Configuration of narrowband filters for backscatter communication

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may send an indication of a filtering capability of the UE. The UE may receive a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communication based at least in part on the filtering capability. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] Aspects of the disclosure relate generally to wireless communication, and to techniques and apparatuses for configuring narrowband filters for backscatter communication. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems can employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and other similar technologies.

[0003] Despite the tremendous technological advancements in wireless communications systems over the years, challenges remain. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between a wireless transmitter and a wireless receiver. Accordingly, there is a continuing desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving the speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving the efficiency of use of shared communications media, reducing the power used by transmitters and receivers when performing communications, improving the reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and / or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access a wireless communications system, increasing the ability of different types of devices to communicate with each other, increasing the number and types of wireless communications media that are available for use, and so forth. Thus, there is a need to further improve wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others. SUMMARY

[0004] One aspect provides a method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE). The method includes transmitting an indication of a filtering capability of the UE. The method includes receiving a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communications based at least in part on the filtering capability.

[0005] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communications by a network entity. The method includes obtaining an indication of a filtering capability of a UE. The method includes outputting a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communications based at least in part on the filtering capability.

[0006] Other aspects provide for an apparatus operable to, configured to, or otherwise adapted to perform any one or more of the preceding methods and / or those described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings and specification; a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions for causing a processor of an apparatus to perform the preceding methods and / or those described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings and specification; a computer program product, embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, comprising code for performing the preceding methods and / or those described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings and specification; and / or an apparatus comprising means for performing the preceding methods and / or those described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings and specification. By way of example, an apparatus can comprise a processing system, a device having a processing system, or a processing system in cooperation with one or more networks.

[0007] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows can be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily utilized as bases for modifying or designing other for carrying the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions are not to depart from the scope of the claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings. Each of the figures is provided for exemplification and description purposes only and not as a limitation of the claims.

[0008] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices). Aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features can include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals can include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers). It is intended that aspects described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0009] To more fully understand the aspects of the present disclosure, a more

[0010] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication network in accordance with the present disclosure is depicted.

[0011] Figure 2 Aspects of an example base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) in accordance with the present disclosure are depicted.

[0012] Figure 3 An example disaggregated base station architecture in accordance with the present disclosure is depicted.

[0013] Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C And Figure 4D Aspects of data structures for a wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network of Figure 1 in accordance with the present disclosure are depicted.

[0014] Figure 5is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a backscatter-based passive radio frequency identification (RFID) device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a use case for surrounding IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with backscatter communication for surrounding IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication for surrounding IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a narrowband filter configured for backscatter communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating a table including parameters associated with a narrowband filter configured for backscatter communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with aspects of a narrowband filter for identifying a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 13 A method for wireless communication by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure, is shown.

[0023] Figure 14 A method for wireless communication by a network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure, is shown.

[0024] Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of code and circuitry for a communication device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of code and circuitry for a communication device, in accordance with the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer readable mediums for configuring a narrowband filter for backscatter communication.

[0027] "Backscatter" refers to a telecommunication technology in which a user equipment (UE) transmits information by reflecting (or "backscattering") an incoming signal. For example, the UE can filter a backscattered signal using one or more narrowband filters and transmit the backscattered signal via an antenna. In some cases, transmissions from other UEs can interfere with the backscattered transmission, which can prevent the backscattered transmission from being successfully received by a receiving device.

[0028] Various aspects generally relate to wireless communication, and more particularly, to backscatter communications. Some aspects more specifically relate to configuring narrowband filters for backscatter communications. In some examples, a base station (BS) can configure one or more narrowband filters of a UE for backscatter communications. For example, the BS can indicate how the UE should use the narrowband filters to perform backscatter communications. For example, the BS can indicate how many repeated (e.g., redundant) bits the UE should transmit, among other parameters.

[0029] In some aspects, the BS can determine whether to configure the UE for index modulation. "Index modulation" refers to the ability of the UE to dynamically switch between different narrowband filters during transmission. If the BS configures the UE for index modulation, the UE can dynamically control which narrowband filters to use during backscatter communications. If the BS does not configure the UE for index modulation, the BS can indicate which narrowband filters to use for backscatter. In either case, the BS can configure the UE (e.g., a multi-narrowband filter UE) with configurable backscatter communication settings.

[0030] Index modulation can introduce flexibility to backscatter transmissions because the narrowband filters can change dynamically during transmission. Moreover, index modulation can alleviate the burden of the BS indicating which narrowband filters to use for backscatter, which can reduce processing operations on the BS and / or can reduce overhead associated with signaling the indication of the narrowband filters to use for backscatter. Enabling the BS to indicate which narrowband filters to use for backscatter can allow UEs that are not capable of performing index modulation or UEs that can perform index modulation but should not perform index modulation to backscatter transmissions according to the configuration received from the BS.

[0031] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by configuring narrowband filters for backscatter communications, the described techniques can be used to help mitigate interference. For example, repeated bits can help improve the robustness of backscatter communications. Thus, the configuration can help ensure that backscatter communications are successfully transmitted to a receiving device.

[0032] Various aspects of the disclosure are now described with reference to the drawings. The various aspects of the disclosure, however, can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be appreciated that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus can be implemented or a method can be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein can be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0033] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms, among other examples (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0034] While aspects can be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and / or a 5G later (e.g., 6G) RAT.

[0035] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication network 100 according to the present disclosure is depicted.

[0036] Generally, the wireless communication network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes). A network entity is generally a communication device and / or a communication function performed by a communication device (e.g., a UE, a BS, a component of a BS, a server, etc.). For example, various functions of a network and various devices associated with and interacting with a network can be considered network entities. Further, the wireless communication network 100 includes ground-based aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 110), and non-ground-based aspects, such as satellites 140 and aircraft 145, which can include onboard network entities (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., ground-based BSs) and UEs.

[0037] In the depicted example, wireless communication network 100 includes BSs 110, UEs 120, and one or more core networks (such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and a 5G Core (5GC) 190) that interoperate to provide communication services via various communication links, including wired and wireless links.

[0038] Figure 1 Various example UEs 120 are depicted, which can include cellular phones, smart phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems (GPS), multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players, cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, Internet of Things (IoT) devices (e.g., ambient IoT devices), Always-On (AON) devices, edge processing devices, or another similar device. A UE 120 can also be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a remote unit, a remote device, a wireless unit, a remote

[0039] The BSs 110 can wirelessly communicate with the UEs 120 via communication links 170 (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from the UEs). The communication links 170 between the BSs 110 and the UEs 120 can carry signals between the BSs 110 and the UEs 120 over a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) and an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link). In various aspects, the communication links 170 can use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity.

[0040] BS 110 can include, for example, a NodeB, an enhanced NodeB (eNB), a next-generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB), a next-generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB), an access point, a transceiver base station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a transmit receive point, etc. BS 110 can provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 112, which can sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which, in some cases, can overlap with other cells (for example, small cell coverage areas 112' provided by BS 110a can have an overlapping coverage area 112 with macro cell coverage areas 112). For example, BS 110 can provide communication coverage for a macro cell (covering a relatively large geographic area), a pico cell (covering a relatively small geographic area, such as a stadium), a femto cell (covering a relatively small geographic area, such as a home), and / or other types of cells.

[0041] While BS 110 is depicted as a single communication device in various aspects, BS 110 can be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of the base station can be split, including a central unit (CU), one or more distributed units (DUs), one or more radio units (RUs), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-RT RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of the base station can be virtualized. More generally, a BS (e.g., BS 110) can include components under a single physical roof or components spread across various physical locations. In examples where the BS includes components spread across various physical locations, the various components can each perform various functions, such that the various components collectively implement similar functionality as a BS located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a BS that includes components spread across various physical locations can be referred to as having a disaggregated radio access network architecture, such as an open RAN (O-RAN) architecture or a virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture. Figure 3 An example disaggregated BS architecture is depicted and described.

[0042] Different BSs 110 within the wireless communication network 100 can also be configured to support different radio access technologies (such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G, among others). For example, BSs 110 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as the Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) can interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., S I interface). BSs 110 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interface with the 5GC 190 through second backhaul links 184. The BSs 110 can communicate with one another directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) through third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface), which can be wired or wireless.

[0043] The wireless communication network 100 can subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various classes, bands, channels, or other features. In some aspects, the subdivision is based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency can also be referred to as a carrier, subcarrier, frequency channel, tone, or subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines frequency range 1 (FR1) to include 410-7125 MHz, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as “sub-6 GHz.” Similarly, 3GPP currently defines frequency range 2 (FR2) to include 24,250-52,600 MHz, which is sometimes (interchangeably) referred to as “millimeter wave” (“mmW” or “mmWave”). Base stations configured to communicate using mmWave or near-mmWave radio frequencies (e.g., mmWave base stations such as BS 110b) can utilize beamforming (e.g., as illustrated by 182) with UEs (e.g., 120) to improve path loss and range.

[0044] The communication links 170 between the BSs 110 and, for example, the UEs 120 can be through one or more carriers, which can be portions of frequency bands that are scheduled, allocated, or used (e.g., by a scheduler, such as a scheduler in a base station) for a communication link. The carriers can be on different frequencies and / or different frequency bands. A single carrier can carry one or multiple communication links (e.g., separate communication links for different UEs 120). Transmissions on a carrier can be continuous or discontinuous (e.g., in time slots). A single BS 110 can communicate with UEs 120 on the same carrier or different carriers. For example, a first BS 110a can communicate with a first UE 120a on a first carrier and a second BS 110b can communicate with a second UE 120b on a second carrier.

[0045] Communications using higher frequency bands can have higher path loss and shorter range as compared to lower frequency communications. Accordingly, certain base stations (e.g., base stations 110d, 110e) can be equipped or designed to communicate over relatively longer ranges (e.g., macro cells, cells with larger cell sizes, or the like). Other base stations (e.g., base stations 110f, 110g) can be equipped or designed for relatively shorter ranges (e.g., small cells, cells with smaller cell sizes, or the like). Base stations 110 can also have other equipment or design capabilities that are the same or different as compared with each other. Figure 1The base stations 110b in the communications cell 101 can utilize beamforming with the UEs 120 to improve the path loss and range, as shown at 182. For example, the BSs 110b and UEs 120 can each include multiple antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays, to facilitate beamforming. In some cases, the BSs 110b can transmit beamformed signals to the UEs 120 in one or more transmit directions 182'. The UEs 120 can receive the beamformed signals from the BSs 110b in one or more receive directions 182". The UEs 120 can also transmit beamformed signals to the BSs 110b in one or more transmit directions 182". The BSs 110b can also receive beamformed signals from the UEs 120 in one or more receive directions 182'. The BSs 110b and UEs 120 can then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the BSs 110b and UEs 120. Notably, the transmit and receive directions of the BSs 110b can or can not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions of the UEs 120 can or can not be the same.

[0046] The wireless communications network 100 also includes a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154, e.g., in 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum.

[0047] Certain UEs 120 can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).

[0048] The EPC 160 can include various function components, including a mobility management entity (MME) 161, other MMEs 162, a serving gateway 163, a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) gateway 164, a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC) 165, and / or a packet data network (PDN) gateway 166, such as in the depicted example. The MME 161 can be in communication with a home subscriber server (HSS) 167. The MME 161 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 120 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 161 provides bearer and connection management.

[0049] Generally, user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are conveyed through the serving gateway 163, which is connected to the PDN gateway 166. The PDN gateway 166 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The PDN gateway 166 and the BM-SC 165 are connected to the IP services 168, which can include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), a packet switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.

[0050] The BM-SC 165 can provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 165 can serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, can be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN), and / or can be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 164 can distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 110 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and / or can be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.

[0051] The 5GC 190 can include various function components including an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 191, other AMFs 192, a Session Management Function (SMF) 193, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 194. The AMF 191 can be in communication with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 195.

[0052] The AMF 191 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 120 and the 5GC 190. The AMF 191 provides, for example, Quality of Service (QoS) flow and session management.

[0053] IP packets are conveyed through the UPF 194, which connects to the IP services 196 and provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for the 5GC 190. The IP services 196 can include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.

[0054] In various aspects, a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, disaggregated base station, component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, a transmission reception point (TRP), or a combination thereof, to name a few examples.

[0055] As indicated above, Figure 1 are provided by way of example. Other examples can differ from those described with respect to Figure 1 the examples described with respect to

[0056] Figure 2 Aspects of example BSs 110 and UEs 120 according to this disclosure are depicted.

[0057] Generally, the BS 110 includes various processors (e.g., 220, 230, 238, and 240), antennas 234a-234t (collectively, 234), transceivers 232a-232t (collectively, 232) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 212) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 239). For example, the BS 110 can transmit and receive data between the BS 110 and the UE 120. The BS 110 includes a controller / processor 240 that can be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communication.

[0058] Generally, the UE 120 includes various processors (e.g., 258, 264, 266, and 280), antennas 252a-252r (collectively, 252), transceivers 254a-254r (collectively, 254) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 262) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 260). The UE 120 includes a controller / processor 280 that can be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communication.

[0059] For an example downlink transmission, the BS 110 includes a transmit processor 220 that can receive data from a data source 212 and control information from a controller / processor 240. The control information can be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH), physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH), and / or other channel. In some examples, the data can be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0060] The transmit processor 220 can process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmit processor 220 can also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0061] A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on data symbols, control symbols, and / or reference symbols, if applicable, and can provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 232a-232t. Each modulator in transceivers 232a-232t can process a respective output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 232a-232t can be transmitted via antennas 234a-234t, respectively.

[0062] UE 120 includes antennas 252a-252r, which can receive downlink signals from BS 110 and can provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 254a-254r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 254a-254r can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator can further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.

[0063] A MIMO detector 256 can obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in transceivers 254a-254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 can process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, providing decoded data for UE 120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 280.

[0064] For example uplink transmission, UE 120 also includes a transmit processor 264, which can receive and process data (e.g., for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)) from the controller / processor 280. Transmit processor 264 can also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS)). The symbols from the transmit processor 264 can be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by the modulators in transceivers 254a-254r (e.g., for single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM)), and transmitted to BS 110.

[0065] At the BS 110, the uplink signals from the UE 120 can be received by antennas 234a-234t, processed by demodulators in transceivers 232a-232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by the UE 120. The receive processor 238 can provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to a controller / processor 240. Memory 242 and memory 282 can store data and program codes (e.g., processor- executable instructions, computer-executable instructions) for the BS 110 and the UE 120, respectively. A scheduler 244 can schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0066] In various aspects, the BS 110 can be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” can refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as from the data source 212, the scheduler 244, the memory 242, the transmit processor 220, the controller / processor 240, the TX MIMO processor 230, the transceivers 232a-232t, the antennas 234a-234t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” can refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as from the antennas 234a-234t, the transceivers 232a-232t, the receive (RX) MIMO detector 236, the controller / processor 240, the receive processor 238, the scheduler 244, the memory 242, a network interface, and / or other aspects described herein.

[0067] In various aspects, the UE 120 can likewise be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” can refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as from the data source 262, the memory 282, the transmit processor 264, the controller / processor 280, the TX MIMO processor 266, the transceivers 254a-254t, the antennas 252a-252t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” can refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as from the antennas 252a-252t, the transceivers 254a-254t, the RX MIMO detector 256, the controller / processor 280, the receive processor 258, the memory 282, and / or other aspects described herein.

[0068] In some aspects, a processor can be configured to perform various operations (such as those associated with the methods described herein) and send (output) data to or receive (obtain) data from another interface configured to send or receive data, respectively.

[0069] Although Figure 2 The blocks in FIG. 10 are illustrated as distinct components only for the sake of clarity in understanding the processes being performed. The functionality described with respect to these blocks can be performed in a single hardware, software, or combined component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described with respect to transmit processor 264, receive processor 258, and / or TX MIMO processor 266 can be performed by controller / processor 280 or under the control of controller / processor 280.

[0070] As indicated above, Figure 2 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to the examples Figure 2 described with respect to the examples

[0071] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be arranged in various ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, network entity, mobility element of a network, RAN node, core network node, network element, base station, or network equipment can be implemented in an aggregated architecture or a disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station, such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an AP, a TRP, or a cell, and so on, or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station. A “network entity” or “network node” can refer to a disaggregated base station or one or more units of a disaggregated base station, such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof.

[0072] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A disaggregated base station (e.g., a disaggregated network node) can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU can be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU or, alternatively, can be geographically or virtually spread out over one or more other network nodes. The DUs can be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CUs, DUs, and RUs can also be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), and so on.

[0073] Base station type operations or network designs can consider the aggregate nature of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations can be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also referred to as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate scaling of a communication system by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed individually. A disaggregated base station can include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually for at least one unit, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of a disaggregated base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the disaggregated base station.

[0074] Figure 3 An example disaggregated base station 300 architecture is depicted. The disaggregated base station 300 architecture can include one or more central units (CU) 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 325 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both. The CU 310 can communicate with one or more distributed units (DU) 330 via respective fronthaul links, such as an Fl interface. The DU 330 can communicate with one or more radio units (RU) 340 via respective front-haul links. The RU 340 can communicate with respective UEs 120 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 can be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.

[0075] Each of the units (e.g., CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO framework 305) can include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. The associated processor or controller of each unit or communication interface providing instructions to the unit can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission media. For example, the units can include wired interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals to one or more of the other units over a wired transmission medium. Additionally or alternatively, the units can include wireless interfaces, which can include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers), configured to receive or transmit signals to one or more of the other units over a wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0076] In some aspects, the CU 310 can host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can utilize an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can be in bidirectional communication with the CU-CP units via an interface, such as an El interface. As needed, the CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0077] The DUs 330 can correspond to logical units that include one or more base station functions for controlling operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DUs 330 can host, depending at least in part on a functional split, such as one defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), one or more of a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers, such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc. In some aspects, the DUs 330 can further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DUs 330 or with control functions hosted by the CUs 310.

[0078] Lower layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 340. In some deployments, the RUs 340 controlled by the DUs 330 can correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions, such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc., or both, based at least in part on a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such architectures, the RUs 340 can be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 120. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RUs 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DUs 330. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DUs 330 and CUs 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0079] The SMO framework 305 can be configured to support RAN deployment and orchestration of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non- virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to support deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an Ol interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform, such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 390, to perform network element lifecycle management, such as to instantiate a virtualized network element, via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an 02 interface. Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 310, DUs 330, RUs 340, and near-RT RICs 325. In some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate with hardware aspects of a 4G RAN, such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via an Ol interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via an Ol interface. The SMO framework 305 can also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0080] The non-RT RIC 315 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based direction of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 can be coupled to, or in communication with, the near-RT RIC 325, such as via an Al interface. The near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface, such as via an E2 interface, that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and an O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0081] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and can be received at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 can monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 305, such as via reconfiguration of Ol, or through creation of RAN management policies, such as Al policies.

[0082] As indicated above, Figure 3 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described Figure 3 with respect to the examples described.

[0083] Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C and Figure 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100 of Figure 1 depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100 of Figure 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, Figure 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe, Figure 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and Figure 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.

[0084] A wireless communication system can utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such a system can also support half-duplex Figure 4B and Figure 4D The system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in

[0085] A wireless communication frame structure can be frequency division duplex (FDD) in which a set of particular subcarriers are dedicated for DL or UL within a subframe. A wireless communication frame structure can also be time division duplex (TDD) in which a set of particular subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL within a subframe.

[0086] In Figure 4A and Figure 4C , the wireless communication frame structure is TDD, where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexibly used between DL / UL. A UE can be configured with a slot format (dynamically configured by DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured by RRC signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI). In the depicted example, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equal-sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe can include one or more slots. In some examples, each slot can include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot format. A subframe can also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than a whole slot. Other wireless communication technologies can have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0087] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe is based on a slot configuration and a numerology. For example, for slot configuration 0, different numerologies (μ) 0 to 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots per subframe, respectively. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols per slot and 2 µ slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing can equal 2 μ x 15 kHz, where μ is a numerology index, which can be selected from values 0 to 5. Thus, the subcarrier spacing for numerology μ = 0 is 15 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for numerology μ = 5 is 480 kHz. Other numerologies and subcarrier spacings can be used. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C and Figure 4D An example is provided with slot configuration 0 having 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ = 2 having 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.

[0088] As Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C and Figure 4D depicted, a resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) that extends, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0089] As Figure 4ASome of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE (e.g., UE 120). An RS can include demodulation RS (DM-RS) and / or channel state information RS (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS can also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and / or phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0090] Figure 4B Examples of various DL channels are illustrated. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or multiple control channel elements (CCEs), each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs), each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.

[0091] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) can be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (e.g., UE 120) to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity.

[0092] A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) can be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.

[0093] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DM-RS. The PBCH, which carries a master information block (MIB), can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (SSB). The MIB provides system bandwidth and a number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH (such as system information blocks (SIBs)), and / or paging messages.

[0094] As Figure 4CSome of the REs carry DMRS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DMRS for PUCCH and DMRS for PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS can be transmitted, for example, in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS can be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether a short PUCCH or long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE 120 can transmit sounding reference signals (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and a UE can transmit SRS on one of these combs. The SRS can be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling for the UL.

[0095] Figure 4D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH can be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and can additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0096] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 associated with a backscatter-based passive radio frequency identification (RFID) device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0097] RFID has applications in inventory and asset management (both inside and outside of warehouses), IoT, sustainable sensor networks in factories and / or agriculture, smart homes, etc. RFID devices include small transponders (also referred to as tags) that emit information-carrying signals when a signal is received. RFID devices can operate without a battery with low operational expenses, low maintenance costs, and long life cycle.

[0098] Passive RFID devices can harvest energy in the air. For example, a passive RFID device can harvest energy from an energy signal received from an RFID reader. The harvested energy can power a transmit and / or receive circuit, where the transmitted signal is typically backscatter modulated.

[0099] Semi-passive RFID devices can have a battery or a capacitor for storing energy, but can not autonomously generate a signal (e.g., semi-passive RFID devices can use backscatter techniques for communication). Active RFID devices can be equipped with a battery and can autonomously generate a signal. Semi-passive or active RFID devices can have a higher associated cost compared to passive RFID devices.

[0100] As indicated above, Figure 5 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described Figure 5 with respect to the examples described in connection with

[0101] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 associated with a surrounding IoT device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0102] As 5G continues to expand beyond enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) to vertical industries (e.g., ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), machine type communications (MTC), etc.), telecommunications technology can be expanded to support surrounding IoT for use cases including MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), reduced capability, etc. However, current 5G technology can not efficiently support surrounding IoT devices (e.g., ubiquitous RFID-type sensors) in many future use cases such as asset management, logistics, warehousing, manufacturing, etc.

[0103] As shown, telecommunications standards can enable management of surrounding IoT devices. For example, as shown by reference number 610, a network entity (e.g., BS 110) can read and / or write information stored on a surrounding IoT device and / or provide energy to the surrounding IoT device. As shown by reference number 620, the network entity can receive an information-bearing signal reflected by the surrounding IoT device, read the reflected information-bearing signal to decode information sent by the surrounding IoT device, etc.

[0104] As indicated above, Figure 6 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described Figure 6 with respect to the examples described in connection with

[0105] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating examples 700, 710, 720, and 730 associated with use cases for surrounding IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example 700 is associated with a conventional battery-powered wireless sensor network (WSN). In example 700, sensors with batteries send data to one or more network nodes. Sensors with depleted batteries can not be able to send data to the network nodes.

[0106] Example 710 is associated with a WSN that supports wireless power transfer (WPT). Various WPT-enabled devices can harvest energy from a hybrid energy source (e.g., network, solar, wind, etc.). A WPT-enabled WSN can thereby avoid manual battery replacement and can provide longer device lifetime.

[0107] Example 720 is associated with backscatter-based passive RFID, as Figure 5 illustrated and described in connection with Figure 5 Example 730 is associated with active RFID that supports WPT. An active RFID scenario that supports WPT can provide greater range compared to a passive RFID scenario. In an active RFID scenario that supports WPT, energy can be collected for a longer duration than a duration of information transfer.

[0108] As indicated above, Figure 7 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described in Figure 7 connection with the examples described.

[0109] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 associated with backscatter communication for ambient IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0110] Some wireless communication devices can be considered IoT devices. IoT technology can include ambient IoT (e.g., passive IoT such as NR passive IoT for 5G advanced, semi-passive IoT, active IoT, or ultra-light IoT, among other examples). In passive IoT, a terminal (e.g., an RFID device, tag, or similar device) can not include a battery, and the terminal can accumulate energy from radio signaling. Additionally, the terminal can accumulate solar energy to supplement the accumulated energy from radio signaling. In passive IoT, a communication distance can be up to approximately 30 meters to facilitate feasible network coverage for large areas (e.g., 5000 square meters) such as in a warehouse. Moreover, a power consumption of a passive IoT terminal (e.g., a UE) can be less than 0.1 milliwatt (mW) to support battery-less operation, and the terminal can be relatively inexpensive to facilitate cost-sensitive use. A positioning accuracy of a passive IoT terminal can be approximately 3 to 5 meters in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction.

[0111] Surround IoT combined with industrial sensors can be useful, for which battery replacement can be very difficult or undesirable (e.g., for security monitoring or fault detection in smart factories, infrastructure, or environments). Additionally, the characteristics of surround IoT devices, such as low cost, small size, maintenance-free operation, durability, and long lifespan, can facilitate smart logistics / warehousing (e.g., combined with automated asset management via RFID tag replacement). Furthermore, surround IoT can be combined with smart home networks for home appliance management, wearable devices (e.g., wearables for medical monitoring of patients that do not require battery replacement), and / or environmental monitoring. To achieve further cost reductions and zero-power communication, 5G+ / 6G wireless networks can leverage surround IoT devices.

[0112] like Figure 8 As shown, a backscattering device 805 (e.g., a tag, sensor, etc.), which may be an example of a passive IoT device, can employ a simplified hardware design (e.g., including a power divider, energy harvester, and microcontroller). This hardware design does not include a battery, allowing the backscattering device 805 to rely on energy harvesting for power, and does not include radio wave generation circuitry, enabling the backscattering device 805 to transmit information solely by reflecting radio waves. More specifically, the backscattering device 805 communicates with a reader 808 (e.g., UE 120, BS 110, or another network device) by modulating reflected radio signals from an RF source 810 (e.g., BS 110, UE 120, or another network device). In some examples, the RF source 810 and the reader 808 may be the same device or may be co-located. For example, in some cases, the reader 808 and the RF source 810 may be associated with the same BS 110.

[0113] To facilitate communication with backscattering device 805, RF source 810 may send an energy harvesting wave to backscattering device 805. The energy harvesting wave may be transmitted for a sufficient duration to achieve a communication phase within the target range between reader 808 and backscattering device 805. Additionally or alternatively, in some cases, the range between RF source 810 and backscattering device 805 may be limited by a minimum received power, such as -20 dBm, used to trigger energy harvesting at backscattering device 805.

[0114] Once energy is sufficiently accumulated at backscatter device 805, backscatter device 805 can begin reflecting radio waves radiated onto backscatter device 805 via backscatter link 815. For example, RF source 810 can initiate a communication session with a query, which can be a modulated envelope of a continuous wave (CW). Backscatter device 805 can respond with backscatter of the CW. Thus, backscatter device 805 can support envelope detection. The communication session can include multiple rounds, such as for contention resolution purposes when multiple backscatter devices respond to the query. The channel between RF source 810 and backscatter device 805 of backscatter link 815 can be associated with a first backscatter link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a first backscatter link channel coefficient or a first backscatter link gain value) h BD As described below, backscatter device 805 can have a reflection-on period and a reflection-off period that follow a pattern based at least in part on transmission of information bits by backscatter device 805. Reader 808 can detect the reflection pattern of backscatter device 805 and obtain backscatter communication information via backscatter link 815. The channel between reader 808 and backscatter device 805 of backscatter link 815 can be associated with a second backscatter link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a second backscatter link channel coefficient or a second backscatter link channel gain value) h DU Furthermore, RF source 810 and reader 808 can communicate (e.g., reference signals and / or data signals) via direct link 820. The channel between RF source 810 and reader 808 of direct link 820 can be associated with a direct link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a direct link channel coefficient or a direct link channel gain value) h BU

[0115] Backscatter device 805 can use an information modulation scheme, such as amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation or on-off keying (OOK) modulation. For ASK or OOK modulation, backscatter device 805 can turn the reflection on when transmitting an information bit “1” and turn the reflection off when transmitting an information bit “0.” In backscatter communication, RF source 810 can transmit a particular radio wave (e.g., a reference signal or a data signal, such as a PDSCH), which can be represented as Reader 808 can receive this radio wave directly from RF source 810 via direct link 820 and from backscatter device 805 that modulates and reflects the radio wave to reader 808 via backscatter link 815. The signal received at reader 808 via direct link 820, represented as and indicated by reference number 825, is the radio wave transmitted by RF source 810 ​multiplied by a direct link channel response value h BU plus any signal noise. The information bit signal of the backscatter device 805 can be represented as where Thus, the signal received at the reader 808 via the backscatter link 815 (denoted as and indicated by reference number 830) is the signal sent by the RF source 810 multiplied by a first backscatter link channel response value h BD , a second backscatter link channel response value h DU , the information bit signal from the backscatter device 805 , and a reflection coefficient associated with the backscatter device 805 plus any noise.

[0116] Thus, the resulting signal received at the reader 808, which is the superposition of the signal received via the direct link 820 and the signal received via the backscatter link 815, can be represented as where . This signal is shown by reference number 835. As shown, when (indicated by reference number 840 in the plot shown at reference number 830), the backscatter device 805 can turn off the reflection such that the signal component is equal to zero, and thus the reader 808 receives only the direct link 820 signal (e.g., ). When (indicated by reference number 845 in the plot shown at reference number 830), the backscatter device 805 can turn on the reflection such that the signal component is equal to , and thus the reader 808 receives a superposition of both the direct link 820 signal and the backscatter link 815 signal (e.g., ). To receive the information bits sent by the backscatter device 805, the reader 808 can first decode by treating the backscatter link 815 signal as interference based at least in part on the direct link channel response value . The reader 808 can then detect the presence of the signal component by subtracting from . In some cases, the backscatter device 805 can not maintain state from communication session to communication session, except for what is stored in the backscatter device 805 memory, such as the EPC or similar information associated with the backscatter device 805.

[0117] As indicated above, Figure 8 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to at least the described examples. Figure 8

[0118] Ambient IoT-style backscatter differs from traditional RFID-style backscatter in at least three ways. First, ambient IoT-style backscatter can use existing RF signals. Thus, ambient IoT devices can operate without deploying a dedicated power infrastructure, such as an RFID reader, to transmit high-power (e.g., 1 W) signals to nearby devices. Thus, ambient IoT-style backscatter can avoid installation and maintenance costs that can make such a system impractical if unavoidable (e.g., in outdoor environments, environments spanning large areas, etc.).

[0119] Second, and relatedly, ambient IoT-style backscatter can have a small environmental footprint because ambient IoT devices can avoid consuming additional energy beyond that already transmitted in the air. Third, ambient ambient IoT-style backscatter can enable D2D communication. In contrast, traditional RFID systems can not enable D2D communication because, in traditional RFID systems, tags are exclusively in communication with an RFID reader and can not be able to detect transmissions from other nearby tags.

[0120] Figure 9 are diagrams illustrating examples 900 and 910 associated with OFDM communication for ambient IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0121] OFDM is a common modulation scheme in many modern communication systems. As shown in example 900, an ambient IoT device receives an OFDM signal. The ambient IoT device can pass power from the OFDM signal from an antenna to a rectifier via a matching network. The ambient IoT device can obtain power from the rectifier, filter the OFDM signal, and transmit the reflected signal.

[0122] As shown in example 910, filtering can involve providing data to multiple narrowband filters that operate within respective frequency ranges. For example, each narrowband filter can filter one or more subcarrier frequencies. The narrowband filters can pass or null respective clusters, which can be summed and transmitted via an antenna.

[0123] As indicated above, Figure 9 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to at least the described examples. Figure 9

[0124] ​​Some UEs (e.g., ambient IoT devices) can perform subcarrier-wise backscatter communication (e.g., through OFDM). In some cases, reflected transmissions from multiple ambient IoT devices can collide with each other. In some cases, transmissions from other devices (e.g., legacy devices) can interfere with reflected transmissions from ambient IoT devices. Collisions and interference can cause ambient IoT device transmissions to fail (e.g., a receiving device can not be able to successfully receive or process the transmissions).

[0125] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example 1000 associated with configuring narrowband filters for backscatter communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown, example 1000 includes communication between a BS 110 and a UE 120 (e.g., an ambient IoT device). In some aspects, the BS 110 and the UE 120 can be included in a wireless network, such as wireless communication network 100. The BS 110 and the UE 120 can communicate via a wireless access link, which can include uplink and downlink. Figure 10

[0126] As shown by reference number 1010, the UE 120 can transmit an indication of a filtering capability of the UE 120, and the BS 110 can obtain the indication. The filtering capability can include information related to the UE’s 120 ability (or inability) to perform one or more filtering functions or operations. For example, the filtering capability can indicate a number of filters that the UE 120 has, whether the UE 120 is capable of index modulation, whether the bandwidth of the filters is tunable, and / or the like. Different UEs (e.g., different ambient IoT devices) can have different filtering capabilities.

[0127] As shown by reference number 1020, based at least in part on the filtering capability, the BS 110 can output a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE 120 for backscatter communication, and the UE 120 can receive the configuration. In some examples, if the UE 120 has no filters or one filter, the BS 110 can refrain from scheduling subcarrier-wise backscatter communication on the UE 120. If the UE 120 has multiple filters (e.g., filter bands of a passive notch filter), the BS 110 can schedule subcarrier-wise backscatter communication on the UE 120.

[0128] ​The configuration of the one or more narrowband filters of the UE 120 can enable the BS 110 to schedule backscatter communications. For example, the BS 110 can configure the UE 120 such that backscatter communications (e.g., reflected transmissions) from different surrounding IoT devices do not collide with each other and / or such that interference from legacy device communications is reduced. For example, the BS 110 can configure a subset of OFDM subcarriers for backscatter communications. This configuration can enable the BS 110 to indicate to the UE 120 how to perform backscatter communications, which can ultimately improve the success rate of surrounding IoT device transmissions.

[0129] In some examples, the UE 120 can transmit backscatter communications via the one or more narrowband filters in accordance with the configuration. For example, the UE 120 can transmit backscatter communications in accordance with information (e.g., parameters) specified by the configuration. Examples of information that can be specified by the configuration are provided below.

[0130] As indicated above, Figure 10 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to the Figure 10 described examples.

[0131] In some aspects, the configuration can provide for the one or more narrowband filters to perform backscatter communications using index modulation. For example, the BS 110 can indicate in the configuration whether the UE 120 is to use index modulation to backscatter communications. Index modulation can enable the UE 120 to dynamically switch between different sets or subsets of narrowband filters during backscatter communications. For example, index modulation can enable the UE 120 to switch from backscattering via cluster 1 and cluster 2 to backscattering via cluster 2 and cluster 3 during a data packet transmission. Using index modulation to perform backscatter communications can introduce additional flexibility to the scheduling of backscatter communications.

[0132] In further aspects, the configuration can provide for the one or more narrowband filters to perform backscatter communications based at least in part on an energy state of the UE 120. The energy state can be an amount of power of the UE 120. The UE 120 can indicate the energy state periodically or in response to an event (e.g., in response to a trigger received from the BS 110, in response to the energy meeting a threshold, etc.). In some examples, the BS 110 can refrain from configuring the UE 120 for index modulation if the energy state is low and can configure the UE 120 for index modulation if the energy state is high (e.g., not low). Index modulation can cause the UE 120 to consume a significant amount of power, and the energy state of the UE 120 can enable the BS 110 to configure the UE 120 to avoid losing an excessive amount of power due to index modulation.

[0133] The BS 110 can indicate (e.g., in a configuration) a type of information to be indicated by the index modulation. In some examples, the configuration can provide for one or more narrowband filters to perform a parity check (e.g., a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)) using index modulation, which can enable error detection. In some examples, the configuration can provide for one or more narrowband filters to perform a data (e.g., information) transmission using index modulation, which can enable the UE 120 to backscatter a communication to the BS 110 and / or another receiver. The configuration can provide for one or more narrowband filters to perform a parity check and / or a data transmission using index modulation.

[0134] If the configuration provides for one or more narrowband filters to perform a data (e.g., information) transmission using index modulation, the configuration can include an indication of a number of bits to be transmitted using index modulation. For example, the configuration can configure the UE 120 to indicate a single or original data bit or one or more repeated bits (e.g., bits to be repeated in order to improve transmission reliability) using index modulation. Including an indication of the number of bits in the configuration can enable the UE 120 to determine a number of narrowband filters to use for index modulation.

[0135] In some examples, the indication of the number of bits includes an indication of a number of at least one narrowband filter to transmit at least one of the bits. For example, the configuration can indicate a number of narrowband filters to use for index modulation. The indication of the number of narrowband filters can be considered a non-explicit (or implicit) indication of the number of bits, as the indication can indicate the number of bits via a conversion from the number of narrowband filters to the number of bits. Including an indication of the number of at least one narrowband filter in the indication of the number of bits can enable the UE 120 to avoid using processing and / or memory resources to convert from the number of bits to the number of narrowband filters.

[0136] In some examples, the indication of the number of bits is an explicit indication of the number of bits. The explicit indication can directly indicate the number of bits to be transmitted using index modulation. For example, the explicit indication of the number of bits can identify the number of bits without needing to convert from (or calculate) the number of bits from another parameter.

[0137] If the configuration provides for one or more narrowband filters to perform a data (e.g., information) transmission using index modulation, the configuration can include an indication of a duration of the data transmission via index modulation. In some examples, the indication of the duration of the data transmission can include an explicit indication of the duration of the data transmission. For example, the indication can directly indicate an absolute duration of the data transmission. The explicit indication of the duration can identify the duration without needing to convert from (or calculate) the duration from another parameter. The indication of the duration of the data transmission can inform the UE 120 how long to transmit data.

[0138] In some examples, the indication of the duration of the data transmission can be an indication of a ratio of the duration of the data transmission (D T ) to a reference duration (D R ). For example, the ratio can be D T :D R . The indication of the ratio can be considered a non-explicit (or implicit) indication of the duration, as the indication can indicate the duration via a conversion from the ratio to the duration. The reference duration can be a predefined (e.g., RRC configured) duration or a duration based on a cluster, a block, and / or a narrowband backscatter. The predefined duration can be common to all UEs, which can result in lower overhead. The duration based on a cluster, a block, and / or a narrowband backscatter can be specific to individual UEs, which can improve configurability.

[0139] Figure 11 FIGs. 11, 12, and 13 illustrate tables 1100, 1110, and 1120 including parameters associated with a narrowband filter configured for backscatter communication, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Tables 1100, 1110, and / or 1120 can contain information related to a modulation and coding scheme and can enable a UE 120 to transmit one or more indications related to an index modulation and / or a number of narrowband filters per bit repetition or per bit.

[0140] Table 1100 includes parameters associated with a repetition bit (e.g., an index, a number of narrowband filters per bit, a modulation scheme, a duration, etc.). For example, using table 1100, a BS 110 can schedule a subcarrier-wise backscatter communication at least in part by indicating a number of repetitions per bit. The number of repetitions per bit can indicate a number of narrowband filters to be used to backscatter the same information (e.g., a number of narrowband filters per bit).

[0141] Table 1110 includes parameters associated with an index modulation (e.g., an index, a number of narrowband filters or a number of bits, a duration or a ratio, etc.). Table 1120 includes one or more parameters associated with a repetition bit (e.g., an index, a number of narrowband filters per bit, a modulation scheme, a duration, etc.) and one or more parameters associated with an index modulation (e.g., an index, a number of narrowband filters or a number of bits, a duration, a ratio, etc.).

[0142] In some examples, the configuration of the narrowband filters for backscatter communications can be based at least in part on tables 1100 and 1110. For example, tables 1100 and 1110 can be used to configure the number of bits per repetition or the number of narrowband filters and index modulation, respectively (e.g., separately). Making the configuration based at least in part on tables 1100 and 1110 can reduce overhead. For example, in cases where index modulation is not to be used, an index from table 1100 can be transmitted (e.g., instead of an index from table 1110), which can reduce the number of bits involved in index signaling.

[0143] In some examples, the configuration can be based at least in part on table 1120. Table 1120 can include any suitable combination of parameters that can be configured using tables 1100 and 1110. Making the configuration based at least in part on table 1120 can reduce overhead. For example, in cases where index modulation is to be used, one index from table 1120 can be transmitted, which can reduce the number of bits involved in index signaling.

[0144] As indicated above, Figure 11 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described with respect to Figure 11 the examples described with respect to

[0145] In some aspects, index modulation can not be configured. For example, BS 110 can determine not to configure UE 120 for index modulation (e.g., based on an energy state of UE 120). Additionally or alternatively, UE 120 can not support index modulation (e.g., UE 120 can not be capable of dynamically tuning narrowband filters). In cases where UE 120 is not to use index modulation, BS 110 can indicate which narrowband filters are to be used for backscatter and bits per repetition.

[0146] In some examples where index modulation is not configured, the configuration can be based at least in part on an identification of the narrowband filters of UE 120. For example, when index modulation is not configured, UE 120 can use a fixed set or subset of narrowband filters for backscatter communications. For example, without index modulation, UE 120 can use cluster 1 and cluster 2 for the duration of a data packet transmission. Making the configuration based at least in part on an identification of the narrowband filters can enable BS 110 to indicate to UE 120 which narrowband filters are to be used for backscatter communications.

[0147] Several aspects for identifying narrowband filters are provided herein. In a first aspect, the identification of the narrowband filters can be based at least in part on a rule for the identification of one or more narrowband filters. For example, the rule can indicate how to select active narrowband filters (e.g., the narrowband filters to be used for backscatter information). For example, the number of active narrowband filters can be predefined (e.g., RRC configured), and the rule can specify which active narrowband filters to activate. For example, the rule can indicate that the UE 120 should select the narrowband filter with the lowest center frequency of the narrowband filters, the middle center frequency of the narrowband filters, the highest center frequency of the narrowband filters, and / or the like. The rule for the identification of the narrowband filters can be predefined and / or applicable to multiple UEs, and thus can reduce signaling overhead.

[0148] Figure 12 FIGs. 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 illustrate examples 1200, 1210, 1220, 1230, and 1240, respectively, that are examples of a method of wireless communication at a UE 120 that supports identifying narrowband filters for a UE 120 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The method of FIG. 12 can be performed by the UE 120 of FIG. 1, for example. The method of FIG. 13 can be performed by the UE 120 of FIG. 1, for example. The method of FIG. 14 can be performed by the UE 120 of FIG. 1, for example. The method of FIG. 15 can be performed by the UE 120 of FIG. 1, for example. The method of FIG. 16 can be performed by the UE 120 of FIG. 1, for example.

[0149] Referring to the second aspect, in examples 1200, 1210, and 1220, the configuration includes an identification of the narrowband filters. For example, the BS 110 can dynamically indicate (e.g., in the configuration) which narrowband filters to use for backscatter communications. Thus, including the identification of the narrowband filters in the configuration can enable the configuration to be UE-specific.

[0150] In examples 1200 and 1210, the identification of the narrowband filters includes an indication of at least one index of at least one of the narrowband filters. For example, the BS 110 can indicate an index of the narrowband filters to the UE 120. Identifying at least one index of the narrowband filters can reduce signaling overhead and / or enable signaling of contiguous and / or non-contiguous narrowband filters. As shown in example 1200, the at least one index can include one or more indices of the narrowband filters (e.g., the BS 110 can indicate respective indices of the active narrowband filters). Indicating one or more indices of the narrowband filters can enable the BS 110 to signal non-contiguous active narrowband filters. As shown in example 1210, the configuration can include an indication of a lowest (or middle, highest, and / or the like) index of the indices and an indication of a number of the narrowband filters (e.g., a number of the active narrowband filters). Including an indication of an index (e.g., a lowest index) and an indication of a number of the narrowband filters can enable the BS 110 to signal which contiguous active narrowband filters to use for backscatter communications (e.g., without signaling an index of each active narrowband filter).

[0151] In example 1220, the identification of the one or more narrowband filters includes a bitmap. For example, each narrowband filter can be mapped to a bitmap, and the bitmap can dynamically indicate which narrowband filters to activate. The bitmap can enable the BS 110 to indicate which contiguous or non-contiguous narrowband filters to use for backscatter communications.

[0152] Referring to the third aspect, in examples 1230 and 1240, the identification of the narrowband filter includes an indication of one or more subcarriers on which the narrowband filter is configured to operate. For example, the BS 110 can indicate, via predefinition or RRC configuration or dynamically, a frequency range of active subcarriers (e.g., subcarriers used for backscatter information). Including an indication of subcarriers can enable the UE 120 (e.g., rather than the BS 110) to select an appropriate filter based on the indicated frequency or frequency range with reduced signaling overhead.

[0153] As shown in example 1230, the indication of the plurality of subcarriers can include an indication of a lowest (or middle, highest, etc.) frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a highest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers. For example, the BS 110 can indicate a lowest frequency and a highest frequency of active subcarriers (e.g., the BS 110 can indicate only a lowest frequency and a highest frequency of active subcarriers). The UE 120 can pick a narrowband filter corresponding to the indicated frequency range (e.g., a frequency range between the lowest frequency and the highest frequency).

[0154] As shown in example 1240, the indication of the plurality of subcarriers includes an indication of a lowest (or middle, highest, etc.) frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a frequency range of the plurality of subcarriers. For example, the BS 110 can indicate a lowest frequency and a frequency range of active subcarriers (e.g., the BS 110 can indicate only a lowest frequency and a frequency range of active subcarriers). The UE 120 can pick a narrowband filter corresponding to the indicated frequency range.

[0155] As indicated above, Figure 12 are provided as examples. Other examples can be devised which are not similar to Figure 12 the examples described in relation to

[0156] In some examples (e.g., in the case of no index modulation configured), the BS 110 can indicate per-bit repetition. In some examples, each of the plurality of narrowband filters has a respective fixed bandwidth (e.g., the bandwidth of the filter can not be tunable). The configuration can include an indication of a number of narrowband filters to transmit at least one repeated bit. For example, the BS 110 can indicate whether one narrowband filter or multiple narrowband filters are to be used for one information bit, and if multiple narrowband filters are to be used, the BS 110 can indicate a number of narrowband filters to be used for repeating the information bit (e.g., a number of narrowband filters per information bit). Including an indication of the number of narrowband filters in the configuration can enable the UE 120 to use an appropriate number of fixed bandwidth narrowband filters for backscatter of the repeated bits.

[0157] The narrowband filters can have tunable bandwidths. The BS 110 can indicate, via the configuration, a number of narrowband filters to be used for repeating the information bits (e.g., a number of narrowband filters per information bit). In some examples, the configuration can include an indication that each narrowband filter is to transmit at least one repeated bit. For example, the configuration can indicate a common repetition for all narrowband filters. Including an indication that each narrowband filter is to transmit at least one repeated bit in the configuration can enable the UE 120 to transmit repeated bits in the case that the narrowband filters have the same bandwidth. In some examples, the configuration can include an indication for each narrowband filter of whether the narrowband filter is to transmit at least one repeated bit. Including an indication that each narrowband filter is to transmit at least one repeated bit in the configuration can enable the UE 120 to transmit repeated bits in the case that different narrowband filters have different bandwidths (e.g., frequencies with deeper fading can have larger cluster sizes, and thus more repetition).

[0158] As described above, block / cluster / narrowband-based backscatter can be indicated based on a block or cluster size (e.g., a bandwidth of a filter) and / or a duration of each bit at each narrowband filter. The indication of index modulation can include a duration of each bit at each narrowband filter and / or a number of narrowband filters to be used for index modulation. In some examples, a number of narrowband filters per information bit (e.g., a number of narrowband filters to be used for a same bit) can be signaled. In some examples, one or more commands (e.g., configurations) described herein can be transmitted via DCI or as RRC configurations, and can involve one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) tables (e.g., tables 1100, 1110, and / or 1120).

[0159] Figure 13 A method 1300 for wireless communication by a UE, such as the UE 120, is shown.

[0160] The method 1300 begins, at step 1310, with transmitting an indication of a filtering capability of the UE.

[0161] The method 1300 then proceeds to step 1320, where a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communication is received based at least in part on the filtering capability.

[0162] In one aspect, the configuration is for the one or more narrowband filters to perform the backscatter communication using index modulation.

[0163] In one aspect, the configuration is for the one or more narrowband filters to perform the backscatter communication based at least in part on an energy status of the UE.

[0164] In one aspect, the configuration is for the one or more narrowband filters to perform the parity check using index modulation.

[0165] In one aspect, the configuration is for the one or more narrowband filters to perform the data transmission using index modulation.

[0166] In one aspect, the configuration includes an indication of a number of bits to be transmitted using index modulation.

[0167] In one aspect, the indication of the number of bits includes an indication of a number of at least one narrowband filter of the one or more narrowband filters in which at least one of the bits is to be transmitted.

[0168] In one aspect, the indication of the number of bits is an explicit indication of the number of bits.

[0169] In one aspect, the configuration includes an indication of a duration of the data transmission.

[0170] In one aspect, the indication of the duration of the data transmission includes an explicit indication of the duration of the data transmission.

[0171] In one aspect, the indication of the duration of the data transmission is an indication of a ratio of the duration of the data transmission to a reference duration.

[0172] In one aspect, the configuration is based at least in part on one or more of a first table including one or more first parameters associated with repetition bits or a second table including one or more second parameters associated with index modulation.

[0173] In one aspect, the configuration is based at least in part on a table including one or more first parameters associated with repetition bits and one or more second parameters associated with index modulation.

[0174] In one aspect, the configuration is based at least in part on an identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0175] In one aspect, the identification of the one or more narrowband filters is based at least in part on a rule for identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0176] In one aspect, the configuration includes an identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0177] In one aspect, the identification of the one or more narrowband filters includes an indication of at least one index of at least one of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0178] In one aspect, the at least one index includes one or more indices of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0179] In one aspect, the one or more narrowband filters include a plurality of narrowband filters, the one or more indices include a plurality of indices of the plurality of narrowband filters, the at least one index includes a lowest index of the plurality of indices, and the configuration further includes an indication of a number of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0180] In one aspect, the identification of the one or more narrowband filters includes a bitmap.

[0181] In one aspect, the identification of the one or more narrowband filters includes an indication of one or more subcarriers on which the one or more narrowband filters are configured to operate.

[0182] In one aspect, the one or more narrowband filters include a plurality of narrowband filters, the one or more subcarriers include a plurality of subcarriers on which the plurality of narrowband filters are configured to operate, and the indication of the plurality of subcarriers includes an indication of a lowest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a highest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers.

[0183] In one aspect, the one or more narrowband filters include a plurality of narrowband filters, the one or more subcarriers include a plurality of subcarriers on which the plurality of narrowband filters are configured to operate, and the indication of the plurality of subcarriers includes an indication of a lowest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a frequency range of the plurality of subcarriers.

[0184] In one aspect, the one or more narrowband filters include a plurality of narrowband filters having a plurality of tunable bandwidths, and the configuration includes an indication that each narrowband filter of the plurality of narrowband filters is to transmit at least one repetition bit.

[0185] In one aspect, the one or more narrowband filters include a plurality of narrowband filters having a plurality of tunable bandwidths, and the configuration includes an indication for each narrowband filter of the plurality of narrowband filters of whether the narrowband filter is to transmit at least one repetition bit.

[0186] In one aspect, the UE is a surrounding IoT device.

[0187] In one aspect, the method 1300, or any aspect related thereto, can be performed by a device, such as the communication device 1500 of FIG. 15, that includes various components operable to, configured to, or adapted to perform the method 1300. The communication device 1500 is described in greater detail below. Figure 15

[0188] Note that Figure 13 The method 1300 is merely one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible according to this disclosure.

[0189] Figure 14 A method 1400 for wireless communication by a network entity, such as a BS 110, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 1, is shown. Figure 3

[0190] The method 1400 begins at step 1410, where an indication of a filtering capability of a UE is obtained.

[0191] The method 1400 then proceeds to step 1420, where a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communication is output based at least in part on the filtering capability.

[0192] In one aspect, the configuration is for the one or more narrowband filters to perform backscatter communication using index modulation.

[0193] In one aspect, the configuration is for the one or more narrowband filters to perform backscatter communication based at least in part on an energy status of the UE.

[0194] In one aspect, the configuration is for the one or more narrowband filters to perform parity check using index modulation.

[0195] In one aspect, the configuration is for the one or more narrowband filters to perform data transmission using index modulation.

[0196] In one aspect, the configuration includes an indication of a number of bits to be transmitted using index modulation.

[0197] In one aspect, the indication of the number of bits includes an indication of a number of at least one narrowband filter of the one or more narrowband filters in which at least one of the bits is to be transmitted.

[0198] In one aspect, the indication of the number of bits is an explicit indication of the number of bits.

[0199] In one aspect, the configuration includes an indication of a duration of the data transmission.

[0200] ​​In one aspect, the indication of the duration of the data transmission comprises an explicit indication of the duration of the data transmission.

[0201] In one aspect, the indication of the duration of the data transmission is an indication of a ratio of the duration of the data transmission to a reference duration.

[0202] In one aspect, the configuration is based at least in part on one or more of a first table comprising one or more first parameters associated with repetition bits or a second table comprising one or more second parameters associated with index modulation.

[0203] In one aspect, the configuration is based at least in part on a table comprising one or more first parameters associated with repetition bits and one or more second parameters associated with index modulation.

[0204] In one aspect, the configuration is based at least in part on an identification of one or more narrowband filters.

[0205] In one aspect, the identification of the one or more narrowband filters is based at least in part on a rule for identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0206] In one aspect, the configuration comprises an identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0207] In one aspect, the identification of the one or more narrowband filters comprises an indication of at least one index of at least one of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0208] In one aspect, the at least one index comprises one or more indices of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0209] In one aspect, the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, the one or more indices comprise a plurality of indices of the plurality of narrowband filters, the at least one index comprises a lowest index of the plurality of indices, and the configuration further comprises an indication of a number of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0210] In one aspect, the identification of the one or more narrowband filters comprises a bitmap.

[0211] In one aspect, the identification of the one or more narrowband filters comprises an indication of one or more subcarriers on which the one or more narrowband filters are configured to operate.

[0212] In one aspect, the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, the one or more subcarriers comprise a plurality of subcarriers on which the plurality of narrowband filters are configured to operate, and the indication of the plurality of subcarriers comprises an indication of a lowest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a highest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers.

[0213] In one aspect, the one or more narrowband filters includes a plurality of narrowband filters, the one or more subcarriers includes a plurality of subcarriers over which the plurality of narrowband filters are configured to operate, and the indication of the plurality of subcarriers includes an indication of a lowest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a frequency range of the plurality of subcarriers.

[0214] In one aspect, the one or more narrowband filters includes a plurality of narrowband filters having a plurality of tunable bandwidths, and the configuration includes an indication for each narrowband filter of the plurality of narrowband filters of whether the narrowband filter is to transmit at least one repetition bit.

[0215] In one aspect, the one or more narrowband filters includes a plurality of narrowband filters having a plurality of tunable bandwidths, and the configuration includes an indication for each narrowband filter of the plurality of narrowband filters of whether the narrowband filter is to transmit at least one repetition bit.

[0216] In one aspect, the UE is a surrounding IoT device.

[0217] In one aspect, the method 1400, or any aspect related thereto, can be performed by an apparatus, such as the communication device 1600, that includes various components enabled to, configured to, or adapted to, perform the method 1400. The communication device 1600 is described in greater detail below. Figure 16

[0218] Note that, Figure 14 The method 1400 is just one example, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible under the present disclosure.

[0219] Figure 15 is a diagram that illustrates an example of a specific implementation of code and circuitry for a communication device 1500 according to the present disclosure. The communication device 1500 can be a UE, or a UE can include the communication device 1500.

[0220] The communication device 1500 includes a processing system 1502 coupled to a transceiver 1508 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver). The transceiver 1508 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communication device 1500 via an antenna 1510, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 1502 can be configured to perform processing functions of the communication device 1500, including processing signals received by and / or to be transmitted by the communication device 1500.

[0221] The processing system 1502 includes one or more processors 1520. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1520 can represent one or more of receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280, as described with respect to FIG. 2. Figure 2 ​The one or more processors 1520 are coupled to the computer-readable medium / memory 1530 via bus 1506. In various aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1530 can represent a memory 282, as described with respect to FIG. 2, that is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1520, cause the one or more processors 1520 to perform Figure 2 In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1530 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1520, cause the one or more processors 1520 to perform the methods 1300 described herein or any aspect related thereto. Figure 13 The one or more processors 1520 are coupled to the computer-readable medium / memory 1530 via bus 1506. In various aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1530 can represent a memory 282, as described with respect to FIG. 2, that is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1520, cause the one or more processors 1520 to perform

[0222] As described above, the communication device 1500 can include circuitry for receiving a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of a UE for backscatter communication (circuitry 1545). Figure 15 As described above, the communication device 1500 can include circuitry for receiving a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of a UE for backscatter communication (circuitry 1545).

[0223] As described above, the communication device 1500 can include circuitry for receiving a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of a UE for backscatter communication (circuitry 1545). Figure 15 As described above, the communication device 1500 can include circuitry for receiving a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of a UE for backscatter communication (circuitry 1545).

[0224] As described above, the communication device 1500 can include circuitry for receiving a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of a UE for backscatter communication (circuitry 1545). Figure 15 As described above, the communication device 1500 can include circuitry for receiving a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of a UE for backscatter communication (circuitry 1545).

[0225] As described above, the communication device 1500 can include circuitry for receiving a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of a UE for backscatter communication (circuitry 1545). Figure 15 As described above, the communication device 1500 can include circuitry for receiving a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of a UE for backscatter communication (circuitry 1545).

[0226] The various components of the communication device 1500 can provide functionality to perform the methods described herein, or any aspect related thereto. Figure 13 The various components of the communication device 1500 can provide functionality to perform the methods described herein, or any aspect related thereto. For example, means for transmitting, communicating, or outputting for transmission can comprise the transceiver 254 and / or the antennas 252 of the UE 120, and / or the transceiver 1508 and the antennas 1510 of the communication device 1500 in Figure 15 The various components of the communication device 1500 can provide functionality to perform the methods described herein, or any aspect related thereto. For example, means for transmitting, communicating, or outputting for transmission can comprise the transceiver 254 and / or the antennas 252 of the UE 120, and / or the transceiver 1508 and the antennas 1510 of the communication device 1500 in Figure 15 The various components of the communication device 1500 can provide functionality to perform the methods described herein, or any aspect related thereto. For example, means for transmitting, communicating, or outputting for transmission can comprise the transceiver 254 and / or the antennas 252 of the UE 120, and / or the transceiver 1508 and the antennas 1510 of the communication device 1500 in

[0227] Figure 15 are provided as examples. Other examples can be provided and are within the scope of this disclosure. For example, one or more aspects of this disclosure can be used in conjunction with a device having more than one receiver or transceiver, or a device having more than one transmitter. Figure 15The described examples differ.

[0228] Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a specific implementation of code and circuitry for a communication device 1600 in accordance with the present disclosure. The communication device 1600 can be a network entity such as a BS 110 or as described with respect to Figure 3 a disaggregated base station, or the network entity can include the communication device 1600.

[0229] The communication device 1600 includes a processing system 1602 coupled to a transceiver 1608 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver). The transceiver 1608 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communication device 1600 via an antenna 1610, such as the various signals as described herein. A network interface 1612 is configured to obtain and transmit signals for the communication device 1600 via a communication link, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a front haul link as described herein, such as with respect to Figure 3 The processing system 1602 can be configured to perform processing functions of the communication device 1600, including processing signals received by the communication device 1600 and / or to be transmitted by the communication device.

[0230] The processing system 1602 includes one or more processors 1620. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1620 can represent one or more of the reception processor 238, the transmission processor 220, the TX MIMO processor 230, and / or the controller / processor 240, as described with respect to Figure 2 The one or more processors 1620 are coupled to a computer- readable medium / memory 1630 via a bus 1606. In various aspects, the computer- readable medium / memory 1630 can represent the memory 242, as described with respect to Figure 2 In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1630 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1620, cause the one or more processors 1620 to perform the method 1400 described with respect to Figure 14 any aspects related thereto, as described with respect to

[0231] As shown in Figure 16 The communication device 1600 can include circuitry for obtaining an indication of a filtering capability of a UE (circuitry 1635), as shown in

[0232] As shown in Figure 16As shown, the communication device 1600 can include circuitry (circuitry 1645) to output, based at least in part on the filtering capability, a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communication.

[0233] As shown, the communication device 1600 can include circuitry (circuitry 1645) to output, based at least in part on the filtering capability, a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communication. Figure 16 As shown, the communication device 1600 can include circuitry (circuitry 1645) to output, based at least in part on the filtering capability, a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communication.

[0234] Figure 16 As shown, the communication device 1600 can include circuitry (circuitry 1645) to output, based at least in part on the filtering capability, a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communication.

[0235] The various components of the communication device 1600 can provide functionality to perform the steps of the Figure 14 method 1400 described herein or any aspects related thereto. For example, the means for receiving or obtaining can include the transceiver 232 and / or the antenna 234 of the BS 110, and / or the transceiver 1608 and the antenna 1610 of the communication device 1600 in Figure 16 FIG. 15. The means for transmitting, communicating, or outputting for transmission can include the transceiver 232 and / or the antenna 234 of the BS 110, and / or the transceiver 1608 and the antenna 1610 of the communication device 1600 in Figure 16 FIG. 15. The means for receiving or obtaining can include the transceiver 232 and / or the antenna 234 of the BS 110, and / or the transceiver 1608 and the antenna 1610 of the communication device 1600 in

[0236] Figure 16 are provided as examples. Other examples can differ from what is described in this regard. Figure 16

[0237] An overview of some aspects of the disclosure is provided below:

[0238] Aspect 1 : A method of wireless communication performed by a UE, the method comprising: transmitting an indication of a filtering capability of the UE; and receiving, based at least in part on the filtering capability, a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communication.

[0239] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the configuration configures the one or more narrowband filters to perform the backscatter communication using index modulation.

[0240] Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the configuration configures the one or more narrowband filters to perform the backscatter communication based at least in part on an energy state of the UE.

[0241] ​​Aspect 4: The method of aspect 2, wherein the configuring configures the one or more narrowband filters to perform parity check using the index modulation.

[0242] Aspect 5: The method of aspect 2, wherein the configuring configures the one or more narrowband filters to perform data transmission using the index modulation.

[0243] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein the configuring comprises an indication of a number of bits to be transmitted using the index modulation.

[0244] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, wherein the indication of the number of bits comprises an indication of a number of at least one narrowband filter of the one or more narrowband filters in which at least one of the bits is to be transmitted.

[0245] Aspect 8: The method of aspect 6, wherein the indication of the number of bits is an explicit indication of the number of bits.

[0246] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 5, wherein the configuring comprises an indication of a duration of the data transmission.

[0247] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein the indication of the duration of the data transmission comprises an explicit indication of the duration of the data transmission.

[0248] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 9, wherein the indication of the duration of the data transmission is an indication of a ratio of the duration of the data transmission to a reference duration.

[0249] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the configuring is based at least in part on one or more of a first table comprising one or more first parameters associated with repetition bits or a second table comprising one or more second parameters associated with index modulation.

[0250] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, wherein the configuring is based at least in part on a table comprising one or more first parameters associated with repetition bits and one or more second parameters associated with index modulation.

[0251] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 1 through 13, wherein the configuring is based at least in part on an identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0252] Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, wherein the identification of the one or more narrowband filters is based at least in part on a rule for the identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0253] Aspect 16: The method of aspect 14, wherein the configuration comprises the identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0254] Aspect 17: The method of aspect 16, wherein the identification of the one or more narrowband filters comprises an indication of at least one index of at least one narrowband filter of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0255] Aspect 18: The method of aspect 17, wherein the at least one index comprises one or more indices of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0256] Aspect 19: The method of aspect 17, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprises a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the one or more indices comprises a plurality of indices of the plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the at least one index comprises a lowest index of the plurality of indices, and wherein the configuration further comprises an indication of a number of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0257] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 16, wherein the identification of the one or more narrowband filters comprises a bitmap.

[0258] Aspect 21: The method of aspect 14, wherein the identification of the one or more narrowband filters comprises an indication of one or more subcarriers on which the one or more narrowband filters are configured to operate.

[0259] Aspect 22: The method of aspect 21, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprises a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the one or more subcarriers comprises a plurality of subcarriers on which the plurality of narrowband filters are configured to operate, wherein the indication of the plurality of subcarriers comprises an indication of a lowest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a highest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers.

[0260] Aspect 23: The method of aspect 21, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprises a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the one or more subcarriers comprises a plurality of subcarriers on which the plurality of narrowband filters are configured to operate, wherein the indication of the plurality of subcarriers comprises an indication of a lowest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a frequency range of the plurality of subcarriers.

[0261] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 1 through 23, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein each narrowband filter of the plurality of narrowband filters has a respective fixed bandwidth, and wherein the configuration comprises an indication of a number of the plurality of narrowband filters from which at least one repetition bit is to be transmitted.

[0262] Aspect 25: The method of any of aspects 1 through 24, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters having a plurality of tunable bandwidths, and wherein the configuration comprises an indication of each narrowband filter of the plurality of narrowband filters from which at least one repetition bit is to be transmitted.

[0263] Aspect 26: The method of any of aspects 1 through 25, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters having a plurality of tunable bandwidths, and wherein the configuration comprises an indication for each narrowband filter of the plurality of narrowband filters of whether the narrowband filter is to transmit at least one repetition bit.

[0264] Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 1 through 26, wherein the UE is a surrounding IoT device.

[0265] Aspect 28: A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, comprising: obtaining an indication of a filtering capability of a UE; and outputting, based at least in part on the filtering capability, a configuration of one or more narrowband filters of the UE for backscatter communication.

[0266] Aspect 29: The method of aspect 28, wherein the configuration for the one or more narrowband filters to perform the backscatter communication using index modulation.

[0267] Aspect 30: The method of aspect 29, wherein the configuration for the one or more narrowband filters to perform the backscatter communication based at least in part on an energy state of the UE.

[0268] Aspect 31 : The method of aspect 29, wherein the configuration for the one or more narrowband filters to perform parity check using the index modulation.

[0269] Aspect 32: The method of aspect 29, wherein the configuration for the one or more narrowband filters to perform data transmission using the index modulation.

[0270] Aspect 33: The method of aspect 32, wherein the configuration comprises an indication of a number of bits to be transmitted using the index modulation.

[0271] Aspect 34: The method of aspect 33, wherein the indication of the number of the bits comprises an indication of a number of at least one narrowband filter of the one or more narrowband filters in which at least one of the bits is to be transmitted.

[0272] Aspect 35: The method of aspect 33, wherein the indication of the number of the bits is an explicit indication of the number of the bits.

[0273] Aspect 36: The method of aspect 32, wherein the configuration comprises an indication of a duration of the data transmission.

[0274] Aspect 37: The method of aspect 36, wherein the indication of the duration of the data transmission comprises an explicit indication of the duration of the data transmission.

[0275] Aspect 38: The method of aspect 36, wherein the indication of the duration of the data transmission is an indication of a ratio of the duration of the data transmission to a reference duration.

[0276] Aspect 39: The method of any of aspects 28-38, wherein the configuration is based at least in part on one or more of a first table comprising one or more first parameters associated with repetition bits or a second table comprising one or more second parameters associated with index modulation.

[0277] Aspect 40: The method of any of aspects 28-39, wherein the configuration is based at least in part on a table comprising one or more first parameters associated with repetition bits and one or more second parameters associated with index modulation.

[0278] Aspect 41: The method of any of aspects 28-40, wherein the configuration is based at least in part on an identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0279] Aspect 42: The method of aspect 41, wherein the identification of the one or more narrowband filters is based at least in part on a rule for the identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0280] Aspect 43: The method of aspect 41, wherein the configuration comprises the identification of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0281] Aspect 44: The method of aspect 43, wherein the identification of the one or more narrowband filters comprises an indication of at least one index of at least one narrowband filter of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0282] Aspect 45: The method of aspect 44, wherein the at least one index comprises one or more indices of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0283] Aspect 46: The method of aspect 44, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the one or more indices comprise a plurality of indices of the plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the at least one index comprises a lowest index of the plurality of indices, and wherein the configuration further comprises an indication of a number of the one or more narrowband filters.

[0284] Aspect 47: The method of aspect 43, wherein the identification of the one or more narrowband filters comprises a bitmap.

[0285] Aspect 48: The method of aspect 41, wherein the identification of the one or more narrowband filters comprises an indication of one or more subcarriers on which the one or more narrowband filters are configured to operate.

[0286] Aspect 49: The method of aspect 48, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the one or more subcarriers comprise a plurality of subcarriers on which the plurality of narrowband filters are configured to operate, wherein the indication of the plurality of subcarriers comprises an indication of a lowest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a highest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers.

[0287] Aspect 50: The method of aspect 48, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the one or more subcarriers comprise a plurality of subcarriers on which the plurality of narrowband filters are configured to operate, wherein the indication of the plurality of subcarriers comprises an indication of a lowest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a range of frequencies of the plurality of subcarriers.

[0288] Aspect 51 : The method of any one of aspects 28-50, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein each narrowband filter of the plurality of narrowband filters has a respective fixed bandwidth, and wherein the configuration comprises an indication of a number of the plurality of narrowband filters for which at least one repetition bit is to be transmitted.

[0289] Aspect 52: The method of any one of aspects 28-51, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters having a plurality of tunable bandwidths, and wherein the configuration comprises an indication of each narrowband filter of the plurality of narrowband filters for which at least one repetition bit is to be transmitted.

[0290] Aspect 53: The method of any of aspects 28-52, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters having a plurality of tunable bandwidths, and wherein the configuration comprises an indication for each narrowband filter of the plurality of narrowband filters of whether the narrowband filter is to transmit at least one repetition bit.

[0291] Aspect 54: The method of any of aspects 28-53, wherein the UE is a surrounding IoT device.

[0292] Aspect 55: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of aspects 1-54.

[0293] Aspect 56: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of aspects 1-54.

[0294] Aspect 57: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of aspects 1-54.

[0295] Aspect 58: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of aspects 1-54.

[0296] Aspect 59: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of aspects 1-54.

[0297] While the foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure or from practice of the aspects.

[0298] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be interpreted broadly as hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other names, "software" should be interpreted broadly as meaning instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, and / or functions, etc. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in various forms of hardware and / or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limiting in any way. Therefore, no specific software code is referenced herein to describe the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods, as those skilled in the art will understand that the software and hardware can be designed, at least in part, based on the descriptions herein, to implement the systems and / or methods.

[0299] As used in this article, depending on the context, "meeting the threshold" can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0300] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically set forth in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the set of claims. As used herein, the phrase referring to “at least one of” in the list of entries means any combination of these entries, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination with multiple of the same element (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0301] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Also, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with “one or more.” If only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language will be used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit any element to the presence of only a single instance of the element. Rather, these terms are intended to cover the presence of one or more instances of the element, unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be used in the same open-ended way as the terms “have” and “having” above, unless otherwise specified and will be interpreted to mean either exclusion or inclusion of a zero, one or more to the listed possible alternatives; e.g., A uses B or C allows any element A to use either B alone, C alone, or both B and C; however, A does not have to use B or C. In addition, the terms “based on” are intended to be open-ended terms that are to be interpreted in the same way as the term “based on” is interpreted in the claims. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to be open-ended terms that are to be interpreted in the same way as the term “comprising” is interpreted in the claims.

[0302] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting in terms of the scope, application, or aspects of the subject technology, and various modifications can be made to these examples by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope commensurate herewith. For example, while the examples provided are primarily taught in the context of particular apparatus and methods, other alternatives can be used and equivalents employed. Still other modifications can occur to those skilled in the art while practicing the subject technology and are intended to be within the scope of the claims. The various aspects of the disclosure have been described in the context of particular examples to provide a thorough understanding of the subject technology. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the subject technology can be practiced without these specific details. Certain elements, acts, or functions have been described as being part of one or more aspects. It should be understood that such elements, acts, or functions can be implemented in many different ways as long as the functionality of the subject technology is preserved. These and other modifications can be made to the disclosure in light of the foregoing description. The terms “comprise,” “include,” and “comprising,” and “including” as used herein are specifically intended to be open-ended and also specifically intended to mean “consisting of.” The use of any and all pronouns in this document, including “he,” “his,” “him,” “his,” “her,” and “she,” are intended to be inclusive of gender diversity, e.g., a person or persons assigned male or female at birth, a person having a gender different from that typically associated with a particular

[0303] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure herein can be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a

[0304] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.

[0305] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for implementing the methods. The method actions can be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, the order of the specific actions can be modified, and / or used, without departing from the scope of the claims unless a specific order is specified. Further, various operations of the methods described above can be performed by any suitable means without departing from the scope of the claims. Such means can include any appropriate hardware and / or software configured as or otherwise operating as the relevant means. For example, a method disclosed herein can be implemented by a processor, such as a general purpose or other type of processor operating under software control.

[0306] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within the claims, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “comprises” is used herein to mean that the named stages comprise at least the recited elements, but do not exclude the presence of other elements. The term “some” is used herein to refer to one or more. Any claim element not specifically recited in a claim should not be considered to be required unless the claim element is explicitly recited in that claim. All structural and functional equivalents to aspects described herein that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, the user equipment (UE) comprising: Memory; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said memory and configured to cause said UE to: Send an indication of the filtering capability of the UE; as well as The configuration of one or more narrowband filters for backscatter communication of the UE is received at least in part based on the filtering capability.

2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the configuration allows the one or more narrowband filters to perform the backscatter communication using index modulation.

3. The UE of claim 2, wherein the configuration allows the one or more narrowband filters to perform the backscatter communication at least in part based on the energy state of the UE.

4. The UE of claim 2, wherein the configuration allows the one or more narrowband filters to perform parity checking using the index modulation.

5. The UE of claim 2, wherein the configuration allows the one or more narrowband filters to perform data transmission using the index modulation.

6. The UE of claim 5, wherein the configuration includes an indication of the number of bits to be transmitted using the index modulation.

7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the indication of the number of the bits includes an indication of the number of at least one narrowband filter of the one or more narrowband filters for transmitting at least one bit of the bits.

8. The UE of claim 6, wherein the indication of the number of the bits is an explicit indication of the number of the bits.

9. The UE of claim 5, wherein the configuration includes an indication of the duration of the data transmission.

10. The UE of claim 9, wherein the indication of the duration of the data transmission includes an explicit indication of the duration of the data transmission.

11. The UE of claim 9, wherein the indication of the duration of the data transmission is an indication of the ratio of the duration of the data transmission to a reference duration.

12. The UE of claim 1, wherein the configuration is based at least in part on one or more of a first table including one or more first parameters associated with repetition bits or a second table including one or more second parameters associated with index modulation.

13. The UE of claim 1, wherein the configuration is based at least in part on a table comprising one or more first parameters associated with a repeat bit and one or more second parameters associated with index modulation.

14. The UE of claim 1, wherein the configuration is based at least in part on the identifiers of the one or more narrowband filters.

15. The UE of claim 14, wherein the identifier of the one or more narrowband filters is based at least in part on a rule for the identifier of the one or more narrowband filters.

16. The UE of claim 14, wherein the configuration includes the identifier of the one or more narrowband filters.

17. The UE of claim 16, wherein the identifier of the one or more narrowband filters includes an indication of at least one index of at least one of the one or more narrowband filters.

18. The UE of claim 17, wherein the at least one index comprises one or more indices of the one or more narrowband filters.

19. The UE of claim 17, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the one or more indices comprise a plurality of indices of the plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the at least one index comprises the lowest index of the plurality of indices, and wherein the configuration further comprises an indication of the number of the one or more narrowband filters.

20. The UE of claim 16, wherein the identifier of the one or more narrowband filters comprises a bitmap.

21. The UE of claim 14, wherein the identifier of the one or more narrowband filters includes an indication of one or more subcarriers on which the one or more narrowband filters are configured to operate.

22. The UE of claim 21, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the one or more subcarriers comprise a plurality of subcarriers on which the plurality of narrowband filters are configured to operate, wherein the indication of the plurality of subcarriers comprises an indication of the lowest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and the highest frequency of the plurality of subcarriers.

23. The UE of claim 21, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, wherein the one or more subcarriers comprise a plurality of subcarriers on which the plurality of narrowband filters are configured to operate, wherein the indication of the plurality of subcarriers comprises an indication of a minimum frequency of the plurality of subcarriers and a frequency range of the plurality of subcarriers.

24. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters, each of the plurality of narrowband filters having a corresponding fixed bandwidth, and wherein the configuration includes an indication of the number of the plurality of narrowband filters to transmit at least one repeating bit.

25. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters having a plurality of tunable bandwidths, and wherein the configuration includes an indication that each of the plurality of narrowband filters is to transmit at least one repeat bit.

26. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more narrowband filters comprise a plurality of narrowband filters having a plurality of tunable bandwidths, and wherein the configuration includes an indication for each of the plurality of narrowband filters whether the narrowband filter is to transmit at least one repeat bit.

27. The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE is a peripheral Internet of Things (IoT) device.

28. A network entity for wireless communication, the network entity comprising: Memory; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said memory and configured to cause said network entity to: Obtain an indication of the filtering capabilities of the user equipment (UE); and The configuration of one or more narrowband filters for backscatter communication of the UE is output at least in part based on the filtering capability.

29. A method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Send an indication of the filtering capability of the UE; as well as The configuration of one or more narrowband filters for backscatter communication of the UE is received at least in part based on the filtering capability.

30. A method for wireless communication performed by a network entity, the method comprising: Obtain an indication of the filtering capabilities of the user equipment (UE); as well as The configuration of one or more narrowband filters for backscatter communication of the UE is output at least in part based on the filtering capability.

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