Networking implementation method of through-the-earth wireless electronic detonators

Abstract

The invention provides a networking implementation method of through-the-earth wireless electronic detonators, which belongs to the technical field of wireless detonator networking, and comprises the following steps of: punching N blast holes according to the diameter of a transceiver according to the blasting area environment and the blasting effect requirement; single-shot function detection is conducted on each electronic detonator, if the function is normal, explosive is loaded, the detonator with the explosive is placed in the deep position of a blast hole, function detection is conducted on each wireless transceiver, and the blast hole is filled with soil and plugged through the transceivers. The wireless repeater communicates with the N transceivers through the first system and is registered in a wireless detonator network, and after the far-end wireless detonator is started, the far-end wireless detonator communicates with the wireless repeater through the second system to obtain networking information, so that the networking detection process of the through-the-earth type wireless electronic detonator is completed; after the networking detection process is completed, charging and detonating instructions are issued based on the wireless exploder, and the whole through-the-earth type wireless electronic detonator network is controlled to conduct detonating operation. And more convenient conditions are provided for blasting construction.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless detonator networking technology, and particularly relates to a networking implementation method of a through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of economy, the infrastructure construction industry in China has also made great progress. Among them, the fields of mineral exploitation, tunnel excavation, dangerous building reconstruction, geological exploration and other engineering fields have widely used digital electronic detonators for blasting operations. At present, the main method is to use wired initiation. In this method, the initiator needs to be connected to each electronic detonator through the foot line and the bus. The potential of a dead shot caused by damage to the bus or foot line will increase the risk coefficient of construction. In addition, the wired system in the activities of starting, loading, filling holes and connection needs to take preventive measures to protect the wired connection, which increases the power demand and the time of network detection, and reduces the construction efficiency. Therefore, more advanced initiation technology is needed to safely and efficiently perform blasting operations. The through-the-earth wireless initiation technology does not need to connect the initiation lead, and the initiation command can pass through the soil, rock and even water to initiate the single or multiple initiation cartridges loaded in the blast hole in a wireless communication manner, which can significantly improve the blasting efficiency and also can keep the operators away from the blasting danger zone, reducing or avoiding the exposure of workers to the dangerous initiation operation environment.

[0003] The existing through-the-earth communication technology mainly includes electromagnetic wave through-the-earth communication, ground electrode through-the-earth communication and elastic wave through-the-earth communication. The electromagnetic wave through-the-earth communication is to transmit a large-power low-frequency electromagnetic wave through a large loop antenna arranged on the ground surface to penetrate the ground layer and transmit the signal to the receiving device. This method needs a large-area antenna and a large-power transmitter, so the construction cost is very high and has great limitations. The ground electrode through-the-earth communication is to insert a ground electrode antenna into the ground surface and the underground suitable position, and to transmit the wireless signal to the receiving device through the electric field change formed by the ground layer. This method needs to install a very deep through-the-earth antenna, and the signal transmission efficiency is greatly affected by the ground layer medium conductivity, which is not conducive to the networking of large-band electronic detonators. The elastic wave through-the-earth communication is to generate a low-frequency sound wave by a sound wave instrument on the ground surface, and to transmit the wireless signal to the receiving device by the resonance effect of the ground layer medium. However, there are many audio noises in the construction area, such as the noises generated by the generator, motor, drilling machine and other equipment, which greatly affect the communication of this method, and it is also not suitable for through-the-earth wireless electronic detonators.

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a networking implementation method of a through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a networking implementation method of a through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] The application provides a networking implementation method of a through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: drilling blast holes: according to the blast area environment and the blast effect requirement, N blast holes are drilled according to the diameter of the transceiver.

[0008] Step 2: preparation stage: N electronic detonators and N transceivers are selected according to the number of blast holes, single-shot function detection is performed on each electronic detonator, the electronic detonator is loaded with explosive if the function is normal, and the electronic detonator with explosive is placed in the deep part of the blast hole, function detection is performed on each wireless transceiver, and the electronic detonator in the blast hole is bound with ID if the function is normal, at this time, the transceiver and the electronic detonator perform low-frequency communication, until the N transceivers bind N electronic detonators successfully, then the transceiver is used to fill the blast hole, and the next stage is entered.

[0009] Step 3: networking detection: the wireless repeater and all wireless transceivers are powered on, the wireless repeater communicates with the N transceivers through the first system and is registered in the wireless detonator network, the remote wireless initiator is powered on, communicates with the wireless repeater through the second system, and obtains networking information, thereby completing the networking detection process of the through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator.

[0010] Step 4: initiation control: after the networking detection process is completed, the wireless initiator issues a charging and initiation instruction to control the entire through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator network to perform initiation operation.

[0011] Preferably, the hardware structure of the electronic detonator comprises a first low-frequency antenna, a first low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit, an MCU, a first button cell, an initiation control circuit, a DCDC booster, and a detonator module ignition resistor.

[0012] The first low-frequency antenna is in communication connection with the first low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit, the first low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit is in bidirectional communication with the MCU, the first button cell supplies power to the MCU, the DCDC booster and the first low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit, the MCU is in unidirectional connection with the initiation control circuit and the DCDC booster, the DCDC booster is in unidirectional connection with the initiation control circuit, and the initiation control circuit is in unidirectional connection with the detonator module ignition resistor.

[0013] Preferably, the hardware structure of the transceiver comprises a second low-frequency antenna, a second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit, a second button cell, a Sub-1G MCU, a physical button, a communication state indicator lamp and a Sub-1G high-frequency antenna.

[0014] The second low-frequency antenna is in communication connection with the second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit, the second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit is in bidirectional communication with the Sub-1G MCU, the second button cell supplies power for the second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit and the Sub-1G MCU, the Sub-1G high-frequency antenna is in communication connection with the Sub-1G MCU, the second button cell is connected with the Sub-1G MCU through the physical button, the positive electrode of the communication state indicator lamp is connected with the Sub-1G MCU, and the negative electrode of the communication state indicator lamp is grounded.

[0015] Preferably, the hardware structure of the wireless repeater comprises: a Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ①, a Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ②, two 4W radio frequency power amplifiers, a Sub-1G MCU1, a Sub-1G MCU2, a communication state indicator lamp ①, a communication state indicator lamp ②, a physical button, and a lithium battery.

[0016] The Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ① is connected with the wireless transceiver and one 4W radio frequency power amplifier, the one 4W radio frequency power amplifier is connected with the Sub-1G MCU1, the Sub-1G MCU1 is connected with the positive electrode of the communication state indicator lamp ① and the Sub-1G MCU2, the Sub-1G MCU2 is connected with the Sub-1G MCU1, another 4W radio frequency power amplifier, and the positive electrode of the communication state indicator lamp ②, the Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ② is connected with the wireless initiator and another 4W radio frequency power amplifier, and the negative electrodes of the communication state indicator lamp ① and the communication state indicator lamp ② are respectively grounded.

[0017] The lithium battery supplies power for the two 4W radio frequency power amplifiers, the Sub-1G MCU1, and the Sub-1G MCU2 through the physical button.

[0018] Preferably, it further comprises: determining the earth-penetrating communication depth D:

[0019]

[0020] Wherein, S is the earth-penetrating depth of electromagnetic wave propagation in medium; f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave; σ is the conductivity of medium; and u is the magnetic permeability of medium.

[0021] Preferably, after obtaining the networking information, it comprises:

[0022] When the wireless transceivers are successfully registered, the wireless initiator obtains three parameters of each transceiver to construct a networking health coefficient, wherein the three parameters are: a transmission power value, a receiving level value, and a battery voltage.

[0023] Preferably, the earth-penetrating wireless electronic detonator comprises: an earth-penetrating wireless electronic detonator, a filling plug transceiver, a ground surface wireless repeater, and a remote wireless initiator.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:

[0025] The small-sized and low-power through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator, through the low-frequency short-distance through-the-earth communication, omits the large-power transmitter and large-area antenna, provides a lot of convenient conditions for blasting construction, the small-sized and low-power transceiver realizes the communication connection of the through-the-earth electronic detonator and the repeater, and can fill the hole and plug the hole of the blast hole, the 4W wireless repeater realizes the large-band load control of the through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator, and can enlarge the communication distance of the through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator and the wireless initiator to 2 kilometers.

[0026] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description, or can be learned by practice of the present application. The objects and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0027] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below with the help of the accompanying drawings and examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the present application together with the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 A flow chart of a networking implementation method of a through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 A networking schematic diagram of a through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 A hardware block diagram of a wireless electronic detonator in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 A hardware block diagram of a transceiver in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 A hardware block diagram of a wireless repeater in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to explain and illustrate the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the present application.

[0035] The present application provides a networking implementation method of a through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator, as shown in Figure 1 the figure.

[0036] Step 1: Drilling: According to the blast area environment and the demand for blasting effect, N holes are drilled according to the diameter of the transceiver.

[0037] Step 2: Preparation phase: According to the number of holes, N electronic detonators and N transceivers are selected. Each electronic detonator is tested for single-shot function. If the function is normal, the explosive is loaded, and the detonator with explosive is placed in the hole. Each wireless transceiver is tested for function, and if the function is normal, it is bound with the electronic detonator in the hole. At this time, the transceiver and the electronic detonator communicate at low frequency. Until N transceivers bind N electronic detonators successfully, the transceiver is used to fill the hole with soil, and the next phase is entered.

[0038] Step 3: Network detection: Turn on the wireless repeater and all wireless transceivers. The wireless repeater communicates with N transceivers through the first system and registers in the wireless detonator network. The remote wireless initiator communicates with the wireless repeater through the second system after booting, obtains network information, and completes the network detection process of the transparent wireless electronic detonator.

[0039] Step 4: Initiation control: After completing the network detection process, the wireless initiator issues charging and initiation instructions to control the entire transparent wireless electronic detonator network to initiate operation.

[0040] Preferably, the hardware structure of the electronic detonator includes: a first low-frequency antenna, a first low-frequency modem circuit, an MCU, a first button cell, an initiation control circuit, a DCDC booster, and a detonator module ignition resistor.

[0041] The first low-frequency antenna is in communication connection with the first low-frequency modem circuit. The first low-frequency modem circuit is in bidirectional communication with the MCU. The first button cell supplies power to the MCU, the DCDC booster, and the first low-frequency modem circuit. The MCU is unidirectionally connected with the initiation control circuit and the DCDC booster. The DCDC booster is unidirectionally connected with the initiation control circuit. The initiation control circuit is unidirectionally connected with the detonator module ignition resistor.

[0042] Preferably, the hardware structure of the transceiver includes: a second low-frequency antenna, a second low-frequency modem circuit, a second button cell, a Sub-1G MCU, a physical button, a communication status indicator light, and a Sub-1G high-frequency antenna.

[0043] The second low-frequency antenna is in communication connection with the second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit, the second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit is in bidirectional communication with the Sub-1G MCU, the second button cell supplies power for the second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit and the Sub-1G MCU, the Sub-1G high-frequency antenna is in communication connection with the Sub-1G MCU, the second button cell is connected with the Sub-1G MCU through the physical button, the positive electrode of the communication state indicator lamp is connected with the Sub-1G MCU, and the negative electrode of the communication state indicator lamp is grounded.

[0044] Preferably, the hardware structure of the wireless repeater comprises: a Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ①, a Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ②, two 4W radio frequency power amplifiers, a Sub-1G MCU1, a Sub-1G MCU2, a communication state indicator lamp ①, a communication state indicator lamp ②, a physical button, and a lithium battery.

[0045] The Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ① is connected with the wireless transceiver and one 4W radio frequency power amplifier, the one 4W radio frequency power amplifier is connected with the Sub-1G MCU1, the Sub-1G MCU1 is connected with the positive electrode of the communication state indicator lamp ① and the Sub-1G MCU2, the Sub-1G MCU2 is connected with the Sub-1G MCU1, another 4W radio frequency power amplifier and the positive electrode of the communication state indicator lamp ②, the Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ② is connected with the wireless initiator and another 4W radio frequency power amplifier, and the negative electrodes of the communication state indicator lamp ① and the communication state indicator lamp ② are respectively grounded.

[0046] The lithium battery supplies power for the two 4W radio frequency power amplifiers, the Sub-1G MCU1 and the Sub-1G MCU2 through the physical button.

[0047] Preferably, it further comprises: determining the through-the-earth communication depth D:

[0048]

[0049] Wherein, S is the through-the-earth depth of electromagnetic wave propagation in the medium; f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave; σ is the conductivity of the medium; and u is the magnetic conductivity of the medium.

[0050] Preferably, after obtaining the networking information, it comprises:

[0051] When the wireless transceivers are successfully registered, the wireless initiator obtains three parameters of each transceiver, and constructs a networking health coefficient, wherein the three parameters are: a transmission power value, a receiving level value and a battery voltage.

[0052] Preferably, as Figure 2The diagram shown is a network diagram of a ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonator, which mainly includes: a ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonator, a soil-filled hole transceiver, a surface wireless repeater, and a remote wireless detonator.

[0053] like Figure 3 The diagram shows the hardware block diagram of a wireless electronic detonator. Its working principle is as follows: The MCU is a low-power microcontroller. First, during downlink communication, it analyzes the 0.1 digital pulse signal generated by the first low-frequency demodulation circuit and identifies it as the corresponding detonation control command. Second, during uplink communication, it generates a 0.1 digital pulse signal from the feedback command and sends it to the first low-frequency modulation circuit. Third, it controls the enable pin of the DC-DC boost converter via GPIO2 and the enable pin of the detonation circuit via GPIO1, completing the charging and detonation process of the wireless electronic detonator module. The low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit is powered by a button battery, modulates and demodulates the 0.1 digital pulse in FSK mode, and transmits and receives it through the first low-frequency antenna. The DC-DC boost converter and detonation control circuit mainly generate the high voltage required for detonator charging and ignites the ignition resistor in the detonator module according to the detonation command.

[0054] like Figure 4 The diagram shows the hardware block diagram of the transceiver, and its working principle is as follows: First, it communicates with the underground wireless electronic detonator through a second low-frequency antenna; second, it communicates with the surface wireless repeater through a Sub-1G high-frequency antenna; third, its diameter is the same as the borehole, and it can be used for backfilling. The functions of the second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit and the second low-frequency antenna are the same as those of the ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonator; the Sub-1G MCU is the communication bridge. During downlink communication, it converts the Sub-1G wireless signal from the surface wireless repeater into a 0.1 digital pulse signal and sends it to the low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit; during uplink communication, it sends the 0.1 digital pulse signal to the surface wireless repeater through the Sub-1G wireless signal. The transceiver's status indicator light can visually show whether the communication connection between the transceiver and the electronic detonator is normal. Based on intrinsic safety design considerations, the transceiver's physical button can cut off the system power.

[0055] like Figure 5As shown, it is a hardware block diagram of the wireless repeater, and the working principle is as follows: the wireless transceiver is connected through the Sub-1G high-frequency antenna 1; the wireless initiator is connected through the Sub-1G high-frequency antenna 2. The repeater is placed in the central explosion area, one set of 4W Sub-1G communication system (Sub-1G MCU1 plus 4W radio frequency power amplifier) can cover the explosion area of thousands of meters, and can simultaneously connect thousands of transceivers, so as to realize the networking and blasting of large-band load capacity transparent ground wireless electronic detonator. In addition, another set of 4W Sub-1G communication system (Sub-1G MCU2 plus 4W radio frequency power amplifier) in the repeater can connect the wireless initiator 2 kilometers away, so as to realize remote wireless initiation control and ensure the safety of the construction personnel. Because the power of the repeater is large, a lithium battery with large capacity is used. The communication state indicator light 1 of the repeater shows the communication state of the repeater and the transceiver; the communication state indicator light 2 of the repeater shows the communication state of the repeater and the wireless initiator. Based on the intrinsic safety design consideration, the physical button of the repeater can cut off the system power. The remote wireless initiator is placed 2 kilometers away from the explosion area, and the networking and blasting of the transparent ground wireless electronic detonator are completed by the operation control of the blasting construction personnel.

[0056] In this embodiment, u=4π×10 -7 , assuming that the blasting construction area is wet soil with high conductivity, σ=0.02 (S / m), and the low-frequency electromagnetic wave with f=10KHz is used for transparent ground communication, the transparent ground depth S=35 meters at this time, in addition, considering the complex construction environment, the efficiency of the low-frequency antenna is close to 50%, therefore, the reliable transparent ground communication depth is estimated: D=S / 2=17.5 meters.

[0057] The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the small-sized and low-power transparent ground wireless electronic detonator, through low-frequency short-distance transparent ground communication, omits the large-power transmitter and large-area antenna, provides a lot of convenient conditions for blasting construction, the small-sized and low-power transceiver not only realizes the communication connection of the transparent ground electronic detonator and the repeater, but also can fill the hole for the blast hole, the 4W wireless repeater not only realizes the large-band load capacity control of the transparent ground wireless electronic detonator, but also can enlarge the communication distance with the wireless initiator to 2 kilometers.

[0058] The application provides a networking implementation method of a transparent ground wireless electronic detonator, and the method comprises the following steps of:

[0059] According to the type of the stratum medium of the explosion area, the conductivity and permeability of the medium are determined, and the transparent ground communication depth D is calculated;

[0060] The blasting effect requirement is analyzed to obtain the blasting fragmentation degree, blasting range and vibration control requirement;

[0061] The topography of the blasting area is obtained based on three-dimensional laser technology, and the slope distribution of the topography, the actual boundary form of the blasting area are determined, and the blasting area is divided into several sub-areas in combination with the blasting range, and the obstacle distribution of the topography is obtained;

[0062] The effective communication depth of the sub-area with a slope of θ is determined And vmax≤v0, vmax is the maximum allowed vibration speed determined based on vibration control requirements; v0 is the reference vibration speed; e is a constant, and the value is 2.7;

[0063] The effective blasting area A of the i-th sub-area is determined i =S i -A obs,i , and the total effective area A of the blasting area is determined, wherein S i is the actual area of the i-th sub-area; A obs,i is the occupied area of the i-th sub-area by obstacles;

[0064] According to the type of explosive, the single-hole charge Q and the blast hole diameter d, combined with the type of stratum medium in the blasting area, the reference single-hole blasting area a0 is calculated Wherein, k0 is a basic coefficient related to the explosive power; σ0 is the reference conductivity; d0 is the reference diameter related to the basic coefficient;

[0065] Based on the topographic correction coefficient k θ , the humidity correction coefficient k w and the correction coefficient k b based on the blasting fragmentation degree, a0 is corrected to obtain the corrected area a1=a0×k θ ×k w ×k b , and

[0066] According to the blasting uniformity coefficient k01, the depth adaptation coefficient k02 and the form adaptation coefficient k03, the number of blast holes N is determined;

[0067] Wherein, D θi,v is the effective communication depth of the i-th sub-area; n0 represents the number of sub-areas; is the maximum value in all D θi,v ;

[0068] Wherein, is the upward rounding symbol;

[0069] At the same time, for each sub-area, the sub-area hole number constraint should be met: Where Li is the maximum length of the i-th sub-region; Wi is the maximum width of the i-th sub-region; d1 and d2 are the minimum borehole spacing based on the length direction and the minimum borehole spacing based on the width direction, respectively; N1 i N2 i The number of constraint holes in the i-th sub-region based on length and width;

[0070] Adaptive arrangement is performed based on the constraints of N and the number of holes in the sub-region.

[0071] In this embodiment, k0, σ0, and d0 are calibration parameters based on the type of explosive and engineering experience.

[0072] In this embodiment, the blasting effect requirement is a set of objectives that the engineering project expects the blasting to achieve, which needs to be broken down into three aspects: fragmentation degree, range, and vibration control.

[0073] In this embodiment, the blasting fragmentation degree refers to the size of the media (rock, soil, etc.) after blasting. It is defined in advance through project design documents and technical briefings. For example, the plan may specify that the blasting needs to be medium-fragmented, with the size of the fragments controlled between 0.5 and 1 m.

[0074] In this embodiment, the blasting range is the boundary of the area to be covered by the blasting action. For example, to demolish a 10m × 10m building, with an allowable fracture extension of 0.5m, the blasting range is 10.5m × 10.5m. The boundary line is demarcated using a total station and GPS and marked on-site.

[0075] In this embodiment, the vibration control requirement is the maximum permissible velocity of the blasting vibration on the surrounding protected objects (buildings, pipelines, etc.). By consulting the blasting safety regulations and combining the type of protected object and the distance, the permissible value is determined. For example, for a brick-concrete building 20m away from the blasting zone, vmax is taken as 1.5cm / s.

[0076] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional laser technology is a technology that uses laser emission and reflection signals to quickly acquire three-dimensional terrain data of a region. A three-dimensional laser scanner is used to set up scanning stations around the blasting area, and after scanning in all directions, a three-dimensional model is generated based on the point cloud data. By performing slope analysis on the three-dimensional model, a slope distribution map is generated and the area is divided.

[0077] The actual boundary shape of the blast zone is the actual shape of the outer contour of the blast zone (such as an irregular polygon, containing depressions / protrusions).

[0078] In this embodiment, the sub-region is a small area that is divided into blasting zones to adapt to the terrain and blasting requirements. It is manually or automatically divided on the three-dimensional terrain model in combination with the blasting range so that the terrain and requirements within the sub-region are relatively consistent.

[0079] In this embodiment, the obstacle distribution is the position and range of the objects affecting the blasting in the blast area, such as large rocks, existing structures, pipelines, etc. The three-dimensional laser point cloud identifies the obstacles, or the underground obstacles are detected by manual investigation or geological radar, and the distribution map is drawn.

[0080] In this embodiment, the greater the slope θ, the shorter the effective path of the vertical component of the electromagnetic wave; the more stringent the vibration control, the smaller the value of vmax, the more stringent the depth limit, and the nonlinear response is fitted through a logarithmic relationship.

[0081] In this embodiment, the stronger the explosive power, the greater k0, and the emulsion explosive takes 1.0-1.2, and the ammonium oil explosive takes 0.8-1.0.

[0082] In this embodiment, the hole diameter d is set according to the blasting requirements, and different requirements correspond to different radii.

[0083] In this embodiment, the humidity affects the medium density, and k0 w takes a value of 0.9-0.95 (humidity greater than 30%) under high humidity, otherwise, the value is 1.

[0084] In this embodiment, the higher the degree of fragmentation, the greater the coefficient, the fine crushing takes 1.1-1.2, the medium crushing takes 1.0, and the coarse crushing takes 0.8-0.9. The value of 0.9-0.95 is taken to ensure the uniformity of blasting, which is determined in advance according to experimental data.

[0085] The correction of irregularity of the blast area shape is that the near-regular rectangle takes 1.05, and the severe irregularity takes 1.15, which are pre-set, for example, the blast area shape is relatively regular, and k03=1.05 is taken.

[0086] In this embodiment, the sub-region hole number constraint is to ensure uniform arrangement of blast holes in each sub-region and avoid local over-dense / over-sparse, wherein d1=d2=1.5m is pre-set according to experience.

[0087] Adaptive arrangement is to reasonably arrange the position, spacing, and depth of blast holes in each sub-region according to the total number of holes N and the sub-region hole number constraint. Based on the blasting design software, the blast area terrain, sub-region, and obstacle data are imported, the hole number constraint is input, and the arrangement scheme is automatically generated for manual checking to ensure that the blast hole depth is ≤ the effective communication depth, the spacing meets the uniformity and avoids obstacles.

[0088] For example: terrain and blasting effect adaptive arrangement of blast hole parameters:

[0089] Diameter: The blast hole diameter is consistent with the diameter of the transceiver, with a deviation controlled within ±0.5mm to ensure that the transceiver can realize the filling of the hole;

[0090] Depth: For sub-regions with a slope of θ and vibration constraints, the actual depth of the blast hole is ≥D θ,v+50mm (reserved explosive loading space), and no more than Dmax;

[0091] Arrangement and spacing:

[0092] Slope θ≤15° and no special vibration requirement area: according to the demand of blasting crushing degree, the arrangement mode is selected (quincunx arrangement is used to improve the crushing uniformity for fine crushing requirement, and rectangular arrangement is used to optimize energy diffusion for coarse crushing requirement), and the spacing between adjacent blast holes is set to 1.5-3m;

[0093] Slope θ>15° area: adjust the blast hole arrangement along the contour direction, and correct the adjacent blast hole spacing to d×cosθ, to ensure that the slope projection spacing meets the design requirements, wherein d is the adjacent blast hole spacing;

[0094] Obstacle-containing area: re-plan the hole position 500mm outside the obstacle to ensure that the transceiver and repeater communication are not blocked, and the blasting energy can effectively avoid the obstacle;

[0095] Special protection area boundary: combined with the blasting range accuracy requirement, the blast hole spacing is reduced to 1.2-2.5m to enhance the boundary blasting accuracy and control;

[0096] Different crushing degree area: the fine crushing requirement area is based on k b The modification of the blasting action area appropriately reduces the blast hole spacing to increase the number of holes and improve the crushing density; the coarse crushing requirement area appropriately increases the blast hole spacing to optimize the blasting resource allocation.

[0097] The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: by analyzing the blasting requirements, combining the terrain and obstacle information obtained by the three-dimensional laser technology, and performing multi-factor accurate modification and quantitative calculation on the blast hole communication depth, blasting area, and single-hole action area, while the arrangement uniformity is ensured by the sub-area hole number constraint, the accurate determination and adaptive arrangement of the number of blast holes under complex terrain and blasting requirements are finally realized, which not only ensures the communication reliability of the through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator networking, but also accurately matches the blasting crushing degree, range and vibration control requirements, and significantly improves the intelligent design level and implementation effect of the blasting engineering.

[0098] The present application provides a networking implementation method of a through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator, which performs function detection on each wireless transceiver, including:

[0099] The intelligent detection terminal automatically triggers the corresponding wireless transceiver M1 power-on and periodic detection through the relay, and uses a high-definition camera to capture the on-off state and color change of the communication status indicator light to construct a change matrix Wherein, (g1,y1)1, (gt,yt)1 respectively represent the on-off state and color change at the first time and the tth time after the first power-on; (g1,y1)M1 , (gt, yt) M1 respectively represent the on-off state and color change at the first time, the tth time after the M1th time of turning on; g is related to the on-off state, and y is related to the color change;

[0100] The first abnormal element marking is performed on each column vector in the change matrix BJ, and the second abnormal element marking is performed on each row vector, and periodic abnormal distribution is counted according to the marking results;

[0101] The periodic abnormal distribution is matched with the change table to determine whether the power loop is normal;

[0102] If normal, the output voltage Vout of the second button cell is monitored in real time, and the battery internal resistance Rint is determined to evaluate the health degree of the second button cell The battery health level is determined, wherein Vrated is the rated voltage of the battery, and Re is the rated resistance of the battery;

[0103] When the battery health level is less than a preset level or the power loop is not normal, the second button cell is replaced.

[0104] In this embodiment, the intelligent detection terminal is a device with automatic control, data acquisition and analysis capabilities, such as an integrated single-chip microcomputer.

[0105] In this embodiment, the relay is an automatic electrical device that controls the on-off of the circuit, and is used to trigger the power-on of the transceiver. M1 power-on is multiple times, such as M1 = 5, triggering the power-on of the transceiver to obtain multiple groups of data.

[0106] In this embodiment, periodic detection is detection according to a fixed period, such as 15 seconds, and each interval of 1 second is regarded as a detection time, covering different time points after power-on.

[0107] In this embodiment, the high-definition camera is a high-resolution camera, which is fixed at a distance of 10 centimeters in front of the transceiver and focuses on the indicator area.

[0108] In this embodiment, in the change matrix BJ, g = represents on, g = 0 represents off, y = 1 represents red, and y = represents green.

[0109] In this embodiment, the first abnormal element marking is to mark elements in the column vector that do not conform to the normal state. For example, the indicator should be on (g = 1) at a certain time under normal circumstances. If g = 0 exists in the column, the element is marked as abnormal.

[0110] In this embodiment, the second abnormal element marking is to mark elements in the row vector that do not conform to the normal state. For example, the color should change from red to green after power-on under normal circumstances. If the color change in the row does not conform, it is marked as abnormal.

[0111] In this embodiment, the periodic abnormal distribution is whether the distribution of the statistical abnormal elements in the time and power-on times dimensions is periodic, such as every 2 power-on, every 1 time abnormality.

[0112] The change control table is a pre-prepared indicator light state distribution-power supply circuit state (normal / fault) corresponding table, for example, the table stipulates that the abnormality of the indicator light at the 2nd time after 2 consecutive power-on is turned on and off → the power supply circuit is faulty.

[0113] In this embodiment, the preset level is a pre-set health qualified threshold, which is pre-set and has a value of 0.6.

[0114] The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are: through automatic control of the intelligent terminal, matrix capture of the indicator light state by the high-definition camera, combined with abnormal distribution matching and comprehensive detection of the voltage and internal resistance of the battery, the wireless transceiver power supply circuit and the button battery are automatically and accurately detected; both the subjectivity and inefficiency of manual detection are avoided, and the reliability of the power supply system is evaluated in multiple dimensions, providing a stable power supply basis for the communication and detonation function of the transparent wireless electronic detonator networking.

[0115] The present application provides a networking implementation method of a transparent wireless electronic detonator, after obtaining the networking information, comprising:

[0116] Based on the wireless initiator reading the networking information, the quantitative evaluation factors are extracted, wherein the quantitative evaluation factors include: the ratio S1 of the actual number of registered transceivers to the theoretical number N, the average normalized value S2 of the communication signal strength of each transceiver and wireless repeater, and the ratio S3 of the number of transceivers with normal binding state to the total number of registered transceivers;

[0117] Determine the networking health coefficient JX based on S1, S2 and S3;

[0118] When JX is greater than or equal to h1, it is determined that the networking state is excellent, at this time, based on the wireless initiator, part of the transceivers are automatically selected to simulate the detonation command, and after verifying that the communication delay and the execution response are normal, the detonation control stage is entered;

[0119] When h1 is less than JX and JX is less than or equal to h2, it is determined that the networking state is qualified, at this time, the results less than the corresponding set threshold are selected from S1, S2 and S3, wherein h1 and h2 are set health thresholds.

[0120] If S1 is less than the corresponding set threshold, the wireless initiator automatically sends a networking registration wake-up command to all unregistered transceivers, triggering the unregistered transceivers to re-initiate the networking registration request.

[0121] If S2 is less than the corresponding set threshold, adjust the wireless repeater working channel to the Sub-1G frequency band with smaller interference, and start the beam forming technology to enhance the signal coverage strength of the low RSSI transceiver.

[0122] If S3 is less than the corresponding set threshold, send the binding state self-repair instruction to the failed transceiver, and automatically re-initiate the ID binding process with the corresponding electronic detonator.

[0123] When JX < h1, it is determined that the networking state is an abnormal state, at which time the standby repeater is switched to.

[0124] In this embodiment, the networking information includes transceiver registration, communication signal, and networking associated data such as the binding relationship with the electronic detonator.

[0125] In this embodiment, the networking health coefficient JX is obtained by weighting calculation of the quantitative indicators S1, S2, and S3 and the corresponding weight of each quantitative indicator, which is matched according to S1, S2, and S3 from a three-dimensional quantitative indicator-weight table. The table contains the values of different combinations of quantitative indicators and the weights for the combinations, and the weight of the three-dimensional quantitative indicator is 1. For example, S1, S2, and S3 are 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7, respectively, at which time the weights are 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6, respectively.

[0126] In this embodiment, the health threshold is the critical value for dividing the networking state, such as h1 = 0.85 and h2 = 0.95.

[0127] The simulation initiation instruction is a test instruction (verify communication / response, not actually ignite) sent to part of the transceivers, and part of the general setting is to select 10% of the registered transceivers.

[0128] The communication delay refers to the time for the transceiver to feedback after receiving the instruction (such as ≤50ms is normal).

[0129] The execution response is whether the transceiver feedbacks as expected (such as returning ready) after receiving the instruction.

[0130] The initiation control phase is the process phase of formally initiating the electronic detonator initiation.

[0131] In this embodiment, thresholds are set for S1, S2, and S3, such as S1 threshold 0.9, S2 threshold 0.85, and S3 threshold 0.9, and the factors that do not meet the thresholds are found, and the thresholds are all set in advance.

[0132] In this embodiment, the unregistered transceiver is a transceiver that should be registered but has not accessed the network.

[0133] The networking registration wake-up instruction is a signal for triggering the unregistered transceiver to re-register.

[0134] In this embodiment, the working channel is the frequency band used by wireless communication (such as 433MHz in Sub-1G).

[0135] Sub-1G band: <1GHz band, suitable for ground-penetrating communication (good diffraction / transmission).

[0136] Beamforming technology: Adjust the phase of the antenna array to concentrate the signal on the low RSSI transceiver, enhance the coverage, specifically: Through the communication interaction between the wireless repeater and the low RSSI transceiver, the position information and the multipath phase characteristics of the current communication channel of the transceiver are obtained; Based on the position information, the spatial phase difference of each unit of the antenna array relative to the reference unit is calculated, and the multipath compensation phase is determined combined with the multipath phase characteristics to make the multipath components of the antenna array transmit signal at the low RSSI transceiver in phase superposition, and finally the optimal phase adjustment parameter is obtained and loaded to the phase shifter of the antenna array to enhance the signal coverage strength of the transceiver.

[0137] In this embodiment, the wireless repeater collects the RSSI value of each transceiver in real time, and if the RSSI of a certain transceiver is continuously lower than -70dBm (preset reliable threshold), it is determined as a low RSSI transceiver.

[0138] Communication interaction is the bidirectional data exchange between the wireless repeater and the low RSSI transceiver, which is used to obtain key information. The wireless repeater sends an information query frame (containing an identity verification code) to the low RSSI transceiver, and the transceiver receives it and returns a response frame through the Sub-1G high-frequency antenna, completing the interaction.

[0139] In this embodiment, the position information is the spatial coordinates of the low RSSI transceiver relative to the antenna array of the wireless repeater, including horizontal distance and vertical depth.

[0140] In this embodiment, the multipath phase characteristics are the phase difference characteristics of the signals of each path in the propagation process of electromagnetic waves from the wireless repeater to the low RSSI transceiver due to the reflection and refraction of the uneven stratum medium, forming multiple propagation paths. The wireless repeater sends a reference signal with a known phase to the low RSSI transceiver, such as a 433MHz frequency, 0° phase sine signal. The transceiver receives it and returns the phase change data of the signal. The repeater analyzes the phase difference distribution of the multipath signal through the least squares (LS) channel estimation algorithm. For example, the reference signal propagates to the transceiver through the direct path with a phase delay of 30°, and through the sand-soil interface reflection path with a phase delay of 190°. The multipath phase characteristics show a phase difference of 160° between the two paths.

[0141] The antenna array is a collection of multiple antenna units on the wireless repeater for signal transmission. The repeater in the file contains Sub-1G high-frequency antennas ① and ②. Here, it specifically refers to the array of antenna ① that communicates with the transceiver. For example, the antenna ① array of the wireless repeater is composed of 3 antenna units with a unit spacing of 0.3m (adapted to the wavelength of the Sub-1G band).

[0142] Reference unit is a reference antenna unit in the antenna array, used to calculate the phase difference of other units, usually the unit at the geometric center of the array, to ensure the calculation symmetry.

[0143] Spatial phase difference is the phase difference value of each non-reference unit in the antenna array relative to the reference unit when transmitting signals to the low RSSI transceiver due to the difference in propagation distance. According to the position information of the low RSSI transceiver, the distance difference Ad between each non-reference unit and the reference unit to the transceiver is calculated, and then combined with the communication signal wavelength ur (Sub-1G frequency band 433MHz, ur≈0.693m), For example, the low RSSI transceiver position is known, the distance from the first unit (non-reference) of the antenna array to the transceiver is 0.173m farther than the reference unit, and ur=0.693m, then the spatial phase difference is 1.57 rad (about 90°).

[0144] Multipath compensation phase is an additional phase adjustment value set for the antenna array to offset the phase deviation of non-direct path signals in the multipath phase characteristics, ensuring that all path signals arrive at the low RSSI transceiver with consistent phase. Specifically, the phase deviation of each non-direct path relative to the direct path is extracted The multipath compensation phase value is If there are multiple non-direct paths, take the maximum absolute value of the deviation Calculate the compensation value, and preferentially offset the main interference.

[0145] The antenna array transmission signal is a Sub-1G frequency band signal transmitted by the wireless repeater to the low RSSI transceiver through the antenna array, such as a digital signal with a transmission frequency of 433MHz and a modulation method of FSK (Frequency Shift Keying), containing transceiver ID, communication check code, etc.

[0146] Multipath component is a signal component of the antenna array transmission signal that reaches the low RSSI transceiver through different propagation paths (direct, reflected, refracted), such as a part of the transmission signal that directly penetrates the soil to reach the transceiver (direct component), and another part that reaches the transceiver after being reflected by underground rocks (reflected component), both of which are multipath components.

[0147] In-phase superposition is when different multipath components arrive at the low RSSI transceiver with consistent phase, and the signal amplitude is superimposed linearly, such as after adjustment, the direct component phase is 30°, the reflected component phase is 32°, the phase difference is 2°, and the superimposed signal amplitude is the sum of the amplitudes of the two components, rather than being weakened by each other.

[0148] The optimal phase adjustment parameter is the final phase setting value that makes the antenna array transmit signals to achieve in-phase superposition of multipath components at the low RSSI transceiver, and needs to meet the spatial phase difference compensation and multipath phase difference cancellation at the same time. Specifically, the spatial phase difference and the multipath compensation phase are added to obtain the initial phase adjustment value of each antenna unit, and then the built-in algorithm of the repeater Sub-1G MCU1 is fine-tuned to maximize the RSSI value fed back by the low RSSI transceiver. At this time, the phase value is the optimal parameter. For example, the initial phase adjustment value of a certain antenna unit is 90° (spatial phase difference) + (-160°) (multipath compensation phase) = -70°, and after fine-tuning, the optimal value is determined to be -72°, at which time the transceiver RSSI is improved from -75 dBm to -65 dBm. The phase shifter is a component integrated in the wireless repeater antenna array, which is used to receive the optimal phase adjustment parameter and accurately adjust the phase of the transmission signal of each antenna unit.

[0149] The effect of adjusting the phase of the antenna array is that through the communication interaction between the wireless repeater and the low RSSI transceiver, the key information of position and multipath phase is accurately obtained, and then combined with the spatial phase difference calculation and the multipath compensation phase design, the problem of multipath phase interference caused by the unevenness of the stratum medium in the through-the-earth communication is solved, so that the antenna array transmit signals achieve in-phase superposition at the low RSSI transceiver, significantly improve the signal coverage strength of the low RSSI transceiver, and ensure the stable communication between it and the repeater, providing key support for the binding reliability and initiation control safety of the through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator network.

[0150] In this embodiment, the binding failure is the abnormal ID binding relationship between the transceiver and the electronic detonator.

[0151] The binding state self-repairing instruction is an instruction for triggering the transceiver to re-bind with the electronic detonator.

[0152] The standby repeater is a redundant device when the main repeater fails.

[0153] The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are that through quantifying the three types of factors of registration, signal and binding and grading the network health degree, the abnormal conditions such as registration loss, weak signal and binding failure are automatically executed to wake up registration, channel optimization and binding repair, and the standby repeater can also be switched, realizing the intelligent evaluation and self-healing maintenance of the through-the-earth wireless electronic detonator network, and greatly improving the network reliability and initiation safety.

[0154] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for networking ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonators, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Drilling blast holes: Based on the blasting zone environment and the required blasting effect, drill N blast holes according to the diameter of the transceiver. Step 2: Preparation Stage: Select N electronic detonators and N transceivers based on the number of blast holes. Perform a single-shot function test on each electronic detonator. If the function is normal, load it with explosives and place the detonator with explosives deep into the blast hole. Perform a function test on each wireless transceiver. If the function is normal, bind it to the electronic detonator in the blast hole by ID. At this time, the transceiver communicates with the electronic detonator at low frequency until all N transceivers are successfully bound to N electronic detonators. Then, use the transceivers to fill the blast hole with soil and proceed to the next stage. Step 3: Network testing: Power on the wireless repeater and all wireless transceivers. The wireless repeater communicates with N transceivers through the first system and registers with the wireless detonator network. After the remote wireless detonator is powered on, it communicates with the wireless repeater through the second system to obtain network information and complete the network testing process of the ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonator. Step 4: Detonation Control: After completing the network detection process, charging and detonation commands are issued based on the wireless detonator to control the entire ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonator network to carry out detonation operations.

2. The networking method for ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hardware structure of the electronic detonator includes: a first low-frequency antenna, a first low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit, an MCU, a first button battery, an initiation control circuit, a DC-DC boost converter, and an ignition resistor for the detonator module. The first low-frequency antenna is communicatively connected to the first low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit. The first low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit communicates bidirectionally with the MCU. The first button battery supplies power to the MCU, the DC-DC boost converter, and the first low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit. The MCU is unidirectionally connected to the detonation control circuit and the DC-DC boost converter. The DC-DC boost converter is unidirectionally connected to the detonation control circuit. The detonation control circuit is unidirectionally connected to the ignition resistor of the detonator module.

3. The networking method for ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hardware structure of the transceiver includes: a second low-frequency antenna, a second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit, a second button battery, a Sub-1G MCU, physical buttons, a communication status indicator light, and a Sub-1G high-frequency antenna; The second low-frequency antenna is communicatively connected to the second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit. The second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit communicates bidirectionally with the Sub-1G MCU. The second button battery powers the second low-frequency modulation and demodulation circuit and the Sub-1G MCU. The Sub-1G high-frequency antenna is communicatively connected to the Sub-1G MCU. The second button battery is connected to the Sub-1G MCU via a physical button. The Sub-1G MCU is connected to the positive terminal of the communication status indicator light, and the negative terminal of the communication status indicator light is grounded.

4. The networking method for ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hardware structure of the wireless repeater includes: a Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ①, a Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ②, two 4W RF power amplifiers, a Sub-1G MCU1, a Sub-1G MCU2, a communication status indicator ①, a communication status indicator ②, physical buttons, and a lithium battery; The Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ① is connected to a wireless transceiver and a 4W radio frequency power amplifier. The 4W radio frequency power amplifier is connected to a Sub-1G MCU1. The Sub-1G MCU1 is connected to the positive terminal of the communication status indicator ① and a Sub-1G MCU2. The Sub-1G MCU2 is connected to the Sub-1G MCU1, another 4W radio frequency power amplifier, and the positive terminal of the communication status indicator ②. The Sub-1G high-frequency antenna ② is connected to a wireless detonator and another 4W radio frequency power amplifier. The negative terminals of the communication status indicator ① and the communication status indicator ② are grounded respectively. The lithium battery supplies power to two 4W RF power amplifiers, Sub-1G MCU1, and Sub-1G MCU2 via physical buttons.

5. The networking method for ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonators according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Determine the depth D for through-ground communication: Where S is the depth of electromagnetic wave propagation in the medium; f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave; σ is the conductivity of the medium; and u is the magnetic permeability of the medium.

6. The networking method for ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonators according to claim 1, characterized in that, After obtaining the network topology information, including: Once all wireless transceivers have successfully registered, the wireless detonator acquires three parameters from each transceiver to construct a network health coefficient. These three parameters are: transmit power value, receive level value, and battery voltage.

7. The networking method for ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonator includes: ground-penetrating wireless electronic detonator, soil-filled hole transceiver, surface wireless repeater, and remote wireless detonator.

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