Evaluation method for ecological risk of microplastics and microfibers in environmental sample

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for evaluating ecological risks of micro-plastics and micro-fibers in an environmental sample, which comprises the following steps of: detecting the types and concentrations of monomers and chemical additives of various micro-plastics or micro-fibers in the environmental sample to obtain chemical hazard grades of the monomers and the additives; quantifying the chemical hazard value of each monomer or additive by combining the chemical hazard grade value and the concentration to obtain the total chemical hazard value of each micro-plastic or micro-fiber; according to the shape, the color, the size and the total chemical hazard value of the weighted micro-plastic or micro-fiber, obtaining an ecological risk value of the corresponding parameter; summing and calculating a total ecological risk value of all parameters; based on a human footprint grade method, ecological risk grades of the micro-plastics and the micro-fibers are formulated, and the ecological risk grades of the micro-plastics or the micro-fibers in the environmental samples are obtained. According to the method, the multidimensional properties of the micro-plastics and the micro-fibers are comprehensively considered, the residual monomers and the chemical additives are incorporated into ecological risk assessment of the micro-plastics and the micro-fibers, and the contribution of the residual monomers and the chemical additives to ecological risks is quantified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geoscience and environmental science, specifically relating to a method for assessing the ecological risks of microplastics and microfibers in environmental samples. Background Technology

[0002] Early studies undifferentiatedly included microfibers within the "microplastics" family, neglecting microfibers made from man-made cellulose materials. Microplastics and microfibers are multidimensional, possessing different chemical compositions (polymers and residual monomers and chemical additives), sizes, shapes, and colors. Therefore, ecological risk assessments of microplastics and microfibers must consider both chemical and physical risks.

[0003] Internationally, the Pollution Load Index (PLI), Pollution Hazard Index (PHI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) are widely used to assess the ecological risk of microplastics in different regions. PLI assesses ecological risk based on the abundance of microplastics. PHI assesses ecological risk based on the polymer type of microplastics. RI combines abundance and polymer type to assess the ecological risk of microplastics. Species Sensitivity Score (SSD) is commonly used to assess the toxicity of microplastics to organisms, enabling risk assessment at the community and even ecosystem level. However, this method is established by integrating toxicity data from microplastics of different sizes, shapes, and polymer types, lacking consistent and comparable toxicity datasets. While some ecological risk assessment methods have considered the chemical risks of microplastics, these methods are based on the chemical hazard level of the monomers used and the proportion of each monomer in the synthesized polymer, which does not reflect the fact that the monomers in microplastics and microfibers have already polymerized and weathered in the environment. Numerous studies have shown that residual chemical additives and monomers have significant toxicological effects on organisms, but current methods for assessing the ecological risk of microplastics do not consider the contribution of these residual chemical additives and monomers. While research has shown that, in addition to abundance and polymer type, the size, shape, and color of microplastics also affect their toxicological effects, no risk assessment method to date has comprehensively considered the multidimensionality of microplastics and microfibers and the weighting of each dimension. The PLI and RI use the same ecological risk classification standards for microplastics as those for heavy metals, while the PHI uses the same standards as for microplastic polymers. All three PLI, RI, and PHI require background values ​​of microplastics as a reference for ecological risk assessment, but there is no globally unified background value, making it difficult to compare ecological risk levels obtained from different study areas. Human stress also affects the ecological risk of microplastics and microfibers; therefore, socioeconomic factors should be fully considered when establishing ecological risk assessment frameworks for microplastics and microfibers. However, currently widely used ecological risk assessment methods for microplastics also fail to consider human stress, potentially leading to ecological risk assessment results that deviate from reality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects and provide a method for assessing the ecological risks of microplastics and microfibers in environmental samples on a large spatial scale. This method quantifies the contribution of residual monomers and residual chemical additives to the ecological risks of microplastics and microfibers, and combines the multidimensionality of microplastics and microfibers (residual monomers and residual chemical additives, size, shape, and color) with human stress. It can be applied to the ecological risk assessment of microplastics and microfibers in environmental samples on a global large spatial scale.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following solution:

[0006] A method for assessing the ecological risk of microplastics and microfibers in environmental samples, the method comprising:

[0007] Detection of the type and concentration of residual monomers and chemical additives in microplastics or microfibers in environmental samples;

[0008] Based on the detected residual monomers and chemical additives, the chemical hazard levels and corresponding chemical hazard level values ​​of various monomers and chemical additives are obtained. The chemical hazard levels are obtained based on established chemical standards. For monomers or chemical additives that have multiple chemical hazard levels in different standards, the cumulative value of their chemical hazard levels is calculated as the total chemical hazard level value of that monomer or chemical additive.

[0009] For each monomer or chemical additive, the product of its total chemical hazard level value and concentration is calculated as the chemical hazard value of that monomer or chemical additive; for the microplastic or microfiber, the sum of the chemical hazard values ​​of all the monomers or chemical additives detected is calculated as the total chemical hazard value of that microplastic or microfiber.

[0010] The shape, color, and size of the microplastics or microfibers are obtained, and the ecological risk values ​​of the total chemical hazard value, shape, color, and size are quantified. The ecological risk values ​​are the values ​​after weighting and standardization.

[0011] The total chemical hazard value, size, shape, and color ecological risk values ​​are summed to obtain the total ecological risk value of microplastics or microfibers.

[0012] The ecological risk levels of microplastics and microfibers are determined based on the human footprint grading method, and the ecological risk levels of microplastics or microfibers in the environmental samples are obtained based on the ecological risk values.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the chemical hazard level and the corresponding chemical hazard value are obtained in the following ways:

[0014] The chemical hazard level of a monomer is determined based on established chemical standards.

[0015] The chemical hazard levels I, II, III, IV, and V correspond to chemical hazard level values ​​of 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10000, respectively.

[0016] Based on one or more chemical hazard levels corresponding to a single monomer, obtain its corresponding total chemical hazard level value.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes pre-determining the type and concentration of residual monomers and chemical additives of a known polymer, and calculating the total chemical hazard value as a preset total chemical hazard value for the polymer.

[0018] When the microplastics or microfibers in the environmental sample are known polymers, their preset total chemical hazard value is used as the total chemical hazard value of the microplastics or microfibers.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the microplastics or microfibers in the environmental sample are synthesized from multiple polymers, the total chemical hazard value of the polymers is weighted and summed based on the synthesis ratio of the multiple polymers, and the weighted sum is used as the total chemical hazard value of the microplastics or microfibers.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes detecting the concentrations of residual monomers and chemical additives of the same polymer in different environmental samples, obtaining the concentration range of each residual monomer or chemical additive, using the median of the concentration range as the concentration of the corresponding monomer or chemical additive, and calculating and updating the preset total chemical hazard value of the polymer.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, the main polymers and their corresponding total chemical hazard values ​​were determined and provided, namely: PE / PVC 100, PVC 99.92, ABS / PC 92.2088, PUR 63.48, CE 60.26, CP 60.26, PSAN 55.88, PS 30.95, PSA 27.06, PS / PPO 26.15, PS-MMA-AN 17.77, PAN 17.39, PMMA 15.45, PES 12.27, PA 0.01676, PC 0.0112, PE 0.05706, PP 0.05775, PE / EVA 0.02129, AR 0.04536, PEEA 0.05459, PET 0.0077, PEM 0.05858, PMA 0.00423, PEU 0.03543, EVA0.00495, PPA 0.084, PEST 0.01051, EPDM 0.02094, EPM 0.05858, PEA / PAM 0.08486, EVOA / EVA 0.00495, PTFE 0, PVL 0, PVS 0.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ecological risk value of the size is obtained based on the following method:

[0023] The maximum size of microplastics or microfibers in any dimension is determined. The quantification results are obtained by standardizing the data according to a quantification ratio of 100:16.7:0.4:0.3 (maximum size < 100 µm : maximum size 100 – 500 µm : maximum size 500 – 1000 µm : maximum size 1000 – 5000 µm = 100 : 16.7 : 0.4 : 0.3, combined with the size weight. In this invention, the weight ratio of total chemical hazard value, size, shape, and color is 100 : 100 : 10 : 10. During standardization, the maximum values ​​of total chemical hazard value, ecological risk value of size, ecological risk value of shape, and ecological risk value of color are limited to 100, 100, 10, and 1, respectively. Standardization is based on scaling the actual value (absolute value) to the maximum value to obtain the quantified value. Standardizing the total chemical hazard value involves processing the actual calculated value of the total chemical hazard value. Standardizing the size, shape, and color involves directly obtaining the quantified value based on the quantification ratio and weight. For example, based on the weight ratio set in this invention, the maximum ecological risk value of size is 100. Therefore, the quantified value of size < 100 µm is 100, and other sizes obtain quantified values ​​according to the quantification ratio.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ecological risk value of the shape is quantified based on the following method:

[0025] For fibrous, fragmented, film-like, granular, and foam-like microplastics or microfibers, the ratios were 10:1.3:4.2×10⁻⁶, respectively. -3 8.4×10 -4 1.6×10 -5 The quantization ratio is standardized by combining the weights of the shapes to obtain the quantization results.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ecological risk value of the color is quantified based on the following method:

[0027] For transparent, blue, black, white, brown, gray, green, red, yellow, purple, and pink microplastics or microfibers, a quantization result was obtained by standardizing the data according to a quantization ratio of 1:0.8174:0.6709:0.4572:0.3754:0.3643:0.3159:0.2907:0.1700:0.1474:0.0718, combined with the color weight.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the weights are determined based on the contribution of residual monomers and chemical additives, size, shape, and color to the ecological risk of microplastics and microfibers. In this invention, the weight ratios for residual monomers and chemical additives (characterized using total chemical hazard values), size, shape, and color are 100:100:10:1.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the microplastics and microfibers include fibrous microplastics, non-fibrous microplastics, and artificial microfibers made of cellulose.

[0030] This invention establishes ecological risk levels for microplastics and microfibers based on human footprint levels in the study area, and then determines the threshold for classifying the comprehensive ecological risk level (specifically defined as the Microplastic-Microfiber Risk Index IMRI). IMRI < 59.25 indicates low risk, 59.25 ≤ IMRI < 225.33 indicates medium risk, 225.33 ≤ IMRI < 512.77 indicates medium-high risk, and IMRI ≥ 512.77 indicates high risk.

[0031] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) This invention takes into account the multidimensionality of microplastics and microfibers, incorporates residual monomers and residual chemical additives into the ecological risk assessment, and quantifies the contribution of residual monomers and residual chemical additives to the ecological risks of microplastics and microfibers.

[0033] (2) This invention distinguishes between microfibers and microplastics and quantifies the contribution of cellulose-based artificial microfibers to ecological risks;

[0034] (3) This invention takes into account socio-economic factors and formulates ecological risk levels for microplastics and microfibers based on the global human footprint (HI) scale. It can be applied to large spatial scales, has global comparability, and does not require background values. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for assessing the ecological risks of microplastics and microfibers in environmental samples. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0037] The terminology used in the embodiments is explained below:

[0038] The Integrated Microplastic-microfiber Risk Index (IMR) is the index provided by this invention for ecological risk assessment.

[0039] The microplastics and microfibers referred to in this invention are plastics or fibers with a maximum size of less than 5 millimeters in any geometric dimension, including fibrous microplastics, non-fibrous microplastics, and artificial microfibers made of cellulose.

[0040] This invention introduces four dimensions—residual monomers and residual chemical additives, size, shape, and color—to construct the IMRI index for microplastics and microfibers. It also provides a method for quantifying the ecological risk contribution of residual monomers and residual chemical additives to microplastics and microfibers. Based on the IMRI index value per unit mass of environmental sample, and based on the global human footprint level, the ecological risk level of microplastics and microfibers is determined. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0041] (1) Collect environmental samples and determine the types and concentrations of residual monomers and chemical additives of all microplastics and microfibers contained in the environmental samples, as well as the size, shape and color of various microplastics and microfibers.

[0042] The concentration of monomers and chemical additives in fibrous microplastic residues is characterized by the concentration of monomers and chemical additives in microplastics and microfibers after weathering in a natural environment, expressed in ppm, mg / kg, or μg / g.

[0043] (2) Based on the measurement results of step (1), quantify the indicators of each dimension.

[0044] The method for quantifying the total chemical hazard value of residual monomers and chemical additives in microplastics and microfibers is as follows:

[0045] Based on the determined types and concentrations of residual monomers and chemical additives in microplastics and microfibers, chemical hazard level values ​​are calculated. Taking a specific type of microplastic as an example, the specific calculation method for its chemical hazard level value is as follows: Based on established standards, the chemical hazard levels of various monomers and chemical additives contained in the microplastic are obtained. If a monomer or chemical additive contained in the microplastic has multiple chemical hazard levels, the cumulative value of its chemical hazard levels is calculated as the total chemical hazard level value of that monomer or chemical additive. In this invention, the chemical hazard level values ​​of monomers or additives of chemical hazard levels I, II, III, IV, and V are 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10000, respectively. If a monomer has a chemical hazard level of V in standard 1 and a chemical hazard level of III in standard 2, then the total chemical hazard level value of that monomer is 10100.

[0046] For each monomer or chemical additive, calculate the product of its total chemical hazard level value and concentration, which is taken as the chemical hazard value of that monomer or chemical additive.

[0047] For all microplastics and microfibers detected in environmental samples, the cumulative chemical hazard values ​​of all monomers or chemical additives contained in each microplastic and microfiber are calculated as the total chemical hazard value of that microplastic or microfiber. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] In the formula: The total chemical hazard value of a specific microplastic or microfiber; The monomers or chemical additives remaining in a certain microplastic or microfiber Total chemical hazard value; Monomers or chemical additives remaining in microplastics or microfibers The concentration (in ppm, mg / kg, or μg / g); This refers to the total amount of monomers and chemical additives remaining in a particular microplastic or microfiber.

[0050] An optional implementation involves pre-determining the type and concentration of residual monomers and chemical additives of a known polymer and calculating the total chemical hazard value; when the microplastics or microfibers in the environmental sample belong to a known polymer, the total chemical hazard value of the known polymer is used as the total chemical hazard value of the microplastics or microfibers.

[0051] When the microplastics or microfibers in the environmental sample are synthesized from multiple polymers, the total chemical hazard value of the polymers is weighted and summed based on the synthesis ratio of the multiple polymers, and the weighted sum is used as the total chemical hazard value of the microplastics or microfibers. In some embodiments of the present invention, the main polymers and their corresponding total chemical hazard values ​​were determined and provided, namely: PE / PVC 100, PVC 99.92, ABS / PC 92.2088, PUR 63.48, CE 60.26, CP 60.26, PSAN 55.88, PS 30.95, PSA 27.06, PS / PPO 26.15, PS-MMA-AN 17.77, PAN 17.39, PMMA 15.45, PES 12.27, PA 0.01676, PC 0.0112, PE 0.05706, PP 0.05775, PE / EVA 0.02129, AR 0.04536, PEEA 0.05459, PET 0.0077, PEM 0.05858, PMA 0.00423, PEU 0.03543, EVA 0.00495, PPA 0.084, PEST 0.01051, EPDM 0.02094, EPM 0.05858, PEA / PAM 0.08486, PTFE 0, PVL 0, PVS 0. The provided values ​​are based on the highest measured total chemical hazard value of PE / PVC (absolute value 132.5275) (relative value 100). The values ​​are standardized based on the total chemical hazard level and concentration of each monomer and chemical additive. Specifically, the relative values ​​of the total chemical hazard values ​​of different polymers are obtained by calculating the ratio of the maximum relative value of 100 to the absolute value of the total chemical hazard value of each polymer to the total chemical hazard value of PE / PVC, and this is used as the quantitative value of the total chemical hazard value.

[0052] This embodiment uses polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a relatively simple monomer and chemical additive, as an example to illustrate the calculation method of the preset value. PMMA contains methyl methacrylate, 2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-hexyloxyphenol, and tetramethyl 2,2′-[1,4-phenylenebis[imino(1-acetyl-2-oxoethane-1,2-diyl)azo]]bisterephthalate.

[0053] Table 1. Calculation of monomers, chemical additives, and total chemical hazard value contained in PMMA.

[0054]

[0055] Based on Table 1, the total chemical hazard value of PMMA is 20.4752, and the total chemical hazard value after standardization is 15.45. Therefore, when PMMA is detected in environmental samples, the total chemical hazard value of its residual monomers and additives is quantified as 15.45.

[0056] For cases where the concentration of certain monomers or additives in microplastics or microfibers is not constant, the concentration of specific monomers or additives in different environmental samples of the microplastic or microfiber can be sampled and tested to determine its concentration range. The median value is then used to calculate the preset total chemical hazard value for the microplastic or microfiber. Although the total chemical hazard value calculated from the measured values ​​is more accurate, it usually differs little from the preset total chemical hazard value. Using the preset total chemical hazard value allows for a faster assessment of the ecological risk of microplastics and microfibers in environmental samples. For example, consider ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA):

[0057] Table 2 Calculation of monomers, chemical additives, and total chemical hazard value included in EVA

[0058]

[0059] The concentration range of vinyl acetate in EVA is 460–3680 mg / kg. In this example, the median value of 2070 mg / kg was used to calculate the total chemical hazard value.

[0060] In this invention, the contribution weight ratio of each dimension of microplastics and microfibers to ecological risk is: monomer or chemical additive (total chemical hazard value): size: shape: color = 100:100:10:1. Using the weights in the ratio as the maximum values ​​of each dimension, the calculated / quantified values ​​of each dimension are standardized to obtain the ecological risk value for each dimension, specifically:

[0061] The ecological risk values ​​for each size of microplastics and microfibers (taking the largest size in any geometric dimension of microplastics or microfibers) are as follows: < 100 µm 100, 100 – 500 µm 16.7, 500 – 1000 µm 0.4, 1000 – 5000 µm 0.3.

[0062] The ecological risk values ​​for different shapes of microplastics and microfibers are as follows: fibrous 10, fragmented 1.3, and film 4.2 × 10⁻⁶. -3 granular 8.4×10 -4 Foamy 1.6×10 -5 .

[0063] The ecological risk values ​​for each color of microplastics and microfibers are as follows: transparent 1, blue 0.8174, black 0.6709, white 0.4572, brown 0.3754, gray 0.3643, green 0.3159, red 0.2907, yellow 0.1700, purple 0.1474, and pink 0.0718.

[0064] The calculation of the total chemical hazard value is based on the above description, using the PE / PVC with the highest measured total chemical hazard value (absolute value 132.5275) as the benchmark, and combining the measured total chemical hazard value with the maximum weight (100) for standardization, or directly using the provided preset value.

[0065] (3) Calculate the IMRI index based on the quantification results of step (2).

[0066] The IMRI index is the sum of the ecological risk values ​​of residual monomers and residual chemical additives, size, shape, and color. It is calculated as follows:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula: IMRI is the comprehensive microplastic-microfiber risk index; Microplastics or microfibers The ecological risk value of the size; Microplastics or microfibers The ecological risk value of the total chemical hazard value (residual monomers and residual chemical additives); Microplastics or microfibers The ecological risk value of the shape; Microplastics or microfibers The ecological risk value of the color; This represents the total number of microplastics and microfibers in the environmental sample. For the quality of environmental samples.

[0069] (4) Based on the human footprint level of the study area, determine the ecological risk level of microplastics and microfibers, and obtain the ecological risk level of microplastics or microfibers in the environmental samples based on the ecological risk value.

[0070] In this embodiment, the ecological risk levels of microplastics and microfibers are classified based on human footprint levels as follows:

[0071] The Integrated Microplastic-Microfiber Risk Index (IMRI) is as follows: < 59.25 indicates low ecological risk for microplastics and microfibers; 59.25 ≤ IMRI < 225.33 indicates medium ecological risk; 225.33 ≤ IMRI ≤ 512.77 indicates high ecological risk; and IMRI > 512.77 indicates extremely high ecological risk.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the ecological risk of microplastics and microfibers in environmental samples, characterized in that, The method includes: Detection of the type and concentration of residual monomers and chemical additives in microplastics or microfibers in environmental samples; Based on the detected residual monomers and chemical additives, the chemical hazard levels and corresponding chemical hazard level values ​​of various monomers and chemical additives are obtained. The chemical hazard levels are obtained based on established standards. For monomers or chemical additives that have multiple chemical hazard levels in different standards, the sum of their chemical hazard level values ​​is calculated as the total chemical hazard level value of the monomer or chemical additive. For each monomer or chemical additive, the product of its total chemical hazard level value and concentration is calculated as the chemical hazard value of that monomer or chemical additive; for the microplastic or microfiber, the sum of the chemical hazard values ​​of all the monomers or chemical additives detected for that microplastic or microfiber is calculated as the total chemical hazard value of that microplastic or microfiber. The shape, color, and size of the microplastics or microfibers are obtained, and the ecological risk values ​​of the total chemical hazard value, shape, color, and size are quantified. The ecological risk values ​​are the values ​​after weighting and standardization. The total chemical hazard value, size, shape, and color ecological risk values ​​are summed to obtain the total ecological risk value of microplastics or microfibers. The ecological risk levels of microplastics and microfibers in environmental samples are determined based on the human footprint grading method, and the ecological risk level of microplastics or microfibers in the environmental samples is obtained based on the total ecological risk value.

2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the chemical hazard level and the corresponding chemical hazard value is as follows: The chemical hazard level of a monomer is determined based on established chemical standards. The chemical hazard levels I, II, III, IV, and V correspond to chemical hazard level values ​​of 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10000, respectively. Based on one or more chemical hazard levels corresponding to a single monomer, obtain its corresponding total chemical hazard level value.

3. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes, For a known polymer, the types and concentrations of its residual monomers and chemical additives are determined in advance, and the total chemical hazard value is calculated as the preset total chemical hazard value for that polymer. When the microplastics or microfibers in the environmental sample are known polymers, their preset total chemical hazard value is used as the total chemical hazard value of the microplastics or microfibers.

4. The evaluation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the microplastics or microfibers in the environmental sample are synthesized from multiple polymers, the total chemical hazard value of the polymers is weighted and summed based on the synthesis ratio of the multiple polymers, and the weighted sum is used as the total chemical hazard value of the microplastics or microfibers.

5. The evaluation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes detecting the concentrations of residual monomers and chemical additives of the same polymer in different environmental samples, obtaining the concentration range of each residual monomer or chemical additive, using the median of the concentration range as the concentration of the corresponding monomer or chemical additive, and calculating and updating the preset total chemical hazard value of the polymer.

6. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological risk value of the aforementioned size is quantified based on the following method: The maximum size of microplastics or microfibers in any dimension was determined. The quantification results were obtained by standardizing the results according to the quantification ratio of maximum size < 100 µm : maximum size 100 – 500 µm : maximum size 500 – 1000 µm : maximum size 1000 – 5000 µm = 100 : 16.7 : 0.4 : 0.3, combined with the size weights.

7. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological risk value of the shape is quantified based on the following method: For fibrous, fragmented, film-like, granular, and foam-like microplastics or microfibers, the ratios were 10:1.3:4.2×10⁻⁶, respectively. -3 8.4×10 -4 1.6×10 -5 The quantization ratio is combined with the shape weight for standardization to obtain the quantization result.

8. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological risk value of the color is quantified based on the following method: For transparent, blue, black, white, brown, gray, green, red, yellow, purple, and pink microplastics or microfibers, a quantization result was obtained by standardizing the data according to a quantization ratio of 1:0.8174:0.6709:0.4572:0.3754:0.3643:0.3159:0.2907:0.1700:0.1474:0.0718, combined with the color weight.

9. The evaluation method according to any one of claims 1, 6-8, characterized in that, The weights are determined based on the contribution of residual monomers and chemical additives, size, shape, and color to the ecological risks of microplastics and microfibers.

10. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microplastics and microfibers include fibrous microplastics, non-fibrous microplastics, and artificial microfibers made of cellulose.

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