Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and electrolytic cell with ion exchange membrane, cell stack and manufacturing method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly (100). A membrane electrode assembly (100) includes: a catalyst coated membrane (CCM) member (110) having a polymer membrane (111) at least partially coated with a catalyst coating layer (112, 113); a frame member (140); two fluid distribution layers (121, 122) and an adhesive layer (150). The CCM member (110), the adhesive layer (150), and the frame (140) are stacked in a stacking direction (SD). A fluid distribution layer (121, 122) arranged on the same membrane side (S1, S2) as the frame (140) is located laterally inside the inner edge of the frame (140) such that the fluid distribution layer (121, 122) covers the adhesive layer (150) and the CCM member (110). The adhesive layer (150) forms an adhesive bond between the CCM member (110), the frame (140), and the fluid distribution layers (121, 122). The frame (140) extends from the adhesive layer (150) beyond the fluid distribution layer (121, 122) in the stacking direction (SD).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for stackable cells used in fuel cell and / or electrolysis processes. The MEA includes a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM), a fluid distribution layer, and components enclosing the CCM. The invention also relates to a solid polymer electrolyte stack and a method for manufacturing the MEA. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cells and electrolyzers are playing a crucial role in the transition to emission-free energy generation and storage. Among existing fuel cell and electrolyzer technologies, proton exchange membrane (PEM) cells and anion exchange membrane (AEM) cells are considered viable options for industrial applications. Both PEM and AEM cells utilize semi-permeable membranes made of solid polymers, designed to conduct ions, such as cations (typically protons, H+), into the atmosphere. + ) or anion (usually hydroxide ion, OH-) - At the same time, it separates the reactants on both sides of the membrane and electrically isolates the adjacent catalyst layers.

[0003] The battery is based on a membrane electrode assembly, which is generally composed of stacked components such as a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM), a frame, and two porous transport layers (PTLs), each disposed on one side of the CCM. Typically, in this arrangement, the components are interconnected at a junction area along the outer periphery of the CCM.

[0004] To optimize the reliability, durability, efficiency, and manufacturing complexity of the MEA, the inventors developed an MEA design in which the PTL, located on the same side of the CCM and frame, is placed within the active area of ​​the CCM enclosed by the frame. This ensures a good connection between the CCM and the PTL because it avoids the need for the PTL to bend to bridge the height difference between the peripheral engagement area and the active area.

[0005] However, integrating MEAs with this design into commonly used battery infrastructure presents several technical challenges. In particular, during operation, known batteries are typically compressed in a region along their outer periphery to ensure good and robust connections between the components and fluid tightness.

[0006] However, in this design, the outer perimeter joint area is not necessarily the thickest part of the MEA. For example, the PTL thickness on the same side as the frame may exceed that of the frame. Therefore, without providing additional components (such as seals or gaskets) along the outer perimeter, compression of the joint area cannot be guaranteed. However, to avoid areas where fluid can flow around the active region, additional components must be precisely aligned with the overall assembly and meet stringent manufacturing requirements. This increases the complexity and cost of the MEA and its manufacturing. The reliability and durability of the MEA are also more difficult to ensure. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the aforementioned disadvantages. In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a design for a membrane electrode assembly that reduces or eliminates the additional components required to ensure adequate compression and fluid tightness of the mating region.

[0008] The above technical problems are solved by the membrane electrode assembly of claim 1, the solid polymer electrolyte battery stack of claim 12, and the membrane electrode assembly manufacturing method of claim 13.

[0009] Other advantages and features of the present invention are derived from the dependent claims, the specification, and the drawings. The features and details described with respect to the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention naturally also apply to the solid polymer electrolyte battery stack of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention, and vice versa. Therefore, reference is made to each other or to each other in the disclosure of various aspects of the present invention.

[0010] A first aspect of the invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly for a stackable cell in a fuel cell process and / or a stacked cell for electrolysis. The membrane electrode assembly includes a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) member forming an electrochemically active core unit of the membrane electrode assembly. The CCM member includes a polymer membrane forming a solid electrolyte for ion exchange between its two opposing membrane sides. The CCM member also includes one or more catalyst coatings, each capable of accepting electrons and at least partially applied to one of the membrane sides. Each membrane side forms an electrode for conducting electrons associated with ion exchange at the polymer membrane. The membrane electrode assembly also includes a frame for enclosing the CCM member. The frame is disposed on one of the membrane sides and includes a frame overlap section overlapping a peripheral region of the CCM member. The membrane electrode assembly includes two fluid distribution layers. Each fluid distribution layer is disposed on one of the membrane sides, and each fluid distribution layer forms a diffuser structure for surface distribution and / or collection of fluid process flows on its respective membrane side. The membrane electrode assembly also includes an adhesive layer disposed on the same membrane side as the frame. The CCM member, adhesive layer, and frame are stacked in this order in a stacking direction. The adhesive layer includes an adhesive overlap section that overlaps with the peripheral area and the frame overlap section. The adhesive overlap section forms an adhesive bond between the CCM component and at least the frame member, and extends laterally inward relative to the peripheral area, beyond the frame overlap section, to define the process area of ​​the CCM component. Additionally, a fluid distribution layer disposed on the same membrane side as the frame member, laterally located outside the frame overlap section, is disposed on the adhesive overlap section and the process area. At least at the frame overlap section, the frame member extends at least partially beyond this fluid distribution layer from the adhesive layer along the stacking direction.

[0011] In other words, the present invention provides a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for use in fuel cell processes and / or electrolysis processes. For example, the MEA can be used in a fuel cell or electrolyzer. For example, the electrolyzer can be configured for water electrolysis. It is also conceivable that the battery can be a regenerative fuel cell.

[0012] MEAs comprise CCM components with polymer membranes for ion exchange between their two opposing membrane sides. Here, the term "ion" can be understood as an atom or molecule carrying a positive or negative charge. For example, an ion can be a cation (such as a proton, H+) or an anion (such as hydroxide, OH-). The polymer membrane is permeable to ions and can form a barrier to certain substances (such as gases like oxygen or hydrogen). Furthermore, the membrane is electrically insulating.

[0013] CCM components include a catalyst coating capable of accepting electrons, applied at least partially to both sides of the membrane. Each catalyst coating forms an electrode. The electrodes can be designed to facilitate the electrochemical reactions required for the operation of the electrolyzer. The electrodes can include an anode and a cathode. The anode and cathode can be arranged on either side of the membrane. In the case of an electrolyzer, the anode can be on the water side, where water is supplied as a reactant and oxidized to oxygen, protons, and electrons. The cathode can be on the hydrogen side, where electrons and protons transported through the polymer membrane are supplied to combine and generate hydrogen. In the case of a fuel cell, the anode can be on the fuel side, where fuel (e.g., hydrogen) is supplied as a reactant and oxidized to protons and electrons. The cathode can be on the air side, where oxygen from supplied air as a reactant, electrons and protons transported through the polymer membrane combine to generate water.

[0014] The MEA also includes a frame for enclosing the CCM components. Preferably, the MEA may include only a single frame. Here, the term "frame" can be understood as a mounting structure for supporting the MEA and / or securing the MEA in place. The term "framing" can be understood as at least partially enclosing an area with strips of material. Preferably, the frame can provide sufficient mechanical support for arranging the MEA within the battery stack. Preferably, the frame can have a rectangular cross-section with a central opening. For example, the frame can be a nested frame structure.

[0015] The frame is arranged on one side of the membrane, and its overlapping section overlaps with the peripheral area of ​​the CCM component.

[0016] Here, the term "peripheral area" can be understood as the area adjacent to and / or including the outer periphery of the CCM component. For example, the peripheral area may be located at the outer edge of the CCM component, and / or may extend at least partially or completely circumferentially along the outer edge of the CCM component. The outer edge may define the outer periphery of the CCM component. The term "overlap" can be understood as at least partially covering or extending beyond a structure. The term "frame overlap section" can be understood as a volumetric section of a frame that may cover at least a portion of the surface of the CCM component. Preferably, the frame overlap section may define an opening within the frame to allow material transport to the surface of the CCM component for participation in fuel cell or electrolysis processes.

[0017] The MEA also includes two fluid distribution layers. Each fluid distribution layer is disposed on one side of the membrane and forms a diffuser structure for the surface distribution and / or collection of fluid process flows for the CCM component. For example, the fluid process flows may include water, hydrogen, and oxygen. The process flows can interact with the CCM component.

[0018] The term "fluid distribution layer" can be understood as a structure used to distribute and / or collect reactants or byproducts on an electrode surface and to remove fluid byproducts from the electrode. The fluid passing through the fluid distribution layer can be a gaseous and / or liquid substance. Preferably, the fluid distribution layer can be made of a porous material. More preferably, the fluid distribution layer can be conductive. The fluid distribution layer can be flat, and therefore can have a small thickness relative to its length and width. One or both fluid distribution layers can be a porous transport layer and / or a gas distribution layer. At least one of the fluid distribution layers can be made of a metal-based material. Here, the expression "metal-based" can be understood as being made of metal, entirely composed of metal, or at least containing metal. For example, at least one of the fluid distribution layers can be made of titanium, platinum-plated titanium, or nickel. For example, in a PEM electrolyzer, the fluid distribution layer on the anode side needs to be capable of withstanding high potentials. Similarly, in an AEM electrolyzer, the fluid distribution layer on the anode side can also be designed to withstand high potentials and / or corrosive solutions. In these cases, a metal-containing fluid distribution layer can be used as the material for the anode of both PEM and AEM electrolyzers. However, any material composition suitable for withstanding the high potential at the anode of the electrolytic cell can be considered. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the fluid distribution layers can be made of a carbon-based material (such as porous and / or fibrous carbon materials). For example, in AEM and PEM designs, the cathode potential is generally low. Therefore, in this case, a carbon-containing fluid distribution layer can be used at the cathode.

[0019] The MEA also includes an adhesive layer for forming an adhesive bond. The adhesive layer is disposed on the same membrane side as the frame. Preferably, the MEA may contain only a single (i.e., only one) adhesive layer.

[0020] Here, the term "adhesive layer" can be understood as a defined volume, film, or sheet made of material capable of being attached to the components of the MEA. The term "adhesion" can be understood as a joint having a strong material bond between at least two components. For example, adjacent materials can be joined by surface bonding, which is preferably facilitated by chemical activation.

[0021] CCM components, adhesive layers, and frame members are stacked in this order in the stacking direction.

[0022] Here, the term "stack direction" can be understood, for example, as the direction in which the layers are stacked on top of each other. For example, one layer in a stack transitions to another along the stack direction.

[0023] The adhesive layer includes an adhesive overlap section that overlaps with the peripheral area and the frame overlap section, and extends laterally inward relative to the peripheral area beyond the frame overlap section to define the process area of ​​the CCM component. The adhesive overlap section forms an adhesive bond between the CCM component and at least the frame.

[0024] Here, the term "adhesive overlap section" can be understood as a volume section of the adhesive layer covering at least a portion of the surface of the CCM component. Additionally, the term "lateral" can be understood as a direction laterally or toward / away from the process area. The adhesive overlap section can provide a circumferential boundary for the process area. Laterality can be perpendicular to the circumferential extension and / or stacking direction of the frame overlap section. The expression "extends beyond" can be understood as protruding beyond a structure or extending beyond the structural boundary. The term "process area" can be understood as a surface area actually usable for electrochemical treatment of reactants. Preferably, the inner periphery of the adhesive layer can define the boundary of the process area.

[0025] Additionally, a fluid distribution layer disposed on the same membrane side as the frame member is disposed beside the frame overlap section on the adhesive overlap section and the process area. The frame member extends at least partially from the adhesive layer beyond this fluid distribution layer in the stacking direction, at least at the frame overlap section.

[0026] Utilizing the MEA design described above, the frame on one side of the MEA can be guaranteed to form maximum height in the stacking direction, thus limiting the MEA thickness on that side. Therefore, compressive force can be applied to the MEA through the frame. This improves compression in the MEA bonding area, ensuring fluid tightness of the MEA within the battery assembly. Consequently, the MEA of this invention can be easily integrated into existing infrastructure for fuel cells or electrolyzers. No other components (such as gaskets or seals) are required to facilitate this integration.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, the frame member may include a sealing surface for forming a seal when in direct contact with opposing mating surfaces. Here, the sealing surface may face away from the CCM member and face the stacking direction. Preferably, the sealing surface may be annular and / or planar. Alternatively or additionally, the sealing surface may include one or more surface features such as a sealing lip, ridge, protrusion, or groove.

[0028] This allows for a predefined structure to seal the MEA at the frame, thus integrating the sealing function into the frame. Therefore, it eliminates the need for a separate seal from the MEA, which typically increases complexity and cost, as well as the technical challenges of properly aligning the separate seal with the MEA during manufacturing.

[0029] According to another preferred embodiment, the frame may comprise or be made of a rigid material.

[0030] Here, the term "rigid" can be understood, for example, as a material that does not deform or deforms only to a minimal degree (e.g., less than 0.05%) under typical working pressures (e.g., 4 bar to 100 bar).

[0031] This allows the MEA frame to be adapted to the needs of individual applications. For example, rigid materials are beneficial for high compression in the joint area and thus contribute to good fluid sealing of the MEA.

[0032] Alternatively or additionally, the frame may comprise or be made of an elastic material (such as an elastomeric material).

[0033] Here, the term "elastic material" can be understood, for example, as a material that can elastically deform under typical working pressures (such as 4 bar to 100 bar).

[0034] Here, the present invention allows the use of flexible sheets (which can also be used as seals for MEAs) to replace the rigid frame materials commonly used in many MEA designs. Therefore, the frame provides two functions: sealing and enclosure. By eliminating such a single-function frame structure and directly attaching the CCM components to the sealing material, the MEA has fewer parts and becomes simpler to construct. Furthermore, it is far simpler to manufacture and integrate flat sealing sheets into the MEA instead of the more common sealing beads. Additionally, the flexible material is beneficial for relaxing manufacturing tolerances in the battery stack and providing good fluid sealing.

[0035] According to a preferred embodiment, the frame may include a layered frame structure. The layered frame structure may include a frame layer and a sealing layer. The frame layer and sealing layer may be stacked in a stacking direction and arranged on an adhesive layer. Here, the frame layer may comprise a rigid material. The sealing layer may comprise an elastic material and / or may be made of an elastomer sheet. Preferably, the frame layer may comprise a smaller material thickness than the sealing layer.

[0036] This combines the beneficial effects of rigid materials as the frame layer and elastic materials as the sealing layer. By setting the sealing layer as the sealing surface, i.e., as the surface that contacts the opposing surface of another stacked component, the sealing effect can be improved. Furthermore, this configuration allows for selection from a wide range of materials, as the sealing function can be independent of the enclosure function through a multi-layered structure. For example, highly flexible materials can be selected for the sealing layer, while highly rigid materials can be selected for the frame layer. As a result, the durability and fluid sealing performance of the MEA can be improved, allowing for a reduction in the frame layer thickness.

[0037] According to another preferred embodiment, the multilayer structure may further include a connecting layer for forming an adhesive bond between the frame layer and the sealing layer. The connecting layer may be sandwiched between the frame layer and the sealing layer. The connecting layer may include an adhesive film or glue film for forming an adhesive bond between the frame layer and the sealing layer.

[0038] Therefore, this design is advantageous when the adhesive layer does not adhere sufficiently to the selected frame sealing material. In particular, the frame layer can bond to the adhesive layer, while the bonding layer can adhere to the sealing material of the sealing layer. Consequently, many different materials can be considered for the sealing and frame layers, and material compatibility issues between rigid or different materials can be overcome, allowing for a reduction in the frame layer thickness.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, the frame layer and the sealing layer can be provided by cutting them together in the same cutting step, and preferably can be bonded together at least before or after the cutting step to form a multi-layer structure.

[0040] This allows for precise alignment between layers, ensuring and improving the fluid tightness of the MEA. Furthermore, manufacturing complexity can be reduced.

[0041] According to another preferred embodiment, the polymer membrane may be a proton exchange membrane or an anion exchange membrane.

[0042] Therefore, different membrane technologies can be used in MEA design.

[0043] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one of the fluid distribution layers may be a porous transport layer and / or a gas diffusion layer. At least one of the fluid distribution layers may be made of a metal-based material and / or a carbon-based material.

[0044] MEAs can thus be equipped with components that ensure the function of their electrolyzers or fuel cells.

[0045] According to another preferred embodiment, one fluid distribution layer may be bonded to the adhesive overlap segment. Alternatively or additionally, another fluid distribution layer may be bonded to the adhesive layer. Or, another fluid distribution layer may be directly bonded to the CCM component. For example, the polymer of the CCM component may flow into the porous structure of the respective fluid distribution layer to form a bond.

[0046] Therefore, MEA can be equipped with a single adhesive layer to bond all its components together.

[0047] According to a preferred embodiment, the adhesive overlap segment may extend at least partially or completely along the inner periphery of the frame overlap segment on the CCM member in the circumferential direction. In other words, the adhesive overlap segment may extend in the length and / or width directions in the same manner as the frame overlap segment.

[0048] Therefore, the beneficial effects of the present invention can be enhanced across the entire surface of the CCM component.

[0049] According to another preferred embodiment, one of the fluid distribution layers may be arranged adjacent to the frame overlap section, and a circumferential gap may be formed to separate the fluid distribution layer from the frame overlap section. Preferably, the circumferential gap may be at least partially filled with an adhesive material. Here, the adhesive material preferably extends from the adhesive overlap section. Preferably, the adhesive material within the circumferential gap may be the same as or different from the adhesive layer. For example, the adhesive material may be a cured adhesive that is received from the adhesive layer by the gap by applying pressure to the adhesive layer.

[0050] Using the above arrangement, the adhesive can flow into the minute gaps between the fluid distribution layer and the overlapping sections of the frame, as well as into the open pores of the fluid distribution layer, during the MEA compression manufacturing process. This provides adhesion from at least both sides, improving the bond between the CCM component and the fluid distribution layer. Furthermore, the adhesive material bonding the overlapping sections provides mechanical protection for the CCM component from damage by the sharp edges of the fluid distribution layer. Typically, the fluid distribution layer needs to be cut to the required dimensions and may have rough edges that could scratch the catalyst coating or otherwise damage the CCM component. Therefore, the mechanical durability of the MEA can be improved using the above arrangement.

[0051] According to a preferred embodiment, the adhesive layer and / or bonding layer may comprise a chemically inert material. For example, the adhesive layer and / or bonding layer may be an adhesive film. For example, the adhesive layer and / or bonding layer may comprise polymers such as epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyisobutylene, polyolefin, polyethylene, and a curable crosslinking agent.

[0052] This enables rapid and reliable bonding between the various components of the MEA.

[0053] According to another preferred embodiment, the catalyst coating may partially cover at least one side of the polymer membrane. For example, the CCM component may include at least one membrane segment having a surface structure different from the catalyst coating. For example, the membrane segment may be an uncoated surface segment, exposing the polymer surface of the polymer membrane. Preferably, the membrane segment may be located at least in the peripheral region. The opposing mating surfaces of the membrane segment and at least one of the fluid distribution layers and / or the frame may form a direct material bond. For example, the polymer of the CCM component may flow into the porous structure of the corresponding fluid distribution layer to form a bond.

[0054] According to a preferred embodiment, the catalyst coating can completely cover the polymer film on at least one side of the film. The fluid distribution layer may in this case include a peripheral edge segment on the other side of the film, which extends outward from the process zone side beyond the peripheral region and extends in the stacking direction toward the adhesive peripheral segment of the adhesive layer. Here, the adhesive peripheral segment can extend outward from the adhesive overlap segment about the process zone side beyond the peripheral region.

[0055] Using any of the above configurations, reliable connections between the various components of the MEA can be ensured, and these connections can be established without the need for additional adhesive layers.

[0056] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell stack comprising a plurality of the above-described membrane electrode assemblies stacked in series.

[0057] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of the above-described membrane electrode assemblies stacked in series.

[0058] With respect to these two aspects of the invention, the same advantages and effects as described above for MEAs can be obtained. In particular, chemical degradation and manufacturing costs can be reduced due to the advantageous design of the MEA.

[0059] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the aforementioned membrane electrode assembly. Here, a CCM component, a frame, the two fluid distribution layers, and an adhesive layer are obtained. The CCM component, fluid distribution layers, frame, and adhesive layer are stacked in a stacking direction. Specifically, the stacking is such that the frame is located on one membrane side, and the adhesive layer is located between the frame and the CCM component. Furthermore, the stacking is such that one of the fluid distribution layers is located on the same membrane side as the frame and within the area defined by the frame overlap section of the frame, thereby covering at least a portion of the adhesive layer and at least a portion of the CCM component. Moreover, the CCM component, fluid distribution layer, frame, and adhesive layer are stacked such that the other fluid distribution layer is on its other membrane side and adjacent to the CCM component. The CCM component, fluid distribution layer, frame, and adhesive layer are aligned such that the peripheral area, the frame overlap section, and the adhesive overlap section at least partially overlap each other. Furthermore, the alignment is such that the adhesive overlap section extends laterally inward about the peripheral area, beyond the frame overlap section, to define the process area of ​​the CCM component. Additionally, alignment is performed such that this fluid distribution layer is located beside the frame overlap section and covers at least a portion of the adhesive overlap section extending beyond the frame overlap section. Furthermore, alignment is performed such that another fluid distribution layer at least partially overlaps the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is activated at least at the adhesive overlap section, such that the adhesive layer bonds at least the frame member and this fluid distribution layer to the CCM member.

[0060] Preferably, the adhesive layer can be compressed and activated. Preferably, another fluid distribution layer can form an adhesive bond to the frame through the adhesive layer. Alternatively or additionally, another fluid distribution layer can form a direct bond with the material of the CCM component through the adhesive layer. For example, the polymer of the CCM component can flow into the porous structure of its respective fluid distribution layer to form a bond.

[0061] Here, the term "activation" can refer to the process of making the adhesive "tacky" and / or able to adhere to the components of the MEA. For example, activation can include the curing process of a curable adhesive (such as epoxy resin). Activation can also include the heat treatment process of thermosetting adhesives (such as polyurethane or polyisobutylene) or thermoplastic adhesives (such as polyolefins). In addition, activation can include chemical treatment of suitable chemically activated adhesive materials (such as activation by ultraviolet light irradiation). Therefore, depending on the properties of the materials used in the adhesive layer, the activation steps can include curing, thermal activation, and / or chemical activation.

[0062] As described above, the above design of the manufacturing method can reduce manufacturing complexity and reduce time and cost because only a small number of parts are needed to form the MEA. In addition, by manufacturing the MEA in this way, the adverse effects of chemical degradation can be mitigated or even eliminated, and the durability of the MEA can be improved.

[0063] According to a preferred embodiment, the frame can be obtained by stacking at least frame layers and sealing layers in the stacking direction to form a layered frame structure, joining these stacked layers of the layered frame structure to each other, and then cutting the joined layered frame structure in a cutting step.

[0064] This allows for precise alignment between the frame layer and the sealing layer, as both structures are acquired and joined in the same manufacturing step. Consequently, manufacturing complexity can be reduced and the MEA can be improved.

[0065] Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the above-described membrane electrode assembly, the above-described solid polymer electrolyte electrolyzer stack, or the above-described solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack in water electrolysis or fuel cell processes. Attached Figure Description

[0066] The above and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent when referring to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.

[0067] Figure 1 A schematic top view showing one embodiment of the MEA of the present invention is shown.

[0068] Figures 2 to 14 Different embodiments of the MEA of the present invention are shown along the path. Figure 1 A schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of line AA and / or line BB shown. Detailed Implementation

[0069] Figures 1 to 14 Various views and aspects of different embodiments of the MEA 100 of the present invention are shown. Specifically, Figures 2 to 14 For along Figure 1 Cross-sectional views of line AA and / or line BB shown.

[0070] The MEA 100 of this invention is configured as a stackable battery for fuel cell processes or water electrolysis. Typically, in industrial applications, a solid polymer electrolyte battery stack is used for this purpose. In such battery stacks, multiple MEAs 100 are stacked in series and connected. This type of battery stack also forms part of this invention, although it is not explicitly shown in the figures.

[0071] If possible Figures 2 to 14As seen in the diagram, MEA 100 includes a CCM component 110. The CCM component 110 is the electrochemically active core unit of MEA 100 and includes a polymer membrane 111, which forms a solid electrolyte for ion exchange between its two opposing membrane sides S1, S2. For example, the polymer membrane 111 can be a proton exchange membrane or anion exchange membrane. Therefore, depending on the type of membrane used, the polymer membrane 111 can serve as a solid electrolyte for cation (e.g., proton) or anion exchange. Furthermore, the CCM component 110 can have any shape (e.g., rectangular) and can be in membrane or sheet form. The CCM component 110 can be provided, for example, as a flexible membrane material.

[0072] Catalyst coatings 112 and 113 are applied to the two membrane sides S1 and S2, which are capable of accepting electrons and at least partially cover each membrane side S1 and S2.

[0073] For example, Figures 1 to 5 7 and Figures 9 to 14 The configuration of the CCM component 110 is shown in both examples. Here, the polymer membrane 111 is only partially covered with catalyst coatings 112 and 113 on both membrane sides S1 and S2, with membrane segments 117 provided, which are uncoated surface segments, exposing the polymer surface of the polymer membrane 111. In the illustrated example, membrane segments 117 extend on both membrane sides S1 and S2 in the peripheral region 115 of the CCM component 110. However, these are merely examples and not exhaustive. For example, membrane segments 117 may include surface structures different from those of catalyst coatings 112 and 113. Thus, for example, membrane segments 117 may include coatings different from those of catalyst coatings 112 and 113. It is also conceivable that membrane segments 117 may be arranged in different locations or extended to multiple locations on either membrane side S1 and S2. Figure 6 and 8 Alternative configurations of the CCM component 110 are shown, in which the polymer membrane 111 is completely covered by catalyst coatings 112 and 113 on both membrane sides S1 and S2. Therefore, the polymer membrane 111 can be coated with catalyst coatings 112 and 113 in a windowed or non-windowed manner.

[0074] Each catalyst coating 112, 113 forms an electrode for conducting electrons associated with ion exchange at the polymer membrane 111. Both catalyst coatings 112 and 113 can be configured as either an anode or a cathode during electrolysis. Therefore, the specific arrangement of anode and cathode will not be distinguished below, as either catalyst coating 112 or 113 can serve either role.

[0075] For example, it can also be from Figures 1 to 14As seen in the diagram, MEA 100 also includes a frame 140 for enclosing the CCM member 110. For example, the frame 140 secures the CCM member 110 in place. The frame 140 includes a frame overlap section 141 that surrounds an opening within the frame 140. Figure 1 In the example, frame 140 can be a rectangular structure with a rectangular through hole. Figure 1 It is also shown that frame 140 may include port 146 for allowing process flow into or out of the corresponding fuel cell or electrolyzer.

[0076] For example, it can also be from Figures 2 to 14 As seen in the diagram, the MEA 100 also includes two fluid distribution layers 121, 122. The fluid distribution layers 121, 122 are configured to form a diffuser structure for surface distribution and / or collection of fluid process flows for the CCM component 110. It is conceivable that two or only one fluid distribution layer 121, 122 may be provided as a PTL or GDL. At least one of the two fluid distribution layers 121, 122 may be composed of a metal-based material, or any other material suitable for bearing or maintaining a high potential. Preferably, the catalyst coatings 112, 113 on the membrane sides S1, S2 of the metal-based fluid distribution layers 121, 122 may serve as the anode of the MEA 100. However, it is conceivable that two or only one fluid distribution layer 121, 122 may be composed of a metal-based material, regardless of the location of the anode or cathode. For example, Figure 5 and 11 An exemplary configuration of MEA 100 is shown, wherein both fluid distribution layers 121 and 122 are metal-based (wide shaded lines). Figure 7 , 8 and Figures 12 to 14 An exemplary configuration of MEA 100 is shown, wherein both fluid distribution layers 121, 122 are made of carbon-based material (narrow shaded lines). Figures 2 to 4 , Figure 6 , 9 Figures 1 and 10 illustrate an exemplary configuration of MEA100, wherein one of the two fluid distribution layers 121, 122 is made of a carbon-based material (narrow shaded line), for example, for the cathode; while the other fluid distribution layer is made of a metal-based material (wide shaded line), for example, for the anode.

[0077] If possible Figures 1 to 14 As seen in the diagram, MEA 100 also includes an adhesive layer 150 for forming an adhesive between CCM component 110, at least one of the fluid distribution layers 121, 122, and at least frame member 140. For example, adhesive layer 150 may be designed as an adhesive film and may include polymers selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyisobutylene, polyolefins, polyethylene, and curable crosslinking agents.

[0078] The following describes the relative positioning of the aforementioned components of MEA 100.

[0079] CCM component 110, adhesive layer 150, and frame 140 are provided in a stacked manner. Specifically, CCM component 110, adhesive layer 150, and frame 140 are stacked sequentially along the stacking direction SD. The stacking direction SD is... Figures 2 to 14 Arrows are used to indicate this.

[0080] The adhesive layer 150 is disposed on one of the membrane sides S1 and S2, such that the peripheral area 115 of the CCM component 110 overlaps with the adhesive overlap section 151.

[0081] The frame member 140 is arranged on the same film side S1 as the adhesive layer 150 and is positioned such that the frame overlapping section 141 overlaps with the peripheral area 115 and the adhesive overlapping section 151. Figure 2 In this example, this section of the adhesive layer 150 is highlighted as the first portion 1514. Thus, the adhesive overlap portion 151 can form an adhesive between the frame member 140 and the CCM member 110, thereby forming a joint area JR at the peripheral area 115.

[0082] The adhesive overlap segment 151 is provided in a manner that extends laterally inward beyond the frame overlap segment 141. This means that the adhesive layer 150 extends laterally onto the CCM member 110 along with the adhesive overlap segment 151, thereby defining the process area 116 of the CCM member 110. For clarity, in Figure 2 , 3 A coordinate system is provided in 9, which indicates the lateral LD. In other words, the adhesive overlap segment 151 includes a second portion 1512 that covers the remaining surface portions of the CCM member 110 beyond the peripheral region 115. Therefore, the second portion 1512 also covers the remaining surface portions of the CCM member 110 except for the frame overlap segment 141. Therefore, the adhesive overlap segment 151 defines the active region of the CCM film 110 that is available for electrochemical processing, thereby defining the process region 116 of the CCM film 110. Therefore, the inner edge 1516 of the adhesive overlap segment 151 can mark the boundary of the process region 116. This is in Figure 2 The example shown is illustrated in the figure and can be applied to all other figures in the same way.

[0083] A fluid distribution layer 121, arranged on the same membrane side S1 as the frame member 140, is also arranged beside the frame overlap section 141, located on the process area 116, and covering the adhesive overlap section 151. Thus, the fluid distribution layer 121 can also be bonded to the CCM member 110 via the adhesive overlap section 151. Another fluid distribution layer 122 can be arranged on another membrane side S2.

[0084] According to the invention, the frame 140 includes a specific configuration relative to the fluid distribution layer 121 disposed on its side. Specifically, the frame 140 is obtained such that it extends from the adhesive layer 150 in the stacking direction SD, extending beyond the fluid distribution layer 121. Therefore, the thickest point TP of the MEA 100 on the membrane side S1 is defined by the frame 140. Preferably, the frame 140 may include at least a height in the stacking direction SD, said height corresponding at least to the height required for the sealing mechanism between adjacent MEAs 100.

[0085] The frame member 140 may be further configured to include a sealing surface 144 for forming a seal by direct contact with opposing mating surfaces. The sealing surface 144 is exemplarily shown in all figures. Figures 2 to 13 As shown, the sealing surface 144 can be annular and planar. Or as... Figure 14 As shown, the sealing surface 144 may include one or more surface features 149, such as a sealing lip. It is also conceivable to provide a sealing surface 144 having two surface features 149, which may extend beyond the plane containing the sealing surface 144 and may have an outwardly convex curvature (see...). Figure 14 One of these types of surface features 149 can be configured to provide compression support to the mating area JR of MEA 100. For example, an inward bulge of sealing surface 144 can be provided for this purpose. Another type of surface feature 149 can be configured to seal MEA 100 within a stack.

[0086] Figure 2 and 3 An example is shown where frame 140 comprises only a single material. For example, in Figure 2 In this context, the frame 140 is made of a rigid material (e.g., a material commonly used as a frame in MEA applications). Figure 3 Another exemplary embodiment is shown, in which the frame 140 is made of an elastic material (such as an elastomer material).

[0087] Figure 9 and 10 An exemplary embodiment shows that frame member 140 is formed of a layered frame structure 143. Frame structure 143 may include a rigid frame layer 1431 and an elastic sealing layer 1433, which are stacked and arranged in this order in the stacking direction SD. Frame structure 143 can then be arranged as frame layer 1434 above adhesive layer 150 in the stacking direction SD. Therefore, sealing layer 1433 can form the outermost layer of MEA 100. Frame layer 1431 may preferably have a smaller material thickness than sealing layer 1433. Figure 10In this design, the layered frame structure 143 includes an additional layer, namely a connecting layer 1432 for connecting the frame layer 1431 and the sealing layer 1433 to each other. For example, the connecting layer 1432 may be an adhesive film or glue film. The frame structure 143 is preferably manufactured in a single process, where the frame layer 1431 and the sealing layer 1433 may be bonded together and cut together in the same cutting step to achieve precise alignment of the layers.

[0088] exist Figures 1 to 14 The diagram illustrates another exemplary configuration of the MEA 100, in which the fluid distribution layer 121 may be arranged adjacent to but spaced from the frame overlap segment 141, thus forming a small circumferential gap CG, through which the fluid distribution layer 121 is separated from the frame overlap segment 141. For clarity, the circumferential CD is... Figure 2 , 3 As specified in 9. The adhesive material 155 from the adhesive overlap segment 151 can at least partially fill the circumferential gap CG. This can be achieved by a manufacturing step in which pressure is applied to the fluid distribution layer 121, in which the adhesive material 155 is flowable and solidifies at the end of the step.

[0089] Figure 1 It is also exemplarily shown that the components of MEA 100 may be centered with respect to CCM member 110. Preferably, MEA 100 may include one or more axes of symmetry. More preferably, the axes of symmetry of MEA 100 may be aligned with at least one of the axes of symmetry of CCM member 110.

[0090] remove Figure 6 and 8 In addition, all examples show that the CCM component 110 of MEA 100 includes a membrane segment 117 having an uncoated surface portion in the peripheral region 115, exposing the polymer membrane 111 on the polymer surfaces of the two membrane sides S1, S2. In most of the examples in the figures, the membrane segment 117 facilitates direct bonding between the materials of the opposing interface 123 of the fluid distribution layer 122. For example, the polymer of the CCM component 110 can flow into the porous structure of the fluid distribution layer 122 to form an interface. For clarity, only Figure 2 Reference numeral 123 is shown in the figures, but it can be applied equally to all embodiments including the membrane segment 117. Therefore, no additional adhesive is required in the MEA 100 to bond the fluid distribution layer 122 to the CCM member 100.

[0091] Figure 6 and 8 The MEA 100 is shown with Figure 3 Similar exemplary implementations. With Figure 3 Unlike the other picture, Figure 6 and 8The CCM component 110 is completely covered by catalyst coatings 112 and 113. Therefore, direct material bonding between the CCM component 110 and the fluid distribution layer 122 is not possible. Therefore, the fluid distribution layer 122 extends beyond the peripheral region 115 via a peripheral edge segment 125, providing a polymer surface bonded to the frame 140 via an adhesive layer 150 at the contact area CA. Preferably, the adhesive layer 150 may include an adhesive peripheral segment 152 oriented in the opposite direction to the adhesive overlap segment 151 and extending outward from the adhesive overlap segment 151 beyond the peripheral region 115. Therefore, the fluid distribution layer 122 can be bonded to the CCM component 110 without additional adhesive. The adhesive peripheral segment 152 may extend flush with the peripheral edge 119. Alternatively, the adhesive peripheral segment 152 may extend beyond the peripheral edge 119 of the CCM component 110. For example, in… Figure 6 and 8 In the middle, the adhesive peripheral section 152 can extend beyond the CCM member 110 and be flush with the peripheral edge section 125.

[0092] This invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, as long as they are covered by the appended claims. All features of the above embodiments can be combined and interchanged in any way.

[0093] Figure Labels

[0094] 100 Membrane Electrode Assembly

[0095] 110 Catalyst-coated membrane components, CCM components

[0096] 112, 113 Catalyst Coating

[0097] 115 Surrounding Area

[0098] 116 Process Area

[0099] 117 Membrane segment

[0100] 119 Surrounding Edge

[0101] 121, 122 Fluid distribution layers

[0102] 123 Joint surface

[0103] 125 Peripheral Edge Section

[0104] 140 frame

[0105] 141 Overlapping sections of the frame

[0106] 143 Layered frame structure

[0107] 1431 Frame Layer

[0108] 1432 Connection Layer

[0109] 1433 Sealing layer

[0110] 144 Sealing surface

[0111] Port 146

[0112] 149 Surface Features

[0113] 150 adhesive layer

[0114] 151 Adhesive overlapping section

[0115] 1512 Part Two

[0116] 1514 Part One

[0117] 1516 Inner edge

[0118] 152 Bonding peripheral sections

[0119] 155 Adhesive Material

[0120] S1, S2 membrane side

[0121] CG circumferential gap

[0122] TP thickest point

[0123] CA contact area

[0124] JR junction area

[0125] CD Zhou Xiang

[0126] LD Lateral

[0127] SD stacking direction

Claims

1. A membrane electrode assembly (100) for use in a stackable cell of a fuel cell process and / or electrolysis, the membrane electrode assembly comprising: - a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) member (110) forming an electrochemically active core unit of the membrane electrode assembly (100), comprising: o a polymer membrane (111) forming a solid-state electrolyte for ion exchange between two opposite membrane sides (SI, S2) thereof, and o catalyst coatings (112, 113) capable of accepting electrons and applied at least partially to both membrane sides (SI, S2), respectively forming an electrode for conducting ion exchange-related electrons at the polymer membrane (111); - a frame member (140) for enclosing the CCM member (110), the frame member (140) being arranged at one of the membrane sides (SI, S2), the frame member (140) comprising a frame overlap section (141) overlapping a peripheral zone (115) of the CCM member (110); - two fluid distribution layers (121, 122) arranged at one of the membrane sides (SI, S2), respectively, and forming a diffuser structure for surface distribution and / or collection of a fluid process stream of the respective membrane side (SI, S2); and - an adhesive layer (150) provided at the same membrane side (SI, S2) as the frame member (140); the CCM member (110), the adhesive layer (150) and the frame member (140) being stacked in this order in a stacking direction (SD); characterized in that the adhesive layer (150) comprises an adhesive overlap section (151) overlapping the peripheral zone (115) and the frame overlap section (141) and forming an adhesive bond between the CCM member (110) and at least the frame member (140), wherein the adhesive overlap section (151) extends laterally inwardly with respect to the peripheral zone (115) beyond the frame overlap section (141) to delimit a process zone (116) of the CCM member (110); the fluid distribution layer (121, 122) arranged at the same membrane side (SI, S2) as the frame member (140) is located laterally aside of the frame overlap section (141) and covers the adhesive overlap section (151) and the process zone (116); and the frame member (140) extends at least at the frame overlap section (141) at least partially beyond this fluid distribution layer (121, 122) in the stacking direction (SD) from the adhesive layer (150).

2. The membrane electrode assembly (100) of claim 1, wherein, the frame member (140) comprises a sealing face (144) facing away from the CCM member (110) and towards the stacking direction (SD) for forming a seal by direct contact with an oppositely facing counterpart face, wherein preferably the sealing face (144) is annular, planar and / or comprises one or more surface features (149), such as a sealing lip, a ridge, a bump with an outward convex curvature or a sealing groove.

3. The membrane-electrode assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the frame member (140) comprises or consists of a rigid material and / or an elastic material, such as an elastomeric material.

4. The membrane-electrode assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The frame member (140) comprises a layered frame structure (143) comprising a frame layer (1431) and a sealing layer (1433) which are stacked in this order in the stacking direction (SD) and arranged on the adhesive layer (150), wherein the frame layer (1431) comprises a rigid material, and wherein the sealing layer (1433) comprises an elastic material and / or is manufactured from an elastomer sheet, wherein preferably the frame layer (1431) comprises a smaller material thickness than the sealing layer (1433).

5. The membrane-electrode assembly (100) according to claim 4, wherein The multi-layer structure (143) further comprises a connecting layer (1432) for connecting the frame layer (1431) and the sealing layer (1433), wherein the connecting layer (1432) is sandwiched between the frame layer (1431) and the sealing layer (1433) and preferably comprises an adhesive film or a glue film for forming an adhesive bond between the frame layer (1431) and the sealing layer (1433).

6. The membrane-electrode assembly (100) according to claim 4, wherein The frame layer (1431) and the sealing layer (1433) are provided in such a way that they are cut together in a cutting step and are preferably adhesively bonded to each other before or after the cutting step to form the multi-layer structure (143).

7. The membrane-electrode assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The polymer film (111) is a proton exchange membrane or an anion exchange membrane.

8. The membrane-electrode assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein At least one of the fluid distribution layers (121, 122) is a porous transport layer and / or a gas diffusion layer, and / or At least one of the fluid distribution layers (121, 122) is manufactured from a metal-based material and / or a carbon-based material.

9. The membrane-electrode assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein One of the fluid distribution layers (121, 122) is arranged adjacent to the frame overlap section (141) forming a circumferential gap (CG) separating this fluid distribution layer (121, 122) from the frame overlap section (141), wherein the circumferential gap (CG) is preferably at least partially filled with an adhesive material (155), preferably extending from the adhesive overlap section (151).

10. The membrane-electrode assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The catalyst coating (112, 113) partially covers the polymer film (111) at least at one of the membrane sides (S1, S2), wherein the CCM component (110) comprises at least one membrane section (117) comprising a surface structure different from the catalyst coating (112, 113), for example an uncoated surface section leaving the polymer surface of the polymer film (111) exposed, and which is at least located at the peripheral region (115), and wherein the membrane section (117) is adhesively bonded to the counter engagement face (123) of at least one of the fluid distribution layers (121, 122) and / or the frame member (140).

11. The membrane-electrode assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The catalyst coating (112, 113) completely covers the polymer membrane (111) on at least one of the membrane sides (S1, S2), wherein the fluid distribution layer (121, 122) on the other membrane side (S1, S2) comprises a peripheral edge section (125) extending laterally outward beyond the peripheral region (115) from the process region (116) and in the stacking direction (SD) towards a bonding peripheral section (152) of the bonding layer (150), wherein the bonding peripheral section (152) extends laterally outward beyond the peripheral region (115) from the bonding overlap section (151) with respect to the process region (116).

12. A solid state polymer electrolyte electrolyser stack or solid state polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack characterised by, It comprises a serial stack consisting of a plurality of membrane electrode assemblies (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A method of manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11, comprising: - obtaining the CCM component (110); - obtaining the frame component (140); - obtaining the two fluid distribution layers (121, 122); - obtaining the bonding layer (150); characterized in that - stacking the CCM component (110), the fluid distribution layers (121, 122), the frame component (140) and the bonding layer (150) in a stacking direction (SD) such that: o the frame component (140) is located on one of the membrane sides (S1, S2); o the bonding layer (150) is located between the frame component (140) and the CCM component (110); o one of the fluid distribution layers (121, 122) is located on the same membrane side (S1, S2) as the frame component (140) and covers at least a portion of the bonding layer (150) and at least a portion of the CCM component (110) within an area delimited by a frame overlap section (141) of the frame component (140); o the other of the fluid distribution layers (121, 122) is located on the other membrane side (S1, S2) adjacent to the CCM component (110); - aligning the CCM component (110), the fluid distribution layers (121, 122), the frame component (140) and the bonding layer (150) such that: o the peripheral region (115), the frame overlap section (141) and the bonding overlap section (151) at least partially overlap each other; o the bonding overlap section (151) extends laterally inward beyond the frame overlap section (141) with respect to the peripheral region (115) to delimit a process region (116) of the CCM component (110); o the one fluid distribution layer (121, 122) is located laterally alongside the frame overlap section (141) and covers at least a portion of the bonding overlap section (151) beyond the frame overlap section (141); and o the other fluid distribution layer (121, 122) at least partially overlaps the bonding layer (150); and ​ ​ ​ ​ - activating the adhesive layer (150) at least at the adhesive overlap section (151), preferably by compression, so that the adhesive layer (150) at least adhesively bonds the frame member (140) and the one fluid distribution layer (121, 122) to the CCM member (110). The other fluid distribution layer (121, 122) is adhesively bonded to the frame member (140) and / or the CCM member (110) by the adhesive layer (150).

14. The method of claim 13, wherein, The frame member (140) is obtained by:

15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein, - forming a layered frame structure (143) by stacking at least a frame layer (1431) and a sealing layer (1433) in the stacking direction (SD), - joining the stacked layers of the layered frame structure (143) to each other, and - cutting the joined layered frame structure (143) in a cutting step. ​

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