Lens structure, display module and display device

Abstract

The invention provides a lens structure, a display module and a display device, and relates to the technical field of three-dimensional display. The lens structure includes: a first lens layer or a second lens layer; the first lens layer comprises a plurality of first lens units, each first lens unit is of a trapezoidal structure, and the sectional area of the light emitting side of each first lens unit is smaller than that of the light incident side of each first lens unit; the second lens layer comprises a plurality of second lens units, each second lens unit comprises a second area and a third area which are located on the two sides of the first area, the second area and the third area are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the first area, and the second area and the third area form a triangular zigzag structure. According to the scheme, the sawtooth feeling of a picture in a two-dimensional display mode can be effectively weakened, and the comfort of stereoscopic vision in a three-dimensional display mode is kept.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of three-dimensional display, in particular to a lens structure, a display module and a display device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the naked eye three-dimensional (3D) display implementation, a lenticular lens grating film is often used as a light guide device. The lenticular lens grating film has the advantages of minimizing light loss and low cost. However, it has the disadvantage of being unable to switch between two-dimensional (2D) display mode and 3D display mode. Therefore, in the 2D mode, the picture will exhibit a sawtooth effect caused by the lenticular lens grating cutting and the lens distorting the pixels.

[0003] In the prior art, the basic structure of a lenticular lens array is formed by a series of lenticular lens units with equal focal length and width arranged in sequence. Usually, such a lenticular lens array needs to be engraved with a corresponding structure shape on a metal mold through precise machining means, and then be made by embossing the filling material. The pitch of the width of each lens corresponds to at least two light-emitting pixel units on the display panel. The pixel array is located on the focal plane of the lens array, and the lens is attached to the substrate. This structure of the prior art has low cost, simple structure, and can maintain the brightness of the light emitted by the pixels, so it is widely used. However, the biggest problem of this structure is that it cannot realize the compatibility of 2D display mode and 3D display mode. Therefore, in the 2D picture, the lens 001 cannot be closed and still modulates the light emitted by the pixel array. In the 2D picture, fine text information is often displayed, so the sawtooth phenomenon caused by the action of the lens array 003 will be seen.

[0004] As shown in FIG. 1, Figure 1 the left drawing of FIG. 1 shows that in the absence of a lens array, the 2D picture is formed by densely arranging the pixel array horizontally and vertically, without the sawtooth phenomenon. However, under the action of the lens array 003, virtual pixels perpendicular to the extension direction of the lens 001 will be formed, as shown by the dashed line in the right drawing of FIG. 1. The human eye observes the display screen through the lens array 003, and actually sees the virtual pixel array, which is jagged. Therefore, how to suppress this sawtooth effect while maintaining the original light guiding characteristics of the lens array is the problem to be solved by the present application. Figure 1 SUMMARY Figure 1 The purpose of the present application is to provide a lens structure, a display module and a display device to solve the problem of the sawtooth effect of the lens array in the prior art between two-dimensional display and three-dimensional display.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a lens structure, comprising:

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a lens structure, comprising: ​

[0007] the first lens layer or the second lens layer;

[0008] the first lens layer comprises a plurality of first lens units, the first lens units are formed in a trapezoidal structure, and a cross-sectional area of an out-light side of the first lens units is smaller than a cross-sectional area of an in-light side of the first lens units;

[0009] the second lens layer comprises a plurality of second lens units, the second lens units comprise a second region and a third region located on both sides of the first region, the second region and the third region are symmetrically arranged along a central axis of the first region, and the second region and the third region are formed in a triangular sawtooth structure.

[0010] Optionally, the first lens layer further comprises:

[0011] a first base material, the first base material fills junctions between the plurality of first lens units and the first lens units at both ends to form a first lens layer with a rectangular cross section, and a refractive index of the first base material is smaller than a refractive index of the first lens units.

[0012] Optionally, the second lens layer further comprises:

[0013] a second base material, the second base material fills the first region, and fills adjacent regions of the second region and the third region to form a second lens layer with a rectangular cross section, and a refractive index of the second base material is smaller than a refractive index of the second region and the third region.

[0014] Optionally, the second region and the third region each comprise a plurality of triangular lens units, the plurality of triangular lens units are arranged adjacently to form the triangular sawtooth structure, and an in-light side of the triangular sawtooth structure is a plane.

[0015] Optionally, the number of the triangular lens units in the second region is equal to the number of the triangular lens units in the third region.

[0016] Optionally, the first base material is a transparent plastic material.

[0017] Optionally, the second base material is a transparent plastic material.

[0018] To achieve the above object, in a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a display module, comprising a display panel, and further comprising: a lens structure as described above, wherein the display panel is located at an in-light side of the lens structure.

[0019] Optionally, one lens unit of the lens structure corresponds to at least one pixel unit of the display panel.

[0020] To achieve the above object, in a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a display device comprising the display module as described above.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions of the present application are as follows:

[0022] The lens structure, the display module and the display device provided by the embodiments of the present application, the lens structure comprises: a first lens layer or a second lens layer; the first lens layer comprises a plurality of first lens units, the first lens unit is formed into a trapezoidal structure, and the cross-sectional area of the light-out side of the second lens unit is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the light-in side of the second lens unit; the second lens layer comprises a plurality of second lens units, the second lens unit comprises a second region and a third region located on both sides of the first region, the second region and the third region are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the first region, and the second region and the third region are formed into a triangular sawtooth structure, the first lens layer or the second lens layer can effectively weaken the sawtooth feeling of the picture in the two-dimensional display mode, and the comfort of the stereoscopic vision in the three-dimensional display mode is maintained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the principle of causing the picture sawtooth feeling for the standard lens array in the prior art;

[0024] Figure 2 A structure diagram of the lens structure provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 A structure diagram of the lens structure provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the principle of weakening the sawtooth feeling for the first lens layer provided by the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 A structure diagram of the first lens layer provided by the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 A structure diagram of the display module provided by the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure principle of reducing the sawtooth effect for the display module provided by the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure principle of reducing the sawtooth effect for the display module provided by the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present application more clear, the following will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] It should be understood that the reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described is included in at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, appearances of "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, various particular features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0033] The term "and / or" used in the embodiments of the present application describes an association relationship of associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after it.

[0034] The term "multiple" in the embodiments of the present application means two or more, and other quantifiers are similar.

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in the embodiments of the present application in combination with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] Referring to Figure 1 The lens structure provided by the embodiments of the present application includes:

[0037] The first lens layer 1 or the second lens layer 2;

[0038] The first lens layer 1 includes a plurality of first lens units 11, the first lens units 11 are formed in a trapezoidal structure, and the cross-sectional area of the light-out side of the first lens units 11 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the light-in side of the first lens units 11;

[0039] The second lens layer 2 includes a plurality of second lens units 21, the second lens units include a second region and a third region located on both sides of the first region, the second region and the third region are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the first region, and the second region and the third region are formed in a triangular sawtooth structure.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present application, the lens structure can include Figure 2 The lens structure shown in Figure 3 The lens structure shown in Figure 3 The lens structure shown in Figure 2 The lens structure shown in Figure 2The first lens layer 1 shown includes a plurality of connected first lens units 11, which are trapezoidal structures with the upper base smaller than the lower base, the upper base being on the light-out side B and the lower base being on the light-in side A, i.e. the cross-sectional area of the light-out side of the first lens unit 11 is smaller than that of the light-in side.

[0041] As shown in the drawings, Figure 3 The second lens layer 2 shown includes a plurality of second lens units 21, which include three regions, i.e. a first region 211, a second region 212 and a third region 213, the second region 212 and the third region 213 being respectively on both sides of the central axis of the first region 211 and symmetrically distributed; the second region 212 and the third region 213 are in the shape of a triangular sawtooth structure; the first region 211 is filled only by the base material, so that the first region 211, the second region 212 and the third region 213 are connected. In particular, the second region 212 and the third region 213 are arranged on a base material, and the first region is a part of the base material, i.e. the second lens unit 21 only includes the second region 212 and the third region 213 as lens structures.

[0042] The present application adopts Figure 2 a trapezoidal lens structure, i.e. the first lens layer 1 is used to eliminate the sawtooth effect of a 2D display picture. Further, the trapezoidal lens can be differentiated to obtain Figure 3 a differentiated trapezoidal lens shown, which can obtain a better sawtooth elimination effect by using the second lens layer 2.

[0043] Alternatively, the distance from the first lens layer 1, i.e. the trapezoidal lens array, of the present application to the pixel units of the display panel of the display module should be as close as possible to the parallel light-out state after the light emitted by the pixels passes through the first lens layer 1, but since the first lens layer 1 does not have a so-called focal plane. Therefore, determining this distance needs a basis. The present application adopts the following rules when designing the trapezoidal lens of the first lens layer 1:

[0044] (1) First, design the parameters of the required standard cylindrical lens array, and place the pixel array of the display panel 3 of the display module on the focal plane of the standard cylindrical lens array. Here, the standard cylindrical lens array includes a circular arc surface protruding towards the light-out side of the standard cylindrical lens array;

[0045] (2) Then calculate the largest area of the inscribed trapezoid of the circular arc of the standard cylindrical lens unit, and take this trapezoid as the structural basis of the trapezoidal lens.

[0046] The present application uses the largest area of the inscribed trapezoid to ensure that the obtained trapezoidal structure is closest to the original circular arc of the standard lens, and can maximize the restoration of the light guide effect of the standard cylindrical lens. After changing the standard cylindrical lens to a trapezoidal cylindrical lens, referring to the modulation state of the picture in the 2D display state, it can be referred to Figure 4 .

[0047] As shown in Figure 4 , under the action of the trapezoidal lens array, that is, the first lens layer 1, a virtual pixel perpendicular to the extension direction of the cylindrical lens will also be formed, as shown by the dashed line in the right graph of Figure 4 . However, since the trapezoid divides the original standard lens circular arc into three parts, when the human eye observes the display screen through the lens array, the actual sawtooth of the virtual pixel array will be cut into smaller parts and will be less likely to be perceived.

[0048] Continuing to refer to Figure 2 , the first lens layer 1 of the present application further comprises:

[0049] a first base material 12, which fills the connections between the plurality of first lens units 11 and the first lens units 11 at both ends, forming a first lens layer 1 with a rectangular cross section; the refractive index of the first base material 12 is less than the refractive index of the first lens unit 11.

[0050] In the present application, in order to facilitate application in actual products, the connections between the plurality of first lens units 11 and the first lens units 11 at both ends are filled by the first base material 12, so as to form a first lens layer 1 with a rectangular cross section, and a flat lens film without grooves can be obtained, wherein the refractive index of the material of the first base material 12 is less than the refractive index of the material of the first lens unit 11 itself, which can ensure the effectiveness of the lens structure. Here, the difference between the two refractive indices is the true equivalent refractive index of the final first lens layer 1.

[0051] Optionally, the first base material is a transparent plastic material.

[0052] The transparent plastic material of the present application is a material that can solidify from a liquid state to a solid state. The lens plastic material of the present application preferably uses UV material. UV material refers to a material that has been treated by ultraviolet light (UV) curing. This process involves using ultraviolet light curing paint (UV paint) to coat the surface of the material to form a protective film.

[0053] Optionally, referring to Figure 3 , the second lens layer 2 of the present application further comprises:

[0054] The second substrate 22 fills the first region 211 and the adjacent regions of the second region 212 and the third region 213 to form a rectangular second lens layer 2; the refractive index of the second substrate 22 is less than the refractive index of the second region 212 and the third region 213.

[0055] Optionally, the second region and the third region each include a plurality of triangular lens units 23, which are arranged adjacently to form the triangular sawtooth structure; the light-incident side of the triangular sawtooth structure is a plane.

[0056] In this embodiment of the application, for ease of application in actual products, reference is made to... Figure 3 As shown, the first region 211, the non-lens portion at the connection between two adjacent second lens layers 2, the non-lens portion at the connection between multiple triangular lens units 23 in the second region 212 of the same second lens layer 2, the non-lens portion at the connection between multiple triangular lens units 23 in the third region 213 of the same second lens layer 2, and multiple first regions 211 are all filled with the second substrate 22. The refractive index of the second substrate 22 is N1, and the refractive index of the triangular lens unit 23 is N2; N1 must be less than N2. This application, by filling with the second substrate 22, obtains a smooth lens film without grooves on the surface, and also ensures the effectiveness of the lens structure.

[0057] Optionally, the second substrate 22 is a transparent and malleable material.

[0058] The transparent malleable material of this application is a material that needs to solidify from a liquid state to a solid state. The lens malleable material of this application is preferably a UV material. A UV material refers to a material that has undergone ultraviolet (UV) curing treatment, which involves applying a UV-curing varnish (UV paint) to the surface of the material to form a protective film.

[0059] Alternatively, this application can utilize Figure 2 The first lens unit 11 is micro-differentiated to obtain Figure 3 The structure of the second lens unit 21. Specifically, as shown in... Figure 5 As shown on the left, the first lens unit 11 of this application includes an upper base 111 (the upper base is smaller than the lower base of the trapezoidal structure), a first waist 112, and a second waist 113. First, the first waist 112 and the second waist 113 are divided equally, and the number of equal parts in the two parts is consistent. In this way, the number of triangular lens units 23 in the second region 212 and the third region 213 is equal.

[0060] The first waist 112 and the second waist 113 are divided into equal parts, and the slope of the waists is maintained as they descend towards the bottom to form triangular lens units 23. Multiple triangular lens units 23 form a triangular array, and excess material is removed. The upper bottom edge 111 is then descended towards the lower bottom edge, and the material in the middle part is removed. Through the above design, the following can be obtained: Figure 5 The second lens unit 21 is shown on the right.

[0061] This application, after the above process, yields the following result: Figure 5 The right side shows a micro-differentiated trapezoidal lens, namely the second lens unit 21. Then, the micro-differentiated trapezoidal lenses are arranged into an array to obtain a micro-differentiated trapezoidal lens array. According to the principle of reducing image jaggedness by trapezoidal lenses as analyzed above, this micro-differentiated structure can better reduce the jaggedness effect. Moreover, the micro-differentiation process keeps the slope of each surface of the trapezoidal lens for light refraction unchanged, so it can also basically guarantee the light guiding capability similar to the original trapezoidal lens.

[0062] In summary, the lens structure of this application, for ease of application in actual products, often requires filling the portion of the lens array in contact with air to obtain a flat, groove-free structure. The lens gaps are also filled with UV material to achieve a flat, groove-free lens structure. This lens structure is used to eliminate the jagged edges of 2D display images. The trapezoidal structure of the first lens unit is the inscribed trapezoid of the maximum area of ​​the arc corresponding to the standard lens. Furthermore, the trapezoidal lens can be miniaturized to obtain a miniaturized trapezoidal lens, which can achieve even better anti-aliasing effects. Additionally, to ensure a smooth structure without grooves in product applications, a lower refractive index material can be used for filling.

[0063] Reference Figure 6 As shown, this application also provides a display module, including a display panel, and further including: a lens structure as described above, wherein the display panel is located on the light-incident side of the lens structure.

[0064] In this embodiment of the application, the lens structure adopts... Figure 2 The first lens layer 1 has a trapezoidal structure. Below the first lens layer 1, a third substrate 4 is disposed, and below the third substrate, a display panel 3 is disposed. Therefore, the first lens layer 1, the third substrate 4, and the display panel 3 can be stacked. Alternatively, a second lens layer 2 can be used to replace the first lens layer 1, and it can be stacked with the third substrate 4 and the display panel 3 to obtain a display module.

[0065] Optionally, one lens unit of the lens structure corresponds to at least one pixel unit of the display panel.

[0066] Reference Figure 7The display module, the pitch of the width of the light entrance side of the first lens unit 11 of the first lens layer 1 of the application corresponds to two half pixel units in the display panel 3, and it can be seen that the lens unit and the pixel unit are not integer corresponding. By emitting light to the two waist sides of the trapezoidal structure of the first lens unit 11 by the same light source, that is, using a point A on the plane of the pixel unit to form two virtual image points A1 and A2 through the two sides of the trapezoidal lens, which is equivalent to blurring A. After all the light emitted by the pixels is modulated in this way, it is equivalent to blurring the entire screen by low-pass filtering. In this way, the jagged effect is reduced.

[0067] Referring to Figure 8 The display module, the second lens layer 2 of the application reduces the jagged effect by using the lens units of the second area 212 and the third area 213. Specifically, by using a point A on the plane of the pixel unit in the display panel 3, the differential trapezoidal lens (second lens unit) will form four virtual image points A1, A2, A3 and A4, which is equivalent to blurring A more strongly. After all the light emitted by the pixels is modulated in this way, it is equivalent to blurring the entire screen by a stronger low-pass filter. In this way, the jagged effect is more effectively reduced.

[0068] In fact, the essence of the trapezoidal lens and the differential trapezoidal lens, that is, the first lens layer and the second lens layer to reduce the jagged effect is to form a low-pass filter blurring effect on the pixel light emitting point. The sharp jaggedness formed by the original traditional lens becomes smooth.

[0069] The above-mentioned implementation examples of the lens structure are applicable to the implementation examples of the display module, and the same technical effects can be achieved.

[0070] The application also provides a display device, which comprises the display module as described above.

[0071] The above-mentioned implementation examples of the display module are applicable to the implementation examples of the display device, and the same technical effects can be achieved. To avoid repetition, they will not be described here.

[0072] The foregoing exemplary embodiments are described with reference made to the drawings which are provided for the purpose of explanation and illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. Indeed, various modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the application can become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification, and it is to be understood that such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the application. Further, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and explanation and are not intended to be limiting. The use of "including" and "comprising" and variations thereof is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items and equivalents thereof. Unless otherwise specified, a range of values includes the beginning and end points of the range and any sub-ranges therebetween.

[0073] The above description is considered that of the preferred embodiments of the application only. Modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading the preceding description and it is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A lens structure, characterized by, Comprising: a first lens layer or a second lens layer; the first lens layer comprises a plurality of first lens units, the first lens units are formed in a trapezoidal structure, and the cross-sectional area of the light-out side of the first lens units is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the light-in side of the first lens units; the second lens layer comprises a plurality of second lens units, the second lens units comprise a second region and a third region located on both sides of the first region, the second region and the third region are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the first region, and the second region and the third region are formed in a triangular sawtooth structure.

2. The lens structure of claim 1, wherein The first lens layer further comprises: a first base material, the first base material fills the junction between a plurality of the first lens units and the first lens units at both ends, forming a first lens layer with a rectangular cross section; the refractive index of the first base material is less than the refractive index of the first lens units.

3. The lens structure of claim 1, wherein The second lens layer further comprises: a second base material, the second base material fills the first region, and fills the adjacent regions of the second region and the third region, forming a rectangular second lens layer; the refractive index of the second base material is less than the refractive index of the second region and the third region.

4. The lens structure of claim 1, wherein The second region and the third region each comprise a plurality of triangular lens units, a plurality of triangular lens units are arranged adjacent to each other to form the triangular sawtooth structure; the light-in side of the triangular sawtooth structure is a plane.

5. The lens structure of claim 4, wherein, The number of triangular lens units in the second region and the third region is equal.

6. The lens structure of claim 2, wherein The first base material is a transparent plastic material.

7. The lens structure of claim 3, wherein The second base material is a transparent plastic material.

8. A display module comprising a display panel, characterized by Further comprising: The lens structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the display panel is located on the light-in side of the lens structure.

9. The display module of claim 8, wherein, One lens unit of the lens structure corresponds to at least one pixel unit of the display panel.

10. A display device, characterized by comprising: The display module according to any one of claims 8 to 9.

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