Length-adjustable half cannula for operation

Abstract

The invention provides a length-adjustable half cannula for surgery, which comprises a handle and a retraction plate, the retraction plate is provided with an operation surface for a surgical instrument to pass through and a back surface attached to a tissue incision channel, and the length-adjustable half cannula is characterized by further comprising an extension plate arranged at the lower position of the operation surface and capable of stretching and moving in the vertical direction; the linkage mechanism is arranged on the retraction plate and is provided with a connecting part which is connected with the extension plate and drives the extension plate to move or be locked, and a driving part which can drive the connecting part to move or be locked; the operating piece is arranged on the handle or the retraction plate or the extension plate, and the operating piece is connected with the driving part of the linkage mechanism so as to control the extension plate to move or be locked through the operating piece. An operator can adjust the downward extending length of the extension plate relative to the retraction plate in real time according to the anatomical structure difference of a patient or the depth requirement of an operation channel, dependence on instruments of various specifications is not needed, operation interruption and instrument replacement due to channel depth change are not needed, the operation time is shortened, and the device is particularly suitable for complex or multi-section operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention application relates to the field of medical devices, specifically to an adjustable-length surgical half-cannula. Background Technology

[0002] In spinal endoscopic surgery, especially in dual-channel spinal endoscopic minimally invasive surgery, a surgical semi-cannula is a key tool for maintaining instrument access and protecting soft tissue. Existing semi-cannulas typically consist of a retraction plate and a handle end, designed to address issues such as instrument guidance, tissue protection, and intraoperative drainage during surgery.

[0003] However, existing half-cannula designs still have significant limitations: the length of the retraction plate is fixed and cannot be adjusted. Specifically, the retraction plate portion of a half-cannula is usually of a single, pre-set length, while in clinical surgery, patients' anatomical structures vary greatly, and the surgical channel depth may differ depending on the location of the lesion, the patient's body type, or the chosen surgical procedure. For example, the required channel depth differs significantly between lumbar and cervical spine surgeries, and even different segments of the same patient may require retraction plates of different lengths.

[0004] Therefore, the fixed length design of the pull-out plate leads to the following problems: 1. Poor clinical adaptability: Operators need to prepare various sizes of half-cannulas in advance to match different depth requirements, which increases the cost of instrument inventory management, and the time-consuming replacement during the operation may delay the operation process; 2. Limited operational flexibility: If the selected half-cannula length does not match the depth of the surgical channel, the retractor may not be able to reach the target position completely, affecting the stability and accuracy of instrument operation, and may even cause soft tissue damage due to excessive traction. 3. Increased potential risks: An overly long retractor may compress surrounding nerves or blood vessels, while an overly short retractor may slip during surgery due to ineffective fixation, both of which may increase the risk of surgical complications. 4. Waste of resources: The preparation of multi-specification half-sleeves requires additional investment in materials and production costs, and some specifications may be idle due to low usage frequency.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an adjustable-length half-cannula that can adapt to different surgical channel depths. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems and deficiencies by providing an adjustable-length surgical half-cannula to effectively solve the problems existing in the fixed-length design of the existing retraction plate.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: The present invention discloses an adjustable-length surgical half-cannula, comprising a handle located outside a tissue incision and a retraction plate extending into the tissue incision. The retraction plate has an operating surface for surgical instruments to pass through and a back surface that conforms to the tissue incision channel. The handle is connected to the upper end of the retraction plate and extends toward the back surface. The invention is characterized by further comprising: an extension plate disposed at the lower part of the operating surface and capable of telescopically moving relative to the retraction plate in a vertical direction; a linkage mechanism disposed on the retraction plate, the linkage mechanism having a connecting part connected to the extension plate and driving the extension plate to move or lock, and a driving part capable of driving the connecting part to move or lock; and an operating element disposed on the handle, retraction plate, or extension plate, the operating element being connected to the driving part of the linkage mechanism to realize control of the extension plate's movement or locking via the operating element.

[0008] In some embodiments, the operating element is disposed on the handle, and the linkage mechanism includes a horizontal transmission element and a vertical transmission element. One end of the horizontal transmission element is transmittedly connected to the driving part, and the other end is transmittedly connected to the upper end of the vertical transmission element. The lower part of the vertical transmission element is transmittedly connected to the connecting part. The operating element drives the driving part to drive the horizontal transmission element to operate, and the horizontal transmission element in turn drives the vertical transmission element to operate. Finally, the vertical transmission element drives the connecting part to move up and down.

[0009] Furthermore, the lateral transmission component is a transmission gear, and the corresponding vertical transmission component is a screw that is coaxially and synchronously connected to the transmission gear. The driving part is a driving gear that meshes with the transmission gear. The operating component is an operating knob that is coaxially and fixedly connected to the driving gear. The connecting part is a nut screwed onto the screw. One side of the nut is fixedly connected to the extension plate. The extension plate is extended and retracted by the screw rotating and driving the nut to move up and down along the length of the screw.

[0010] Furthermore, both the drive gear and the transmission gear are installed in the gear seat opened on the handle. The screw extends downward from the middle interior of the pull plate along the length direction of the pull plate. The pull plate is also provided with a slot for the nut to be accommodated and moved. The slot is open at least in the direction of the operating surface. The nut is provided with a connecting block protruding in the direction of the extension plate to be connected and fixed with the extension plate.

[0011] As a parallel solution, the lateral transmission component is a transmission rod with bevel teeth at both ends, and the corresponding vertical transmission component is a screw with bevel teeth at one end. The bevel teeth on the screw mesh with the bevel teeth at one end of the transmission rod. The driving part is a driving bevel tooth that meshes with the bevel teeth at the other end of the transmission rod. The operating component is an operating knob that is coaxially and fixedly connected to the driving bevel tooth. The connecting part is a nut screwed onto the screw. One side of the nut is fixedly connected to the extension plate. The extension plate is extended and retracted by the screw rotating and driving the nut to move up and down along the length of the screw.

[0012] As a parallel solution, the vertical transmission component is a moving rod with a rack facing the horizontal transmission component, the corresponding horizontal transmission component is a gear meshing with the rack, the driving part is a driving rod with one end passing through the middle hole of the gear, the operating component is a knob located on the side of the handle and connected to the other end of the driving rod, and the connecting part is a connecting block whose front end is fixedly connected to the back of the extension plate and whose rear end is fixedly connected to the moving rod. The extension and retraction of the extension plate is achieved by the gear driving the rack to move up and down.

[0013] In some embodiments, the operating element is disposed on the extension plate. The pull-out plate has a groove corresponding to the position of the extension plate that simultaneously penetrates the operating surface and the backing surface. The backing surface has multiple sets of mating recesses on both sides of the groove. The front end face of the connecting part has mating protrusions on both sides corresponding to at least two sets of mating recesses. The middle of the front end face of the connecting part has a forward-protruding insert block that is fitted into the extension plate. The operating element is a press button integrally disposed on the front end of the insert block. A cover plate is provided on the back of the groove to cover the back of the groove. A compression spring is provided between the connecting part and the cover plate. By pressing the press button, the mating protrusions are disengaged from the mating recesses, allowing the connecting part and the extension plate to slide up and down along the groove. When the press button is released, the compression spring drives the connecting part to return to its original position, causing the mating protrusions to connect with the mating recesses and locking the connecting part and the extension plate.

[0014] Another adjustable-length surgical half-cannula of the present invention includes a handle located outside the tissue incision and a retraction plate extending into the tissue incision. The retraction plate has an operating surface for surgical instruments to pass through and a back surface that conforms to the tissue incision channel. The handle is connected to the upper end of the retraction plate and extends toward the back surface. The invention is characterized by further including an extension plate and an elastic adjustment mechanism. The extension plate is located at the lower part of the operating surface. The extension plate is connected in cooperation with the elastic adjustment mechanism to enable it to extend and retract relative to the retraction plate in the vertical direction and to be locked in place.

[0015] In some embodiments, the elastic adjustment mechanism includes a movable plate and a linkage. The pull-out plate has a groove corresponding to the position of the extension plate, which passes through both the operating surface and the back surface. The linkage is a rack disposed on one side wall of the groove. The movable plate has a slat on the side near the rack, and a gap groove exists between the slat and the movable plate. The slat has teeth that mesh with the rack. The movable plate is fixedly connected to the back of the extension plate. When the extension plate is pushed up and down, the teeth and the rack are subjected to force, causing the slat to elastically deviate towards the gap groove, thereby disengaging the teeth and the rack. The movable plate moves up and down with the extension plate. When the pushing stops, the slat automatically resets, causing the teeth to mesh with the rack to lock the extension plate.

[0016] In some embodiments, the pull-out plate is bent toward the back surface to make the operating surface an arc-shaped concave surface, the extension plate is a corresponding arc-shaped plate and the back of the extension plate is in contact with the operating surface, and the width of the extension plate is less than or equal to the width of the pull-out plate.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention achieves adjustable half-cannula length by controlling the extension plate's extension and retraction. This allows the surgeon to adjust the length of the extension plate extending downward relative to the retraction plate in real time according to the patient's anatomical differences (such as different segments of the lumbar and cervical spine) or the required depth of the surgical channel, without relying on multiple sizes of instruments, thus achieving "one tube for multiple uses".

[0018] 2. Because this invention can be adjusted and controlled via the operating mechanism, it ensures that the end of the extension plate accurately reaches the target area, avoiding instrument deviation or tissue compression due to insufficient or excessive length, thus improving operational accuracy. It eliminates the need to interrupt surgery and change instruments due to changes in channel depth, shortening surgical time, and is particularly suitable for complex or multi-segment surgeries.

[0019] 3. The adjustable half-sleeve of the present invention replaces the traditional multi-specification products, reduces the development of multi-specification molds and material waste, lowers costs, and can also avoid idle resources.

[0020] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the adjustable length semi-sleeve of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the adjustable length semi-sleeve of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the adjustable length semi-sleeve of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the length extension state of the adjustable length semi-sleeve of the present invention, according to Embodiment 1. Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the linkage mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the adjustable length half-sleeve of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 5 of the adjustable length semi-sleeve of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded structural diagram of Embodiment 5 of the adjustable length semi-sleeve of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the movable component in Embodiment 5 of the adjustable length semi-sleeve of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment Six of the Adjustable Length Half-Sleeve of the present invention; Figure 10 This is an exploded structural diagram of Embodiment Six of the Adjustable Length Half-Sleeve of the present invention.

[0022] Figure label: Handle 1; Gear seat 11, cover 12; Pull-out plate 2; Operating surface 21, back surface 22, cylindrical channel 23, slot 24, slide groove 25, recess 26, back cover 27; Extension plate 3; Mounting position 31; Linkage mechanism 4; Drive unit 41, lateral transmission component 42, vertical transmission component 43, connecting part 44; Drive gear 411, transmission gear 421, screw 431, nut 441; Drive bevel gear 412, transmission rod 422, bevel gear 45; Matching concave hole 413, matching protruding post 414, insert block 443, compression spring 46; Operating component 5; Operate knob 51 and press button 52; Elastic adjustment mechanism 6; Activity board 61, linkage part 62; Elastic part 611, locking part 612, gap groove 613; 7. Barbs. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features, used to distinguish and describe features, without any order or emphasis.

[0025] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "fitting," "connected," "linked," and "installed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] The adjustable-length surgical half-cannula of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention relates to an adjustable-length surgical half-cannula, comprising a handle 1 located outside the tissue incision and a retraction plate 2 extending into the tissue incision. The retraction plate 2 has an operating surface 21 for surgical instruments to pass through and a backing surface 22 that conforms to the tissue incision channel. The handle 1 is connected to the upper end of the retraction plate 2 and extends toward the backing surface 22. Here, the tissue incision refers to the surgical channel constructed by the surgeon to cut open the skin and flesh at the lesion site of the patient in order to perform surgery.

[0029] The invention is characterized by an extension plate 3, a linkage mechanism 4, and an operating component 5. The extension plate 3 is located at the lower part of the operating surface 21 and can extend and retract relative to the pull-opening plate 2 in the vertical direction. When the extension plate 3 retracts upward until its end is flush with or higher than the bottom of the pull-opening plate 2, the extension plate 3 is inactive, and the length of the working part is equal to the length of the pull-opening plate 2. When the extension plate 3 moves downward and its end exceeds the bottom of the pull-opening plate 2, the length of the working part is equal to the length of the pull-opening plate 2 plus the length of the downward extension of the extension plate 3, i.e., the overall length of the working part increases. Therefore, in the design, the length of the pull-opening plate 2 can be kept at the shortest usable size, and when an extension is required, it is achieved by moving the extension plate 3 downward. The linkage mechanism 4 is installed on the retraction plate 2. The linkage mechanism 4 has a connecting part 44 that connects to the extension plate 3 and drives the extension plate 3 to move or lock, and a driving part 41 that can drive the connecting part 44 to move or lock. The driving part 41 drives the extension plate 3 to move or lock, so as to achieve controllable operation. The working part can be moved to extend or shorten as needed. After the length dimension is determined, it will be locked to avoid size changes during the operation and affect the clinical operation. The operating component 5 is mounted on the handle 1, the retraction plate 2, or the extension plate 3. The operating component 5 is connected to the drive unit 41 of the linkage mechanism 4 to control the movement or locking of the extension plate 3. The operating component 5 makes it easier for the surgeon to operate, and the ease of operation varies depending on the position of the operating component 5. For example, if the operating component is mounted on the handle 1, it can be adjusted in real time during the operation, which is very convenient. If the operating component is mounted on the retraction plate 2 or the extension plate 3, the length of the half-cannula needs to be adjusted according to the depth of the surgical channel before the operation and then inserted into the surgical channel. This can also meet the needs of different surgical channel depths, but the operation is not as free. However, the linkage mechanism 4 can be designed to be more compact, which saves costs.

[0030] This invention achieves an adjustable semi-cannula length through the telescoping of the extension plate 3. This allows the surgeon to adjust the length of the extension plate 3 relative to the retraction plate 2 in real time according to differences in the patient's anatomical structure (such as different segments of the lumbar and cervical spine) or the required depth of the surgical channel, eliminating the need for multiple sizes of instruments and achieving "one tube for multiple uses." Furthermore, the adjustment and control via the operating element 5 ensures that the end of the extension plate 3 accurately reaches the target area, avoiding instrument displacement or tissue compression due to insufficient or excessive length, thus improving operational precision. It eliminates the need to interrupt surgery and change instruments due to changes in channel depth, shortening surgical time, and is particularly suitable for complex or multi-segment surgeries.

[0031] To facilitate real-time adjustment of the working part length during surgery, a preferred embodiment of the present invention places the operating part on the handle 1. The specific surface on the handle 1 is not specifically limited and can be selected based on the style of the linkage mechanism 4 or ease of operation. Since the handle 1 is horizontally arranged, while the retraction plate 2 and extension plate 3 are vertically arranged, the linkage mechanism 4 in this embodiment includes a horizontal transmission member 42 and a vertical transmission member 43. The horizontal transmission member 42 is located on the handle 1, with one end connected to the drive unit 41 and the other end connected to the upper end of the vertical transmission member 43. The vertical transmission member 43 is located on the retraction plate 2, with its lower part connected to the connecting part 44. The operating member 5 drives the drive unit 41 to operate the horizontal transmission member 42, which in turn drives the vertical transmission member 43. Finally, the vertical transmission member 43 drives the connecting part 44 to move up and down.

[0032] Understandably, the operation of the lateral transmission component 42 and the vertical transmission component 43 can be rotation, movement, or oscillation.

[0033] The extension plate 3 of the present invention has the same shape as the retracting plate 2 to ensure that the back side of the extension plate 3 can fit as closely as possible to the operating surface 21 of the retracting plate 2. In one embodiment, the retracting plate 2 is bent toward the back surface 22 so that the operating surface 21 is an arc-shaped concave surface, such as... Figure 1-4 As shown in Figures 6-7 and 9-10, the extension plate 3 in this embodiment is also an arc-shaped plate. Furthermore, in order to avoid the extension plate 3 causing damage to the tissue or being blocked by the tissue after extending downward, the width of the extension plate 3 is preferably less than or equal to the width of the retraction plate 2.

[0034] The following is a detailed description of specific embodiments.

[0035] Example 1: like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the adjustable-length surgical half-cannula of this embodiment includes a handle 1, a retraction plate 2, an extension plate 3, a linkage mechanism 4, and an operating component 5. The retraction plate 2 is an arc-shaped plate so that its operating surface 21 is an arc-shaped concave surface, which is more conducive to the smooth passage of surgical instruments; the handle 1 is connected to the top of the retraction plate 2 and extends towards the back surface 22. The handle 1 is positioned outside the patient's tissue incision to support the half-cannula, preventing it from entering the surgical channel entirely, and also facilitating the removal of the half-cannula through the handle 1; the extension plate 3 is movably connected to the lower part of the operating surface 21 of the retraction plate 2, such as... Figure 1 The diagram shows the positional relationship between the extension plate 3 and the pulling plate 2 when the extension plate 3 is not extended downwards. Figure 4 The figure shows the positional relationship between the extension plate 3 and the pull-out plate 2 when the extension plate 3 extends downward to its longest distance.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the linkage mechanism 4 of this embodiment includes a drive unit 41, a linkage unit 62, a horizontal transmission member 42, and a vertical transmission member 43. The horizontal transmission member 42 is a transmission gear 421, and the corresponding vertical transmission member 43 is a screw 431 that is coaxially and synchronously connected to the transmission gear 421. The drive unit 41 is a drive gear 411 that meshes with the transmission gear 421. The operating member 5 is an operating knob 51 that is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drive gear 411. The operating member 5 is located in the middle of the upper surface of the handle 1. The connecting part 44 is a nut 441 that is screwed onto the screw 431. One side of the nut 441 is fixedly connected to the extension plate 3. The adjustment method is as follows: The operator turns the operating knob 51 to drive the drive gear 411 to rotate. The drive gear 411 drives the transmission gear 421 that meshes with it to rotate. Therefore, the screw 431 also rotates at the same speed as the transmission gear 421. At this time, the nut 441 cannot rotate with the screw 431 because it is fixedly connected to the extension plate 3. Therefore, the nut 441 will move up and down relative to the screw 431 under the rotation of the screw 431, and finally realize the extension and retraction of the extension plate 3. When the operator stops turning the operating knob 5, the nut 441 stops moving, that is, the extension plate 3 is locked.

[0037] In this embodiment, the drive gear 411 and transmission gear 421 can be directly mounted on the surface of the handle 1. However, to ensure the reliability of the linkage mechanism 4 transmission, such as Figure 3 As shown, preferably, a gear seat 11 is provided at the upper end of the handle 1, and then both the drive gear 411 and the transmission gear 421 are installed in the gear seat 11. A cover 12 is provided on the top of the gear seat 11 to cover it. The cover 12 has an opening for the axle of the drive gear 411 to extend out, and the operating member 5 is connected to the axle. The transmission ratio of the drive gear 411 and the transmission gear 421 in this embodiment can be designed according to actual needs, and is not specifically limited.

[0038] In this embodiment, the screw 431 can be located at the rear end of the back surface 22 of the retraction plate 2, or at the front end of the operating surface 21 of the retraction plate 2. To further prevent the screw 431 from being exposed, which could affect transmission and cause tissue damage, a housing can be fitted over the screw 431 to enclose it. However, this design would disrupt the surface smoothness of the back surface 22 and the operating surface 21 of the retraction plate 2, thus affecting the operation of surgical instruments or their fit with the surgical channel, and also occupying space in the surgical channel. Therefore, preferably... Figure 2As shown, a cylindrical channel 23 is provided in the middle of the pull-out plate 2. This channel extends from the bottom of the gear seat 11 down to the bottom of the pull-out plate 2, and the screw 431 is inserted into this channel. This eliminates the need to add a housing structure to the back surface 22 or the operating surface 21 of the pull-out plate 2, ensuring the smoothness of these two surfaces. Since only the lower part of the screw 431 needs to be threaded with the nut 441, the upper part of the screw 431 does not need to be threaded, saving processing time and reducing processing difficulty. The pull-out plate 2 is also provided with a slot 24 for the nut 441 to be received and moved. This slot 24 extends at least towards the operating surface 21 so that the connecting block protruding from the nut 441 towards the extension plate 3 can pass through the pull-out plate 2 to connect and fix it to the extension plate 3. The nut 441 can be restricted from rotating with the screw 431 by the extension plate 3, or by the mating relationship between the slot 24 and the connecting block. Alternatively, the outer contour of the nut 441 can be designed as rectangular, rectangular-like, or polygonal, etc. Figure 3 The outer contour of the nut 441 shown is roughly rectangular, and the corresponding slot 24 is also designed with the same shape. In this way, the slot 24 restricts the nut 441 from rotating with the screw 431.

[0039] In this embodiment, the operating element 5 is set on the upper surface of the handle 1. Therefore, after the retraction plate 2 is placed into the patient's surgical channel, if there is an error in the initial length adjustment, it can be finely adjusted directly by the operating element 5 on the handle 1 that remains outside the tissue incision. This ensures that the end of the extension plate 3 accurately reaches the target area, avoiding instrument displacement or tissue compression due to insufficient or excessive length, and improving the accuracy of operation. There is no need to remove half of the cannula for adjustment, making the operation relatively more convenient and faster.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the adjustable-length surgical half-cannula of this embodiment includes a handle 1, a retraction plate 2, an extension plate 3, a linkage mechanism 4, and an operating component 5. The handle 1, retraction plate 2, extension plate 3, and operating component 5 are the same as in Embodiment 1 and will not be described again.

[0042] The linkage mechanism 4 in this embodiment also includes a drive unit 41, a linkage unit 62, a horizontal transmission member 42, and a vertical transmission member 43. The horizontal transmission member 42 is a transmission rod 422 with bevel teeth 45 at both ends. The corresponding vertical transmission member 43 is a screw 431 with bevel teeth 45 at one end. The bevel teeth 45 on the screw 431 mesh with the bevel teeth 45 at one end of the transmission rod 422. The drive unit 41 is a drive bevel tooth 412 that meshes with the bevel teeth 45 at the other end of the transmission rod 422. The operating member 5 is coaxially fixedly connected to the drive bevel tooth 412. The connecting part 44 is a nut 441 screwed onto the screw 431. The nut 441 is fixedly connected to the extension plate 3 in the same way as in Embodiment 1.

[0043] The length adjustment method of this embodiment is as follows: The operator turns the operating component 5, which drives the driving bevel gear 412 to rotate around the vertical axis. The driving bevel gear 412 drives the bevel gear 45 that meshes with it to rotate around the horizontal axis, thereby driving the transmission rod 422 and the bevel gear 45 at the other end to rotate synchronously. Then, the bevel gear 45 at the other end drives the bevel gear 45 on the screw 431 that meshes with it to rotate around the vertical axis. Therefore, the screw 431 also rotates at the same speed. At this time, the nut 441 cannot rotate with the screw 431 because it is fixedly connected to the extension plate 3 or limited by the slot 24 on the pull plate 2. Therefore, the nut 441 will move up and down relative to the screw 431 under the rotation of the screw 431, and finally realize the extension and retraction movement of the extension plate 3. When the operator stops turning the operating component 5, the nut 441 stops moving, that is, the extension plate 3 is locked.

[0044] Example 3:

[0045] The adjustable-length surgical half-cannula of this embodiment includes a handle 1, a retraction plate 2, an extension plate 3, a linkage mechanism 4, and an operating component 5. The handle 1, retraction plate 2, and extension plate 3 are the same as in Embodiment 1 and will not be described again. Similarly, the linkage mechanism 4 of this embodiment includes a drive unit 41, a linkage unit 62, a lateral transmission component 42, and a vertical transmission component 43.

[0046] The structure differs from other embodiments in that: the vertical transmission member 43 is a moving rod with a rack facing the side of the horizontal transmission member 42, and the corresponding horizontal transmission member 42 is a gear meshing with the rack, the axis of rotation of which is oriented along the width direction of the handle 1 and the pulling plate 2; the driving part 41 is a driving rod with one end passing through the middle hole of the gear, and the other end of the driving rod passing out from the side of the handle 1; the operating member 5 is a knob provided on the side of the handle 1 and connected to the other end of the driving rod; the connecting part 44 is a connecting block whose front end is fixedly connected to the back of the extension plate 3 and whose rear end is fixedly connected to the moving rod, and the extension and retraction of the extension plate 3 is realized by the gear driving the rack to move up and down.

[0047] The length adjustment method of this embodiment is as follows: The operator pushes the knob with his finger to rotate, thereby driving the gear to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the gear will drive the rack meshing with it to move up and down, that is, the moving rod moves up and down. Therefore, the connecting block, along with the extension plate 3, moves up and down with the moving rod, realizing the extension and retraction of the extension plate 3. When the knob is stopped, the rack stops moving, that is, the extension plate 3 is locked.

[0048] Example 4:

[0049] In this embodiment, the adjustable-length surgical half-cannula includes a handle 1, a retraction plate 2, an extension plate 3, a linkage mechanism 4, and an operating component 5. The handle 1, retraction plate 2, and extension plate 3 are the same as in Embodiment 1 and will not be described again. The operating component 5 is also a rotatable operating knob 51 connected to the upper surface of the handle 1. The difference is that the linkage mechanism 4 in this embodiment includes a drive unit 41, a screw 431, and a linkage part 62. The upper end of the drive unit 41 is fixedly connected to the operating component 5, and the lower end of the drive unit 41 is fixedly connected to the screw 431. The linkage part 62 is still a nut 441, which is fixedly connected to the extension plate 3. With this design, rotating the operating component 5 directly drives the screw 431 to rotate, thereby enabling the nut 441 to move the extension plate 3 up and down.

[0050] This embodiment has a simpler structure and can still be easily and quickly adjusted during surgery. However, because the operating component 5 is closer to the retraction plate 2, it may interfere with the operation of other surgical instruments.

[0051] In all four embodiments above, the operating element 5 is mounted on the handle 1. Therefore, after the retraction plate 2 is placed into the patient's surgical channel, if there is an error in the initial length adjustment, it can be finely adjusted directly through the operating element 5 on the handle 1, which remains outside the tissue incision. This ensures that the end of the extension plate 3 accurately reaches the target area, avoiding instrument displacement or tissue compression due to insufficient or excessive length, thus improving operational accuracy. There is no need to remove half of the cannula for adjustment, making the operation more convenient and faster. The above four embodiments are only a limited number of specific implementation structures. Other structural styles are also possible, such as the operating element 5 being a push-pull button, which moves the extension plate 3 by pushing or pulling.

[0052] Example 5:

[0053] like Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the adjustable-length surgical half-cannula of this embodiment includes a handle 1, a retraction plate 2, an extension plate 3, a linkage mechanism 4, and an operating component 5. The handle 1, the retraction plate 2, and the extension plate 3 are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again.

[0054] like Figure 6 As shown, the operating member 5 in this embodiment is disposed on the extension plate 3. In order to avoid the operating member 5 from affecting the operation of the surgical instruments, a preferred solution is that the surface of the operating member 5 is flush with the surface of the extension plate 3, so that the operating member 5 will not protrude beyond the surface of the extension plate 3 and interfere with the surgical instruments.

[0055] like Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, the pulling plate 2 has a groove 25 at the center of the position corresponding to the extension plate 3, which simultaneously penetrates the operating surface 21 and the back surface 22, and multiple sets of mating recesses 413 are located on both sides of the groove 25 on the back surface 22; as shown Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the front end face of the connecting part 44 is provided with mating protrusions 414 on both sides, which are connected to four sets of mating recesses 413. The middle of the front end face of the connecting part 44 is provided with a mounting block 443 protruding forward. The back of the extension plate 3 is provided with a mounting position 31, which is mounted with the mounting block 443. The operating element 5 is a pressing button 52 integrally provided at the front end of the mounting block 443. Therefore, the connecting part 44 can move relative to the extension plate 3 in a certain range in the front-back direction, but always maintains the mounting block 443 and the mounting position 31 in the same state. That is, the connecting part 44 will not completely detach from the extension plate 3, thereby ensuring that the connecting part 44 and the extension plate 3 maintain consistent movement. In this embodiment, a rear cover 27 is provided on the back of the slide 25. The rear cover 27 serves both to cover the back of the slide 25, protecting the structure inside the slide 25 from liquid influence, and to bear pressure. Specifically, a compression spring 46 is provided between the connecting part 44 and the rear cover 27. When the press button 52 is pressed, the compression spring 46 is compressed and stores force. In this embodiment, the mating recess 413 and the mating protrusion 414 constitute the driving part 41. The movement or locking of the extension plate 3 is achieved by connecting or disconnecting these two parts.

[0056] Preferably, in order to avoid the surgical channel being reduced due to the excessive thickness of the retraction plate 2, this embodiment provides a recess 26 with an area slightly larger than the slide groove 25 at the position corresponding to the back surface 22. At the same time, a matching recess 413 is provided on the bottom surface of the recess 26, and the size of the back cover 27 matches the recess 26. The back cover 27 and the recess 26 are connected by screws. After locking, the outer surface of the back cover 27 is flush with the back surface 22, so it can be ensured that the overall thickness of the retraction plate 2 will not increase due to the setting of the back cover 27.

[0057] The length adjustment method of this embodiment is as follows: After measuring the depth of the surgical channel, the surgeon holds the half-cannula and presses the button 52 with the other hand, causing the connecting part 44 to move backward. At this time, the mating protrusion 414 disengages from the mating recess 413, so the connecting part 44 can slide up and down in the slide groove 25, thereby driving the extension plate 3 to move telescopically. When it moves to the required length, the button 52 is released, and the compression spring 46 drives the connecting part 44 to return to its original position, so that the mating protrusion 414 connects with the other four sets of mating recesses 413 on the slide groove 25, thereby locking the connecting part 44. Therefore, the extension plate 3 is also locked and does not move.

[0058] In this embodiment, the operating component 5 is mounted on the extension plate 3, thus simplifying the structure of the linkage mechanism 4. This eliminates the need for long-distance transmission, effectively reducing the failure rate and lowering production costs and complexity. This semi-cannula also allows the surgeon to adjust the length of the extension plate 3 relative to the retraction plate 2 in real time, based on differences in the patient's anatomical structure (such as different segments of the lumbar and cervical spine) or the required depth of the surgical channel. This eliminates the need for multiple instrument specifications, reducing the development of multi-specification molds and material waste, lowering costs, and preventing resource idleness.

[0059] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the present invention also provides another adjustable-length surgical half-cannula, including a handle 1 located outside the tissue incision and a retraction plate 2 extending into the tissue incision. The retraction plate 2 has an operating surface 21 for surgical instruments to pass through and a backing surface 22 that conforms to the tissue incision channel. The handle 1 is connected to the upper end of the retraction plate 2 and extends toward the backing surface 22. The present invention is characterized by further including an extension plate 3 and an elastic adjustment mechanism 6. The extension plate 3 is located at the lower part of the operating surface 21. The extension plate 3 is connected to the elastic adjustment mechanism 6, meaning that the extension plate 3 can move synchronously with the elastic adjustment mechanism 6. The elastic adjustment mechanism 6 uses its own elasticity to move and lock relative to the retraction plate 2, thereby achieving the extension plate 3's vertical extension and retraction movement relative to the retraction plate 2 and its locking position.

[0060] Using the elastic adjustment mechanism 6, operation can be performed without setting up the operating part 5. The surgeon can directly push the extension plate 3 by hand according to the depth of the surgical channel. The movement tendency force of the extension plate 3 will temporarily unlock the elastic adjustment mechanism 6, thereby allowing the extension plate 3 to move up and down. When the force applied to the extension plate 3 is stopped, the elastic adjustment mechanism 6 will elastically reset and relock. At this time, the extension plate 3 is locked and cannot be moved without the application of force.

[0061] The elastic adjustment mechanism 6 includes a movable plate 61 and a linkage part 62. The pull-opening plate 2 has a groove 25 that passes through both the operating surface 21 and the back surface 22, corresponding to the position of the extension plate 3. The groove 25 is a T-shaped groove, with a narrower width near the extension plate 3. The movable plate 61 is a corresponding T-shaped block, and the portion of it that extends into the narrower groove 25 is used for connection and locking with the extension plate 3. The linkage part 62 is located on the side wall of the narrower portion of the groove 25. The movable plate 61 has an elastic part 611 on the side corresponding to the linkage part 62. The elastic part 611 can move or deflect elastically relative to the movable plate 61. The elastic part 611 has a locking part 612 that engages with the linkage part 62 for locking. In its initial state, the elastic part 611 maintains a locked engagement between the locking part 612 and the linkage part 62. When the operator applies a pushing force to the extension plate 3, the pushing force causes the elastic part 611 to move or deflect towards the movable plate 61, thereby disengaging the locking part 612 from the linkage part 62 and allowing the extension plate 3 to move. When the force is stopped, the elastic part 611 resets, causing the locking part 612 to re-lock into engagement with the linkage part 62. A rear cover 27 is provided behind the slide 25. The rear cover 27 can hide the movable plate 61 inside the retraction plate 2, thus preventing its performance from being affected by liquid. The rear cover 27 is fixed to the bottom surface of the slide 25 by screws.

[0062] The elastic part 611 can be a bidirectional elastic brake pawl, meaning that the brake pawl needs to overcome the torque of the torsion spring to deflect, whether it deflects clockwise or counterclockwise. The linkage part 62 is a rack extending along the length of the side wall of the slide groove 25. In the initial state of the two torsion springs, the pawl part (i.e., the locking part 612) of the brake pawl remains engaged with the rack, so the movable plate 61 is locked. When force is applied to the extension plate 3, the brake pawl deflects against the torque of the torsion spring, thereby disengaging the pawl part from the rack, so the movable plate 61 and the extension plate 3 can move.

[0063] For example Figure 10 In the sixth embodiment shown, the linkage part 62 is a rack provided on one side wall of the slide groove 25; the movable plate 61 has a strip on the side near the rack, and there is a gap groove 613 between the strip and the movable plate 61, so the strip can be elastically bent in the direction of the gap groove 613. The strip has teeth that mesh with the rack, and the front end of the movable plate 61 is fixedly connected to the back of the extension plate 3.

[0064] The length adjustment method of this embodiment is as follows: After measuring the depth of the surgical channel, the surgeon pushes the extension plate 3 up and down. At this time, the teeth and the rack are subjected to force, thereby generating a component force that causes the plate to elastically deviate towards the gap groove 613. Thus, the teeth and the rack disengage, and the movable plate 61 moves up and down with the extension plate 3. When the adjustment is in the appropriate position, the extension plate 3 is stopped. At this time, the plate automatically plastically resets, causing the teeth and the rack to re-engage, and the extension plate 3 is locked in place.

[0065] This embodiment eliminates the need for the operating component 5, resulting in a simpler overall structure. It requires only one movable component to cooperate with the traction plate, effectively reducing production costs and complexity. This semi-cannula also allows the surgeon to adjust the length of the extension plate 3 extending downwards relative to the traction plate 2 in real time according to the patient's anatomical differences (such as different segments of the lumbar and cervical spine) or the required depth of the surgical channel. This eliminates the need for multiple sizes of instruments, reducing the development of multi-specification molds and material waste, lowering costs, and preventing resource idleness.

[0066] The two invention techniques described above, in addition to achieving adjustable half-sleeve length, can also be extended to include other functions, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the half-cannula also has barbs 7 on both sides of the retraction plate 2 to prevent it from slipping during surgery. In this embodiment, the barbs 7 are designed to extend or retract in a controllable manner, and the control unit can also be located on the handle 1 for easy operation. Alternatively, a drainage hole can be provided on the half-cannula, with its outlet located at the end of the handle 1 for connecting to a suction device, thus enabling the suction of fluid from the surgical channel using the half-cannula. Graduation markings can also be provided on the retraction plate 2 and the extension plate 3 for the surgeon to intuitively control the adjustment precision. Furthermore, without affecting the length adjustment function, other functional structures can be integrated to improve the functionality of the half-cannula.

[0067] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "embodiment," "example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0068] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adjustable-length surgical half-cannula, comprising a handle located outside a tissue incision and a retraction plate extending into the tissue incision, the retraction plate having an operating surface for surgical instruments to pass through and a back surface that conforms to the tissue incision channel, the handle being connected to the upper end of the retraction plate and extending toward the back surface, characterized in that, Also includes: An extension plate is located at the lower part of the operating surface and can extend and retract relative to the pull-out plate in the vertical direction. A linkage mechanism is provided on the pull-out plate. The linkage mechanism has a connecting part that is connected to the extension plate and drives the extension plate to move or lock, and a driving part that can drive the connecting part to move or lock. An operating element is disposed on the handle, the pull plate, or the extension plate. The operating element is connected to the drive part of the linkage mechanism to control the movement or locking of the extension plate through the operating element.

2. The adjustable-length surgical half-cannula according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating component is mounted on the handle. The linkage mechanism includes a horizontal transmission component and a vertical transmission component. One end of the horizontal transmission component is connected to the drive unit, and the other end is connected to the upper end of the vertical transmission component. The lower part of the vertical transmission component is connected to the connecting part. The operating component drives the drive unit to operate the horizontal transmission component, which in turn drives the vertical transmission component. Finally, the vertical transmission component drives the connecting part to move up and down.

3. The adjustable-length surgical half-cannula according to claim 2, characterized in that, The horizontal transmission component is a transmission gear, and the corresponding vertical transmission component is a screw that is coaxially and synchronously connected to the transmission gear. The driving part is a driving gear that meshes with the transmission gear. The operating component is an operating knob that is coaxially and fixedly connected to the driving gear. The connecting part is a nut screwed onto the screw. One side of the nut is fixedly connected to the extension plate. The extension plate is extended and retracted by the screw rotating and driving the nut to move up and down along the length of the screw.

4. The adjustable-length surgical half-cannula according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the drive gear and the transmission gear are mounted in the gear seat opened on the handle. The screw extends downward from the middle interior of the pull plate along the length direction of the pull plate. The pull plate is also provided with a slot for the nut to be accommodated and moved. The slot is open at least in the direction of the operating surface. The nut is provided with a connecting block protruding in the direction of the extension plate to be connected and fixed with the extension plate.

5. The adjustable-length surgical half-cannula according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lateral transmission component is a transmission rod with bevel teeth at both ends, and the corresponding vertical transmission component is a screw with bevel teeth at one end. The bevel teeth on the screw mesh with the bevel teeth at one end of the transmission rod. The driving part is a driving bevel tooth that meshes with the bevel teeth at the other end of the transmission rod. The operating component is an operating knob that is coaxially and fixedly connected to the driving bevel tooth. The connecting part is a nut screwed onto the screw. One side of the nut is fixedly connected to the extension plate. The extension plate is extended and retracted by the screw rotating and driving the nut to move up and down along the length of the screw.

6. The adjustable-length surgical half-cannula according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical transmission component is a moving rod with a rack facing the horizontal transmission component. The corresponding horizontal transmission component is a gear that meshes with the rack. The driving part is a driving rod with one end passing through the middle hole of the gear. The operating component is a knob located on the side of the handle and connected to the other end of the driving rod. The connecting part is a connecting block whose front end is fixedly connected to the back of the extension plate and whose rear end is fixedly connected to the moving rod. The extension and retraction of the extension plate is achieved by the gear driving the rack to move up and down.

7. The adjustable-length surgical half-cannula according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating component is disposed on the extension plate. The pull-out plate has a groove corresponding to the position of the extension plate, which passes through both the operating surface and the back surface. The back surface has multiple sets of mating recesses on both sides of the groove. The front end face of the connecting part has mating protrusions on both sides corresponding to at least two sets of mating recesses. The middle of the front end face of the connecting part has a forward-protruding insert block that is fitted into the extension plate. The operating component is a press button integrally disposed on the front end of the insert block. A cover plate is provided on the back of the groove to cover the back of the groove. A compression spring is provided between the connecting part and the cover plate. By pressing the press button, the mating protrusions are disengaged from the mating recesses, allowing the connecting part and the extension plate to slide up and down along the groove. When the press button is released, the compression spring drives the connecting part to return to its original position, allowing the mating protrusions to connect with the mating recesses and locking the connecting part and the extension plate.

8. An adjustable-length surgical half-cannula, comprising a handle located outside a tissue incision and a retraction plate extending into the tissue incision, the retraction plate having an operating surface for surgical instruments to pass through and a back surface that conforms to the tissue incision channel, the handle being connected to the upper end of the retraction plate and extending toward the back surface, characterized in that, It also includes an extension plate and an elastic adjustment mechanism. The extension plate is located at the lower part of the operating surface. The extension plate is connected in cooperation with the elastic adjustment mechanism to enable it to move vertically and horizontally relative to the pull-out plate and to be locked in place.

9. The adjustable-length surgical half-cannula according to claim 8, characterized in that, The elastic adjustment mechanism includes a movable plate and a linkage. The pull-out plate has a groove corresponding to the position of the extension plate, which passes through both the operating surface and the back surface. The linkage is a rack disposed on one side wall of the groove. The movable plate has a slat on the side near the rack, and there is a gap groove between the slat and the movable plate. The slat has teeth that mesh with the rack. The movable plate is fixedly connected to the back of the extension plate. When the extension plate is pushed up and down, the teeth and the rack are subjected to force, causing the slat to elastically deviate towards the gap groove, thereby disengaging the teeth and the rack. The movable plate moves up and down with the extension plate. When the pushing stops, the slat automatically resets, causing the teeth to mesh with the rack to lock the extension plate.

10. The adjustable-length surgical half-cannula according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The pull-out plate is bent toward the back surface so that the operating surface is an arc-shaped concave surface. The extension plate is a corresponding arc-shaped plate and the back of the extension plate is in contact with the operating surface. The width of the extension plate is less than or equal to the width of the pull-out plate.

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