Carbon-based catalyst, preparation method thereof and application of carbon-based catalyst in catalytic pyrolysis of plastics
By introducing nitrogen, sulfur, and non-precious metal doping into biochar, new catalytic active sites are formed, solving the problems of high modification cost and environmental pollution of existing biochar catalysts, and realizing efficient and low-cost production of liquid fuel from waste plastic pyrolysis.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511099254.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for modifying biochar catalysts suffer from high costs, significant environmental pollution risks, and low catalytic activity. In particular, during the pyrolysis of waste plastics, metal loads tend to agglomerate, resulting in poor reaction selectivity.
Biochar was modified by nitrogen and sulfur doping and nitrogen-metal co-doping. By introducing defects into the biochar, new catalytic active sites were formed. Inexpensive non-precious metals were used to reduce the risk of environmental pollution and improve catalytic activity and selectivity.
It significantly improves the yield and selectivity of liquid fuel produced by pyrolysis of waste plastics, reduces modification costs, is environmentally friendly, and has industrialization potential.
Smart Images
Figure CN121042003A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of catalyst technology, and in particular to carbon-based catalysts, their preparation methods, and their applications in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics. Background Technology
[0002] Plastic products are widely used in industrial production due to their low cost and superior mechanical properties, but this has led to an increasingly serious problem of plastic waste disposal. Currently, landfill and incineration methods for treating waste plastics are gradually being phased out due to severe environmental pollution. Mechanical recycling methods for waste plastics require strict sorting and are costly, while also resulting in decreased performance and limited applications after recycling. Biodegradation methods require demanding conditions and also have high costs, relying on bio-based materials such as corn and starch, thus competing with food sources and limiting their application scale.
[0003] Pyrolysis is currently the most widely studied chemical recycling method for waste plastics. It has low requirements for raw materials, a simple recycling process, and can achieve high-value commercialization of the products. Introducing a catalyst into the pyrolysis process can reduce the activation energy required for the reaction, improve the selectivity for the target product, and thus significantly improve the quality of the liquid product, accelerating the conversion of plastic waste into high-value hydrocarbons.
[0004] Biochar catalysts have attracted widespread attention in the field of catalyst development due to their advantages such as low cost, high chemical stability, easily tunable structure, strong tolerance to coke deposition, and recyclability. This invention, based on carbon-based catalysts, improves catalyst activity through modification, thereby efficiently converting waste plastics into liquid hydrocarbon fuels and achieving high-value utilization of waste plastics. Existing biochar modification methods, such as acid-base modification to increase specific surface area and loading metal nanoparticles to enhance reaction activity, can improve catalyst activity.
[0005] Acid-base modification of biochar often requires the use of strong acids and bases such as concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide. The large quantities of reagents used, coupled with the fact that they cannot be recycled, increase raw material costs. After modification, multiple washings to neutralization are necessary, consuming a significant amount of water and generating substantial wastewater, causing environmental pollution and increasing wastewater treatment costs. Furthermore, excessive acid-base treatment can lead to biochar pore collapse and functional group deactivation, affecting the catalytic selectivity of the reaction.
[0006] Metal-loaded modification of biochar presents challenges during pyrolysis. Metals (such as Ni, Fe, and Co) tend to agglomerate at high temperatures, forming large particles and reducing effective active sites. Furthermore, metal loading is costly, some metals are toxic, and if the biochar partially degrades during the reaction, the loaded metals may be released into the environment, causing pollution.
[0007] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention
[0008] To overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, this invention provides a carbon-based catalyst, its preparation method, and its application in the thermocatalytic degradation of plastics to produce fuel oil. By preparing this catalyst, the environmental pollution caused by improper disposal of large quantities of waste plastics can be solved, and it can be used to recycle and produce clean energy, turning waste into treasure and protecting the environment.
[0009] Specifically, the present invention involves doping biochar, which introduces defects into the biochar material, improves the material's physicochemical and electronic properties, forms new catalytic active sites, facilitates the cracking of macromolecular hydrocarbons, and improves the yield and selectivity of fuel production from waste plastics.
[0010] Based on this, the present invention has the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a carbon-based catalyst, comprising: 1) The first dopant source and biomass raw material are mixed to obtain the first catalyst precursor; 2) The catalyst precursor is subjected to a first calcination in an inert gas atmosphere; The first doping source includes a nitrogen source and / or a sulfur source.
[0011] According to the preparation method of the carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the first calcination time is 10 min to 240 min, preferably 120 min to 240 min.
[0012] According to the method for preparing the carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the atmosphere for the first calcination is one or more of inert gas, air, and carbon dioxide.
[0013] According to the preparation method of the carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the mass ratio of the first dopant source to the biomass raw material is 1:(1~20), preferably 1:(5~10).
[0014] According to the preparation method of the carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the first calcination temperature is 400℃~1000℃, preferably 600℃~800℃.
[0015] According to the method for preparing a carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the first dopant source includes one or more of sodium lignin sulfonate, urea, and thiourea.
[0016] According to the method for preparing carbon-based catalysts provided by the present invention, the biomass raw materials include one or more of straw, algae, wood, peanut shells, cottonseed shells, and waste furniture.
[0017] According to the method for preparing a carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the preparation method further includes: 3) After the first calcination is completed, a second dopant source is added to obtain a second catalyst precursor; 4) The second catalyst precursor is subjected to a second calcination; the second dopant source is a metal salt.
[0018] According to the preparation method of the carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the second calcination temperature is 400℃~1000℃, preferably 600℃~800℃.
[0019] According to the preparation method of the carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the second calcination time is 60 min to 240 min, preferably 120 min to 240 min.
[0020] According to the preparation method of the carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the content of the second dopant source is 5wt%~15wt% based on the mass of the biomass raw material.
[0021] According to the preparation method of the carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the method of mixing the first dopant source with the biomass raw material is either dry mixing or wet mixing.
[0022] According to the method for preparing the carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention, the method for mixing the doped biochar with the second dopant source is either dry mixing or wet mixing.
[0023] Preferably, the solvent used in the wet mixing process is water and / or an organic solvent.
[0024] The method for preparing a carbon-based catalyst according to the present invention specifically includes the following steps: 1) Mix nitrogen source, biomass feedstock and water, control the solid-liquid ratio to be 1: (5~15), and the mass ratio of nitrogen source to biomass feedstock to be 1: (5~10). After drying, the first catalyst precursor is obtained. 2) In an inert gas atmosphere, the first catalyst precursor is calcined at 600℃~800℃ for 2~4h; 3) After the first roasting is completed, a nickel source and water are mixed in, and the solid-liquid ratio is controlled at 1:(15~25) to obtain a second catalyst precursor; wherein, based on the mass of the biomass raw material, the content of the nickel source is 5wt%~15wt%; 4) The second catalyst precursor is calcined at 600℃~800℃ for 2~4h.
[0025] This invention modifies biochar using nitrogen and phosphorus doping and nitrogen-metal co-doping, aiming to improve the catalytic efficiency of waste plastics to liquid oil, reduce modification costs, and lower the risk of environmental pollution. The nitrogen and sulfur sources used in this invention are derived from inexpensive nitrogen- and sulfur-containing substances (urea, thiourea, etc.), which are environmentally friendly and avoid the pollution risks associated with strong acids and alkalis. Simultaneously, the use of non-precious metals (Ni) instead of precious metals (Pt, Pd) reduces costs. Compared to the high cost of metal-supported processes and the environmental burden of acid-base modification, this preparation method is more sustainable and economical, possessing industrialization potential. Non-metal doping can regulate the electron distribution of biochar and form active sites such as active functional groups, improving pyrolysis efficiency. Furthermore, non-metal and metal co-doping allows non-metals to form coordination bonds with metals, stabilizing metal particles and reducing agglomeration; simultaneously, the synergistic effect of multiple active sites significantly enhances catalytic efficiency. This invention can optimize the selectivity of products. Nitrogen and sulfur doping can promote dehydrogenation and aromatization reactions, increase the yield of high value-added products, and generate more light oils. The synergistic effect of non-metal and metal co-doping can reduce the occurrence of side reactions (such as excessive cracking to generate small molecule gases) and improve the quality of liquid oils.
[0026] Secondly, the present invention provides a carbon-based catalyst, which is prepared by the above-described preparation method.
[0027] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of the carbon-based catalyst in the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil.
[0028] This invention utilizes nitrogen- and sulfur-doped biochar and nitrogen-metal co-doped biochar to catalyze the pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality liquefied fuel oil. Compared to pure metal-doped biochar in the comparative example, nitrogen- and sulfur-doped biochar significantly improves the pyrolysis oil yield. Nitrogen-metal co-doped biochar, compared to pure metal-doped biochar in the comparative example, shows a slight improvement in pyrolysis oil yield and demonstrates a clear advantage in selectivity within the gasoline and aviation fuel ranges. Compared to existing technologies, the catalyst prepared by this invention is more environmentally friendly, lower in cost, and offers certain advantages in pyrolysis oil yield and quality.
[0029] According to the application provided by the present invention, the preparation of high-quality fuel oil by catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics includes: catalytically pyrolyzing waste plastics with the carbon-based catalyst, and condensing the resulting pyrolysis gas.
[0030] According to the application provided by the present invention, the reaction temperature of the catalytic pyrolysis is 400℃~800℃, more preferably 500℃~700℃.
[0031] According to the application provided by the present invention, the waste plastic is household waste containing at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, preferably including one or more of lunch boxes, plastic bottles, agricultural film, medical protective clothing and plastic bags.
[0032] According to the application provided by the present invention, the mass ratio of the waste plastic to the carbon-based catalyst is (1~3):(1~3).
[0033] According to the application provided by the present invention, the catalytic pyrolysis reaction is carried out in a gaseous atmosphere of nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide.
[0034] According to the application provided by the present invention, the time for the catalytic pyrolysis reaction is 10 min to 40 min, preferably 20 min to 30 min.
[0035] Based on this, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The carbon-based catalyst and its preparation method provided by this invention, along with their application in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics, can obtain a highly active, highly stable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly carbon-based catalyst by introducing a doping source into biochar. This catalyst can be used to catalytically pyrolyze waste plastics to produce high-quality liquid fuel oil. Attached Figure Description
[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation process of nitrogen- and sulfur-doped biochar provided by the present invention.
[0038] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the nitrogen-metal co-doped biochar preparation process provided by the present invention.
[0039] Figure 3 This invention provides a flow chart for the preparation of high-quality liquid hydrocarbon fuels from waste plastics using a carbon-based catalyst through catalytic cracking. Detailed Implementation
[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0041] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are commercially available conventional raw materials, and the technical means used are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
[0042] Example 1 This embodiment provides a nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalyst, the preparation method of which includes the following specific steps: like Figure 1 As shown, cotton stalks are collected, simply dried, and then crushed in a pulverizer to obtain material with a particle size of <0.25mm. The crushed material is then dried again to control the moisture content to below 5wt%.
[0043] Cotton stalk raw material and urea were mixed at a mass ratio of 10:1, and deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours and then dried for 24 hours to obtain the catalyst precursor.
[0044] The catalyst precursor was fed into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 800°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a carbon-based catalyst.
[0045] This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil, such as... Figure 3 As shown, 3g of plastic bottle (polypropylene) was crushed into 3mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A catalyst with a mass ratio of 1:1 was added to carry out a catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500℃, and the reaction was carried out for 20min without carrier gas. Argon gas was blown at 60ml / min for 10min.
[0046] The condensable portion of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, which is then dehydrated. The non-condensable portion is collected as a combustible gas.
[0047] The product distribution results obtained by GCMS detection of high-quality fuel are shown in Table 1.
[0048] Example 2 This embodiment provides a sulfur-doped carbon-based catalyst, the preparation method of which includes the following specific steps: like Figure 1 As shown, cotton stalks are collected, simply dried, and then crushed in a pulverizer to obtain material with a particle size of <0.25mm. The crushed material is then dried again to control the moisture content to below 5wt%.
[0049] Cotton stalk raw material was mixed with sodium lignosulfonate at a mass ratio of 10:1, and deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours and then dried for 24 hours to obtain the catalyst precursor.
[0050] The catalyst precursor was fed into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 800°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a carbon-based catalyst.
[0051] This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil, such as... Figure 3As shown, 3g of plastic bottle (polypropylene) was crushed into 3mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A catalyst with a mass ratio of 1:1 was added to carry out a catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500℃, and the reaction was carried out for 20min without carrier gas. Argon gas was blown at 60ml / min for 10min.
[0052] The condensable portion of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, which is then dehydrated. The non-condensable portion is collected as a combustible gas.
[0053] The product distribution results obtained by GCMS detection of high-quality fuel are shown in Table 1.
[0054] Example 3 This embodiment provides a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon-based catalyst, the preparation method of which includes the following specific steps: like Figure 1 As shown, cotton stalks are collected, simply dried, and then crushed in a pulverizer to obtain material with a particle size of <0.25mm. The crushed material is then dried again to control the moisture content to below 5wt%.
[0055] Cotton stalk raw material was mixed with thiourea at a mass ratio of 10:1, and deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours and then dried for 24 hours to obtain the catalyst precursor.
[0056] The catalyst precursor was fed into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 800°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a carbon-based catalyst.
[0057] This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil, such as... Figure 3 As shown, 3g of plastic bottle (polypropylene) was crushed into 3mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A catalyst with a mass ratio of 1:1 was added to carry out a catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500℃, and the reaction was carried out for 20min without carrier gas. Argon gas was blown at 60ml / min for 10min.
[0058] The condensable portion of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, which is then dehydrated. The non-condensable portion is collected as a combustible gas.
[0059] The product distribution results obtained by GCMS detection of high-quality fuel are shown in Table 1.
[0060] Example 4 This embodiment provides a nitrogen-nickel co-doped carbon-based catalyst, the preparation method of which includes the following specific steps: like Figure 2As shown, cotton stalks are collected, simply dried, and then crushed in a pulverizer to obtain material with a particle size of <0.25mm. The crushed material is then dried again to control the moisture content to below 5wt%.
[0061] Cotton stalks and urea were mixed at a mass ratio of 10:1, and deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours and then dried for 24 hours to obtain a catalyst precursor. The catalyst precursor was then fed into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 800℃ under an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain cotton stalk biochar.
[0062] Biochar was mixed with nickel nitrate hexahydrate containing 10% nickel by weight of the biochar. Deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours and dried for 24 hours. The mixed char was then fed into a carbonization furnace and activated at 800℃ under an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain the catalyst.
[0063] This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned nitrogen-nickel co-doped carbon-based catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil, such as... Figure 3 As shown, 3g of plastic bottle (polypropylene) was crushed into 3mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A catalyst with a mass ratio of 1:1 was added to carry out a catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500℃, and the reaction was carried out for 20min without carrier gas. Argon gas was blown at 60ml / min for 10min.
[0064] The condensable portion of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, which is then dehydrated. The non-condensable portion is collected as a combustible gas.
[0065] The product distribution results obtained by GCMS detection of high-quality fuel are shown in Table 1.
[0066] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a zinc-supported carbon-based catalyst, and the specific steps are as follows: After collecting cow manure and simply drying it, it is crushed in a pulverizer to obtain material with a particle size of <0.25mm. The crushed material is then dried again to control the moisture content to below 5wt%.
[0067] The raw material of dairy cow manure is fed into a carbonization furnace and roasted at 500°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain dairy cow manure biochar.
[0068] Biochar and zinc chloride were mixed at a mass ratio of 5:1, and deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours and then dried for 24 hours. The mixed char was then fed into a carbonization furnace and activated at 800℃ under an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain the catalyst.
[0069] This comparative example also provides the above-mentioned zinc-supported carbon-based catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil, such as... Figure 3As shown, 3g of plastic bottle (polypropylene) was crushed into 3mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A catalyst with a mass ratio of 1:1 was added to carry out a catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500℃, and the reaction was carried out for 20min without carrier gas. Argon gas was blown at 60ml / min for 10min.
[0070] The condensable portion of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, which is then dehydrated. The non-condensable portion is collected as a combustible gas.
[0071] The product distribution results obtained by GCMS detection of high-quality fuel are shown in Table 1.
[0072] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a zinc-supported carbon-based catalyst, and the specific steps are as follows: After collecting cotton stalks, they are simply dried and then crushed in a pulverizer to obtain material with a particle size of <0.25mm. The crushed material is then dried again to control the moisture content to below 5wt%.
[0073] Cotton stalks were fed into a carbonization furnace and roasted at 500°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain cotton stalk biochar.
[0074] Biochar and zinc chloride were mixed at a mass ratio of 10:1, and deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours and then dried for 12 hours. The mixed char was then fed into a carbonization furnace and activated at 800℃ under an argon atmosphere for 4 hours. The resulting composite was washed with 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid, ethanol, and deionized water, and then dried at 105℃ to obtain the catalyst.
[0075] This comparative example also provides the above-mentioned zinc-supported carbon-based catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil, such as... Figure 3 As shown, a 3g syringe (polypropylene) was crushed into 3mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A catalyst with a mass ratio of 1:1 was added to carry out a catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500℃, and the reaction was carried out for 20 minutes without a carrier gas. Argon gas was then blown at 60ml / min for 10 minutes.
[0076] The condensable portion of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, which is then dehydrated. The non-condensable portion is collected as a combustible gas.
[0077] The product distribution results obtained by GCMS detection of high-quality fuel are shown in Table 1.
[0078] Table 1. Composition of products after catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics using carbon-based catalysts
[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a carbon-based catalyst, characterized in that, include: 1) The first dopant source and biomass raw material are mixed to obtain the first catalyst precursor; 2) The catalyst precursor is subjected to a first calcination in an inert gas atmosphere; The first doping source includes a nitrogen source and / or a sulfur source.
2. The method for preparing the carbon-based catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the first dopant source to the biomass raw material is 1:(1~20), preferably 1:(5~10).
3. The method for preparing the carbon-based catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first calcination temperature is 400℃~1000℃, preferably 600℃~800℃.
4. The method for preparing the carbon-based catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first doping source includes one or more of sodium lignin sulfonate, urea, and thiourea; And / or, the biomass raw materials include one or more of straw, algae, wood, peanut shells, cottonseed hulls, and waste furniture.
5. The method for preparing the carbon-based catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Also includes: 3) After the first calcination is completed, a second dopant source is added to obtain a second catalyst precursor; 4) The second catalyst precursor is subjected to a second calcination; The second doping source is a metal salt; Preferably, the second calcination temperature is 400℃~1000℃, more preferably 600℃~800℃.
6. The method for preparing the carbon-based catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Based on the mass of the biomass raw material, the content of the second dopant source is 5wt%~15wt%.
7. The method for preparing the carbon-based catalyst according to claim 5, characterized in that, include: 1) Mix nitrogen source, biomass feedstock and water, control the solid-liquid ratio to be 1: (5~15), and the mass ratio of nitrogen source to biomass feedstock to be 1: (5~10). After drying, the first catalyst precursor is obtained. 2) In an inert gas atmosphere, the first catalyst precursor is calcined at 600℃~800℃ for 2~4h; 3) After the first roasting is completed, a nickel source and water are mixed in, and the solid-liquid ratio is controlled at 1:(15~25) to obtain a second catalyst precursor; wherein, based on the mass of the biomass raw material, the content of the nickel source is 5wt%~15wt%; 4) The second catalyst precursor is calcined at 600℃~800℃ for 2~4h.
8. A carbon-based catalyst, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The application of the carbon-based catalyst prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the carbon-based catalyst according to claim 8 in the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil; Preferably, the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil includes: Waste plastics are subjected to catalytic pyrolysis with the carbon-based catalyst, and the resulting pyrolysis gas is condensed; preferably, the reaction temperature of the catalytic pyrolysis is 400℃~800℃, more preferably 500℃~700℃.
10. The application of the carbon-based catalyst according to claim 9 in the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil, characterized in that, The waste plastics are household waste containing at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, preferably including one or more of lunch boxes, plastic bottles, agricultural film, medical protective clothing and plastic bags; Preferably, the mass ratio of the waste plastic to the carbon-based catalyst is (1~3):(1~3); Preferably, the catalytic pyrolysis reaction is carried out in a gaseous atmosphere of nitrogen, argon, or carbon dioxide.