Tunnel ventilation equipment adjusted along with tunneling process and pipeline equipment arrangement method

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel ventilation device adjusted along with the tunneling process and a pipeline device arrangement method, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction. Comprising ventilation equipment, the ventilation equipment further comprises a pipeline mounting barrel, a ventilation pipeline is mounted on the left side of the pipeline mounting barrel, an air collection barrel is mounted on the right side of the pipeline mounting barrel, an air collection cover is mounted on the left side of the air collection barrel, a motor is mounted on one side of the air collection barrel, and a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. The power wind gathering assembly drives the dust collection assembly to rotate at a high speed, the activated carbon pipe on the outer side of the built-in box makes full contact with air in the rotating process, and dust is deeply removed through adsorbability; the dust collecting box collects large-particle impurities through centrifugal force, and is matched with pre-filtration of the first filter screen and the second filter screen to form a multiple dust removal system of adsorption, interception and centrifugation, so that the problem that too much dust in a high-altitude area is not sufficiently filtered only by a single filter screen is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a ventilation equipment and pipeline equipment arrangement method for adjusting tunnel construction progress. BACKGROUND

[0002] When tunnel construction is carried out in high-cold and high-altitude areas, many severe environmental challenges are faced. The air temperature is low and the air is thin in this area, and the oxygen content is much lower than that in plain areas, which not only threatens the health of construction personnel, but also seriously affects the normal operation efficiency of construction equipment. During the tunneling process, as the tunneling depth increases, the tunnel length is continuously extended, and the ventilation difficulty also increases. The traditional ventilation method often uses fixed ventilation parameters and pipeline equipment arrangement, which is difficult to adapt to the change of ventilation demand in the tunneling process, resulting in poor ventilation effect, poor air quality in the tunnel, excessive concentration of harmful gases and dust, and serious impact on construction safety and progress.

[0003] At present, in the tunnel ventilation operation in high-altitude areas, due to the fast external wind speed, the amount of dust carried in the air is large, the dust removal method of the existing ventilation equipment is single, and most of them only rely on single filter screen for filtering. This filtering method not only cannot meet the filtering demand of high-concentration dust, but also cannot adjust the filtering effect synchronously according to the air volume during the tunneling process. When the air volume increases, the problem of incomplete dust filtration will be more prominent. After a large amount of dust enters the internal construction tunnel, it is easy to cause respiratory discomfort and other health problems of construction personnel, further aggravating the deterioration of the construction environment.

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a ventilation equipment and pipeline equipment arrangement method for adjusting tunnel construction progress to meet the needs. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a ventilation equipment and pipeline equipment arrangement method for adjusting tunnel construction progress to solve the problem that the dust removal method of the existing ventilation equipment is single, mostly relying on single filter screen for filtering. This filtering method not only cannot meet the filtering demand of high-concentration dust, but also cannot adjust the filtering effect synchronously according to the air volume during the tunneling process. When the air volume increases, the problem of incomplete dust filtration will be more prominent. After a large amount of dust enters the internal construction tunnel, it is easy to cause respiratory discomfort and other health problems of construction personnel, further aggravating the deterioration of the construction environment.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The utility model provides a kind of ventilation equipment of tunnel adjustment with tunneling process, including ventilation equipment, the ventilation equipment further includes pipe installation cylinder, ventilation pipe is installed in the left side of the pipe installation cylinder, air collecting cylinder is installed in the right side of the pipe installation cylinder, air collecting hood is installed in the left side of the air collecting cylinder, motor is installed in the side of the air collecting cylinder, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected with rotating shaft, the outer surface of the rotating shaft is sleeved with half ball valve;Air inlet assembly is installed in the middle of the air collecting hood, and the air inlet assembly is used to gather wind inside ventilation pipe;Quick-release assembly is inserted in the middle of the air inlet assembly, and the quick-release assembly is used to clean and replace dust suction assembly;Dust suction assembly is rotatably connected to the inside of one end of the quick-release assembly, and the dust suction assembly is used to absorb dust in air;Powerful air gathering assembly is inserted in one end of the dust suction assembly, and the powerful air gathering assembly is used to gather wind in ventilation pipe, while driving dust suction assembly to rotate at high speed.

[0008] Optionally, the air inlet assembly includes an air inlet cylinder, which is installed on the right side of the air collecting hood, a first filter screen is installed at one end of the air inlet cylinder, and an opening is formed at the center of the first filter screen.

[0009] Optionally, the first filter screen is arranged on the inside of the air collecting hood, a second filter screen is installed at the right end of the air inlet cylinder, an inner convex plate is installed at the center of the second filter screen, and a plurality of guide plates are fixedly connected around the back of the second filter screen.

[0010] Optionally, the quick-release assembly includes a side air inlet pipe, which is installed on the inside of the opening, a sleeve is threadedly connected to one end of the side air inlet pipe, the sleeve is arranged on the inside of the air collecting hood, and a plurality of air inlet holes are formed on the outer surface of the side air inlet pipe.

[0011] Optionally, the dust suction assembly includes an internal box, which is rotatably installed on the inner wall of one end of the sleeve, a plurality of activated carbon pipes are nested on the outside of the internal box, a butt joint is installed at the front end of the internal box, a plurality of dust collection boxes are inserted into the inside of the internal box, a curved cover is installed at the top end of the dust collection box, and a side groove is formed between the dust collection box and the curved cover.

[0012] Optionally, the plurality of activated carbon pipes and dust collection boxes are fixed by rubber bands, the dust collection box and the internal box are detachably connected, a rotating speed monitor is installed on the bottom inner wall of the air inlet cylinder, and the input end of the rotating speed monitor is installed on the end of the turbofan away from the rotating box.

[0013] Optionally, the powerful air gathering assembly includes a rotating box, which is rotatably installed on the inside of the air inlet cylinder, a turbofan is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating box, and a plug socket is installed at the end of the rotating box facing the internal box.

[0014] Optionally, the inner wall of the air inlet duct is equipped with a plurality of atomizing nozzles, which are connected by pipes, and a water inlet is installed on the outer side of the air inlet duct.

[0015] Optionally, a fixing plate is installed on the top of the rotating box, a fixing ring is installed at the end of the fixing plate, and multiple curved fan blades are inserted and installed on one side of the fixing ring.

[0016] The present invention also provides another technical solution: a method for arranging the ductwork of ventilation equipment that is adjusted as tunnel excavation progresses, the method comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: Before tunnel excavation, a tunnel excavation model is established. Taking into account environmental factors such as temperature, air pressure, and oxygen content in high-altitude and cold regions, as well as geological conditions, cross-sectional dimensions, and excavation speed of the tunnel, the ventilation requirements at different stages of tunnel excavation are simulated and analyzed. Based on the simulation results, the variation law of ventilation volume, wind speed, and wind pressure ventilation parameters required at different excavation stages is determined.

[0018] S2: Ventilation ducts are made of materials with good thermal insulation performance, high strength and corrosion resistance. The outer layer of the duct can be made of thermal insulation material to reduce the cooling effect of cold air on the gas inside the duct and reduce heat loss. The inner layer is made of corrosion-resistant material to ensure the service life of the duct in harsh environments.

[0019] S3: Based on the tunnel excavation model and ventilation demand analysis results, design the structural layout scheme of the ventilation duct. The segmented layout method is adopted, dividing the ventilation duct into several sections. The length of each section is determined according to the tunnel excavation progress and ventilation demand. Rubber sealing rings are used at the pipe connection to prevent air leakage. At the same time, guide plates are installed inside the pipe to optimize airflow distribution and reduce ventilation resistance.

[0020] S4: The tunnel is divided into several blocks along the excavation direction. Multiple oxygen content monitoring points are set in each block. High-precision oxygen sensors are used to monitor the oxygen content in each block in real time and transmit the monitoring data to the central control system. The central control system analyzes and processes the monitoring data to determine whether the ventilation effect of each block meets the requirements.

[0021] S5: Based on the monitoring results of oxygen content in the ventilation blocks and the tunnel excavation progress, the central control system automatically adjusts the operating parameters of the ventilation fans, such as speed and power, to change the ventilation volume and wind speed. When the oxygen content in a certain block is lower than the set threshold, the speed of the corresponding ventilation fan in that block is increased to increase the ventilation volume. When the oxygen content reaches or exceeds the set threshold, the speed of the ventilation fan is appropriately reduced to save energy.

[0022] S6: As tunnel excavation progresses, the layout of ventilation ducts should be adjusted in a timely manner according to ventilation needs and actual conditions. When the tunnel reaches a certain depth, the diameter or number of ventilation ducts should be increased to meet the ventilation requirements. At tunnel bends or cross-section changes, the direction and connection method of the ducts should be reasonably adjusted to ensure smooth ventilation.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] In the above scheme, by establishing a tunnel excavation model to simulate the ventilation needs at different stages, and combined with the real-time monitoring of oxygen content by the central control system, the speed and power of the ventilation fan and the opening and closing angle of the hemispherical valve can be automatically adjusted to dynamically change the ventilation volume, wind speed and wind pressure. When the oxygen content of a certain block is lower than the threshold, the efficiency is automatically improved and the air volume is increased. After reaching the threshold, the speed is reduced and energy is saved. This solves the problem that traditional fixed parameter ventilation is difficult to adapt to the increase in tunneling depth. The segmented pipeline design allows for flexible increase in pipeline diameter or number as the tunneling progresses. The routing and connection methods are optimized at bends and cross-sectional changes. The airflow distribution is optimized with the guide plates inside the pipeline, effectively reducing ventilation resistance and ensuring smooth ventilation throughout the entire tunnel excavation process.

[0025] The outer layer of the ventilation duct uses insulation material to reduce the cooling effect of cold air and reduce heat loss; the inner layer uses corrosion-resistant material to withstand the erosion of the harsh environment inside the tunnel, solving the problem that traditional ducts are easily damaged in low temperature and high humidity environments. Through block-based oxygen content monitoring and dynamic ventilation adjustment, it is ensured that the oxygen content in each area of ​​the tunnel always meets the construction requirements, alleviating the impact of thin air in high-altitude areas on the health of construction personnel and the operating efficiency of equipment.

[0026] The dust collection component is driven to rotate at high speed by the power wind concentrator. The activated carbon tube on the outside of the inner box comes into full contact with the air during rotation, and removes dust by adsorption. The dust collection box collects large particles of impurities by centrifugal force. Together with the pre-filtration of the first and second filters, it forms a multi-layer dust removal system of "adsorption + interception + centrifugation", which solves the problem that the dust in high-altitude areas is too much and the filtration of a single filter is insufficient.

[0027] The air can be humidified by the atomizing nozzles inside the air intake duct. The humidified air is then guided by the guide plate to the second filter for further filtration. This not only improves the dry air problem in high-altitude and cold regions, but also further enhances air cleanliness and reduces the discomfort caused by dust to construction workers.

[0028] The quick-release assembly allows for rapid assembly and disassembly via a threaded connection between the side air intake pipe and the outer sleeve. The dust collection box and activated carbon tube of the dust collection assembly are secured with rubber bands and are removable, allowing for cleaning and replacement without complicated tools, significantly reducing maintenance costs. Meanwhile, the connectors of the dust collection assembly and the sockets of the power concentrator assembly feature an inclined design, ensuring smooth insertion even at different stopping angles of the rotating box, thus improving equipment assembly efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the specification, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and enable those skilled in the art to practice and use the invention.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ventilation equipment that is adjusted as the tunnel is excavated;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air collection duct and hemispherical valve structure;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the duct installation cylinder and air inlet assembly;

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the air collection hood and part of the air intake components;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the air inlet duct and a structural schematic diagram of the power wind concentrator;

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the air inlet duct and the power wind concentrator;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating box and the turbofan.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connector and socket.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the quick-release assembly;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the vacuum cleaner assembly.

[0040] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the dust collection box.

[0041] Figure label:

[0042] 1. Ventilation equipment; 10. Pipe installation cylinder; 11. Ventilation duct; 12. Air collection duct; 13. Air collection cover; 14. Motor; 15. Shaft; 16. Hemispherical valve; 2. Air inlet assembly; 20. Air inlet duct; 21. First filter screen; 22. Opening; 23. Second filter screen; 24. Inner convex plate; 25. Guide plate; 3. Quick release assembly; 30. Outer sleeve; 31. Side air inlet pipe; 32. Air inlet hole; 4. Dust collection assembly; 40. Internal box; 41. Activated carbon tube; 42. Connector; 43. Dust collection box; 44. Bend cover; 45. Side groove; 5. Power air collection assembly; 50. Rotating box; 501. Socket; 51. Turbine fan; 52. Speed ​​monitor; 53. Atomizing nozzle; 54. Fixing ring; 55. Fixing plate; 56. Curved fan blade; 57. Water inlet.

[0043] As shown in the figure, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure to clearly illustrate the structure of the embodiments of the present invention. However, this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to this specific structure, device and environment. Those skilled in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments according to specific needs. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following describes in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, a method for adjusting the layout of ventilation equipment and pipeline equipment in a tunnel as the excavation progress is provided by the present invention. It should also be noted that, to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments; those skilled in the art can also use other alternative methods to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that the use of terms such as "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," and "some embodiments" in the specification indicates that the described embodiment may include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0046] Generally, terms can be understood at least partly from their use in context. For example, depending at least partly on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood not necessarily to convey an exclusive set of factors, but rather, alternatively, depending at least partly on the context, to allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0047] It is understood that the meanings of “on”, “above”, and “above” in this invention should be interpreted in the broadest manner, such that “on” means not only “directly on” something, but also includes the meaning of being “on” something with an intervening feature or layer, and that “above” or “above” means not only “on” something, but also includes the meaning of being “on” something without an intervening feature or layer.

[0048] Furthermore, spatially related terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower,” “above,” and “upper” are used herein for convenience to describe the relationship of one element or feature to one or more other elements or features, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Spatially related terms are intended to cover different orientations in the use or operation of the device other than those depicted in the accompanying drawings. The device may be oriented in other ways, and the spatially related descriptive terms used herein can be interpreted similarly.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a ventilation and piping system for tunnels that can be adjusted as the tunneling process progresses. The system includes a ventilation device 1, which further includes a pipe mounting cylinder 10. A ventilation duct 11 is installed on the left side of the pipe mounting cylinder 10, an air collecting cylinder 12 is installed on the right side of the pipe mounting cylinder 10, an air collecting hood 13 is installed on the left side of the air collecting cylinder 12, and a motor 14 is installed on one side of the air collecting cylinder 12. A rotating shaft 15 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 14, and a hemispherical valve 16 is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft 15. The air collecting hood 1... An air intake assembly 2 is installed in the middle of the ventilation duct 11. The air intake assembly 2 is used to gather the air inside the ventilation duct 11. A quick-release assembly 3 is inserted into the middle of the air intake assembly 2. The quick-release assembly 3 is used to clean and replace the dust collection assembly 4. The dust collection assembly 4 is rotatably connected to the inner side of one end of the quick-release assembly 3. The dust collection assembly 4 is used to absorb dust in the air. A power air-gathering assembly 5 is inserted into one end of the dust collection assembly 4. The power air-gathering assembly 5 is used to gather the air inside the ventilation duct 11 and drive the dust collection assembly 4 to rotate at high speed.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the air intake assembly 2 includes an air intake duct 20, which is installed on the right side of the air collection hood 13. A first filter 21 is installed at one end of the air intake duct 20, and an opening 22 is provided at the center of the first filter 21. The first filter 21 is located inside the air collection hood 13. A second filter 23 is installed at the right end of the air intake duct 20, and an inner convex plate 24 is installed at the center of the second filter 23. Multiple guide plates 25 are fixedly connected around the back of the second filter 23. The inner convex plate 24 is convex, which has the effect of guiding the air to all directions. The guide plates 25 guide the humidified air, so that the air passes precisely through the second filter 23 and is discharged, performing a final filtration of the air to ensure the cleanliness and humidity of the air.

[0051] like Figure 9 As shown, the quick-release assembly 3 includes a side air inlet pipe 31, which is installed inside the opening 22. One end of the side air inlet pipe 31 is threaded to an outer sleeve 30, which is located inside the air collection hood 13. The outer surface of the side air inlet pipe 31 has several air inlet holes 32. By pressurizing the air towards the center, the dust is pushed towards the center of the air column, allowing the gas to enter the air inlet holes 32 of the side air inlet pipe 31. The inner box 40 rotates at high speed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 30. The activated carbon tube 41 nested on the inner box 40 comes into full contact with the air under high-speed rotation. The activated carbon adsorption property fully adsorbs the dust in the air, maintaining the cleanliness of the air entering the tunnel.

[0052] like Figure 8 and Figures 10 to 11 As shown, the vacuuming assembly 4 includes a built-in box 40, which is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of one end of the outer sleeve 30. Several activated carbon tubes 41 are nested on the outer side of the built-in box 40. A connector 42 is installed at the front end of the built-in box 40. Several dust collection boxes 43 are inserted into the inner side of the built-in box 40. A curved cover 44 is installed at the top of the dust collection box 43. A side groove 45 is opened between the dust collection box 43 and the curved cover 44. Several activated carbon tubes 41 and dust collection boxes 43 are tied and fixed by rubber bands. The dust collection box 43 and the built-in box 40 are detachably connected. By setting the surfaces of the two side blocks of the socket 501 to be tilted in opposite directions, when the stopping angle of the rotating box 50 is different, it can still be smoothly inserted along the tilt of the side blocks by pressing against the surfaces of the two side blocks.

[0053] like Figures 4 to 8As shown, the power wind concentrator 5 includes a rotating box 50, which is rotatably mounted inside the air inlet duct 20. One end of the rotating box 50 is fixedly connected to a turbofan 51. A socket 501 is installed on the end of the rotating box 50 facing the inner box 40. Multiple atomizing nozzles 53 are installed on the inner wall of the air inlet duct 20 and are connected by pipes. A water inlet 57 is installed on the outer side of the air inlet duct 20. A speed monitor 52 is installed on the bottom inner wall of the air inlet duct 20, and the input end of the speed monitor 52 is installed on the turbofan 51 away from the rotating box. At one end of the rotating box 50, a fixing plate 55 is installed on the top of the rotating box 50. A fixing ring 54 is installed at the end of the fixing plate 55. Multiple curved fan blades 56 are inserted and installed on one side of the fixing ring 54. The curved fan blades 56 are set to irregular curved surfaces. The thrust on the air is different from the left end to the right end of the curved fan blades 56. Therefore, the thrust on the dust pushed onto the activated carbon tube 41 is different. So, when the dust is subjected to different thrusts, it can be applied to dust particles of different sizes. This method is beneficial for collecting dust of different weights in the air.

[0054] The working principle of the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0055] First, the ventilation equipment 1 is installed on the installation vehicle that follows the construction workers. Then, the ventilation duct 11 is connected to the duct installation cylinder 10. After the ventilation duct 11 is arranged, the high-speed fan connected to the ventilation duct 11 is turned on. The high-speed fan blows high-speed air from outside the tunnel into the tunnel through the ventilation duct 11. Then, the high-speed air enters the air collection cylinder 12 through the duct installation cylinder 10. The air is collected by the air collection hood 13 installed on the right side of the air collection cylinder 12. Since the air collection hood 13 has a concave structure and the side wall is set as an arc surface, after the high-speed air is collected, the air velocity increases as the diameter of the air duct narrows and the pressure increases. After passing through the first filter screen 21 to filter out larger dust particles, the air then passes through the curved fan blades 56 and reaches the turbo fan 51. At this location, the high-speed gas drives the turbofan 51 to rotate at high speed. When the turbofan 51 rotates, it drives the curved fan blades 56 to rotate at high speed. At this time, the gas is subjected to the high-speed rotation of the curved fan blades 56 and the fanning effect of the inclined curved fan blades 56, which pressurizes the air towards the center and pushes the dust towards the center of the air column, so that the gas enters the air inlet 32 ​​of the side air inlet pipe 31 and reaches the built-in box 40. Since the built-in box 40 is connected to the rotating box 50 through the connector 42 and the socket 501, the built-in box 40 is also driven to rotate by the turbofan 51. The built-in box 40 rotates at high speed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 30. The activated carbon tube 41 nested on the built-in box 40 comes into full contact with the air under high-speed rotation, and the dust in the air is fully adsorbed by the adsorption properties of the activated carbon.

[0056] Subsequently, as the dust collection box 43 is also inserted into the inner box 40 and rotates, large dust particles in the air enter the dust collection box 43 through the side of the dust collection box 43. However, as the dust collection box 43 rotates at high speed, it generates centrifugal force outward. Larger particles that cannot be adsorbed by the activated carbon tube 41 will be stuck inside the high-speed rotating curved cover 44 by centrifugal force and remain in the dust collection box 43, while air will enter and be quickly discharged.

[0057] Finally, the air, after being vacuumed by the vacuuming component 4, is sprayed out through the water source connected to the water inlet 57 and the atomizing nozzle 53 to humidify the surrounding air. Then, it is discharged through the second filter 23. When passing through the second filter 23, the inner convex plate 24 is convex, which has the effect of guiding the air in all directions. The guide plate 25 guides the humidified air, so that the air is accurately discharged through the second filter 23, and performs the final filtration of the air to ensure the cleanliness and humidity of the air.

[0058] As the tunnel is excavated, and with the central control system monitoring the oxygen content in real time, it becomes necessary to increase the air volume to meet the oxygen supply demand. At this time, the power of the external high-speed fan increases, and the wind speed reaching the air collection hood 13 increases. As a result, the wind speed reaching the turbofan 51 increases, and the speed of the turbofan 51 increases accordingly. When the speed monitor 52 installed on the back detects that the speed of the turbofan 51 has increased, the motor 14, which is electrically connected to the control center, drives the rotating shaft 15 to rotate the hemispherical valve 16, changing the angle and making the opening of the pipe installation cylinder 10 larger. At the same time, since the hemispherical valve 16 is hemispherical, it has less resistance to air, so the air volume will also increase accordingly.

[0059] When the speed of the turbofan 51 increases, the speed of the built-in box 40 also increases with the increase of air volume. At this time, a large amount of air comes into contact with the high-speed rotating activated carbon tube 41 and dust collection box 43, resulting in a better adsorption effect on dust in the air.

[0060] When the activated carbon tube 41 in the built-in box 40 needs to be replaced and the dust collection box 43 needs to be cleaned after a period of use, the construction personnel manually unscrew the outer sleeve 30 of the quick-release component 3 from the threaded side air inlet pipe 31 after disassembling the ventilation duct 11, and pull out the built-in box 40. At this time, the rubber band on the built-in box 40 is pulled open, and all the activated carbon tubes 41 are disassembled. All the dust collection boxes 43 are also disassembled to clean the large particles of dust that have been collected inside. After replacing the new activated carbon tubes 41 and cleaning the dust collection boxes 43, they are tied with rubber bands again. Then, the outer sleeve 30, together with the built-in box 40, activated carbon tubes 41 and dust collection boxes 43, is inserted into the opening 22 of the first filter screen 21. The connector 42 at the inner end of the built-in box 40 is inserted into the groove of the socket 501 to quickly complete the installation.

[0061] A method for arranging the ductwork of a ventilation system that adjusts as a tunnel excavation progresses, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1: Before tunnel excavation, a tunnel excavation model is established. Taking into account environmental factors such as temperature, air pressure, and oxygen content in high-altitude and cold regions, as well as geological conditions, cross-sectional dimensions, and excavation speed of the tunnel, the ventilation requirements at different stages of tunnel excavation are simulated and analyzed. Based on the simulation results, the variation law of ventilation volume, wind speed, and wind pressure ventilation parameters required at different excavation stages is determined.

[0063] S2: Ventilation ducts are made of materials with good thermal insulation performance, high strength and corrosion resistance. The outer layer of the duct can be made of thermal insulation material to reduce the cooling effect of cold air on the gas inside the duct and reduce heat loss. The inner layer is made of corrosion-resistant material to ensure the service life of the duct in harsh environments.

[0064] S3: Based on the tunnel excavation model and ventilation demand analysis results, design the structural layout scheme of the ventilation duct. The segmented layout method is adopted, dividing the ventilation duct into several sections. The length of each section is determined according to the tunnel excavation progress and ventilation demand. Rubber sealing rings are used at the pipe connection to prevent air leakage. At the same time, guide plates are installed inside the pipe to optimize airflow distribution and reduce ventilation resistance.

[0065] S4: The tunnel is divided into several blocks along the excavation direction. Multiple oxygen content monitoring points are set in each block. High-precision oxygen sensors are used to monitor the oxygen content in each block in real time and transmit the monitoring data to the central control system. The central control system analyzes and processes the monitoring data to determine whether the ventilation effect of each block meets the requirements.

[0066] S5: Based on the monitoring results of oxygen content in the ventilation blocks and the tunnel excavation progress, the central control system automatically adjusts the operating parameters of the ventilation fans, such as speed and power, to change the ventilation volume and wind speed. When the oxygen content in a certain block is lower than the set threshold, the speed of the corresponding ventilation fan in that block is increased to increase the ventilation volume. When the oxygen content reaches or exceeds the set threshold, the speed of the ventilation fan is appropriately reduced to save energy.

[0067] S6: As tunnel excavation progresses, the layout of ventilation ducts should be adjusted in a timely manner according to ventilation needs and actual conditions. When the tunnel reaches a certain depth, the diameter or number of ventilation ducts should be increased to meet the ventilation requirements. At tunnel bends or cross-section changes, the direction and connection method of the ducts should be reasonably adjusted to ensure smooth ventilation.

[0068] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments; however, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation device for tunnels that adjusts as excavation progresses, comprising a ventilation device, characterized in that, The ventilation equipment also includes a duct installation cylinder, a ventilation duct is installed on the left side of the duct installation cylinder, an air collecting cylinder is installed on the right side of the duct installation cylinder, an air collecting hood is installed on the left side of the air collecting cylinder, a motor is installed on one side of the air collecting cylinder, a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, and a hemispherical valve is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft. An air intake assembly is installed in the middle of the air collecting hood, which is used to collect the air inside the ventilation duct. A quick-release assembly is inserted into the middle of the air intake assembly, which is used for cleaning and replacing the dust collection assembly; A dust-collecting component is rotatably connected to the inner side of one end of the quick-release assembly, and the dust-collecting component is used to absorb dust in the air. One end of the dust collection component is connected to a power air-gathering component, which is used to gather the air in the ventilation duct and drive the dust collection component to rotate at high speed.

2. The ventilation equipment for tunnels that adjusts as excavation progresses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake assembly includes an air intake duct, which is installed on the right side of the air collection hood. A first filter screen is installed at one end of the air intake duct, and an opening is provided at the center of the first filter screen.

3. The ventilation equipment for tunnels that adjusts as excavation progresses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first filter screen is located inside the air collection hood, and the second filter screen is installed at the right end of the air inlet duct. An inner convex plate is installed at the center of the second filter screen, and multiple guide plates are fixedly connected around the back of the second filter screen.

4. The ventilation equipment for tunnels that adjusts with the progress of excavation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The quick-release assembly includes a side air inlet pipe, which is installed inside the opening. One end of the side air inlet pipe is threaded to an outer sleeve, which is located inside the air collection hood. The outer surface of the side air inlet pipe has several air inlet holes.

5. The ventilation equipment for tunneling that adjusts as the tunneling progresses, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... The dust collection assembly includes a built-in box, which is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of one end of the outer sleeve. Several activated carbon tubes are nested on the outer side of the built-in box. A connector is installed at the front end of the built-in box. Multiple dust collection boxes are inserted into the inner side of the built-in box. A curved cover is installed at the top of the dust collection box. A side groove is formed between the dust collection box and the curved cover.

6. The ventilation equipment for tunneling that adjusts with the progress of excavation according to claim 5, characterized in that, Several activated carbon tubes and dust collection boxes are bundled and fixed together with rubber bands, and the dust collection box is detachably connected to the inner box.

7. The ventilation equipment for tunneling that adjusts with the progress of excavation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power wind concentrator includes a rotating box, which is rotatably mounted inside the air inlet duct. One end of the rotating box is fixedly connected to a turbofan, and a pair of sockets are installed on the end of the rotating box facing the inner box.

8. The ventilation equipment for tunneling that adjusts as the tunneling progresses, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... Multiple atomizing nozzles are installed on the inner wall of the air inlet duct, and the multiple atomizing nozzles are connected by pipes. A water inlet is installed on the outer side of the air inlet duct, and a speed monitor is installed on the bottom inner wall of the air inlet duct. The input end of the speed monitor is installed on the turbine fan at the end away from the rotating box.

9. The ventilation equipment for tunneling that adjusts with the progress of excavation according to claim 8, characterized in that, A fixing plate is installed on the top of the rotating box, and a fixing ring is installed at the end of the fixing plate. Multiple curved fan blades are inserted and installed on one side of the fixing ring.

10. The method for arranging the ductwork of the ventilation equipment for tunneling as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method steps are as follows: S1: Before tunnel excavation, a tunnel excavation model is established. Taking into account environmental factors such as temperature, air pressure, and oxygen content in high-altitude and cold regions, as well as geological conditions, cross-sectional dimensions, and excavation speed of the tunnel, the ventilation requirements at different stages of tunnel excavation are simulated and analyzed. Based on the simulation results, the variation law of ventilation volume, wind speed, and wind pressure ventilation parameters required at different excavation stages is determined. S2: Ventilation ducts are made of materials with good thermal insulation performance, high strength and corrosion resistance. The outer layer of the duct can be made of thermal insulation material to reduce the cooling effect of cold air on the gas inside the duct and reduce heat loss. The inner layer is made of corrosion-resistant material to ensure the service life of the duct in harsh environments. S3: Based on the tunnel excavation model and ventilation demand analysis results, design the structural layout scheme of the ventilation duct. The segmented layout method is adopted, dividing the ventilation duct into several sections. The length of each section is determined according to the tunnel excavation progress and ventilation demand. Rubber sealing rings are used at the pipe connection to prevent air leakage. At the same time, guide plates are installed inside the pipe to optimize airflow distribution and reduce ventilation resistance. S4: The tunnel is divided into several blocks along the excavation direction. Multiple oxygen content monitoring points are set in each block. High-precision oxygen sensors are used to monitor the oxygen content in each block in real time and transmit the monitoring data to the central control system. The central control system analyzes and processes the monitoring data to determine whether the ventilation effect of each block meets the requirements. S5: Based on the monitoring results of oxygen content in the ventilation blocks and the tunnel excavation progress, the central control system automatically adjusts the operating parameters of the ventilation fans, such as speed and power, to change the ventilation volume and wind speed. When the oxygen content in a certain block is lower than the set threshold, the speed of the corresponding ventilation fan in that block is increased to increase the ventilation volume. When the oxygen content reaches or exceeds the set threshold, the speed of the ventilation fan is appropriately reduced to save energy. S6: As tunnel excavation progresses, the layout of ventilation ducts should be adjusted in a timely manner according to ventilation needs and actual conditions. When the tunnel reaches a certain depth, the diameter or number of ventilation ducts should be increased to meet the ventilation requirements. At tunnel bends or cross-section changes, the direction and connection method of the ducts should be reasonably adjusted to ensure smooth ventilation.

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