Experimental device and method for measuring internal spatial characteristics of rock fracture

Abstract

The invention relates to an experimental device and method for measuring internal spatial characteristics of rock fractures, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering survey. The device comprises a bearing base, a bearing platform, a rock moving device, a rock clamping device, an LED lamp and a monitoring camera. Rock is driven to move in the length direction of the platform through the moving device, clamping and multi-angle rotation of the rock are achieved through the clamping device, and image data of cracks at different positions and angles are obtained in combination with the adjustable light source and the image collecting device. According to the method, a three-dimensional space structure of the fracture is reconstructed based on an acquired image sequence. According to the method, non-destructive and multi-dimensional fine observation of rock fractures is achieved, the defect that a traditional method can only obtain two-dimensional information or is complex in operation and not easy to popularize is overcome, the method has the advantages of being easy and convenient to operate, wide in applicability and high in reliability, and an effective technical means is provided for accurate description and engineering stability evaluation of fractured rock mass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering surveying technology, and relates to an experimental device and method for measuring the internal spatial characteristics of rock fissures. Background Technology

[0002] Rock fissures are a type of weak structural surface formed in rock masses under stress, and they have a significant impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass. Accurately obtaining the internal spatial characteristic parameters of fissures, such as their attitude, trace length, roughness, and opening, is crucial for preventing reservoir water seepage, slope instability, and underground engineering disasters. Currently, common methods for measuring rock fissures mainly fall into two categories: one is surface measurement based on two-dimensional geological profiles. While this method is simple to operate, it can only obtain two-dimensional information about the fissure on a certain exposed surface, making it difficult to accurately reflect its three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics, thus limiting the understanding of the actual morphology and extension patterns of the fissures; the other is through injection of epoxy resin followed by curing and then cutting and sampling, or through three-dimensional observation using equipment such as optical profilometers and CT scans. While these methods can obtain internal information, they generally suffer from problems such as cumbersome processes, high requirements for sample size and equipment environment, high costs, and difficulty in field application. Especially for through-type fractures, the existing technology lacks a dedicated experimental device that can achieve accurate observation and three-dimensional reconstruction from multiple angles and locations without damage, which limits the further development and improvement of the application effect of fracture fine description technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device that is structurally reasonable, easy to operate, applicable to rock samples of different sizes, and can effectively protect the original structure of the fracture, so as to fill the gap in the field of non-contact precision measurement of internal fractures in medium and large rock specimens.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] This invention relates to an experimental apparatus and method for measuring the internal spatial characteristics of rock fissures. The experimental apparatus includes a load-bearing base, a load-bearing platform fixedly connected to the load-bearing base, a rock moving device disposed on the load-bearing platform for driving the rock to move along the length of the platform, a rock clamping device disposed between the rock moving devices for clamping and rotating the rock sample, an LED light disposed on the top of the apparatus for providing adjustable illumination, and a monitoring camera disposed on the load-bearing platform for recording the experimental process.

[0006] Optionally, the rock moving device includes a first rotating handle disposed on the side of the load-bearing platform, a first nut threadedly connected to the first rotating handle, a first transmission rod connected to the first nut for converting rotational motion into linear motion, a first lead screw fixedly connected to the first transmission rod for transmitting torque, a slider sleeved on the first lead screw for moving along the axial direction of the first lead screw, a first lateral baffle fixedly connected to the slider for pushing the rock to move, and a first chute disposed inside the load-bearing platform for accommodating the first lead screw and guiding the slider to move.

[0007] Optionally, the first rotating handle drives the first nut by rotation, which in turn drives the first transmission rod and the first lead screw to rotate, causing the slider to move along the axial direction of the first lead screw, thereby pushing the first lateral baffle to move along the length direction of the load-bearing platform.

[0008] Optionally, the rock-clamping device includes a clamping device and a rotating device. The clamping device includes a cross-shaped knob, a second nut threaded to the cross-shaped knob, a second transmission rod connected to the second nut for transmitting rotational motion, a second lead screw fixedly connected to the second transmission rod for driving the movement of the clamping block, and a clamping block disposed on a second lateral baffle for clamping the rock. The rotating device includes a second rotating handle, a third nut threaded to the second rotating handle, a third transmission rod connected to the third nut for transmitting rotational motion, and a rotating disk fixedly connected to the third transmission rod and connected to the second lateral baffle for driving its rotation.

[0009] Optionally, the cross-shaped knob drives the second nut by rotation, which in turn drives the second transmission rod and the second lead screw to rotate, causing the clamping block to move towards or away from each other along the second slide groove, thereby clamping or releasing the rock.

[0010] Optionally, the second rotating handle drives the third nut by rotation, which in turn drives the third transmission rod and the rotating disk to rotate, causing the second lateral baffle and the rock sample on it to rotate around the axis of the rotating disk.

[0011] Optionally, anti-slip pads are provided at the contact points between the clamping block and the rock to enhance clamping stability and prevent the rock from slipping.

[0012] Optionally, the second side baffle is provided with a second sliding groove to guide the movement of the gripping block.

[0013] Optionally, the first lateral baffle has a rotating groove inside to accommodate the rotating disk and the third transmission rod, and to provide rotational guidance.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for measuring the internal spatial characteristics of rock fissures using the above-mentioned experimental apparatus, comprising the following steps: holding a rock sample with a through-fissure by a rock clamping device; turning on an LED light and a monitoring camera to acquire images of the rock sample; rotating the rock sample to different angles by the rock clamping device, and repeating the image acquisition steps at each angle; driving the rock sample to move along the length of the load-bearing platform by a rock moving device, and repeating the rotation and image acquisition steps at each moving position; and reconstructing the internal spatial characteristics of the fissure based on the images acquired at different angles and positions.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] The experimental apparatus and method for measuring the internal spatial characteristics of rock fissures provided by this invention have many significant benefits, mainly reflected in structural design, functional implementation and practical application.

[0017] Firstly, in terms of structural design, the device provides a solid support foundation for the entire measurement system through the stable connection between the load-bearing base and the load-bearing platform. This effectively enhances the overall stability of the equipment, enabling it to support rock samples of a certain weight and size without shifting or vibrating, thus creating favorable conditions for high-precision image acquisition. The rock moving device allows the rock sample to move smoothly and controllably along the length of the platform, facilitating continuous observation of the same fracture from different locations, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods that can only measure at fixed points or in localized areas. The rock gripping device integrates clamping and rotation functions, reliably fixing the rock to prevent slippage or loosening during measurement, while also enabling multi-angle rotation. This allows researchers to comprehensively acquire information on the surface morphology and internal space of the fracture from different perspectives, significantly improving the comprehensiveness of the observations and the richness of the data.

[0018] Secondly, in terms of functionality, the LED lighting system integrated into the top of the device provides an adjustable light source in terms of brightness and color temperature, adapting to the imaging needs of different rock materials and surface features. This effectively improves the lighting conditions in the fracture area, enhances image contrast, and allows the monitoring camera to capture clearer and more accurate fracture details. Combining image acquisition with post-modeling steps, the device achieves an integrated workflow from data acquisition to 3D reconstruction, significantly reducing human error and improving the repeatability and reliability of measurement results. This method acquires multiple sets of image data at different movement positions and rotation angles, providing a sufficient data foundation for reconstructing the 3D spatial structure of the fracture, thus enabling the final fracture model to more realistically and meticulously reflect its actual spatial distribution characteristics.

[0019] Finally, in terms of practical application and promotion, the device has a relatively simple structure and is easy to operate. It requires no complex and expensive specialized equipment or destructive treatment, reducing the technical requirements for the experimental environment and operators, and facilitating its application in ordinary laboratory conditions and even in field settings. Its modular design also makes equipment maintenance and component replacement more convenient, helping to reduce long-term operating costs. In summary, this invention not only solves the problems of cumbersome measurement processes, lack of three-dimensional information, strong equipment dependence, and easy sample damage in existing technologies, but also achieves efficient, comprehensive, and reliable observation and characterization of the internal spatial characteristics of rock fissures without damaging the original structure of the rock sample. This has significant practical value for scientific research and engineering practice in geotechnical engineering surveying, geological disaster prevention, and other related fields.

[0020] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a front view of the rotating device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a top view of the rotating device of the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals: 1-Supporting base, 2-Supporting platform, 3-LED light, 4-Monitoring camera, 5-First rotating handle, 6-First nut, 7-First transmission rod, 8-Slider, 9-First side baffle, 10-First slide groove, 11-First lead screw, 12-Cross-shaped knob, 13-Second nut, 14-Second transmission rod, 15-Second side baffle, 16-Second slide groove, 17-Second lead screw, 18-Clamping block, 19-Second rotating handle, 20-Third nut, 21-Third transmission rod, 22-Rotating slide groove, 23-Rotating disk. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0029] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0030] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] Please see Figures 1-5 The specific implementation of an experimental apparatus for measuring the internal spatial characteristics of rock fissures according to the present invention is as follows:

[0032] The experimental setup mainly consists of a load-bearing base 1, a load-bearing platform 2, LED lights 3, a monitoring camera 4, a rock moving device, and a rock clamping device. The load-bearing platform 2 is a long, narrow structure, with its bottom securely connected to the load-bearing base 1 by welding or bolting, providing a stable support foundation for the entire setup.

[0033] The rock-moving device is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the load-bearing platform 2. This device includes a first rotating handle 5, a first nut 6, a first transmission rod 7, a slider 8, a first lateral baffle 9, a first sliding groove 10, and a first lead screw 11. The first rotating handle 5 is installed on the side of the load-bearing platform 2 and is threadedly connected to the first transmission rod 7 via the first nut 6. The other end of the first transmission rod 7 is fixedly connected to the first lead screw 11, which is housed within the first sliding groove 10 machined along its length inside the load-bearing platform 2. The slider 8 is fitted onto the first lead screw 11 and can move axially along it. The first lateral baffle 9 is fixedly installed above the slider 8. When the operator rotates the first rotating handle 5, the rotational motion is transmitted to the first transmission rod 7 via the first nut 6, which in turn drives the first lead screw 11 to rotate, ultimately driving the slider 8 and the first lateral baffle 9 to move precisely along the length of the load-bearing platform 2.

[0034] The rock clamping device is located between the rock moving devices on both sides and is used to clamp and rotate the rock sample. The device is further divided into a clamping device and a rotating device. The clamping device mainly includes a cross-shaped knob 12, a second nut 13, a second transmission rod 14, a second lateral baffle 15, a second slide groove 16, a second lead screw 17, and clamping blocks 18. The cross-shaped knob 12 is located on the top of the second lateral baffle 15 and is connected to the second transmission rod 14 via the second nut 13. The second transmission rod 14 is fixedly connected to the second lead screw 17, which is installed in the second slide groove 16 inside the second lateral baffle 15. Two clamping blocks 18 are arranged opposite each other on the second lateral baffle 15, and their surfaces in contact with the rock are provided with anti-slip pads to enhance clamping stability and prevent the rock from slipping during operation. When the cross-shaped knob 12 is turned, the second transmission rod 14 and the second lead screw 17 are rotated through the second nut 13, which drives the clamping blocks 18 on both sides to move towards or away from each other along the second slide groove 16, thereby achieving reliable clamping or release of the rock.

[0035] The rotating device mainly includes a second rotating handle 19, a third nut 20, a third transmission rod 21, a rotating groove 22, and a rotating disk 23. The second rotating handle 19 is installed on the side of the first lateral baffle 9 and is threadedly connected to the third transmission rod 21 via the third nut 20. The third transmission rod 21 is fixedly connected to the rotating disk 23, which is housed in the rotating groove 22 inside the first lateral baffle 9, and is also fixedly connected to the second lateral baffle 15. When the second rotating handle 19 is rotated, the rotational motion is transmitted to the third transmission rod 21 via the third nut 20, thereby driving the rotating disk 23 to rotate within the rotating groove 22, ultimately driving the entire second lateral baffle 15 and the rock sample it holds to rotate around the axis of the rotating disk 23, enabling multi-angle observation.

[0036] LED lights 3 are mounted on the top support of the entire experimental setup. Their brightness and color temperature can be adjusted according to the surface characteristics of the actual rock sample and imaging requirements, providing sufficient and suitable lighting conditions for the observation of the fracture area. Monitoring camera 4 is also set at a suitable position above the load-bearing platform 2 to clearly record image information of the rock sample at different positions and angles throughout the process, providing the original data basis for the subsequent reconstruction of the three-dimensional fracture model.

[0037] The operation method of this experimental device includes the following steps: First, the rock containing the through-fissure is processed to a suitable size and placed vertically with the fissure surface facing downwards. The first lateral baffles 9 on both sides are moved to their initial positions by rotating the first rotating handle 5. The rock sample is placed between the two clamping blocks 18, and the cross-shaped knob 12 is rotated to move the clamping blocks 18 towards each other until the rock is firmly clamped. The LED light 3 and monitoring camera 4 are turned on, the lighting is adjusted to the optimal state, and images of the rock in its current state are acquired, with marks made at the relevant positions of the rock sample and the device. Subsequently, the second rotating handle 19 is rotated to rotate the rock by a certain angle, and images are acquired and marked again. Next, the first rotating handle 5 is rotated to move the rock a short distance along the length of the platform, and the above rotation and image acquisition steps are repeated. By acquiring multiple sets of image data at different positions and angles, a structural model that accurately reflects the spatial distribution characteristics inside the fissure can be finally constructed using a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for measuring the spatial characteristics inside rock fissures, characterized in that, include: Load-bearing base (1); The load-bearing platform (2) is fixedly connected to the load-bearing base (1); A rock moving device is installed on the load-bearing platform (2) and is used to drive the rock to move along the length of the platform; A rock gripping device is disposed between the rock moving devices for gripping and rotating the rock sample; LED light (3), located on the top of the device, is used to provide adjustable lighting; A monitoring camera (4) is installed on the load-bearing platform (2) to record the experimental process.

2. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock-moving device includes: The first rotating handle (5) is located on the side of the load-bearing platform (2); The first nut (6) is threadedly connected to the first rotating handle (5); The first transmission rod (7) is connected to the first nut (6) and is used to convert rotational motion into linear motion; The first lead screw (11) is fixedly connected to the first transmission rod (7) and is used to transmit torque; The slider (8) is sleeved on the first lead screw (11) and is used to move along the axial direction of the first lead screw (11); The first lateral baffle (9) is fixedly connected to the slider (8) and is used to push the rock to move; The first slide (10) is located inside the load-bearing platform (2) and is used to accommodate the first lead screw (11) and guide the slider (8) to move.

3. The experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first rotating handle (5) drives the first nut (6) by rotating, which in turn drives the first transmission rod (7) and the first lead screw (11) to rotate, causing the slider (8) to move axially along the first lead screw (11), thereby pushing the first side baffle (9) to move along the length of the load-bearing platform (2).

4. The experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rock-grabbing device includes a clamping device and a rotating device; The clamping device includes: Cross-shaped knob (12); The second nut (13) is threadedly connected to the cross-shaped knob (12); The second transmission rod (14) is connected to the second nut (13) and is used to transmit rotational motion; The second lead screw (17) is fixedly connected to the second transmission rod (14) and is used to drive the clamping block (18) to move. The clamping block (18) is placed on the second side baffle (15) and used to clamp the rock; The rotating device includes: Second rotating handle (19); The third nut (20) is threadedly connected to the second rotating handle (19); The third transmission rod (21) is connected to the third nut (20) and is used to transmit rotational motion; The rotating disk (23) is fixedly connected to the third transmission rod (21) and connected to the second lateral baffle (15) for driving its rotation.

5. The experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross-shaped knob (12) drives the second nut (13) by rotation, which in turn drives the second transmission rod (14) and the second lead screw (17) to rotate, so that the clamping block (18) moves towards or away from each other along the second slide (16) to clamp or release the rock.

6. The experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second rotating handle (19) drives the third nut (20) by rotating, which in turn drives the third transmission rod (21) and the rotating disk (23) to rotate, so that the second side baffle (15) and the rock sample on it rotate around the axis of the rotating disk (23).

7. The experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The clamping block (18) is provided with an anti-slip pad at the contact point with the rock to enhance clamping stability and prevent the rock from slipping.

8. The experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second side baffle (15) has a second sliding groove (16) inside, which is used to guide the movement of the clamping block (18).

9. The experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first lateral baffle (9) has a rotating groove (22) inside, which is used to accommodate the rotating disk (23) and the third transmission rod (21) and provide rotation guidance.

10. A method for measuring the internal spatial characteristics of rock fissures using the experimental apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Clamping: The rock sample with a through-crack is clamped by the rock clamping device; Lighting and image acquisition: Turn on the LED light (3) and the monitoring camera (4) to acquire images of the rock sample; Rotation: The rock sample is rotated to different angles using the rock gripping device, and the illumination and image acquisition steps are repeated at each angle; Movement: The rock sample is moved along the length of the load-bearing platform (2) by the rock moving device, and the rotation step and the lighting and image acquisition step are repeated at each moving position; Modeling: Based on images acquired from different angles and positions, the spatial features inside the fissure are reconstructed.

Images