Variing turbopump speed to optimize

Abstract

The invention relates to changing turbopump speed to optimize pressure levels within a mass spectrometer. A pump management system may determine an operating mode of a mass spectrometer; setting a pump speed of a turbopump for generating one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer based on the mode of operation; and operating the turbopump at the pump speed while the mass spectrometer is operating according to the operating mode. Additionally or alternatively, the pump management system may monitor conditions associated with the mass spectrometer using one or more instruments located external to the turbopump while the mass spectrometer is operating according to the operating mode; determining, based on the monitoring, that the condition change exceeds a threshold; and adjusting the pump speed based on the condition change exceeding the threshold and while the mass spectrometer is in operation.

Description

[0001] Background Information

[0002] Turbopumps are typically used to generate and maintain one or more vacuum stages for a mass spectrometer. For example, a turbopump can be operated to remove gas molecules from a region of the mass spectrometer, thereby reducing the pressure in that region to the extremely low levels required for accurate mass analysis by the mass spectrometer.

[0003] The pressure level requirements for specific regions of a mass spectrometer can vary depending on many different factors. For example, the task of a mass spectrometer is to analyze a wide variety of molecules, from extremely small molecules to large protein complexes. Different molecules typically require different pressure levels for efficient analysis by the mass spectrometer. For instance, relatively large ions may require relatively high pressure levels to effectively cool them before they are transported. However, these relatively high pressure levels can be problematic for smaller molecules and peptide ions, as they can result in long ion flight times, which slows down the spectral acquisition rate and degrades ion detector performance. Consequently, some mass spectrometry systems may include dedicated hardware, such as pressure sensors and gas regulators, that facilitates manual adjustment of the pressure level within the vacuum chamber (e.g., by increasing or decreasing the flow rate of nitrogen entering the vacuum chamber). Unfortunately, these components can increase the complexity and cost of the mass spectrometry system and may adversely require placing the system's optics in a confined space that is easily pressurized.

[0004] Another approach to addressing varying pressure requirements is to set the pressure within the mass spectrometer region to a consistently relatively low level. This could adversely generate undesirable high temperature levels and / or other suboptimal conditions within the mass spectrometer, which in turn might require extended downtime for cooling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The following description presents a simplified overview of one or more aspects of the systems and methods described herein. This invention is not a comprehensive summary of all contemplated aspects, and is neither intended to identify key or decisive elements of all aspects nor to define the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present one or more aspects of the systems and methods described herein as a prelude to the specific embodiments presented below.

[0006] In some exemplary embodiments, a method includes: determining an operating mode of a mass spectrometer by a pump management system; setting a pump speed of a turbopump for generating one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer based on the operating mode by the pump management system; and operating the turbopump at the pump speed by the pump management system when the mass spectrometer is operating according to the operating mode.

[0007] In some exemplary embodiments, a method includes: a pump management system using one or more instruments to monitor conditions associated with the mass spectrometer while the mass spectrometer is in operation, the one or more instruments being located outside a turbopump used to generate one or more vacuum levels for the mass spectrometer; the pump management system determining, based on the monitoring, that the condition change exceeds a threshold; and the pump management system adjusting the pump rate of the turbopump based on the condition change exceeding the threshold while the mass spectrometer is in operation.

[0008] In some exemplary embodiments, a system includes: a mass spectrometer configured to analyze molecules of a sample; and a computing device communicatively coupled to the mass spectrometer and configured to perform processes including: determining an operating mode of the mass spectrometer; setting a pump speed for a turbopump to generate one or more vacuum levels for the mass spectrometer based on the operating mode; and operating the turbopump at the pump speed when the mass spectrometer operates according to the operating mode. Attached Figure Description

[0009] The accompanying drawings illustrate various embodiments and are part of the specification. The illustrated embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the scope of this disclosure. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements.

[0010] Figure 1 An exemplary configuration in which the pump management system is communicatively coupled to the mass spectrometer is shown.

[0011] Figure 2 An example component of a pump management system is shown.

[0012] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 The illustrated configuration is an example of a specific implementation.

[0013] Figure 4 An exemplary method for managing a turbopump used in a mass spectrometer is shown.

[0014] Figure 5 An exemplary method for managing a turbopump used in a mass spectrometer is shown.

[0015] Figure 6A and Figure 6B An exemplary configuration for managing a turbopump used in a mass spectrometer is shown.

[0016] Figure 7 An exemplary computing device is shown that can be specifically configured to perform one or more of the operations, methods and processes described herein. Detailed Implementation

[0017] This paper describes systems and methods for optimizing pressure levels within a mass spectrometer. For example, as described herein, a turbopump with a variable pump speed can be used to generate one or more vacuum stages within the mass spectrometer. A pump management system can control the pump speed of the turbopump to set the pressure within one or more vacuum stages to a level optimized or otherwise acceptable for a specific operating mode of the mass spectrometer and / or for specific conditions associated with the mass spectrometer.

[0018] For example, the pump management system can determine the operating mode of the mass spectrometer (e.g., before the mass spectrometer begins to operate according to the operating mode), set the pump speed of the turbopump based on the operating mode, and operate the turbopump at that pump speed when the mass spectrometer operates according to the operating mode. Additionally or alternatively, the pump management system can use one or more instruments located outside the turbopump to monitor conditions associated with the mass spectrometer (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.) while the mass spectrometer is in operation, determine based on the monitoring that a condition change exceeds a threshold, and adjust the pump speed based on the condition change exceeding the threshold while the mass spectrometer is in operation.

[0019] As used herein, a “vacuum level” generated and maintained by a turbopump can refer to any pressurized space or region within, around, or otherwise affecting one or more components of a mass spectrometer. For example, a vacuum level can refer to any space or region within a mass spectrometer where the pressure is sufficiently below atmospheric pressure (e.g., less than 1 × 10⁻⁶). -3 (mbar). Using a turbopump to generate a vacuum stage may involve the turbopump performing any suitable process to generate and / or maintain a desired pressure level within the space or region of the vacuum stage. For example, to generate a vacuum stage, the turbopump may be operated to remove gas molecules from a region of a mass spectrometer (e.g., a chamber or other enclosed area). This can be done in various ways as described herein.

[0020] As used herein, “pump speed” of a turbopump refers to any setting of a defined rate at which the turbopump generates a vacuum stage (e.g., by removing gas molecules from a chamber). For example, pump speed can be a setting of a specified frequency (e.g., measured in revolutions per minute) at which one or more fan blades rotate within the turbopump to generate a vacuum stage.

[0021] As described in this article, the pump speed of the turbopump associated with the mass spectrometer can be... VariableFurthermore, it is controllable. By controlling the pump speed of the turbopump associated with the mass spectrometer, the systems and methods described herein can optimize one or more pressure levels within the mass spectrometer based on the mass spectrometer's operating mode and / or any other conditions or factors associated with the mass spectrometer. This eliminates the need for additional types of dedicated hardware (e.g., pressure sensors and gas regulators) used to control pressure levels, maximize mass spectrometer flexibility when heating and cooling components, and / or provide other benefits as described herein.

[0022] Figure 1 An exemplary configuration 100 is shown in which the pump management system 102 is communicatively coupled to the mass spectrometer 104 and the turbopump 106. The mass spectrometer 104 can be implemented by any suitable type of mass spectrometer, such as a quadrupole mass spectrometer, ion trap mass spectrometer, time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and / or sector magnetic field mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer 104 may include any number of additional or alternative components (e.g., one or more mass analyzers) that may serve a particular specific implementation. An exemplary specific implementation of the mass spectrometer 104 may include an Orbitrap manufactured and sold by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA. TM Tribrid TM Mass spectrometer.

[0023] The turbopump 106 can be configured to generate one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer 104. The turbopump 106 can be implemented by any suitable type of pump, such as a turbomolecular pump, ion pump, rotary impeller pump, diffusion pump, and / or cryogenic pump. In some specific embodiments, the turbopump 106 may include one or more rotor blades configured to rotate at a defined frequency to remove gas molecules out of a region of the mass spectrometer 104 and thereby generate a vacuum in that region.

[0024] In some implementations, the turbopump 106 may be a multistage pump configured to generate multiple vacuum stages. Vacuum stages may be generated within any suitable combination of components of the mass spectrometer 104, such as ion sources, mass analyzers, mass filters, collision chambers, and / or detectors.

[0025] The pump management system 102 can be configured to perform various operations for managing the turbopump 106. For example, the pump management system 102 can be configured to set various parameters for controlling the operation of the turbopump 106, such as the pump speed (also referred to herein as "turbopump speed") associated with the turbopump 106, the back pressure associated with the turbopump 106, the cooling method associated with the turbopump 106 (e.g., air cooling, water cooling, etc.), and / or the monitoring frequency associated with the turbopump 106. As described herein, the pump management system 102 can be configured to set the pump speed of the turbopump 106 based on the operating mode of the mass spectrometer 104 and / or one or more conditions associated with the mass spectrometer 104.

[0026] The pump management system 102 may be implemented by any combination of one or more computing devices. For example, the pump management system 102 may be implemented by a controller included in or otherwise associated with the mass spectrometer 104, one or more computing devices configured to be communicatively coupled to the mass spectrometer 104 and / or the turbopump 106, and / or any other local and / or remote computing devices that may serve a particular specific implementation.

[0027] Figure 2 An exemplary component of a pump management system 102 is shown. For example, the pump management system 102 may include, but is not limited to, a storage facility 202 and a processing facility 204 selectively and communicatively coupled to each other. Facilities 202 and 204 may each include or be implemented by hardware and / or software components (e.g., a processor, memory, communication interface, instructions stored in memory for execution by the processor, etc.). In some examples, facilities 202 and 204 may be distributed among multiple devices and / or multiple locations, such as those serving a particular implementation. For example, facility 202 may be distributed between one or more local computing resources and one or more remote computing resources communicatively coupled to the local computing resources via a network.

[0028] Storage facility 202 may be implemented by any suitable non-transitory computer-readable medium and / or non-transitory processor-readable medium (such as any combination of non-volatile storage media and / or volatile storage media). In some examples, storage facility 202 may maintain (e.g., store) executable data used by processing facility 204 to perform any of the operations described herein. For example, storage facility 202 may store instructions 206 that can be executed by processing facility 204 to perform any of the operations described herein. Instructions 206 may be implemented by any suitable application, software, code, and / or other instance of executable data. Storage facility 202 may also maintain any data acquired, received, generated, managed, used, and / or transmitted by processing facility 204.

[0029] Processing facility 204 may be configured to perform (e.g., execute instructions 206 stored in storage facility 202 to perform) the various processing operations described herein. It will be appreciated that the operations and examples described herein are merely illustrative of many different types of operations that can be performed by processing facility 204. Any reference in the description herein to operations performed by pump management system 102 should be understood as being performed by processing facility 204 of pump management system 102. Furthermore, in the description herein, any operation performed by pump management system 102 may include pump management system 102 directing and / or instructing another computing system, device, or apparatus to perform the operation.

[0030] Figure 3 An exemplary embodiment 300 of configuration 100 is shown. As shown, embodiment 300 may include a mass spectrometer 104, a turbopump 106, and a controller 302. Embodiment 300 may also include any additional or alternative components (e.g., ion optics, lenses, filters, ion storage devices, ion mobility analyzers, collision chambers, ion flux monitors, etc.) that may be suitable for a particular embodiment.

[0031] The mass spectrometer 104 may include any number of components for performing mass spectrometry-related operations. As shown, the mass spectrometer 104 may include an ion source 304, one or more mass analyzers 306 (e.g., mass analyzers 306-1 and 306-2), and an ion memory 308.

[0032] Ion source 304 can be configured to generate ions from a sample and deliver them to mass analyzer 306-1 in ion stream 310-1. The sample can be generated in any suitable manner, such as by using a liquid chromatography process. Ion source 304 can use any suitable ionization technique, including but not limited to electron ionization, chemical ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization, electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, atmospheric pressure photoionization, inductively coupled plasma, etc. Ion source 304 may include various components for generating ions from a sample and delivering them to mass analyzer 306-1.

[0033] Quality analyzer 306 can be made of any suitable quality analyzer (such as a linear multipole quality analyzer (e.g., a quadrupole quality analyzer), Orbitrap) TMThis is implemented using a mass analyzer, an ion trap mass analyzer, and / or a time-of-flight mass analyzer. The mass analyzer 306-1 filters the ion stream 310-1 to selectively transfer ions in a selected m / z range to the ion memory 308 within the ion stream 310-2. While embodiment 300 is shown as including the mass analyzer 306-1, alternative embodiments may omit the mass analyzer 306-1 and include only the mass analyzer 306-2. In these alternative embodiments, the ion stream 310-1 may be provided directly from the ion source 304 to the ion memory 308.

[0034] Ion memory 308 may be implemented by a device configured to accumulate ions included in ion stream 310-2 over a cumulative time. As used herein, “cumulative time” refers to the duration during which ions generated by ion source 304 accumulate in ion memory 308 before being released and transferred to mass analyzer 306-2. Cumulative time may also be referred to as ion implantation time or ion filling time. In some examples, ion memory 308 may be an ion storage device configured to buffer downstream processes (such as mass analysis), thereby improving acquisition speed and instrument sensitivity. In some examples, ion memory 308 may be a beam-type device or trapping device, such as a multipolar ion director (e.g., a quadrupole ion director, a hexapole ion director, an octapole ion director, etc.), a linear quadrupole ion trap, a three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap, a cylindrical ion trap, a toroidal ion trap, an orbital electrostatic trap, a Kingdon trap, etc. In some examples, ion memory 308 may take the form of a bent trap (also referred to as a C-trap) of the type used with orbital electrostatic trap mass spectrometers. In some examples, ion memory 308 may be omitted from embodiment 300. In these examples, mass analyzer 306-2 (and / or another component of mass spectrometer 104) can act as an ion storage device (e.g., an additional mass analyzer for mass spectrometer 104).

[0035] In some examples, the ion storage 308 may be a collision chamber located upstream of the mass analyzer 306-2. As used herein, the term "collision chamber" may refer to any device arranged to generate product ions via a controlled dissociation process or an ion-ion reaction process, and is not limited to devices for collision-activated dissociation. For example, a collision chamber may be configured to fragment ions using collision-induced dissociation (CID), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), electron capture dissociation (ECD), photoinduced dissociation (PID), surface-induced dissociation (SID), etc.

[0036] The accumulation of ions in ion memory 308 can be adjusted by automatic gain control and / or any other technique to achieve a target ion cluster in ion memory 308, and thus a target signal density. Ion accumulation can be adjusted in any suitable manner. In some examples, ion accumulation in ion memory 308 can be adjusted by a gate device (not shown) that transmits or blocks the ion stream 310-2. The gate can be opened for a given amount of time to meter an appropriate number of ions, and then closed. The accumulated ions can then be transferred from ion memory 308 to mass analyzer 306-2 in ion stream 310-3. The gate device can also be used to adjust the transmission of ion stream 310-2. It will be appreciated that other techniques for adjusting ion accumulation can be used.

[0037] Mass analyzer 306-2 can be configured to perform mass analysis on ion swarms (e.g., during a tandem mass spectrometry process). As shown, mass analyzer 306-2 can analyze ions received from ion stream 310-3 (e.g., ions already fragmented in ion memory 308). In some examples, mass analyzer 306-2 may include an ion detector configured to detect ions at each of a variety of different m / z and responsively generate an electrical signal representing the ion intensity. The electrical signal can be transmitted to controller 302 for processing, such as constructing a mass spectrum of the detected ions. For example, mass analyzer 306-2 can generate and / or provide data that can be used by controller 302 to construct a mass spectrum.

[0038] As used herein, “mass spectrometry” or “spectrum” refers to a graph of ion intensity as a function of the m / z of an ion. As used herein, “intensity” or “signal intensity” refers to the response of an ion detector within one or more mass analyzers included in mass analyzer 306 and may represent absolute abundance, relative abundance, ion count, intensity, relative intensity, ion current, or any other suitable ion detection measure.

[0039] The controller 302 can perform some or all of the functions performed by the pump management system 102. For example, the controller 302 can be configured to control the operation of various hardware components included in the turbopump 106, ion source 304, mass analyzer 306, and / or ion memory 308. For example, the controller 302 can be configured to set the pump speed of the turbopump 106, control the accumulation time of the ion memory 308, control the oscillating voltage power supply and / or DC power supply to supply RF voltage and / or DC voltage to the mass analyzer 306, adjust the values ​​of the RF voltage and DC voltage to select the effective m / z (including the mass tolerance window) for analysis, and / or adjust the sensitivity of ion detection performed by the mass analyzer 306 (e.g., by adjusting the detector gain).

[0040] Controller 302 may also include and / or provide a user interface configured to enable interaction between a user and controller 302. For example, a user may interact with the user interface to select a desired operating mode of mass spectrometer 104 via the user interface. The user may interact with controller 302 via the user interface through tactile, visual, auditory, and / or other sensory communication. For example, the user interface may include a display device (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, touchscreen, etc.) for displaying information (e.g., mass spectra, notifications, etc.) to the user. The user interface may also include an input device (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, touchscreen device, etc.) that allows the user to provide input to controller 302. In other examples, the display device and / or input device may be decoupled from but communicatively coupled to controller 302. For example, the display device and input device may be included in a computer (e.g., a desktop computer, laptop computer, mobile device, etc.) communicatively connected to controller 302 via a wired connection (e.g., via one or more cables) and / or a wireless connection (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near-field communication, etc.).

[0041] Controller 302 may include any suitable hardware (e.g., processor, circuitry, etc.) and / or software that may serve a particular implementation. In some examples, controller 302 may be implemented by a computing device communicatively coupled to mass spectrometer 104 and / or turbopump 106 via a wired connection (e.g., cable) and / or a network (e.g., local area network, wireless network (e.g., Wi-Fi), wide area network, Internet, cellular data network, etc.). In some embodiments, controller 302 may be a component of mass spectrometer 104.

[0042] The methods, systems, and apparatus described herein may be operated as part of or in combination with the specific embodiment 300 described herein, and / or in combination with any other suitable mass spectrometer or mass spectrometry system, including combined separation-mass spectrometry systems such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS), or ion mobility spectrometry (IM-MS). The methods, systems, and apparatus described herein may also be operated in combination with a continuous flow sample source (such as in flow injection mass spectrometry (FI-MS)), wherein the analyte is injected into a solvent without separation in a column and enters the mass spectrometer.

[0043] The turbopump 106 can generate one or more vacuum stages within any number of the aforementioned components of the mass spectrometer 104. In some embodiments, each vacuum stage may correspond to a single component of the mass spectrometer 104. For example, a first vacuum stage may correspond to the ion source 304, and a second vacuum stage may correspond to the mass analyzer 306-1.

[0044] While embodiment 300 is shown as including a single turbopump 106, it should be understood that embodiment 300 may include any number of turbopumps for generating vacuum stages. For example, a first turbopump may generate a vacuum stage corresponding to a first component of mass spectrometer 104, and a second turbopump may generate a second vacuum stage corresponding to a second component of mass spectrometer 104. In some examples, controller 302 may manage multiple turbopumps for generating multiple vacuum stages. Controller 302 may selectively adjust any combination of turbopumps based on conditions associated with mass spectrometer 104. For example, pump management system 102 may maintain the pump rate of one or more other turbopumps while adjusting the pump rate of one or more of the multiple turbopumps. In some embodiments, one or more turbopumps may be associated with one or more earlier stages of the mass spectrometer compared to one or more other turbopumps. For example, one or more turbopumps may be associated with mass analyzer 306-1, while a particular turbopump may be associated with mass analyzer 306-2.

[0045] Figure 4 An exemplary method 400 for managing a turbopump used to generate and maintain one or more vacuum stages for a mass spectrometer is shown. Although Figure 4 The illustration shows an exemplary operation according to one embodiment, but other embodiments may omit, add, reorder, and / or modify it. Figure 4 Any of the operations shown. Figure 4 One or more of the operations shown may be performed by the pump management system 102, one or more components included in the pump management system, and / or any specific implementation of the pump management system.

[0046] At operation 402, the pump management system 102 may determine the operating mode of the mass spectrometer (e.g., mass spectrometer 104). The operating mode may specify one or more operating parameters of the mass spectrometer that define how the mass spectrometer performs a specific analysis during operation and / or any other way in which the mass spectrometer will operate. For example, one or more operating parameters may specify the data acquisition rate associated with the mass spectrometer, the calibration frequency associated with the mass spectrometer, the gas flow rate associated with the mass spectrometer, the fragmentation voltage associated with the mass spectrometer, the resolution setting associated with the mass spectrometer, and / or any other characteristic associated with the mass spectrometer.

[0047] The pump management system 102 can determine the operating mode of the mass spectrometer in any suitable manner. For example, the pump management system 102 can acquire (e.g., receive, detect, or otherwise access) input data and determine the operating mode based on that input data. The input data can be provided by a user (e.g., a user interacting with a user interface associated with the mass spectrometer), one or more components within the mass spectrometer, and / or one or more instruments (e.g., meters, sensors, etc.) configured to monitor one or more conditions associated with the mass spectrometer. For example, the input data may include data representing a predefined operating mode of the mass spectrometer and / or one or more characteristics associated with the mass spectrometer (e.g., data acquisition rate associated with the mass spectrometer, calibration frequency associated with the mass spectrometer, gas flow rate associated with the mass spectrometer, fragmentation voltage associated with the mass spectrometer, resolution setting associated with the mass spectrometer, etc.).

[0048] As mentioned, the input data used to determine the operating mode of the mass spectrometer may include user input data. For example, user input data may represent a user's selection of a specific operating mode for the mass spectrometer. For illustration, a user may interact with a user interface to select a specific operating mode of the mass spectrometer from a list of predefined operating modes presented within the user interface. The user interface may be provided via an application executed by a computing device configured to control the mass spectrometer. The computing device enables the mass spectrometer to operate according to the selected operating mode.

[0049] The list of predefined operating modes from which users can select may include any number of operating modes. For example, predefined operating modes may include different operating modes associated with different molecular sizes or types of samples to be analyzed by the mass spectrometer, one or more operating modes associated with a bakeout process that can be performed on one or more components of the mass spectrometer, one or more operating modes associated with different types of mass spectrometry processes that can be performed by the mass spectrometer, and so on. Each of these operating modes may require different pressure levels within one or more vacuum stages generated by a turbopump associated with the mass spectrometer, or may otherwise be optimized by those different pressure levels. Examples of this are described herein.

[0050] In some implementations, user input data used to determine the operating mode of the mass spectrometer may represent the user's selection or setting of one or more parameters that define how the mass spectrometer will operate. For example, the user may select a specific data acquisition rate for the mass spectrometer. The pump management system 102 may determine the operating mode accordingly based on the selected data acquisition rate.

[0051] In some implementations, the pump management system 102 may determine the operating mode based on determining that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform a specific type of mass spectrometry process. For example, the pump management system 102 may determine that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform a collision-based mass spectrometry process (e.g., a collision-induced dissociation process that induces fragmentation of selected ions in the gas phase). This particular process may require, or may otherwise be optimized by, a relatively high pressure level within one or more vacuum stages generated by a turbopump associated with the mass spectrometer.

[0052] In some implementations, the pump management system 102 can determine the operating mode of the mass spectrometer by identifying the characteristics of the sample to be analyzed by the mass spectrometer. Sample characteristics may include any suitable properties of the sample, such as the molecular size (e.g., relatively large molecular size, relatively small molecular size, etc.), the physical state of the sample, the solubility level of the sample, the compositional class of the sample, the staining of the sample, the hardness level of the sample, and / or the stability level of the sample. For example, the operating mode may be determined based on determining that the sample belongs to a specific compositional class (such as oligonucleotides, macromolecules, polymers, inorganic compounds, and / or environmental compounds).

[0053] In some embodiments, the pump management system 102 can determine the operating mode of the mass spectrometer by determining that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform a baking degassing process on one or more components of the mass spectrometer. The baking degassing process may involve heating one or more components of the mass spectrometer to extremely high temperatures to remove contaminants such as water vapor, residual gases, and / or hydrocarbons. The pump management system 102 can determine that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform the baking degassing process by determining that one or more heaters associated with the mass spectrometer will be activated and / or in any other suitable manner.

[0054] The pump management system 102 can determine the operating mode of the mass spectrometer at any suitable time. For example, the operating mode can be determined before the mass spectrometer operates according to the operating mode (e.g., before the mass spectrometer is used to analyze samples). In some examples, the operating mode can be determined in real time during a temporary shutdown period of the mass spectrometer after it has started operating and / or while the mass spectrometer is analyzing samples.

[0055] At operation 404, the pump management system 102 can set the pump speed of a turbopump (e.g., turbopump 106) used to generate one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer based on the operating mode. As described above, the pump speed can refer to any setting of a defined rate at which the turbopump generates one or more vacuum stages. For example, the pump speed can be a setting of a specified frequency (e.g., measured in revolutions per minute) at which one or more fan blades rotate within the turbopump to generate a vacuum stage.

[0056] At operation 406, the pump management system 102 can operate the turbopump at that pump speed when the mass spectrometer operates according to the operating mode. The pump management system 102 can operate the turbopump at that pump speed in any suitable manner. For example, the pump management system 102 can transmit commands to the turbopump to set the pump speed, adjust the operating power or voltage associated with the pump speed, and / or otherwise operate the turbopump at a desired pump speed.

[0057] The following will now be provided examples of determining the operating mode of a mass spectrometer, setting the pump speed of a turbopump for generating one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer based on the operating mode, and operating the turbopump at that pump speed.

[0058] In some examples, when the molecular size of the sample to be analyzed by the mass spectrometer is smaller than a threshold molecular size, the pump management system 102 may determine that the operating mode is a first operating mode (e.g., "small molecule" mode or "peptide mode"). In this case, the high pressure levels in the first few vacuum stages of the mass spectrometer may not be beneficial and may even cause problems (e.g., long ion flight times, which slow down the spectral acquisition rate and reduce the performance of the ion filters and detectors). Therefore, based on the operating mode being the first operating mode, the pump management system 102 may set the pump rate to above the threshold pump rate, thereby resulting in a relatively low pressure level in the vacuum stage (e.g., less than 150 mTorr in the first vacuum region after the ion funnel at the atmospheric pressure inlet associated with the mass spectrometer).

[0059] Alternatively, when the molecular size of the sample to be analyzed by the mass spectrometer is larger than a threshold molecular size, the pump management system 102 may determine that the operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., "macromolecule" mode). In this case, effective desolvation of these large ions may require a large voltage drop between vacuum stages (e.g., "intra-source dissociation"). To accommodate these large, fast-moving molecules, relatively high gas pressures may be required in the downstream vacuum stage. Therefore, in this case, the pump rate can be set below the threshold pump rate, thereby giving the vacuum stage a relatively high pressure level (e.g., greater than 150 mTorr in the first vacuum region after the ion funnel at the atmospheric pressure inlet associated with the mass spectrometer).

[0060] As another example, if the pump management system 102 determines that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform a baking and degassing process on one or more components of the mass spectrometer, the pump management system 102 may set the pump rate to below a threshold pump rate. This allows the pump to generate less heat by operating at a lower pump rate, which may allow other areas of the mass spectrometer to be heated to high temperature levels during the baking and degassing process without exceeding any temperature limits within one or more components.

[0061] As another example, the pump management system 102 can determine that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform a collision-based mass spectrometry process. As mentioned, this particular process may require, or can be optimized by, a relatively high pressure level within one or more vacuum stages generated by a turbopump associated with the mass spectrometer. Therefore, the pump management system 102 can set the pump rate to below a threshold pump rate.

[0062] In some examples, the pump management system 102 may additionally and / or alternatively monitor one or more conditions associated with the mass spectrometer while the mass spectrometer is in operation, and adjust the pump speed of the turbopump to account for changes in one or more conditions.

[0063] For example, Figure 5 Another exemplary method 500 for managing a turbopump used in a mass spectrometer is shown. Although Figure 5 The illustration shows an exemplary operation according to one embodiment, but other embodiments may omit, add, reorder, and / or modify it. Figure 5 Any of the operations shown. Figure 5 One or more of the operations shown may be performed by the pump management system 102, one or more components included in the pump management system, and / or any specific implementation of the pump management system.

[0064] At operation 502, the pump management system 102 may use one or more instruments to monitor conditions associated with the mass spectrometer while the mass spectrometer is in operation (e.g., when the mass spectrometer is operating according to an operating mode to analyze samples), the one or more instruments being located outside the turbopump used to generate one or more vacuum levels for the mass spectrometer.

[0065] This condition may include any suitable type of condition associated with the mass spectrometer. For example, the condition may include the temperature level associated with one or more components of the mass spectrometer and / or with the turbopump. Additionally and / or alternatively, the condition may include the pressure level within at least one of the one or more vacuum stages generated by the turbopump. Additionally or alternatively, the condition may include the operating duration associated with the mass spectrometer, the error rate or events associated with the mass spectrometer (e.g., contamination events, calibration inaccuracy events, etc.), the humidity level associated with the turbopump and / or with one or more components of the mass spectrometer, etc.

[0066] As mentioned, the pump management system 102 may use one or more instruments located outside the turbopump (e.g., not within the turbopump) to monitor conditions associated with the mass spectrometer. For example, the one or more instruments may include one or more sensors and / or meters located within one or more components of the mass spectrometer. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more instruments may be located outside the mass spectrometer. For example, the one or more instruments may include one or more sensors and / or meters located within the environment of the mass spectrometer (e.g., a laboratory). The one or more sensors and / or meters may be configured to measure, for example, temperature, pressure levels, etc., which may be applicable to a particular implementation.

[0067] At operation 504, the pump management system 102 can determine, based on this monitoring, that a change in conditions exceeds a threshold. The threshold can be selected based on one or more characteristics of a component associated with the condition. For example, characteristics may include the maximum or ideal operating temperature and / or pressure level associated with the component.

[0068] At operation 506, the pump management system 102 can adjust the pump speed of the turbopump used to generate one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer based on conditions exceeding a threshold and while the mass spectrometer is in operation.

[0069] For example, the pump rate can be reduced based on determining that the temperature level associated with the turbopump and / or mass spectrometer has increased beyond a threshold. This can help reduce or otherwise regulate the temperature level, thereby preventing or minimizing downtime required for instrument cooling if the temperature level becomes too high.

[0070] Correspondingly, the pump rate can be increased based on determining that the temperature level has decreased beyond a threshold. For example, after reducing the pump rate to help cool components of the mass spectrometer, the pump management system 102 can determine that the temperature level has returned to an acceptable range. The pump management system 102 can then increase the pump rate back to the rate it was before the reduction.

[0071] In some implementations, adjusting the pump speed may include temporarily shutting down the turbopump and / or other components of the mass spectrometer's vacuum system.

[0072] Although operation 506 is described as adjusting the pump rate based on a condition change exceeding a threshold, it should be understood that the pump rate may be adjusted based on conditions meeting any suitable criteria associated with the mass spectrometer. For example, criteria may include one or more of the following: conditions exceeding a threshold, conditions falling below a threshold, and / or the rate of change of conditions exceeding a threshold. In some examples, criteria may include determining that conditions will change beyond a threshold within a specific time period and / or operation phase.

[0073] In some implementations, the pump rate can be continuously adjusted over time based on the value of a condition. For example, the pump rate can be continuously decreased as the temperature level associated with the mass spectrometer increases. Similarly, the pump rate can be continuously increased as the temperature level decreases.

[0074] While method 500 is shown as including operations 502 through 506, it should be understood that method 500 may include any number of additional and / or alternative operations associated with managing the turbopump used for the mass spectrometer. In some embodiments, for example, pump management system 102 may continue to monitor conditions associated with the mass spectrometer after the pump rate has been adjusted. Pump management system 102 may determine that the condition has reversed at least a portion of a change exceeding a threshold. For example, if the condition increases beyond a threshold, pump management system 102 may determine that the condition has decreased at least a portion of the threshold. In some embodiments, this portion may be the entire threshold, such that pump management system 102 determines that the condition has reversed the entire change (e.g., returned to the value before the change).

[0075] The pump management system 102 can readjust the pump speed based on determined conditions that at least a portion of the change has been reversed. For example, the pump speed can be returned to a setting and / or value set for the pump speed before the adjustment.

[0076] In some embodiments, the pump management system 102 can manage multiple turbopumps used to generate multiple vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer. The pump management system 102 can selectively adjust any combination of turbopumps based on conditions. For example, the pump management system 102 can maintain the pump rate of one or more turbopumps (e.g., at operation 506) while adjusting the pump rate of a particular turbopump. In some embodiments, one or more turbopumps may be associated with one or more earlier stages of the mass spectrometer compared to a particular turbopump. For example, one or more turbopumps may be associated with mass analyzer 306-1, while a particular turbopump may be associated with mass analyzer 306-2.

[0077] In some implementations, the pump management system 102 can monitor multiple conditions associated with the mass spectrometer. The pump management system 102 can determine that a change in each of the multiple conditions exceeds a corresponding threshold. For example, the pump management system 102 can determine that a temperature level change associated with a first component of the mass spectrometer exceeds a first threshold, and a temperature level change associated with a second component of the mass spectrometer exceeds a second threshold.

[0078] The pump management system 102 can adjust the pump speed of the turbopump used to generate one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer based on multiple conditions exceeding corresponding thresholds and while the mass spectrometer is in operation. For example, the pump speed can be reduced based on determining that the temperature level associated with a first component of the mass spectrometer increases by more than a first threshold and the temperature level associated with a second component of the mass spectrometer increases by more than a second threshold.

[0079] Figure 6A An exemplary configuration 600 for managing a turbopump for a mass spectrometer is shown. As shown, configuration 600 may include a pump management system 102, a mass spectrometer 104, and a turbopump 106. Configuration 600 is operable to perform various pump management functions as described herein, such as operations 402 to 406 of method 400 and / or operations 502 to 206 of method 500.

[0080] The pump management system 102 may include one or more modules for performing pump management functions. As shown, the pump management system 102 may include an operation mode module 602. The operation mode module 602 may be implemented by any suitable combination of hardware and / or software (e.g., by processing facility 204). The operation mode module 602 may be configured to set the pump speed of the turbopump 106 based on the operation mode of the mass spectrometer 104 (e.g., by performing operations 402 to 406). For example, as shown, the operation mode module 602 may receive input data 604. The input data 604 may include any type of input data as described herein, such as user input indicating the selection of an operation mode for the mass spectrometer 104. The operation mode module 602 may determine the operation mode based on the input data 604. The operation mode module 602 may set the pump speed of the turbopump 106 and cause the turbopump 106 to operate at that pump speed to generate one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer 104.

[0081] like Figure 6B As shown, the pump management system 102 may additionally and / or alternatively include a monitoring module 606. The monitoring module 606 may be implemented by any suitable combination of hardware and / or software (e.g., by processing facility 204). The monitoring module 606 may be configured to adjust the pumping rate of the turbopump 106 based on conditions associated with the mass spectrometer 104 and / or the turbopump 106 (e.g., by performing operations 502 to 506). For example, as shown, the monitoring module 606 may receive condition data from the turbopump 106 and / or the mass spectrometer 104 while monitoring the turbopump 106 and / or the mass spectrometer 104. The condition data may indicate conditions associated with the turbopump 106 and / or the mass spectrometer 104. The monitoring module 606 may determine that a condition change indicated by the condition data exceeds a threshold (and / or otherwise meets one or more criteria). The monitoring module 606 may adjust the pumping rate of the turbopump 106 based on this determination. The turbopump 106 can generate one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer 104 based on the adjusted pump speed.

[0082] In some embodiments, one or more of the systems, components, and / or processes described herein may be implemented and / or performed by one or more suitably configured computing systems or devices. To this end, one or more of the aforementioned systems and / or components may include, or be implemented by, any computer hardware and / or computer-implemented instructions (e.g., software) embodied on, or on, at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to perform one or more of the processes described above. Specifically, system components may be implemented on one physical computing system or device, or on more than one physical computing system or device. Therefore, system components may include any number of computing systems and devices, and may employ any number of computer operating systems.

[0083] In some embodiments, one or more processes described herein may be implemented at least in part as instructions embodied in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more computing systems. Typically, a processor (e.g., a microprocessor) receives instructions from a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., memory, etc.) and executes those instructions, thereby performing one or more processes, including one or more processes described herein. Such instructions can be stored and / or transmitted using any of a variety of known computer-readable media.

[0084] Computer-readable media (also known as processor-readable media) include any non-transitory medium that participates in providing data (e.g., instructions) that can be read by a computer (e.g., by the computer's processor). Such media can take many forms, including but not limited to non-volatile and / or volatile media. Non-volatile media can include, for example, optical discs or magnetic disks, and other permanent storage. Volatile media can include, for example, dynamic random access memory (“DRAM”), which typically constitutes main memory. Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, magnetic disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, any other magnetic media, optical disc read-only memory (“CD-ROM”), digital video discs (“DVD”), any other optical media, random access memory (“RAM”), programmable read-only memory (“PROM”), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (“EPROM”), FLASH-EEPROM, any other memory chip or cassette disk, or any other tangible medium that is computer-readable.

[0085] Figure 7 An exemplary computing device 700 is shown that can be specifically configured to perform one or more of the operations, methods, and processes described herein. Any of the systems, computing devices, and / or other components described herein may be implemented by computing device 700.

[0086] like Figure 7As shown, computing device 700 may include a communication interface 702, a processor 704, a storage device 706, and an input / output (“I / O”) module 708 that are communicatively connected to each other via communication infrastructure 710. Although Figure 7 An exemplary computing device 700 is shown, but Figure 7 The components shown are not intended to be limiting. Additional or alternative components may be used in other embodiments. A more detailed description will now follow. Figure 7 The components of the computing device 700 shown.

[0087] Communication interface 702 can be configured to communicate with one or more computing devices. Examples of communication interface 702 include, but are not limited to, wired network interfaces (such as network interface cards), wireless network interfaces (such as wireless network interface cards), modems, audio / video connectors, and any other suitable interfaces.

[0088] Processor 704 generally refers to any type or form of processing unit capable of processing data and / or interpreting, executing, and / or directing one or more of the instructions, procedures, and / or operations described herein. Processor 704 may perform operations by executing computer-executable instructions 712 (e.g., application programs, software, code, and / or other executable data instances) stored in storage device 706.

[0089] Storage device 706 may include one or more data storage media, devices, or configurations, and may employ any type, form, and combination of data storage media and / or devices. For example, storage device 706 may include, but is not limited to, any combination of non-volatile media and / or volatile media described herein. Electronic data including the data described herein may be stored temporarily and / or permanently in storage device 706. For example, data representing computer-executable instructions 712 configured to boot processor 704 to perform any of the operations described herein may be stored within storage device 706. In some examples, data may be arranged in one or more databases residing within storage device 706.

[0090] I / O module 708 may include one or more I / O modules configured to receive user input and provide user output. One or more I / O modules can be used to receive input for a single virtual experience. I / O module 708 may include any hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof that supports input and output capabilities. For example, I / O module 708 may include hardware and / or software for capturing user input, including but not limited to a keyboard or keypad, a touchscreen component (e.g., a touchscreen display), a receiver (e.g., an RF or infrared receiver), a motion sensor, and / or one or more input buttons.

[0091] I / O module 708 may include one or more devices for presenting output to a user, including but not limited to a graphics engine, a display (e.g., a screen), one or more output drivers (e.g., display drivers), one or more audio speakers, and one or more audio drivers. In some embodiments, I / O module 708 is configured to provide graphical data to a display for presentation to a user. The graphical data may represent one or more graphical user interfaces and / or any other graphical content that may serve a particular implementation.

[0092] In the preceding description, various exemplary embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be apparent that various modifications and alterations can be made thereto, and additional embodiments can be implemented, without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. For example, certain features of one embodiment described herein may be combined with or substituted for features of another embodiment described herein. Therefore, this description and the accompanying drawings should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0093] The advantages and features of this disclosure are further described in the following statements:

[0094] Example 1. A method comprising: determining an operating mode of a mass spectrometer by a pump management system; setting a pump speed of a turbopump for generating one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer based on the operating mode; and causing the turbopump to operate at the pump speed when the mass spectrometer is operating according to the operating mode by the pump management system.

[0095] Example 2. According to the method described in Example 1, wherein: determining the operating mode of the mass spectrometer includes: when the molecular size of the sample to be analyzed by the mass spectrometer is less than a threshold molecular size, determining the operating mode to be a first operating mode; and when the molecular size of the sample to be analyzed by the mass spectrometer is greater than the threshold molecular size, determining the operating mode to be a second operating mode; and setting the pump speed includes: for the first operating mode, setting the pump speed to a pump speed higher than a threshold pump speed; and for the second operating mode, setting the pump speed to a pump speed lower than the threshold pump speed.

[0096] Example 3. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein determining the operating mode occurs before the mass spectrometer operates according to the operating mode.

[0097] Example 4. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, the method further comprising: obtaining input data provided by the user from the pump management system; wherein the determination of the operating mode of the mass spectrometer is based on the input data provided by the user.

[0098] Example 5. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein obtaining the input data includes detecting the user's selection of a specific operating mode from a predefined list of operating modes presented within a user interface, the user interface being provided by an application executed by a computing device configured to control the mass spectrometer.

[0099] Example 6. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein determining the operating mode of the mass spectrometer is based on determining that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform a collision-based mass spectrometry process.

[0100] Example 7. The method according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein the determination of the operating mode of the mass spectrometer is based on the fact that the sample to be analyzed by the mass spectrometer contains oligonucleotides.

[0101] Example 8. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein determining the operating mode of the mass spectrometer is based on determining that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform a baking and degassing process on one or more components of the mass spectrometer; and setting the pump speed includes setting the pump speed to a pump speed below a threshold pump speed.

[0102] Example 9. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, the method further comprising: monitoring conditions associated with the mass spectrometer by the pump management system when the mass spectrometer is operating according to the operating mode; determining, based on the monitoring, that the condition change exceeds a threshold; and adjusting the pump speed by the pump management system based on the condition change exceeding the threshold and while the mass spectrometer is in operation.

[0103] Example 10. The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the conditions include a temperature level associated with at least one of: the turbopump; or one or more components of the mass spectrometer.

[0104] Example 11. The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein: determining that the condition change exceeds the threshold includes determining that the temperature level increases beyond the threshold; and adjusting the pump speed includes reducing the pump speed.

[0105] Example 12. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the conditions include the pressure level within at least one of the one or more vacuum levels.

[0106] Example 13. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein: determining that the condition change exceeds the threshold includes determining that the pressure level increases beyond the threshold; and adjusting the pump speed includes increasing the pump speed.

[0107] Example 14. The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the pump speed specifies a frequency, and one or more fan blades rotate within the turbopump at the specified frequency to generate the one or more vacuum stages.

[0108] Example 15. A method comprising: using one or more instruments, while a mass spectrometer is in operation, by a pump management system to monitor conditions associated with the mass spectrometer, the one or more instruments being located outside a turbopump for generating one or more vacuum levels for the mass spectrometer; determining, based on the monitoring, that the condition change exceeds a threshold; and adjusting the pump rate of the turbopump based on the condition change exceeding the threshold and while the mass spectrometer is in operation.

[0109] Example 16. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the conditions include a temperature level associated with at least one of: the turbopump; or one or more components of the mass spectrometer.

[0110] Example 17. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein: determining that the condition change exceeds a threshold includes determining that the temperature level increases beyond the threshold; and adjusting the pump speed includes reducing the pump speed.

[0111] Example 18. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the conditions include the pressure level within at least one of the one or more vacuum levels.

[0112] Example 19. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, the method further comprising: determining the operating mode of the mass spectrometer by the pump management system; wherein adjusting the pump speed is also based on the operating mode.

[0113] Example 20. A system comprising: a mass spectrometer configured to analyze molecules of a sample; and a computing device communicatively coupled to the mass spectrometer and configured to perform processes including: determining an operating mode of the mass spectrometer; setting a pump speed of a turbopump for generating one or more vacuum stages for the mass spectrometer based on the operating mode; and causing the turbopump to operate at the pump speed when the mass spectrometer operates according to the operating mode.

Claims

1. A method, the method comprising: The operating mode of the mass spectrometer is determined by the pump management system; The pump management system sets the pump speed of the turbopump used to generate one or more vacuum levels for the mass spectrometer based on the operating mode. as well as The pump management system causes the turbopump to operate at the pump speed when the mass spectrometer operates according to the operating mode.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Determining the operating mode of the mass spectrometer includes: When the molecular size of the sample to be analyzed by the mass spectrometer is smaller than the threshold molecular size, the operating mode is determined to be the first operating mode, and When the molecular size of the sample to be analyzed by the mass spectrometer is greater than the threshold molecular size, the operating mode is determined to be the second operating mode; and Setting the pump speed includes: For the first operating mode, the pump speed is set to a value higher than the threshold pump speed, and In the second operating mode, the pump speed is set to be lower than the threshold pump speed.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the operating mode occurs before the mass spectrometer operates according to the operating mode.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The pump management system obtains input data provided by the user; The operating mode of the mass spectrometer is determined based on the input data provided by the user.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein obtaining the input data includes detecting the user's selection of a specific operating mode from a predefined list of operating modes presented within a user interface, the user interface being provided by an application executed by a computing device configured to control the mass spectrometer.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The pump management system determines that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform a specific type of mass spectrometry process; The determination of the operating mode of the mass spectrometer is based on determining that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform the specific type of mass spectrometry process.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The pump management system identifies the characteristics of the sample to be analyzed by the mass spectrometer; The determination of the operating mode of the mass spectrometer is based on the identification of the characteristics.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the operating mode of the mass spectrometer is based on determining that the mass spectrometer will operate to perform a baking and degassing process on one or more components of the mass spectrometer; and Setting the pump speed includes setting the pump speed to a level below a threshold.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The pump management system monitors conditions associated with the mass spectrometer when the mass spectrometer operates according to the operating mode; The pump management system determines, based on the monitoring, that the condition change exceeds a threshold; as well as The pump management system adjusts the pump speed based on the conditions, which change beyond the threshold, and when the mass spectrometer is in operation.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the conditions include a temperature level associated with at least one of: the turbopump; or one or more components of the mass spectrometer.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein: Determining that the condition change exceeds the threshold includes determining that the temperature level increases beyond the threshold; and Adjusting the pump speed includes reducing the pump speed.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the condition includes the pressure level within at least one of the one or more vacuum levels.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: Determining that the condition change exceeds the threshold includes determining that the pressure level increases beyond the threshold; and Adjusting the pump speed includes increasing the pump speed.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the pump speed specifies a frequency, and one or more fan blades rotate within the turbopump at the frequency to generate the one or more vacuum stages.

15. A method comprising: The pump management system uses one or more instruments to monitor conditions associated with the mass spectrometer while the mass spectrometer is in operation; the one or more instruments are located outside the turbopump used to generate one or more vacuum levels for the mass spectrometer. The pump management system determines, based on the monitoring, that the condition change exceeds a threshold; as well as The pump management system adjusts the pump speed of the turbopump based on the conditions changing beyond the threshold and when the mass spectrometer is in operation.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the conditions include a temperature level associated with at least one of: the turbopump; or one or more components of the mass spectrometer.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein: Determining that the condition change exceeds a threshold includes determining that the temperature level increases beyond the threshold; and Adjusting the pump speed includes reducing the pump speed.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the condition includes a pressure level within at least one of the one or more vacuum levels.

19. The method according to claim 15, further comprising: The operating mode of the mass spectrometer is determined by the pump management system; The adjustment of the pump speed is also based on the operating mode.

20. A system comprising: A mass spectrometer configured to analyze molecules in a sample; A computing device, communicatively coupled to the mass spectrometer and configured to perform processes including the following: Determine the operating mode of the mass spectrometer; The pump speed of the turbopump used to generate one or more vacuum levels for the mass spectrometer is set based on the operating mode. as well as When the mass spectrometer operates according to the operating mode, the turbopump is operated at the pump speed.

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