Storage battery state sensing and processing device and method based on health degree dynamic grouping

Abstract

The invention discloses a storage battery state sensing and processing device and method based on health degree dynamic grouping, and relates to the technical field of substation direct-current power supply monitoring. The state information of the storage battery is comprehensively sensed through the operation states of floating charge current, uniform charge current, storage battery internal resistance, storage battery voltage and storage battery temperature information; the dynamic grouping module is used for dynamically grouping the health degrees of the storage battery monomers according to the health states of the storage battery monomers monitored in real time; the fault diagnosis module is used for carrying out grouping collaborative response on the faults of the storage battery monomers and judging the fault information of the storage battery monomers; and the fault handling module triggers differential handling measures according to the fault information. The method comprises the following steps: judging fault information of a storage battery monomer; acquired fault information is analyzed and judged, troubleshooting processing is prompted in time, system and operation risks are reduced, and the power supply reliability of the storage battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of DC power supply monitoring technology in substations, specifically to a battery status sensing and handling device and method based on dynamic health grouping. Background Technology

[0002] In DC power supply systems of substations, battery banks serve as critical backup power sources, and their reliability and stability directly impact the safe operation of the power system. Existing systems often rely on single voltage / temperature monitoring, which cannot capture early fault characteristics (such as sulfation and micro-short circuits) such as changes in internal resistance and current fluctuations, leading to delayed fault warnings. Battery bank performance is constrained by the worst-performing individual cell, but traditional equalization strategies (such as global equalization charging) are prone to overcharging / undercharging, accelerating overall degradation.

[0003] Monitoring battery packs requires collecting information such as voltage and current. However, current technologies only collect these parameters without forming a multi-parameter coupling model, such as the synergistic relationship between internal resistance, temperature, and current. This results in a high false alarm rate. Furthermore, battery monitoring relies on threshold alarms, which trigger an alarm when a certain threshold is reached. Under single-condition alarms, the false alarm rate is high. If the internal resistance and capacity of parallel batteries differ significantly, it may lead to uneven current distribution and accelerate the aging of some batteries.

[0004] The one-size-fits-all charging and discharging control of batteries in existing technologies cannot provide precise maintenance for different types of faults.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient and safe sensing and handling technology suitable for parallel battery packs, which can simplify the operation and maintenance process while improving the reliability of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, and to design a battery status sensing and handling system and method based on dynamic health grouping. By sensing the multi-dimensional status of the battery, the diagnostic accuracy is improved, and handling measures are triggered according to the type of diagnosed fault.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery status sensing and handling system based on dynamic health grouping, comprising:

[0009] A battery status sensing and handling system based on dynamic health grouping includes:

[0010] The multi-parameter collaborative monitoring module comprehensively perceives the battery status information through the operation status of float charge current, equalization charge current, battery internal resistance, battery voltage, and battery temperature.

[0011] The dynamic grouping module dynamically groups battery cells based on their health status as monitored in real time.

[0012] The fault diagnosis module groups and coordinates responses to individual battery cell faults to determine the fault information of each individual battery cell.

[0013] The fault handling module triggers differentiated handling measures based on fault information.

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the multi-parameter collaborative monitoring module includes:

[0015] The battery voltage acquisition module includes several battery cell voltage acquisition devices, which acquire the voltage of each battery cell through a two-wire connection method. Each battery cell has a sampling line connected to both the positive and negative terminals.

[0016] A distributed temperature sensor group, with a thermistor placed inside the metal lug of the negative electrode sampling line, calculates the battery temperature by monitoring the resistance value of the thermistor.

[0017] The battery internal resistance measurement module injects a fixed-frequency AC current signal into the battery and calculates the battery internal resistance based on the fixed-frequency voltage across the battery terminals, the fixed-frequency current flowing through it, and the phase difference.

[0018] The battery status monitoring module is used to monitor the direction and magnitude of the battery current and determine the current working status of the battery, which includes discharge, float charge and equalization charge states.

[0019] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in the battery voltage acquisition module, each battery cell voltage acquisition module uses a 16-bit ADC converter to perform voltage conversion, ensuring that the battery voltage acquisition error is less than ±0.5%; the acquired voltage signal is transmitted through an isolation module.

[0020] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the dynamic grouping module includes:

[0021] The working group sorts the battery cells according to their health status based on real-time monitoring, and assigns the healthy battery cells to the working group.

[0022] The spare group is comprised of unhealthy battery cells.

[0023] The supplementary switching module is used to replace the battery cell with the highest health status in the backup group when a battery cell in the working group fails. The supplementary switching module is a high-frequency combination switch.

[0024] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the fault diagnosis module includes a fault feature library, which stores fault information, including fault type, judgment conditions and handling strategy, wherein the fault type includes open circuit fault, internal short circuit and capacity decay fault.

[0025] The determination criteria include:

[0026] Single-unit open-circuit fault: voltage ≤ 8V and internal resistance > 50mΩ;

[0027] Internal short circuit: The voltage drops by more than 30% within a preset time and the temperature rise rate is >3℃ / min;

[0028] Capacity decay: Internal resistance exceeds 120% of the nominal value and capacitance is less than 80%.

[0029] The handling strategy includes:

[0030] Emergency exit unit, in response to the determination of single cell open circuit or internal short circuit, cuts off the faulty battery circuit within ≤10ms;

[0031] The planned exit unit, in response to capacity degradation determination, generates a maintenance instruction to replace it within 72 hours;

[0032] The dynamic current sharing compensation unit redistributes the load to the remaining batteries after the faulty battery is removed.

[0033] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the determination of the internal short circuit further includes:

[0034] A level 2 alarm is triggered when the individual cell voltage is detected to drop from 13.2V to 9.5V within 10 seconds;

[0035] When the accompanying temperature rise rate is ≥5℃ / min, the alarm is upgraded to Level 1 and the fire suppression linkage is activated.

[0036] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for sensing and handling battery status based on dynamic health grouping, including:

[0037] Step S1: Monitor the battery's float charge current, equalization charge current, battery internal resistance, battery voltage, and battery temperature information through the multi-parameter collaborative monitoring module to comprehensively perceive the battery's status information;

[0038] Step S2: Based on the real-time monitored health status of individual battery cells, dynamically group the battery cells according to their health status.

[0039] Step S3: Group and coordinate the response to individual battery cell faults to determine the fault information of the individual battery cells;

[0040] Step S4: Trigger differentiated handling measures based on the fault information.

[0041] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the step of dynamically grouping the battery cells according to their health status based on real-time monitoring includes:

[0042] Based on the real-time monitoring of the health status of individual battery cells, the individual battery cells are sorted according to their health status, and those battery cells that are in good health are divided into working groups.

[0043] Unhealthy battery cells are reassigned to the spare group;

[0044] When a battery cell in the working group fails, the battery cell with the highest health status in the backup group is added to the working group; the addition switching module is a high-frequency combination switch.

[0045] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the step of triggering differentiated handling measures based on fault information specifically includes:

[0046] Step S41: Monitor the voltage, internal resistance, and temperature parameters of each individual cell in real time;

[0047] Step S42: When the detected voltage is ≤8V and the internal resistance is >50mΩ, it is determined to be an open circuit fault, and the emergency exit procedure is initiated;

[0048] Step S43: Disconnect the faulty branch in a zero-current state using the intelligent power switch group;

[0049] Step S44: Use a bidirectional DC / DC module to compensate for the current gap in the exit branch and achieve dynamic current sharing.

[0050] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the detection of the zero current state in step S43 includes:

[0051] The current was detected to be <0.1A three times consecutively within a preset 10ms time window;

[0052] Verify that the voltage difference across the faulty battery is less than 0.5V.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] 1. This invention performs real-time online monitoring of the battery through full-state data, comprehensively sensing the operating status through information such as float charge current, equalization charge current, battery internal resistance, battery voltage, and battery temperature; it compares the battery status information sensed by the multi-parameter collaborative monitoring module with the fault feature database to determine the fault information of individual battery cells; it analyzes and judges the collected fault information and promptly reminds the user to investigate and handle the problem, thereby reducing system and operational risks;

[0055] 2. The online monitoring method for battery internal resistance employs the small-signal injection method. The AC injection method measures internal resistance by injecting a fixed-frequency AC current signal into the battery, measuring the fixed-frequency voltage across the battery terminals, the fixed-frequency current flowing through the battery, and the phase difference between them. This allows for the calculation of the battery's internal resistance. A four-wire internal resistance measurement circuit eliminates the influence of contact resistance on the measurement results.

[0056] 3. This invention enables the monitoring of the operating status of the storage battery, dividing it into working groups and standby groups to ensure the reliability of the power supply from the main storage battery. The high-frequency combination switch allows for convenient and quick switching in and out of individual battery cells. For a faulty battery cell, it is controlled to exit, and other battery cells are automatically controlled to take over, achieving seamless connection between dynamic topology reconfiguration of the battery pack and power supply quality, thereby improving the reliability of the battery power supply. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the battery status sensing and handling system based on dynamic health grouping proposed in this invention.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-parameter collaborative monitoring module structure proposed in this invention;

[0059] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery voltage acquisition module proposed in this invention;

[0060] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the distributed temperature sensor group structure proposed in this invention;

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the battery replenishment switching switch control structure proposed in this invention;

[0062] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the treatment strategy proposed in this invention;

[0063] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the battery status sensing and handling method based on dynamic health grouping proposed in this invention.

[0064] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the differentiated handling measures triggered based on fault information proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:

[0066] It should be noted that the structures, colors, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0067] Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a battery status sensing and handling system based on dynamic health grouping, comprising:

[0069] The multi-parameter collaborative monitoring module 10 comprehensively senses the battery status information through the operation status of floating charge current, equalizing charge current, battery internal resistance, battery voltage, and battery temperature information.

[0070] The dynamic grouping module 20 dynamically groups the battery cells according to their health status based on real-time monitoring.

[0071] The fault diagnosis module 30 performs grouped and coordinated responses to individual battery cell faults and determines the fault information of individual battery cells.

[0072] The fault handling module 40 triggers differentiated handling measures based on the fault information.

[0073] This invention enables real-time online monitoring of the battery through full-state data, comprehensively sensing its operating status through information such as float charge current, equalization charge current, battery internal resistance, battery voltage, and battery temperature.

[0074] The battery cells are grouped according to their health status using a dynamic grouping module. Healthy battery cells are grouped into working groups, while unhealthy battery cells are grouped into backup groups. The fault information of battery cells is compared with the fault feature database to determine the fault information of the battery cells. The collected fault information is analyzed and judged, and timely reminders are given for troubleshooting and handling to reduce system and operational risks.

[0075] This invention enables monitoring of the battery's operating status. For a faulty battery cell, it controls its shutdown and controls other battery cells to automatically take over, achieving seamless integration of dynamic topology reconfiguration of the battery pack and power supply quality, thereby improving the reliability of the battery's power supply.

[0076] See Figure 2 The multi-parameter collaborative monitoring module 100 includes:

[0077] The battery voltage acquisition module 101 includes several battery cell voltage acquisition devices, which acquire the voltage of each battery cell through a two-wire connection method. Each battery cell has a sampling line connected to both its positive and negative terminals.

[0078] The individual battery cell voltage is collected using an independent acquisition method. This means that each battery has its own dedicated acquisition module, such as... Figure 3 As shown, each battery voltage sample uses a two-wire connection method, meaning each battery cell has a separate sampling line connected to both the positive and negative terminals to prevent interference between sampling lines. To accurately represent the battery temperature, the temperature sensor responsible for temperature sampling is integrated into the negative terminal sampling line of the battery.

[0079] See Figure 4 The distributed temperature sensor group 102 is a thermistor set inside the metal lug of the negative electrode sampling line. The battery temperature is calculated by monitoring the resistance value of the thermistor.

[0080] A distributed temperature sensor array integrates a temperature sensor into the negative terminal sampling line of the battery to achieve terminal temperature sampling. A thermistor is placed inside the metal lug of the negative terminal sampling line and fixed with thermally conductive insulating glue. The heat of the battery terminal is conducted to the thermistor, achieving good insulation. By constantly monitoring the resistance value of the thermistor, the corresponding temperature value is calculated as the battery temperature.

[0081] The battery internal resistance measurement module 103 calculates the battery internal resistance by injecting a fixed-frequency AC current signal into the battery and measuring the fixed-frequency voltage across the battery terminals, the fixed-frequency current flowing through the battery, and the phase difference. The distributed temperature sensor group monitors the surface and terminal temperatures of the battery at sampling intervals not exceeding 30 seconds.

[0082] The online monitoring method for battery internal resistance employs the small-signal injection method. The AC injection method measures internal resistance by injecting a fixed-frequency AC current signal into the battery, measuring the fixed-frequency voltage across the battery terminals, the fixed-frequency current flowing through it, and the phase difference between them. This allows for the calculation of the battery's internal resistance. A four-wire internal resistance measurement circuit eliminates the influence of contact resistance on the measurement results.

[0083] The battery status monitoring module 104 is used to monitor the direction and magnitude of the battery current and determine the current working status of the battery, including the discharge, float charge and equalization charge states.

[0084] The battery status monitoring module monitors the current of the entire battery pack using a shunt or DC current transformer. A negative current indicates that the battery is discharging.

[0085] The battery current directly reflects the battery's current operating status and condition. By monitoring the direction and magnitude of the battery current, it is possible to determine whether the battery is currently discharging, floating, or equalizing, or whether the battery is operating normally.

[0086] In this embodiment of the invention, the dynamic grouping module includes:

[0087] The working group sorts the battery cells according to their health status based on real-time monitoring, and assigns the healthy battery cells to the working group.

[0088] The spare group is comprised of unhealthy battery cells.

[0089] The supplementary switching module is used to replace the battery cell with the highest health status in the backup group when a battery cell in the working group fails. The supplementary switching module is a high-frequency combination switch.

[0090] In this embodiment of the invention, the dynamic grouping module divides individual battery cells into working groups and standby groups based on their health status. Dynamic series-parallel grouping control of the battery cells is achieved through supplementary switching switches and switch controllers. Taking a quantity of 3 battery cells as an example, the connection lines between the battery cells are shown below. Figure 5 The battery cells are connected in series and parallel using the first switching switch a, the second switching switch b, the third switching switch c, and the fourth switching switch d, specifically as follows:

[0091] When three batteries B1, B2, and B3 are connected in parallel, a1, a2, and a3 are conductive, b1 and b2 are disconnected, c1, c2, and c3 are disconnected, and d1 and d2 are conductive.

[0092] When three batteries B1, B2, and B3 are connected in series, a1, a2, and a3 are conductive, b1 and b2 are conductive, c1, c2, and c3 are disconnected, and d1 and d2 are disconnected.

[0093] When three batteries B1, B2, and B3 are connected in parallel, if battery B2 malfunctions and needs to be disconnected, then...

[0094] a1 and a3 are on, a2 is off, b1 and b2 are off, c1, c2 and c3 are off, and d1 and d2 are on.

[0095] If battery B2 malfunctions and needs to be disconnected, and batteries 1 and 3 are connected in series, then a1, a2, and a3 will be conductive, b1 and b2 will be conductive, c1 and c3 will be disconnected, c2 will be conductive, and d1 and d2 will be disconnected.

[0096] In this embodiment of the invention, the State of Health (SOH) of a battery cell is a key indicator for measuring the degree of performance degradation of its current performance relative to its initial performance. This is determined by state parameters collected by a multi-parameter collaborative acquisition module, including:

[0097] 1) Capacity decay rate, the ratio of current actual capacity (Ah) to rated capacity; SOH_Capacity = (current actual capacity / initial rated capacity) × 100%;

[0098] Health thresholds: ≥80%: Healthy (applicable to power batteries); 70%~80%: Requires attention (can be downgraded); <70%: Failed (needs replacement);

[0099] 2) Rate of change of internal resistance; the increase in DC internal resistance (DCR) or AC internal resistance (ACR); SOH_Resistance = (initial internal resistance / current internal resistance) × 100%;

[0100] Health threshold: ≤150% Initial value: Normal (e.g., increasing from 10mΩ to 15mΩ), 150%: Significant performance degradation;

[0101] 3) Charge / discharge efficiency, energy efficiency: the ratio of energy output to input; η = (discharge energy / charge energy) × 100%;

[0102] Health threshold: ≥95% (lithium-ion battery); warning is required when <90%;

[0103] Cycle life, aging degree: number of completed cycles vs. design cycle count; SOH_Cycle = 1 - (number of completed cycles / design cycle count);

[0104] 4) Typical design life: Power battery: 1000~3000 cycles (80% capacity retention); Energy storage battery: 4000~6000 cycles;

[0105] 5) Voltage characteristics and consistency judgment: Static voltage difference: After being fully charged and left to stand still, the voltage difference between individual cells > 50mV requires a warning; Dynamic voltage drop: Under the same load, the voltage drop difference > 10% indicates aging.

[0106] 6) Temperature characteristic auxiliary indicators: Under the same operating conditions, a temperature rise of >20% compared to the initial value indicates aging. Local overheating (such as a temperature difference of >5℃ on the monomer surface) may indicate lithium plating or SEI film thickening.

[0107] 7) Self-discharge rate, leakage current index; 24-hour static voltage drop rate:

[0108] Health threshold: Lithium-ion batteries: <5% / month, >10% / month may indicate micro-short circuits.

[0109] Based on the health status of individual battery cells, the cells are divided into working groups and standby groups. When a battery cell in a working group fails, the faulty battery cell is removed by a supplementary switching module, and the battery cell with the highest health status in the standby group is added to the working group to ensure the number of working batteries in the working group and improve the reliability of power supply.

[0110] The supplementary switching module allows for free combination and switching of individual battery cells, enabling dynamic grouping and switching between working groups and standby groups. Each battery cell can be switched to either a working group or a standby group based on its health status and switching conditions, offering convenient control and high switching efficiency.

[0111] In this embodiment of the invention, the fault diagnosis module includes a fault feature library, which stores fault information, including fault type, judgment conditions and handling strategies. The fault type includes open circuit fault, internal short circuit and capacity attenuation fault.

[0112] The judgment criteria include:

[0113] Single-unit open-circuit fault: voltage ≤ 8V and internal resistance > 50mΩ;

[0114] Internal short circuit: The voltage drops by more than 30% within a preset time and the temperature rise rate is >3℃ / min;

[0115] Capacity decay: Internal resistance exceeds 120% of the nominal value and capacitance is less than 80%.

[0116] Accurate assessment of battery status relies on the coordinated analysis of three core parameters: voltage, internal resistance, and temperature. Voltage monitoring, as the most direct indicator of operating status, reflects the battery's immediate charging and discharging characteristics. When a battery experiences an open-circuit fault, the voltage will plummet to near zero potential (typically ≤8V), while an internal short circuit manifests as a voltage drop exceeding 30%, accompanied by an abnormal increase in current. Setting a voltage drop threshold aims to quickly identify potential short-circuit risks and prevent cascading heat accumulation caused by localized current overload. For example, if a single cell's voltage is detected to drop from 13.2V to 9.5V (a 28% decrease) within 10 seconds, the system determines that an internal short circuit is possible.

[0117] Internal resistance monitoring is a core method for assessing battery health (SOH). A sustained increase in internal resistance (e.g., exceeding 120% of the nominal value) is usually caused by aging issues such as electrolyte drying and plate corrosion, while a sudden, sharp increase in internal resistance (e.g., >50mΩ) is often related to physical faults such as loose connections or internal fractures. For example, if a battery's internal resistance suddenly increases from 15mΩ to 80mΩ during operation, the system will combine this with voltage data to determine that the terminals are loose. Such faults, if not isolated promptly, can lead to arcing or even fire.

[0118] Temperature monitoring focuses on early warning of thermal runaway risks. When a battery experiences an internal short circuit or overcharge, the local temperature rise rate can reach over 5°C / min. Temperatures exceeding 50°C may trigger diaphragm decomposition and release flammable gases. By deploying multi-channel temperature sensors, the system can capture abnormal temperature rises in real time. For example, if the temperature of a single battery cell rises from 35°C to 52°C within 3 minutes, this phenomenon will be identified as a precursor to thermal runaway, triggering the highest level of response.

[0119] Based on the above parameters, the system implements differentiated handling strategies as shown in Table 1 below:

[0120] Table 1

[0121] Exception types Judgment conditions Principles of Disposal Measures Design Single-unit open circuit Voltage ≤ 8V + Internal Resistance > 50mΩ Emergency Exit: Prevents system current distribution imbalance due to single-point faults. Internal short circuit Voltage drop of 30% or more, temperature rise of >3℃ / min Immediate isolation: Disconnect the faulty unit to prevent high temperatures from causing a fire. Capacity decay Internal resistance > 120% + Capacitance < 80% Planned exit: Allow for replacement within 72 hours to avoid insufficient redundancy.

[0122] See Figure 6 The handling strategies in this embodiment of the invention include:

[0123] Emergency exit unit 301, in response to the determination of single cell open circuit or internal short circuit, cuts off the faulty battery circuit within ≤10ms;

[0124] The planned exit unit 302 generates a maintenance instruction to replace the unit within 72 hours in response to a capacity degradation determination.

[0125] The dynamic current sharing compensation unit 303 redistributes the load of the remaining batteries after the faulty battery is removed.

[0126] In parallel battery bank architecture, the inherent redundant topology design of the system completely decouples the shutdown operation of a single cell from the stability of the bus voltage. When the multi-modal sensing system (coordinated analysis of voltage, internal resistance, and temperature) determines that a single cell has fault characteristics, the system initiates a lossless shutdown through hierarchical control logic.

[0127] The intelligent power switch is based on the zero-potential-difference switching principle. The output current of a faulty battery is 0, and the physical isolation between the faulty branch and the bus is completed within ≤10ms. The bidirectional DC / DC compensation module 312 dynamically redistributes the current gap of the disconnected branch. The load after disconnection is automatically taken over by the remaining healthy batteries. The entire mechanism is deeply integrated into the existing automation architecture of the substation, realizing seamless connection between dynamic reconfiguration of the battery bank topology and power quality.

[0128] In the emergency exit unit 301, the determination of an internal short circuit further includes:

[0129] A level 2 alarm is triggered when the individual cell voltage is detected to drop from 13.2V to 9.5V within 10 seconds;

[0130] When the accompanying temperature rise rate is ≥5℃ / min, the alarm is upgraded to Level 1 and the fire suppression linkage is activated.

[0131] In this embodiment of the invention, in the battery voltage acquisition module, each battery cell voltage acquisition module uses a 16-bit ADC converter for voltage conversion to ensure that the battery voltage acquisition error is less than ±0.5%; the acquired voltage signal is transmitted through an isolation module.

[0132] Example 2

[0133] See Figure 7 The present invention also provides a method for sensing and handling battery status based on dynamic health grouping, comprising:

[0134] Step S1: Monitor the battery's float charge current, equalization charge current, battery internal resistance, battery voltage, and battery temperature information through the multi-parameter collaborative monitoring module to comprehensively perceive the health status of individual battery cells.

[0135] Step S2: Based on the real-time monitored health status of individual battery cells, dynamically group the battery cells according to their health status.

[0136] Step S3: Group and coordinate the response to individual battery cell faults to determine the fault information of the individual battery cells;

[0137] Step S3: Trigger differentiated handling measures based on the fault information.

[0138] In step S2, the battery cells are dynamically grouped by health status based on real-time monitoring; specifically including:

[0139] Based on the real-time monitoring of the health status of individual battery cells, the battery cells are sorted according to their health status. Healthy battery cells are assigned to the working group, while unhealthy battery cells are assigned to the standby group.

[0140] When a battery cell in the working group fails, the battery cell with the highest health status in the standby group is added to the working group; the supplementary switching module is a high-frequency combination switch.

[0141] This invention classifies batteries with similar health status into the same working group based on real-time monitoring of individual cell health status, and assigns unhealthy batteries to the standby group; when a cell fails in a group, the cell with the highest health status in the standby group is automatically added to the working group to achieve "self-balancing within the group"; the connection between the batteries in each group is controlled by a high-frequency switch to achieve free combination control, and the system sends commands to control the closing and opening of the high-frequency switch to achieve free grouping of the battery packs.

[0142] The fault handling module of this invention can be extended to group coordinated response for individual battery cell faults: when more than 30% of cells in a group experience slight capacity decay but do not reach the exit threshold, group equalization charging is triggered instead of traditional global equalization charging. Through independent charging and discharging control within the group, the overcharging effect on healthy groups is avoided.

[0143] This invention uses multi-parameter collaborative modeling to analyze the time-series correlation between float / equalizing charge current and internal resistance, which can identify abnormal current shunting caused by micro-short circuits. It integrates historical data and typical fault modes through a dynamic fault feature library, such as sudden temperature rise + voltage fluctuation = loose connection, to improve diagnostic accuracy. It adopts a graded handling closed loop to handle open circuits, short circuits and capacity decay, forming a "monitoring-diagnosis-handling" closed loop.

[0144] See Figure 8 In step S4, differentiated handling measures are triggered based on the fault information, specifically including:

[0145] Step S41: Monitor the voltage, internal resistance, and temperature parameters of each individual cell in real time;

[0146] Step S42: When the detected voltage is ≤8V and the internal resistance is >50mΩ, it is determined to be an open circuit fault, and the emergency exit procedure is initiated;

[0147] Step S43: Disconnect the faulty branch in a zero-current state using the intelligent power switch group;

[0148] Step S44: Use a bidirectional DC / DC module to compensate for the current gap in the exit branch and achieve dynamic current sharing.

[0149] The detection of the zero-current state in step S33 includes:

[0150] The current was detected to be <0.1A three times consecutively within a preset 10ms time window;

[0151] Verify that the voltage difference across the faulty battery is less than 0.5V.

[0152] The various variations and specific examples of the battery status sensing and handling device based on dynamic health grouping in the foregoing embodiments are also applicable to the battery status sensing and handling method based on dynamic health grouping in this embodiment. Through the foregoing detailed description of the battery status sensing and handling device based on dynamic health grouping, those skilled in the art can clearly understand the battery status sensing and handling method based on dynamic health grouping in this embodiment. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0153] Furthermore, although the operations of the method of the present invention are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in that specific order, or that all the operations shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be broken down into multiple steps.

[0154] It should also be noted that in the apparatus of the present invention, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or recombined. These disassemblies and / or recombinations should be considered equivalents of the present invention. The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be carried out within the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0155] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one unique embodiment. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A battery state awareness and disposition system based on dynamic grouping by health, characterized in that, The application relates to a battery state monitoring and fault diagnosis system. The system comprises: a multi-parameter cooperative monitoring module which comprehensively perceives battery state information through float current, equalizing current, battery internal resistance, battery voltage and battery temperature information; a dynamic grouping module which dynamically groups battery monomers according to real-time monitored battery monomer health states; a fault diagnosis module which groups and cooperatively responds to battery monomer faults and judges battery monomer fault information; 2. The health-based dynamic grouping, state-aware, and disposal system of claim 1, wherein, a fault disposal module which triggers differential disposal measures according to fault information. The multi-parameter cooperative monitoring module comprises: a battery voltage acquisition module which comprises a plurality of battery monomer voltage acquirers, acquires battery monomer voltage through a two-wire system and connects the positive pole and the negative pole of each battery monomer with one sampling line respectively; a distributed temperature sensor group which is provided with a thermistor in the metal wire ear of the negative pole sampling line and calculates the battery temperature by monitoring the resistance value of the thermistor; a battery internal resistance measurement module which injects a fixed frequency alternating current signal into the battery, calculates the battery internal resistance according to the fixed frequency voltage between the battery and the fixed frequency current flowing through the battery and the phase difference; 3. The health-based dynamic grouping, state-aware, and disposal system of claim 2, wherein, a battery state monitoring module which is used for monitoring the direction and size of the battery current and judging the current working state of the battery, wherein the working state comprises a discharging state, a float charging state and an equalizing charging state.

4. The health-based dynamic grouping, state-aware, and disposal system of claim 1, wherein, In the battery voltage acquisition module, each battery monomer voltage acquisition module adopts a 16-bit ADC converter for voltage conversion, so that the battery voltage acquisition error is less than plus or minus 0.5%; and the acquired voltage signal is transmitted through an isolation module. The dynamic grouping module comprises: a working group which sorts the battery monomers according to the real-time monitored battery monomer health states, divides the battery monomers in a healthy state into the working group; a standby group which divides the unhealthy battery monomers into the standby group; 5. The health-based dynamic grouping, state-aware, and disposal system of claim 1, wherein, a supplementary switching module which supplements the battery monomer with the highest health degree in the standby group to the working group when the battery monomer in the working group appears a fault; and the supplementary switching module is a high-frequency combination switch. The fault diagnosis module comprises a fault feature library, the fault feature library stores fault information, the fault information comprises a fault type, a judgment condition and a disposal strategy, wherein the fault type comprises an open circuit fault, an internal short circuit and a capacity attenuation fault; the judgment condition comprises: a monomer open circuit fault: voltage is less than or equal to 8V and internal resistance is greater than 50mOmega; an internal short circuit: voltage drops by more than 30% within a preset time and temperature rise rate is greater than 3 DEG C / min; capacity attenuation: internal resistance is more than 120% of the nominal value and capacity is less than 80%; the disposal strategy comprises: an emergency exit unit which, in response to a monomer open circuit or an internal short circuit judgment, cuts off the fault battery loop within 10ms; a planned exit unit which, in response to a capacity attenuation judgment, generates a maintenance instruction for replacement within 72 hours; 6. The health-based dynamic grouping, state-aware, and disposal system of claim 5, wherein, a dynamic current equalization compensation unit which, after the fault battery is exited, reallocates the load to the remaining batteries. The judgment of the internal short circuit further comprises: when it is detected that the monomer voltage drops from 13.2V to 9.5V within 10s, a secondary alarm is triggered. When the temperature rise rate is greater than or equal to 5°C / min, the first-level alarm is upgraded and the fire extinguishing linkage is started.

7. A method for state-awareness and handling of a battery based on dynamic grouping of health, characterized in that, The battery state awareness and disposal system based on health degree dynamic grouping according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising: Step S1: monitoring the float charging current, uniform charging current, battery internal resistance, battery voltage, battery temperature information of the battery through the multi-parameter cooperative monitoring module, comprehensively sensing the battery state information; Step S2, according to the real-time monitoring of the battery monomer health state, the battery monomer is dynamically grouped according to the health degree; Step S3, grouping cooperative response to battery monomer failure, judging the fault information of the battery monomer; Step S4: triggering differentiated disposal measures according to the fault information.

8. The health-based dynamic grouping, state-aware, and disposal method of claim 7, wherein, According to the real-time monitoring of the battery monomer health state, the battery monomer is dynamically grouped according to the health degree; Specifically including: According to the real-time monitoring of the battery monomer health state, the battery monomer is sorted according to the health degree, and the battery monomer in good health is divided into a working group; Unhealthy battery monomers are divided into a standby group; When the battery monomer in the working group fails, the battery monomer with the highest health degree in the standby group is supplemented to the working group; The supplement switching module is a high-frequency combination switch.

9. The health-based dynamic grouping, state-aware, and disposal method of claim 8, wherein, According to the fault information triggering differentiated disposal measures, specifically including: Step S41: real-time monitoring of the voltage, internal resistance and temperature parameters of each monomer battery; Step S42: when the voltage is less than or equal to 8V and the internal resistance is greater than 50mΩ, it is determined as an open circuit fault, and an emergency exit program is started; Step S43: disconnecting the fault branch in a zero-current state through an intelligent power switch group; Step S44: using a bidirectional DC / DC module to compensate the current gap of the exit branch, realizing dynamic current sharing.

10. The health-based dynamic grouping, state-aware, and disposal method of claim 9, wherein, The detection of the zero-current state in step S43 includes: Detecting the current <0.1A for 3 times continuously in a preset 10ms time window; Verify that the voltage difference across the fault battery is less than 0.5V.

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