axis plane. The annular area between the first inner cylinder 4 and the second inner cylinder 8 is divided into 8 equal parts on the XY-axis plane, with the fan-shaped metal energy-dissipating component 6 located in 4 of these parts. A blank area is left between each of the metal energy-dissipating components 6, and this blank area has no retaining groove 16 to facilitate the installation and replacement of the metal energy-dissipating component 6. The smaller, central end of the fan-shaped metal energy-dissipating component 6 is welded to the outside of the first inner cylinder 4, and the connection point is reinforced by welding metal strips vertically. The larger, farthest end of the fan-shaped metal energy-dissipating component 6 is fixed by a steel retaining groove 16 welded to the inside of the second inner cylinder 8. The depth of the slot 16 is designed to prevent the metal energy dissipation component 6 from dislodging during an earthquake. The width of the slot 16 is slightly larger than the thickness of the metal energy dissipation component 6, and the yield energy dissipation zone is far from the slot 16, preventing the metal energy dissipation component 6 near the slot 16 from deforming and affecting subsequent replacement. The metal energy dissipation component 6 can dissipate energy by using the cross-sectional area in the middle section as a shear yield zone and achieving shear deformation. Since the first inner cylinder 4 and the metal energy dissipation component 6 are easily damaged and have low cost during earthquakes, the first inner cylinder 4 and the fan-shaped metal energy dissipation component 6 are designed to be replaceable. After an earthquake, data from the intelligent monitoring system determines whether the first inner cylinder 4 and the metal energy dissipation component 6 need to be replaced. During replacement, the first upper cylinder cover 1 is disassembled and the first inner cylinder 4 is rotated approximately 45° to pull the first inner cylinder 4 and the metal energy dissipation component 6 outward from the damper. The metal energy dissipation component 6 can be made of low-yield-point soft steel or shape memory alloy. When the metal yield damper is in operation, the first inner cylinder 4 and the second inner cylinder 8 generate relative movement in the Z-axis direction. The distance between the first inner cylinder 4 and the lower pad 11 is the maximum design stroke of the metal yielding damper. The limiting device 5 is fixed to the outside of the first inner cylinder 4 and the lower side of the first upper cylinder cover 1, with a sufficiently thick high-strength rubber pad between it and the limited component as a buffer. The distance from the first upper cylinder cover 1 on the Z-axis is the maximum design stroke of the metal yielding damper. This invention allows for convenient replacement of the metal energy-consuming component 6 and the first inner cylinder 4, improves the overall service life of the damper, and saves costs.

[0030] like Figure 4 and Figure 9As shown, the limiting and guiding system includes a limiting device 5, a fixing ring 13, a slot 16, and a guide sleeve 19. The guide sleeve 19 is located between the first upper cylinder cover 1 and the first inner cylinder 4, allowing the first inner cylinder 4 to translate only along the Z-axis without rotating, preventing the metal energy-consuming component 6 from rotating out of the slot 16. The intersection of the first inner cylinder 4 and the guide sleeve 19 has a double-flat section. The range of the double-flat section along the negative Z-axis is the maximum design stroke of the metal yielding damper, extending to the top of the first inner cylinder 4 along the positive Z-axis. The inner hole of the guide sleeve 19 is a polygon matching the first inner cylinder 4, with a gap of 0.05–0.10 mm. A sliding liner is located between the guide sleeve 19 and the first inner cylinder 4. The sliding liner is SF-1 (steel backing + copper powder + PTFE) or Igus J260. A sealing ring is located at the upper end of the guide sleeve 19 to prevent mud and sand from entering and to protect the sliding surface. The guide sleeve 19 itself is welded or bolted to the inside of the first inner cylinder 4. During installation, firstly, the first inner cylinder 4 and the metal energy-consuming component 6 are rotated into place. Next, the guide sleeve 19 is connected to the first upper cylinder cover 1. Then, the guide sleeve 19 and the first upper cylinder cover 1 are installed from top to bottom at the connecting piece 3 of the first inner cylinder 4. Finally, the first upper cylinder cover 1 is connected to the first inner cylinder 4. During installation, magnets are installed at both ends of the first layer of slots in the positive Z-axis direction to temporarily fix the metal energy-consuming component 6. For removal and replacement, the installation sequence is reversed. The guide sleeve 19 in this invention allows the first inner cylinder 4 to move only horizontally without rotating, preventing the metal energy-consuming component 6 from rotating out of the slot 16, ensuring the reliability of the metal yield damping function, providing motion guidance, reducing friction, and protecting the internal sliding surface through a sealing ring.

[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the load-bearing system includes a first upper cylinder head 1, a second upper cylinder head 2, a first inner cylinder 4, a second inner cylinder 8, and an outer cylinder 9. The bottom of the first inner cylinder 4 is a certain distance above the bottom of the second inner cylinder 8. The upper part of the pad 11 is connected to the bottom of the second inner cylinder 8, and the lower part of the pad 11 is connected to and fixed to the air pressure bladder 12. When the first inner cylinder 4 undergoes downward relative displacement with respect to the second inner cylinder 8, the pad 11 and the air pressure bladder 12 provide a limiting function. When the first inner cylinder 4 undergoes upward relative displacement with respect to the second inner cylinder 8, the limiting device welded to the lower side of the upper cylinder head on the outer side of the first inner cylinder 4 provides a limiting function, preventing deformation beyond the design range and improving its durability.

[0032] like Figure 10 As shown, in another embodiment of the present invention, a method for self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness is provided. The method, employing the intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness, includes the following steps: S100: Pressure sensor 15 monitors the pressure data inside airbag 12 in real time and transmits it to data analysis module via data acquisition unit; S200: The data analysis module identifies external operating conditions based on pressure data, determines whether the pressure value is within the set reasonable standard, records the pressure value, peak value and trend of change, and feeds back the pressure adjustment signal to the air pressure control module; S300: When the pressure inside the airbag 12 is within the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module receives a signal and adjusts the volume of the airbag 12 to the limit volume of the viscoelastic damper 7, thus limiting the stroke of the viscoelastic damper 7. At this time, the relative displacement between the second inner cylinder 8 and the outer cylinder 9 is constrained by the airbag 12 and the pad 11. The metal yielding damper is partially activated due to the partial stroke being enabled, and the damper stiffness changes steplessly with the continuous adjustment of the airbag volume. S400: As the external load changes continuously, the pressure inside the air bladder 12 changes continuously. The data analysis module provides real-time feedback adjustment signals, and the air pressure control module continuously adjusts the volume of the air bladder through the air pump, so that the stroke of the viscoelastic damper 7 is continuously restricted or released. The participation of the metal yielding damper changes continuously accordingly, ultimately achieving stepless control of the damper stiffness.

[0033] In step S300, when the pressure inside the airbag 12 exceeds the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the volume of the airbag 12 to increase, causing it to lift the second inner cylinder 8 upward until the viscoelastic damper 7 reaches its maximum design stroke; at this time, the metal yielding damper fully participates in the work, and the damper stiffness reaches its maximum value.

[0034] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart composite damping system with self-sensing, infinitely adjustable stiffness, characterized in that, include: The damping unit includes an inner and outer nested viscoelastic damper (7) and a metal yield type damper. The metal yield type damper is located between the first inner cylinder (4) and the second inner cylinder (8), and the viscoelastic damper (7) is located between the second inner cylinder (8) and the outer cylinder (9). The limiting guide unit used to limit the maximum displacement of metal yield type dampers and viscoelastic dampers includes a limiting device (5), a slot (16), a fixing ring (13) and a guide sleeve (19). The limiting device (5) is located on the outside of the first inner cylinder (4), the slot (16) is located on the inside of the second inner cylinder (8), the fixing ring (13) is located on the inside of the bottom of the outer cylinder (9), and the guide sleeve (19) is located between the first inner cylinder (4) and the first upper cylinder cover (1). The bearing unit includes a first inner cylinder (4), a second inner cylinder (8), and an outer cylinder (9) arranged in sequence. And an intelligent monitoring unit, including a data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a pressure control module and a stiffness regulation module, used to monitor the pressure inside the airbag (12) in real time and adjust its volume to achieve stepless regulation of the damper stiffness.

2. The intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing stepless adjustable stiffness according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viscoelastic damper (7) includes an outer steel plate (71), an inner steel plate (72), and a viscoelastic layer (73) disposed between the two. The inner steel plate (72) is welded to the outside of the second inner cylinder (8), and the outer steel plate (71) is welded to the inside of the outer cylinder (9); The inner steel plate (72) and the outer steel plates (71) on both sides generate relative displacement along the Z-axis direction to achieve planar shear deformation of the viscoelastic layer (73) between the inner and outer steel plates.

3. The intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing stepless adjustable stiffness according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal yielding damper includes a second inner cylinder (8), a first inner cylinder (4), and a metal energy dissipation component (6). The metal energy-consuming component (6) is fan-shaped with a fan angle of less than 45°, and is evenly distributed along the Z-axis direction, and is evenly arranged around the outside of the first inner cylinder (4) on the XY-axis plane.

4. The intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing stepless adjustable stiffness according to claim 3, characterized in that, The smaller, central end of the metal energy-consuming component (6) is welded to the outside of the first inner cylinder (4), and the connection with the outside of the first inner cylinder (4) is reinforced by welding metal strips on the top and bottom. The larger end, which is farther from the center, is fixed by a steel slot (16) welded to the inside of the second inner cylinder (8).

5. A smart composite damping system with self-sensing stepless adjustable stiffness according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The air pressure bladder (12) has a pressure sensor (15) inside and an air pressure tube (14) at the bottom. The bottom of the air pressure bladder (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer cylinder (9). The bearing unit also includes a first upper cylinder head (1), a second upper cylinder head (2), and a pad (11).

6. The intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness according to claim 5, characterized in that, The connection between the airbag (12) and the pad (11) is made of a high-strength strap (17) system to ensure a reliable connection. The strap (17) is made of polyester, aramid or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) braided tape.

7. A smart composite damping system with self-sensing stepless adjustable stiffness according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The guide sleeve (19) is located between the first inner cylinder (4) and the first upper cylinder cover (1) to prevent the metal energy-consuming part (6) from rotating out and to realize that the first inner cylinder (4) only moves along the Z-axis.

8. The intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing stepless adjustable stiffness according to claim 7, characterized in that, The metal energy-consuming component (6) and the first inner cylinder (4) are replaceable. When replacing, the first upper cylinder cover (1) is disassembled and the first inner cylinder (4) is rotated 45° to pull the first inner cylinder (4) and the metal energy-consuming component (6) out of the damper.

9. A method for self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness, characterized in that, The application of the intelligent composite damping system with self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness as described in any one of claims 1-8 includes: S100: The pressure sensor (15) monitors the pressure data inside the airbag (12) in real time and transmits it to the data analysis module through the data acquisition instrument; S200: The data analysis module identifies external operating conditions based on pressure data, determines whether the pressure value is within the set reasonable standard, records the pressure value, peak value and trend of change, and feeds back the pressure adjustment signal to the air pressure control module; S300: When the pressure inside the air bladder (12) is within the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module receives the signal and adjusts the volume of the air bladder (12) to the limit volume of the viscoelastic damper (7), limiting the stroke of the viscoelastic damper (7); at this time, the relative displacement between the second inner cylinder (8) and the outer cylinder (9) is constrained by the air bladder (12) and the pad (11), and the metal yielding damper partially works because part of the stroke is activated, and the damper stiffness changes steplessly with the continuous adjustment of the air bladder volume; S400: As the external load changes continuously, the pressure inside the air pressure bladder (12) changes continuously. The data analysis module provides real-time feedback adjustment signals. The air pressure control module continuously adjusts the volume of the air pressure bladder through the air pump, so that the stroke of the viscoelastic damper (7) is continuously restricted or released. The participation of the metal yield type damper changes continuously, and finally the stepless control of the damper stiffness is achieved.

10. The intelligent composite damping method for self-sensing infinitely adjustable stiffness according to claim 9, characterized in that, The damper stiffness adjustment range is: When the pressure inside the airbag (12) is within the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the volume of the airbag (12) to limit the stroke of the viscoelastic damper (7), so that the metal yielding damper partially works, thereby realizing stepless adjustment of the damper stiffness. When the pressure inside the airbag (12) exceeds the set reasonable standard, the air pressure control module adjusts the volume of the airbag (12) to make the airbag (12) rise upward until the viscoelastic damper (7) reaches the maximum design stroke, the metal yield type damper plays its full role, and the damper stiffness reaches the maximum.

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